CN105917396A - 紧急车辆警报系统 - Google Patents

紧急车辆警报系统 Download PDF

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CN105917396A
CN105917396A CN201480073798.0A CN201480073798A CN105917396A CN 105917396 A CN105917396 A CN 105917396A CN 201480073798 A CN201480073798 A CN 201480073798A CN 105917396 A CN105917396 A CN 105917396A
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CN105917396B (zh
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M.J.哈特曼
B.G.巴内特
J.E.赫希
M.J.德尔安诺
S.索罗
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Karent Lighting Solutions Co ltd
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General Electric Co
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H04W4/40—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes for vehicles, e.g. vehicle-to-pedestrians [V2P]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B47/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light sources in general, i.e. where the type of light source is not relevant
    • H05B47/10—Controlling the light source
    • H05B47/105—Controlling the light source in response to determined parameters
    • H05B47/115—Controlling the light source in response to determined parameters by determining the presence or movement of objects or living beings
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    • H05B47/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light sources in general, i.e. where the type of light source is not relevant
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B47/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light sources in general, i.e. where the type of light source is not relevant
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    • H05B47/175—Controlling the light source by remote control
    • H05B47/19—Controlling the light source by remote control via wireless transmission
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F21W2131/103—Outdoor lighting of streets or roads
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    • G01S11/00—Systems for determining distance or velocity not using reflection or reradiation
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Abstract

通过位于附近的紧急车辆对交通信号灯进行控制并且发信号的方法及系统。能够由交通信号灯检测紧急车辆，从而允许紧急车辆具有优先、快速、无阻碍并且安全的紧急车辆运输。

Description

紧急车辆警报系统
对相关申请的交叉引用
本申请是2013年11月21日提交的美国临时专利申请序号No.61/907069、61/907078、61/907090、61/907114、61/907133、61/907150、61/907168、61/907188以及61/907210的非临时申请并且要求其权益，将其全部内容通过引用而合并于本文中。
背景
在城市地区，交通量持续增加。在已经拥挤的城市中，这不断增加的交通量持续阻碍紧急车辆运输。对于驾驶车辆通过城市的紧急应答者的一个非常重要的能力是控制正好在其路径中的交通灯的能力。提出了涉及通信的许多系统，以例示该能力，但它们全都遇到包括干扰和对一些车辆电子器件的周期维护的需要的各种问题。
因此，存在对于一种系统的需要，该系统对于干扰是鲁棒的（robust），不要求诸如电池更换的周期维护，并且在紧急应答者方面不要求显著的努力来控制交通灯，并且极端地（majorly）被分散。
发明内容
交通灯控制系统及方法，其中，交通信号器能够生成并且传送57-64 GHz的频带内的信号，并且，接收器能够接收对信号的响应。计算装置包含在交通信号器内，计算装置与接收器通信耦合，以提供分析对信号的响应来确定指定条件是否存在的处理能力。
附图说明
图1是毫米波大气衰减的图表；
图2是图1的图表的一部分；
图3图示根据一个实施例的应答场景；
图4图示DS扩频信号的功率谱密度；
图5是无源应答器的实施例。
具体实施方式
针对未经许可的操作通过57-64 GHz的频谱分配而可获得供在美国使用的用于启动紧急车辆警报系统的适合电磁频谱。电磁频谱的这非常大的连续的部分具有启动紧急车辆以控制交通控制系统的优越的属性。在实施例中，启动由紧急车辆所携带的无源应答器，以将可获得的57-64 GHz的频谱分配内的信号反射回到指示紧急车辆在附近的信号的源。源可以是作为自含式本地化交通控制系统的交通信号器。系统不一定需要依赖于集中式交通控制基础设施；然而，设想使本地交通控制系统与集中式交通控制系统协调的系统。
图1取自FCC在1997年7月作为公报号70而发布的“Millimeter WavePropagation:Spectrum Management Implications”。该图示出大气中的电磁能量的显著的衰减。曲线A针对以在20°C的温度、在760 mm的压力且在7.5 gm/立方米的含水量（75%湿度）的海平面；曲线B针对以在0°C的温度且在1 gm/立方米的含水量（相对干燥的空气）的海平面上方4 km的海拔高度。图2是强调包含未经许可的频谱的频率范围并示出主要地由于氧气而引起的频率选择衰减的图1的摘选（extract）。
如在图1和图2中所看到的，存在57-64 GHz的毫米波频谱的随距离而发生的相对高的衰减。该高衰减能够争取降低来自其他源的干扰、限制潜在干扰的应答器的数量并提供杂波抑制。供系统使用的在57-64 GHz的频谱分配内可获得的带宽量是7 GHz宽、大量的频谱。存在非常多用于执行应答活动的调制及协议方案。
本文中所教导的无源应答器可以是可以安装于紧急车辆的顶部的装置。无源应答器可以包括一对角反射器，这一对角反射器以距离D间隔开且被取向以使入射到角反射器上的毫米波RF信号的雷达截面最大化。在实施例中，反射器的取向设计成将从其中紧急车辆行进的方向入射的毫米波RF信号反射。
图3图解示例的场景。警车350在街道310上朝向交通信号器320行进。交通信号器320具有天线330，天线330能够传送讯问信号并接收那些讯问信号的反射的部分。天线330可以安装于交通信号器320的顶部，并且在操作上与包含在交通信号器320内的传送器及接收器设备连接。天线330可以配置成通过传送可以被对准目标的装置接收的57-64 GHz的频谱分配内的讯问信号而讯问装置。接收讯问信号的对准目标的装置可以根据不同的实施例而以多种方式之一响应于接收。在实施例中，对准目标的装置可以是无源应答器360。图3示出警车350，其中在警车350上安装无源应答器360。通过交通信号器320发送讯问信号来启动无源应答器360，该讯问信号被无源应答器360反射。所反射的讯问信号的部分被交通信号器320接收。交通信号器320内的计算元件能够对反射的讯问信号的所接收的部分执行信号处理。由交通信号器320所传送的天线方向图（antenna pattern）讯问信号表示为阴影区340。
安装在警车上的无源应答器360可以包括分离距离D的一对所架设的角反射器。因此，进一步朝向警车350的后面的反射器将接收由朝向警车350的前面的反射器接收的相同讯问信号，但延迟D/c，其中，c是光速。
作为示例，但不作为限制，由交通信号器320所传送的讯问信号可以是简单二相编码的直接序列（DS）扩频信号。常见的技术是要构建周期扩频信号，其中，s（t）表示周期扩频信号的一个周期。通过选择乘以为正一和负一的码片的序列的许多周期的正弦波的T时间单位长的段而形成周期扩频信号。
在实施例中，讯问信号内的码片的序列可以选择成具有自相关，该自相关通过自相关的零偏移点周围的尖锐尖峰（sharp spike）和低幅值的旁瓣表征。将可通过由包含在交通信号器320内的计算装置所执行的处理来检测具体的码片序列。处理可以通过使讯问信号与作为讯问信号的反射的部分的所接收的信号互相关来检测讯问信号的反射的部分内的自相关尖峰。
在另一实施例中，讯问信号内的码片的序列可以选择成具有与在57-64 GHz的频谱中操作的其他DS信号的互相关的低的最大绝对值，以便避免往来于在57-64 GHz的频谱中操作的其他DS信号的显著的干扰。
在另一实施例中，讯问信号使码片的正一和负一的序列与许多周期的正弦波的段对准，使得正一和负一的序列的过渡时间与许多周期的正弦波的长的T时间单位的段的零交叉对准。通过连结s（t）的一个或多个周期来构建针对本示例而形成的讯问信号。
图4略述码片宽度cw内的周期扩频信号的主瓣的功率谱密度410。主瓣关于中心频率f c 而对称，并且，跨越频率范围到。主瓣包含信号的功率的大约90%。例如，以在中心频率为60.5 GHz的每秒3.5千兆码片的码片速率跨整个未经许可的带扩展信号的主瓣。扩展的码片，二进制值的确定性但伪随机的序列，将在主瓣上大致均匀地扩展信号能量。在每秒3.5千兆码片的信号速率，存在每米11.667码片。如果D例如选择为0.3米，则从反射器朝向警车后面的反射将从来自反射器朝向警车前面的反射延迟7码片。
在实施例中，与交通信号器320相关联的接收器可以在操作上与交通信号器320内的计算装置耦合，该计算装置连续地使讯问信号的周期与所接收的信号互相关，并且，将处理的成果（returns）堆叠。该堆叠通过周期性地其相继的重叠求和来形成互相关的平均值，并且，导致互相关的噪声减轻，使得以7码片时间隔开的两个互相关尖峰将起因于（riseout of）杂波和噪声。互相关尖峰意味着附近存在应答的紧急车辆，从而允许交通灯内的计算元件设置应答的紧急车辆的状态。在实施例中，应答的紧急车辆的状态可使交通灯进入紧急模式。在实施例中，紧急模式可以简单地使交通信号器在每个方向上变成红色。
在实施例中，计算元件可以执行系统处理，以估计紧急车辆的位置、方向以及/或速度。设想其中将紧急车辆的位置、速度以及方向记录和/或报告给中央控制系统的实施例。
为了更好地克服杂波，并且，在降低误报警的可能性的同时，提高检测的可能性，实施例可以使用具有带有低轴比的圆极化天线的圆极化传送。在实施例中，专门为角反射器定尺寸。角反射器的作用的适当模型是通过雷达公式化（formulation）。具有共同的边长L的三角形角反射器的最大雷达截面（RCS）σ是，其中，λ是波长。
在实施例中，如果诸如警车中的警官的紧急应答者希望启动无源应答器，并由此启动紧急车辆，以响应于交通灯的讯问并进入其紧急模式，则紧急应答者可以手动地启动无源应答器。这可以按照多种方式进行。在一个实施例中，紧急应答者释放机械闩锁，机械闩锁使反射器架设，使得它们将到达车辆的前面的电磁能量反射。
在另一实施例中，如图5A和图5B所图示，紧急应答者将附连到金属板的环向下拉。
在通过这些图示而示出的实施例中，无源应答器位于电磁透明壳体510中，壳体510给无源应答器提供某种掩蔽，使无源应答器不受诸如风和雨的要素的影响。一对基本上相同的角反射器520和530被安装，使得其中心沿着朝向交通灯的讯问器取向的线分离距离D。
在实施例中，角反射器可以被定位，使得后部反射器，离警车前面最远的反射器，未被另一反射器明显地遮蔽。在图5A和图5B中，后部反射器位于比另一反射器更高的位置处。
在实施例中，一块RF毫米波不透明材料540位于角反射器520的孔前面且跨越该孔。当材料540如此定位时，将不存在从角反射器520明显地反射。为了启动无源应答器，通过继续拉附连的环550而将该块材料540拉出正轨（pull out of the way）。
在另一实施例中，可以通过电动机械部件激活无源应答器。
其他实施例可以提供紧急车辆中的应答器的更自动化的激活。例如，在一个实施例中，诸如使用警报器或激活闪光信号灯的事件的发生可以进而激活应答器。在另一实施例中，可以由诸如紧急车辆内侧的开关的机构激活应答器。
虽然在本文中仅图示并描述本发明的某些特征，但本领域技术人员将想到许多修改和改变。因此，要理解，所附权利要求意图涵盖如落入在本发明的真实精神内的所有的这类修改和改变。
在另一实施例中，一些系统将处理并拖运用于其他基础设施系统的通信。这些消息可要求关注（care）的更高标准，从而确保交付或非交付的通知。当街灯光学信令网络处理这些消息时，该网络可以以严格的责任调用数据包处理协议用于根据要求而保证交付并发起重新传送。
本文所述的方法和系统的示范技术效果包括：(a) 基于组件的构建参数来生成熔融池；(b) 检测由熔融池所生成的光学信号，以测量熔融池的大小或温度；以及(c) 基于熔融池的大小或温度实时地修改构建参数，以实现组件的预期物理性质。
一些实施例涉及一个或多个电子或计算装置的使用。这类装置通常包括处理器或控制器，例如不限于通用中央处理单元(CPU)、图形处理单元(GPU)、微控制器、现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)、简化指令集计算机(RISC)处理器、专用集成电路(ASIC)、可编程逻辑电路(PLC)和/或能够运行本文所述功能的任何其他电路或处理器。
本文所述的方法可编码为体现在包括不限于存储装置和/或存储器装置的计算机可读媒介中的可运行指令。这类指令在由处理器运行时使该处理器执行本文所述方法的至少一部分。上述示例只是示范性的，并且因而并不意图以任何方式限制术语处理器的定义和/或含意。
上面详细描述了用于增强制作加成制造组件的构建参数的示范实施例。设备、系统和方法并不局限于本文所述的具体实施例，而是可与本文所述的其他操作或组件单独地或独立地利用方法的操作和系统的组件。例如，本文所述的系统、方法和设备可具有其他工业或消费者应用，并且不局限于采用如本文所述电子组件的实施。一个或多个实施例而是可结合其他工业来实现和利用。
虽然本发明的各个实施例的具体特征可在一些附图中示出而在其他附图中未示出，但是这只是为了方便。按照本发明的原理，可与任何其他附图的任何特征结合参考或要求保护附图的任何特征。
本书面描述使用包括最佳模式的示例来公开本发明，并且使本领域的技术人员能够实施本发明，包括制作和使用任何装置或系统，以及执行任何合并方法。本发明的可取得专利范围由权利要求书来定义，并且可包括本领域的技术人员想到的其他示例。如果这类其他示例具有与权利要求的文字语言完全相同的结构单元，或者如果它们包括具有与权利要求的文字语言的非实质差异的等效结构单元，则预计它们处于权利要求的范围之内。

Claims (20)

1.一种交通灯控制系统，包含：
至少一个交通信号器设备；
信号发生器，包含在所述交通信号器设备内，所述信号发生器生成57-64 GHz的频带内的信号；
传送器，包含在所述交通信号器设备内，所述传送器传送所述信号；
接收器，包含在所述交通信号器设备内，所述接收器接收对所述信号的响应；以及
计算装置，包含在所述交通信号器设备内，所述计算装置与所述接收器通信耦合，分析对所述信号的所述响应以确定指定条件是否存在。
2.如权利要求1所述的交通灯控制系统，其中，如果所述指定条件存在，则所述计算装置设置所述交通信号器的紧急模式。
3.如权利要求1所述的交通灯控制系统，其中，所述信号发生器生成具有占据所述57-64 GHz带的大部分的主瓣的直接序列扩频信号。
4.如权利要求1所述的系统，其中，接收的响应是所传送的信号的反射。
5.如权利要求4所述的交通灯控制系统，进一步包含分离距离D的一对架设式反射器，所述一对架设式反射器生成所述反射。
6.如权利要求5所述的交通灯控制系统，其中，所述计算装置通过连续地使所述所传送的信号与所述接收的响应互相关并且使所述互相关堆叠而处理所述反射。
7.如权利要求6所述的交通灯控制系统，其中，所述指定条件是在所堆叠的互相关中两个尖峰的存在，其中，所述尖峰在时间方面分离两倍所述距离D除以光速。
8.如权利要求1所述的交通灯控制系统，其中，所述指定条件是自相关的零偏移点周围的尖锐的尖峰和低幅值的旁瓣。
9.如权利要求1所述的交通灯控制系统，其中，所述指定条件是所述信号的反射的部分内的正一和负一的序列和具有许多周期的正弦波的所述信号内的段被对准，使得正一和负一的所述序列的过渡时间与所述段内的所述正弦波的零交叉对准。
10.如权利要求1所述的交通灯控制系统，其中，响应于紧急车辆接收所述信号而由所述紧急车辆生成所述响应。
11.一种用于交通灯控制的方法，包含：
使至少一个交通信号器装备有信号发生器；
生成57-64 GHz的频带内的信号；
传送所述信号；
接收对所述信号的响应；
进一步使所述至少一个交通信号器装备有用于处理接收的响应的计算装置；
处理所述响应以确定指定条件是否存在；以及
根据确定所述指定条件存在，控制所述至少一个交通信号器。
12.如权利要求11所述的方法，其中，生成57-64 GHz的频带内的所述信号进一步包含生成具有占据所述57-64 GHz带的大部分的主瓣的直接序列扩频信号。
13.如权利要求11所述的方法，其中，控制进一步包含如果所述响应的所述处理确定所述指定条件的所述存在，则设置所述交通信号器的紧急模式。
14.如权利要求11所述的方法，其中，接收所述响应进一步包含接收所传送的信号的反射。
15.如权利要求14所述的方法，进一步包含将一对反射器架设于紧急车辆上，其中，所述反射器分离距离D，所述一对反射器生成所述反射。
16.如权利要求15所述的方法，其中，处理进一步包含由所述计算装置处理所述反射，以连续地使所述所传送的信号与所述所接收的响应互相关并且使互相关堆叠。
17.如权利要求16所述的方法，其中，处理进一步包含通过揭示在所堆叠的互相关中存在两个尖峰而确定所述指定条件的所述存在，其中，所述尖峰在时间方面分离两倍所述距离D除以光速。
18.如权利要求14所述的方法，其中，处理进一步包含确定在所述反射内是否满足所述指定条件，其中，所述指定条件是所述信号的反射的部分内的正一和负一的序列和具有许多周期的正弦波的所述信号内的段被对准，使得正一和负一的所述序列的过渡时间与所述段内的所述正弦波的零交叉对准。
19.如权利要求18所述的方法，其中，处理进一步包含处理所述反射，以连续地使所述反射的处理的成果去相关且非相干地堆叠，以便识别以预定的数量的码片时间隔开的相关尖峰。
20.如权利要求11所述的方法，其中，响应于紧急车辆接收所述信号而由所述紧急车辆生成所述响应。
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