CN105917247B - 地理定位辅助和系统 - Google Patents

地理定位辅助和系统 Download PDF

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CN105917247B
CN105917247B CN201480073800.4A CN201480073800A CN105917247B CN 105917247 B CN105917247 B CN 105917247B CN 201480073800 A CN201480073800 A CN 201480073800A CN 105917247 B CN105917247 B CN 105917247B
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vehicle
signal
lighting apparatus
request signal
response
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CN105917247A (zh
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M.J.哈特曼
B.G.巴内特
J.E.赫希
R.T.霍克托尔
M.J.德尔安诺
S.索罗
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Karent Lighting Solutions Co ltd
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General Electric Co
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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    • H04W4/02—Services making use of location information
    • H04W4/025—Services making use of location information using location based information parameters
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    • G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
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    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R22/00—Arrangements for measuring time integral of electric power or current, e.g. electricity meters
    • G01R22/06—Arrangements for measuring time integral of electric power or current, e.g. electricity meters by electronic methods
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S11/00—Systems for determining distance or velocity not using reflection or reradiation
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    • G01S11/06—Systems for determining distance or velocity not using reflection or reradiation using radio waves using intensity measurements
    • G—PHYSICS
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    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S19/00—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems; Determining position, velocity or attitude using signals transmitted by such systems
    • G01S19/01—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems transmitting time-stamped messages, e.g. GPS [Global Positioning System], GLONASS [Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System] or GALILEO
    • G01S19/13—Receivers
    • G01S19/14—Receivers specially adapted for specific applications
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S19/00—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems; Determining position, velocity or attitude using signals transmitted by such systems
    • G01S19/38—Determining a navigation solution using signals transmitted by a satellite radio beacon positioning system
    • G01S19/39—Determining a navigation solution using signals transmitted by a satellite radio beacon positioning system the satellite radio beacon positioning system transmitting time-stamped messages, e.g. GPS [Global Positioning System], GLONASS [Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System] or GALILEO
    • G01S19/42—Determining position
    • G01S19/45—Determining position by combining measurements of signals from the satellite radio beacon positioning system with a supplementary measurement
    • G01S19/47—Determining position by combining measurements of signals from the satellite radio beacon positioning system with a supplementary measurement the supplementary measurement being an inertial measurement, e.g. tightly coupled inertial
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B21/00—Alarms responsive to a single specified undesired or abnormal condition and not otherwise provided for
    • G08B21/18—Status alarms
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
    • G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
    • G08G1/07—Controlling traffic signals
    • G08G1/087—Override of traffic control, e.g. by signal transmitted by an emergency vehicle
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/30—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes
    • H04W4/40—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes for vehicles, e.g. vehicle-to-pedestrians [V2P]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B47/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light sources in general, i.e. where the type of light source is not relevant
    • H05B47/10—Controlling the light source
    • H05B47/105—Controlling the light source in response to determined parameters
    • H05B47/115—Controlling the light source in response to determined parameters by determining the presence or movement of objects or living beings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B47/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light sources in general, i.e. where the type of light source is not relevant
    • H05B47/10—Controlling the light source
    • H05B47/175—Controlling the light source by remote control
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B47/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light sources in general, i.e. where the type of light source is not relevant
    • H05B47/10—Controlling the light source
    • H05B47/175—Controlling the light source by remote control
    • H05B47/19—Controlling the light source by remote control via wireless transmission
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V33/00—Structural combinations of lighting devices with other articles, not otherwise provided for
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21W—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO USES OR APPLICATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
    • F21W2131/00—Use or application of lighting devices or systems not provided for in codes F21W2102/00-F21W2121/00
    • F21W2131/10—Outdoor lighting
    • F21W2131/103—Outdoor lighting of streets or roads
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S11/00—Systems for determining distance or velocity not using reflection or reradiation
    • G01S11/02—Systems for determining distance or velocity not using reflection or reradiation using radio waves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S11/00—Systems for determining distance or velocity not using reflection or reradiation
    • G01S11/12—Systems for determining distance or velocity not using reflection or reradiation using electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
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    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
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    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

使用具有应答技术的街灯系统的地理定位的方法和系统。采用扩展频谱技术的预定射频带用来识别相对于个别街灯的位置。

Description

地理定位辅助和系统
该申请是2013年11月21日提交的美国临时专利申请序列号61/907069、61/907078、61/907090、61/907114、61/907133、61/907150、61/907,168、61/907188和61/907210的非临时申请并且要求其权益，其的整个内容通过引用合并于此。
背景技术
诸如全球定位服务（GPS）和全球导航卫星服务（GLONASS）的常规系统能够确定与这些系统中的一个兼容（comptable）的装置的地理位置。这些常规系统是复杂的，例如GPS系统，其要求卫星。GPS接收器要求足够数量的GPS卫星的视图来使水平精度稀释（HDOP）保持到适度低的值。存在许多实例，对于其，这些复杂系统可未能提供期望的地理定位服务。特别地，在城市区域中，GPS接收器可由于由街道和/或大型金属构件的结构屏蔽所形成的一个或多个介电峡谷（canyon）而不能从GPS卫星接收信号。
鉴于上面的论述，本领域中仍然存在对地理定位系统的需要，该系统在城市和其他类似阴影区域内提供在GPS和其他系统因为周围环境（surrounding）的城市性质而被阻碍的情况下能够适当运行的成本有效的服务。
发明内容
本说明书的实施例一般涉及地理定位服务，并且更特别地涉及用于确定装置的地理位置的系统和方法。用来确定地理位置的现有基础设施通常采用使用现代通信技术和电子设备的装置。
附图说明
图1图示根据一个实施例的照明器具的分段。
图2图示根据一个实施例的询问照明设备接合物（luminaire associate）的车辆。
图3图示根据一个实施例的询问多个照明设备接合物的车辆。
图4是毫米波大气衰减的图表。
图5是图4的图表的一部分。
图6A是根据一个实施例的跨越从57-64 GHz的谱区的传送的询问信号的功率谱密度（psd）的图示。
图6B是根据一个实施例在传播短距离后图6A的询问信号的psd的图示。
图6C是根据一个实施例在传播比图6B中图示的明显更长的距离后图6A的询问信号的psd的图示。
图6D图示根据一个实施例的接收的询问信号的psd。
图6E图示根据一个实施例的在图6D中的psd的估计。
图6F图示根据一个实施例的在图6D中的psd的另一个估计。
图6图示根据一个实施例的DS扩展频谱信号的功率谱密度。
图7图示根据一个实施例的扩展照明设备接合物响应消息。
具体实施方式
本文描述的各种实施例通过提供用于使用街道照明系统的装置的地理定位的示范性系统和方法来解决现有技术的需要。街道照明系统为装置提供相对于个别街灯的位置的地理定位服务。
街道照明和其他基础设施服务以及装置通过现代通信技术和电子设备的例示而变得更加智能。一个这种作用是要为车辆和行人提供城市定位服务。
街灯平台对于城市定位系统可以是有用的。如在图1中描绘的，智能街灯100包括安装在照明设备接合物120上的照明设备110，这两者都被柱130支承。照明设备接合物120包括在智能街灯100的操作和控制中使用的电子组件和电路系统。照明设备接合物120还包含通信系统（其能够传送和接收在57-64 GHz频谱内的射频信号）和计算元件（其包含处理装置）。另外，照明设备接合物提供与照明设备110的安装和控制关联的机械耦合。照明设备接合物120安装在柱130顶部。柱130还为服务于照明设备接合物120和照明设备110的功率线140提供管道。照明设备接合物120可以执行一个或多个功能，其包含向灯提供功率、评定灯的功能以及连接到集中街灯控制系统。灯接合物120还可以通过提供应答器（transponder）服务来提供城市定位服务。
图2是可以由本文描述的示范性实施例执行的应答器服务的图示。应答序列200通过车辆210内的通信系统开始，从而促使询问信号230通过车辆210上安装的天线传送。询问信号230由照明设备接合物220接收。照明设备接合物220内包含的应答器采用由车辆210上的天线和通信系统接收的响应240作出应答。
来自特定照明设备接合物220的响应240可以包含唯一识别发出响应240的照明设备接合物220的数据。在接收唯一识别特定照明设备接合物220的响应240时，车辆210可了解唯一识别的照明设备接合物220的位置。根据变化实施例，车辆210内的通信系统可通过存储位置或通过计算而直接了解照明设备接合物220的位置。其他实施例可规定（providefor）车辆210内的通信系统以通过通信能力来获得照明设备接合物的位置用于对响应的照明设备接合物220的地理坐标的快速存取（quick access）。
图3是在车辆210附近的多个照明设备接合物3101-310n的图示。在实施例中，车辆210内的通信系统可以在它穿过由多个照明设备接合物3101-310n所占据的区域时发送询问信号230。在发起询问信号230与从多个照明设备接合物3101-310n接收任何潜在响应240之间将存在时间延迟。能够测量这些时间延迟并且相互比较。询问器通过确定到多个照明设备接合物3101-310n的相对距离来确定沿城市街道的位置。用于给定多个距离而计算位置的程序可基于在Institute of Navigation ，1980，卷1、166-172页的S. Noe、K. A. Myers和T. K. Wu著的“Global Positioning System. A Navigation Algorithm for the Low-Cost GPS Receiver”中呈现的算法。
美国政府对非授权操作分配57-64 GHz的频谱。这提供适合于创建应答器系统的频谱。电磁频谱的该非常大且连续部分对于基于不需要依赖集中控制的照明设备接合物220内所包含的应答器的定位系统具有优越属性。许多益处从传播通过大气的电磁辐射的吸收的频率选择性质产生。
图4是取自由FCC在1997年7月发布的作为公告号70的“Millimeter WavePropagation: Spectrum Management Implications”中的图。图示出在各种频率以及围绕各种频率的大气中的电磁能量的显著频率选择衰减。曲线A是对于以在760 mm的压强、在20℃的温度以及在7.5 gm/立方米的含水量（75%湿度）的海平面；曲线B是对于以在海平面以上在0℃的温度和在1 gm/立方米的含水量（相对干燥空气）的4km海拔高度。图5是图4的摘选，其强调包括57-64 GHz的非授权频谱的频率范围并且示出主要由于氧气而引起频率选择的高衰减。随距离的相对高衰减能够操作以使来自其他源的干扰减少并且还限制可应答的另一个潜在干扰照明设备接合物的影响。
图6A-6C图示可在由本文论述的实施例所检测的传送中看到的频率选择衰减的示例。图6A是如传送的询问信号230（如关于图2看到的）的功率谱密度（psd）610的形状的图示。如在图6A中看到的，传送的询问信号230的psd 610在从57-64 GHz的谱区上是平坦的。图6B图示如在从传送器传播短距离之后检测和接收的询问信号230的psd 620。接收器可耦合于计算装置和处理元件，其能够测量跨越从57-64 GHz的谱区的psd 620并且发现对于检测的询问信号230的psd 620具有在从57-64 GHz的谱区中间更为显著的频率依赖减弱。该频率依赖减弱是由于频率选择大气吸收，如在图5中参考的以及与此有关的论述。图6C图示在传播比图6B中示出的大得多的距离之后另一个检测或接收询问信号230内的psd 630。接收器能够如之前论述的那样测量psd 630并且确定在从57-64 GHz的谱区的中心频率内已出现的频率依赖减弱量比对应于图6B的情况更为显著得多。
对于图6B和6C中示出的图，可由耦合于询问信号230的接收器的计算元件和处理装置执行测量来估计询问信号230从57-64 GHz谱区内的中心频率的频率依赖减弱量已传播的距离。
应注意，坐标轴上的psd的值在图A、图B和图C之间不必相同，只要psd使用相同标度（例如，dB的对数）表示。
图6D图示已传播足够距离以引起psd的频率依赖减弱（如由描绘接收询问信号的psd 640的实线所示出的）的接收询问信号640。为了估计询问信号已传播的距离D，接收器可采用与到图5的曲线中示出的选择频率吸收类似的选择频率吸收来估计询问信号将必须传播以引起在图6D中观察到的psd的频率依赖减弱的距离D。
参考图6E，对于询问信号230的检测/接收psd 640示出为实线。虚线650表示具有比由通过实线图示的psd 640所示出的衰减小的衰减的曲线。在实施例中，虚线650表示来自与到图5的曲线中示出的选择频率吸收类似的一组选择频率吸收的曲线。虚线650可视为比真实距离D小的距离D1，因为由虚线650所表示的psd在对于检测/接收询问信号230的观察psd 640以上。
参考图6F，对于询问信号230的检测/接收psd 640再次示出为实线。虚线660表示具有对于比那个示出的询问信号大的中心频率的psd 640的衰减的曲线。在实施例中，虚线660表示来自与到图5的曲线中示出的选择频率吸收类似的一组选择频率吸收的曲线。虚线660在对于询问信号230的检测/接收psd 640以下，因为在由信号所传播的更长距离D2（虚线660表示）上出现更多衰减。距离D2比真实距离D更大，因为由虚线660所示出的psd位于由询问信号的实线所示出的观察的psd 640以下。
在实施例中，传送器与接收器之间的距离D是促使具有在57-64 GHz之间的平坦psd的传送信号作为具有根据信号传播距离D所通过的大气的频率选择吸收特性而已被频率选择衰减的psd的信号被接收的那个距离。
实施例通过提供传送信号在57-64 GHz非授权频谱内传播到接收器的距离的估计来利用在该非授权频谱上大气的频率依赖吸收行为。通过具有知识或获得地理定位系统的操作的地理接近内非授权频谱的频率依赖吸收值，该信息可用来生成位置估计。频率依赖吸收值可通过由计量服务进行的测量而获得并且电子分配给地理定位系统的组件。地理定位系统获得该信息的知识的另一种方式是要将保持不变的估计输入到地理定位系统中。在许多情况下，该后面的实践可仅将微小且可接受的误差引入到处理中。与频率依赖吸收值有关的信息可用于由地理定位系统所执行的处理。
在实施例中，地理定位系统了解在57-64 GHz非授权频谱内传送的信号的功率谱密度。一旦接收信号，测量它来确定接收信号的功率谱密度。频率依赖吸收值（为地理定位系统所知）用来估计接收信号已传播的距离。通过使用频率依赖吸收值来确定信号将必须传播以促使传送的功率谱密度具有接收信号的功率谱密度的形状的距离来进行估计。
可用于在非授权57-64 GHz频谱中通信的连续带宽是7 GHz宽并且提供大量频谱。存在许多可用于传送询问信号和在共同RF频谱内应答消息的已知调制和通信协议方案。作为示例实施例，并且不作为限制，简单的双相编码直接序列（DS）扩展频谱系统。DS扩展频谱系统使用二进制值序列，其中二进制值序列的每个位称作码片（chip），并且每个码片具有cw的码片宽度或持续时间。双相编码DS扩展频谱系统的示例可在Digital Communications中John G. Proakis、McGraw-Hill，1983著的“Spread Spectrum Signals for DigitalCommunication”的章节8对于DS理论的综述内找到。“码片”在DS系统的领域内是众所周知的术语。
在实施例中，DS传送器采用结合二进制值序列的二进制相移键控（BPSK）。二进制值序列是这样的序列，其中序列中的零引起没有正弦波的相转化并且序列中的一引起相转化。执行相移键控，使得二进制值序列的边界与正弦波的过零点一致。
图7是实施例内传送信号的主瓣（lobe）的功率谱密度（PSD）710的图示。如在图6中看到的，PSD 710关于中心频率fc对称，并且跨越频率范围至，其包括信号功率的约90%。在该实施例中，对传送信号选择以在60.5 GHz的中心频率每秒3.5千兆码片的码片速率。这些参数跨57-64 GHz的整个非授权频带扩展信号的主瓣。扩展码片，二进制值的确定性但伪随机序列，将在主瓣上近似均匀地扩展信号能量。覆盖两个DS传送而在任一个的解调中未造成明显干扰的实施例是可能的，假定用于每个DS传送的码片的两个扩展序列明显去相关，其中明显去相关意味着在正常操作条件下一个DS传送将未被误认为另一个。
在实施例中，车辆可采用询问信号来询问照明设备接合物，该询问信号具有二进制值序列，例如m序列期或来自m序列期的摘选。这种序列在Data Transportation and Protection中John E. Hershey和R. K. Rao Yarlagadda、Plenum Press 1986著的章节8、对于m序列的综述的“Random and Pseudorandom Sequences”中教导。在该实施例中使用的m序列是被所有参与车辆所知和使用的唯一询问序列。它也被所有参与照明设备接合物所知。
照明设备接合物采用二进制值的另一个唯一序列作出响应。示例可以是另一个m序列期，或来自m序列期的摘选，其与车辆询问序列明显去相关。唯一序列然后与BPSK信令结合。照明设备接合物响应信号因而将展现与车辆询问信号相同的功率谱密度。唯一照明设备接合物响应序列被所有参与照明设备接合物所知和使用。它也被所有参与车辆所知。
用于确定相对于一组照明设备接合物的车辆距离的协议的实施例可以在车辆上具有通信系统（采用与前面的论述类似的方式配备），从而倾听来确保在发起询问信号之前没有传送在进行中。车辆然后向照明设备接合物发送询问信号230并且等待来自照明设备接合物中的一个或多个的响应信号。成功接收并且解调车辆询问信号的每个照明设备接合物使用与询问信号匹配的滤波器。照明设备接合物可使用多个带通滤波器对接收的询问信号采用滤波器。多个带通滤波器是这样的，以致于它们对询问信号的频谱分区。照明设备接合物可通过使多个带通滤波器的测量输出与大气衰减曲线（例如在图5中显示的那些）拟合来计算到询问车辆的距离的粗略估计。
在实施例中，照明设备接合物220可基于到询问车辆的距离的估计而保持静默一段时间。计算照明设备接合物保持静默的时间段来防止照明设备接合物的响应与来自其他照明设备接合物的响应冲突。静默间隔还可以包括随机生成的延迟。静默间隔通过照明设备接合物采用关于预加强的闭环方式向询问车辆传送响应信号而结束，即照明设备接合物220使响应DS信号的功率成形，使得车辆210将接收具有在主瓣上近似平坦的功率谱密度的DS信号。来自照明设备接合物的响应是报告照明设备接合物的地理位置以及接收询问信号到传送时间之间的时间延迟的DS传送。从照明设备接合物的DS传送使用用于响应序列数据的二进制值的序列的已知扩展，报告它的地理位置以及它等待从接收车辆询问信号到它的传送开始的时间。照明设备接合物的DS传送在发送响应序列数据后终止。
在实施例中，车辆210内的通信系统接收对询问信号230的响应240并且对其解调。来自照明设备接合物220的响应给出照明设备接合物220的地理位置以及由照明设备接合物从接收询问信号到传送响应所招致的时间延迟。计算由通过车辆传送询问信号230和从照明设备接合物220接收响应240之间的往返行程信号传播时间构成。计算的结果用来确定车辆到响应的照明设备接合物220的相对位置。通信系统使用结合车辆210到响应的照明设备接合物220的相对位置的响应照明设备接合物220的报告位置来确定车辆210的位置。
在另一个实施例中，通信系统还可以提供有多普勒系统。如果车辆正移动，则多普勒系统能够响应于由照明设备接合物发送的询问信号来提供存在的多普勒的估计并且确定响应的照明设备接合物是在车辆前面还是后面。
对位置确定应用采用宽带毫米波通信的实施例可具有附加益处。这些中的一个是多径问题的减轻。这是因为多径射线中的许多大大超出扩展序列码片长度的距离。为了抵消例如通过离开车辆主体的反射所产生的任意非常短的多径，在位于传送孔（aperture）前方的反射区域上使用RF吸收材料可以是很好的工程实践，或使用具有以低轴比的圆偏振天线的圆偏振传送可以是很好的实践。
在另外的实施例中，来自照明设备接合物220的响应240可携带对车辆有用的信息，例如路况、交通延迟和事故。如在图8中图示的，这种信息能够通过扩展照明设备接合物响应信息信号800来输送。
在又一个实施例中，车辆210可生成第二信号，其能够输送要由接收照明设备接合物220插入到网络中的消息。在该实施例中，来自车辆的信号能够是与车辆询问信号相同的功率谱密度特性的DS信号，但与为照明设备接合物所知并且与由车辆询问器和照明设备接合物响应信号所使用的二进制值序列不同的唯一二进制值序列结合。
在另一个实施例中，一些系统将处理和拖运对于其他基础设施系统的通信。这些消息可要求关注（care）的更高标准，确保交付或非交付通知。当街灯光信令网络正处理这些消息时，它可根据要求采用严格问责制来调用包处理（packet－handling）协议用于保证交付和发起重传。
本文所述的方法和系统的示范技术效果包含：(a) 基于组件的构建参数来生成熔融池；(b) 检测由熔融池所生成的光信号，以测量熔融池的大小或温度；以及(c) 基于熔融池的大小或温度实时地修改构建参数，以实现组件的预期物理性质。
一些实施例涉及一个或多个电子或计算装置的使用。这类装置通常包含处理器或控制器，例如不限于通用中央处理单元(CPU)、图形处理单元(GPU)、微控制器、现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)、简化指令集计算机(RISC)处理器、专用集成电路(ASIC)、可编程逻辑电路(PLC)和/或能够运行本文所述功能的任何其他电路或处理器。
本文所述的方法可编码为体现在包含不限于存储装置和/或存储器装置的计算机可读媒介中的可运行指令。这类指令在由处理器运行时使该处理器执行本文所述方法的至少一部分。上述示例只是示范性的，并且因而并不意图以任何方式限制术语处理器的定义和/或含意。
上面详细描述了用于增强制作加成制造组件的构建参数的示范实施例。设备、系统和方法并不局限于本文所述的具体实施例，而是可与本文所述的其他操作或组件单独地或独立地利用方法的操作和系统的组件。例如，本文所述的系统、方法和设备可具有其他工业或消费者应用，并且不局限于采用如本文所述电子组件的实施。一个或多个实施例而是可结合其他工业来实现和利用。
虽然本发明的各个实施例的具体特征可在一些附图中示出而在其他附图中未示出，但是这只是为了方便。按照本发明的原理，可与任何其他附图的任何特征结合参考或要求保护附图的任何特征。
本书面描述使用包括最佳模式的示例来公开本发明，并且使本领域的技术人员能够实施本发明，包括制作和使用任何装置或系统，以及执行任何结合方法。本发明的专利范围由权利要求书来定义，并且可包括本领域的技术人员想到的其他示例。如果这类其他示例具有与权利要求的文字语言完全相同的结构单元，或者如果它们包括具有与权利要求的文字语言的非实质差异的等效结构单元，则预计它们处于权利要求的范围之内。

Claims (17)

1.一种用于识别地理定位系统内的位置的方法，该方法包括：
从车辆传送询问信号；
由在至少一个智能街灯上的照明设备接合物检测所述询问信号，其中所述智能街灯了解由所述车辆传送的所述询问信号的预定功率谱密度形状；
发送来自所述智能街灯的响应；
由所述车辆接收所述响应；
测量所述照明设备接合物使用的多个带通滤波器的输出进而经由所述照明设备接合物检测的所述询问信号来估计所述车辆在所述地理定位系统内的位置。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，进一步包括在传送之前倾听来确定不存在干扰信号。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述询问和所述响应信号是在57-64 GHz频谱内的直接序列（DS）扩展频谱信号。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法，进一步包括：
在检测后测量由所述智能街灯接收的所述询问信号的功率谱密度来确定如与用来传送所述询问信号的所述预定功率谱密度形状相比由所述智能街灯接收的所述询问信号的所述功率谱密度的形状中的差异；以及
通过确定作为创建所述功率谱密度的所述形状中的所述差异所要求的距离的函数的衰减来确定通过由所述智能街灯接收的所述询问信号所传播的距离。
5.如权利要求4所述的方法，其中测量进一步包括将来自多个带通滤波器的输出与所述预定功率谱密度形状比较。
6.如权利要求3所述的方法，其中发送进一步包括使所述响应DS信号的功率成形，使得所述车辆将接收具有在所述DS信号的主瓣上近似平坦的响应信号功率谱密度的DS信号。
7.如权利要求3所述的方法，进一步包括使用操作耦合于所述车辆的计算装置来计算以计算所述询问信号的车辆传送与来自所述智能街灯的所述响应接收之间的往返行程信号传播时间。
8.如权利要求7所述的方法，其中所述响应携带所述车辆相对于所述智能街灯的定位估计并且所述计算装置使用所述定位估计和所述往返行程信号传播时间来估计所述车辆的位置。
9.如权利要求1所述的方法，进一步包括开创第二信号的所述车辆，所述第二信号由所述智能街灯接收并且插入到通信网络中。
10.一种用于识别地理定位系统内的位置的系统，其包括：
车辆，具有操作耦合于传送器的通信系统，所述传送器配置成传送询问信号；
至少一个街灯，具有检测所述询问信号并且发送响应信号的照明设备接合物；
接收器，操作耦合于所述通信系统，所述接收器接收所述响应信号；以及
计算装置，操作耦合于所述通信系统，所述计算装置计算所述询问信号的传送与所述响应信号的接收之间的时间段；
其中所述照明设备接合物具有配置成估计从所述车辆到所述照明设备接合物的距离的处理装置；其中所述处理装置通过测量由所述照明设备接合物检测的所述询问信号的功率谱密度的形状来估计所述距离并且将所述形状与如传送的所述询问信号的功率谱密度形状的先验知识比较。
11.如权利要求10所述的系统，其中所述询问和所述响应信号是在57-64 GHz频谱内的直接序列（DS）扩展频谱信号。
12.如权利要求11所述的系统，其中所述处理装置将由所述照明设备接合物检测的所述询问信号的所述功率谱密度的所述形状与指示在所述57-64 GHz频谱内的由信号传播的距离的功率谱密度比较。
13.如权利要求11所述的系统，其中所述照明设备接合物使所述响应DS信号的功率成形，使得所述车辆将接收具有在所述DS信号的主瓣上近似平坦的响应信号功率谱密度的DS信号。
14.如权利要求10所述的系统，其中所述响应携带所述车辆相对于所述照明设备接合物的定位估计并且所述计算装置使用所述定位估计和所述时间段来估计所述车辆的估计位置。
15.如权利要求10所述的系统，进一步包括倾听传送的所述通信系统并且其中所述传送器等待传送所述询问信号直到没有可检测传送。
16.如权利要求10所述的系统，进一步包括开创由所述照明设备接合物接收并且插入到通信网络中的第二信号的所述通信系统。
17.如权利要求10所述的系统，其中来自所述照明设备接合物的所述响应携带对车辆有用的信息。
CN201480073800.4A 2013-11-21 2014-11-21 地理定位辅助和系统 Expired - Fee Related CN105917247B (zh)

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