CN105612986A - Planting method of selenium-rich pitaya - Google Patents
Planting method of selenium-rich pitaya Download PDFInfo
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- CN105612986A CN105612986A CN201510972669.1A CN201510972669A CN105612986A CN 105612986 A CN105612986 A CN 105612986A CN 201510972669 A CN201510972669 A CN 201510972669A CN 105612986 A CN105612986 A CN 105612986A
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/40—Liliopsida [monocotyledons]
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/40—Liliopsida [monocotyledons]
- A01N65/48—Zingiberaceae [Ginger family], e.g. ginger or galangal
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- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
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Abstract
The invention discloses a planting method of selenium-rich pitaya. The planting method is characterized by comprising steps as follows: land selection, seedling culture, field planting, pruning and trimming, nutrient and water management, orchard management and pest control. The planting method adopts advanced tillage, fertilizer and insecticide technology such as selenium-rich bio-organic fertilizer, selenium-rich organic-liquid active fertilizer, organic fertilizer, a smashing ridge machine and the like, so that soil environment is effectively improved, the content of organic matters and selenium in soil is greatly increased, the selenium content of the planted pitaya is high, the pitaya yield is high, the detection indicates that the selenium content of the pitaya is 0.40-0.50 mg/kg, furthermore, according to the insecticide technology adopting botanical insecticides and botanical fungicides, the better insecticidal efficacy is realized while nutrition is guaranteed, and the economic benefit is very obvious.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the cultural method of industrial crops, particularly to the implantation methods of a kind of selenium-rich Hylocereus undatus.
Background technology
Hylocereus undatus(HylocereusundulatusBritt.), Hylocereus undatus is also referred to as Hylocereus undatus, Herba Passiflorae Foetidae, celestial mamoncillo, Yu Longguo; For the fruit of Cactaceae Hylocereus undatus platymiscium Hylocereus undatus, originating in Mexico and Brazil of Central-south America, artificial culture history has the centuries. The peel of the Hylocereus undatus peel length that takes on a red color has red elongated scale, and sarcocarp is evenly distributed with the seed of Semen Sesami shape, and the color of sarcocarp has white, yellow, redness, fruit and stem all edibles. In each hectogram dragon fruit pulp, moisture content 82.55 grams, carotene 6.1 grams, crude fat 0.17 gram, 0.81 gram of protein, crude fibre 1.21 grams, carbohydrate 13.91 grams, heat 59.65 kilocalories, dietary fiber 1.62 grams, vitamin C 3.8 grams, 2.83 grams of fructose, glucose 7.83 grams, calcium 5.45 milligrams, 24.6 milligrams of phosphorus, ferrum 0.552 milligram and lot of anthocyanin (red meat fruit kind is the richest), aqueous soluble dietary albumen, phytalbumin etc. Hylocereus undatus is sweet flat, and main nutrient composition has protein, dietary fiber, vitamin B2, vitamin B3, vitamin C, ferrum, phosphorus, magnesium, potassium etc., and the phase of abounding with is June to November. According to the research theory of relevant expert, scholar, why health is had medicinal significantly and health-care effect by Hylocereus undatus, is mainly special effect of the Hylocereus undatus three kind material compositions rarer than general plant. These three material composition respectively " vegetable albumin ", " anthocyanidin ", " Polydextrose ". The existence of these three material composition content containing multivitamin, several amino acids in addition is abundanter than general fruit and vegerable class, thus the mankind are more useful.
Hylocereus undatus strong adaptability, economizing in China Taiwan, Guangxi, Guangdong, Hainan, Fujian, Jiangxi etc. and all can plant, soil is required strict by Hylocereus undatus, and the more ground of level land, hilly ground, mountain region, seashore sand ground, tor mud ground, salinity all can be planted, temperature is more sensitive, and happiness heat is afraid of cold; Therefore, plant Hylocereus undatus, how to overcome variations in temperature, moisture to lack, the problem such as soil condition is poor, soil water-reataining fertilizer-keeping ability. Meanwhile, selecting which kind of kind plantation is also the problem needing to need further exist for solving. Additionally, in artificial growth Hylocereus undatus process, owing to using inorganic chemical fertilizer in a large number, the insecticide of the multiple high toxicity that sprays, drug effect length, make the residual quantity severe overweight of chemical fertilizer in Hylocereus undatus, pesticide, after such food is eaten by people, to remain heavy metal in human body, the life security of people in meeting serious harm.
Additionally, selenium is indispensable trace element in human body, selenium and vitamin E are both anti-peroxidation material (peroxide is harmful), also demonstrate that it has therapeutical effect to lacking the underfed child that protein causes, the carcinogen that some is possible is had resistant function. Human body lacks the performance of selenium and is mainly alopecia, piptonychia, and some patients occurs that skin symptom, small number of patients may occur in which nervous symptoms and tooth loss. People is slight or moderate lacks selenium, and its sign or symptom are inconspicuous. Human body lacks the issuable disease of selenium: energy deficiency malnutrition, blood hemolytic anemia, Keshan disease, Kaschin-Beck disease, hypertension, ischemic heart desease, liver cirrhosis, pancreatitis, fibroma, cancer, muscular tumor, not pregnant disease, diabetes, cataract etc. World Health Organization (WHO) has appreciated that the harm of scarce selenium, so various selenium supplement health product produce in a large number, but, for increasingly pursuing the modern of health, it is highly desirable that replace building up one's health by taking tonic by tonic. In recent years, along with the enhancing of people's health care consciousness and the lifting to the selenium degree of awareness, selenium-rich agricultural byproducts have been widely accepted and have admitted, and form a kind of upsurge pursuing selenium-rich product, and therefore research selenium-rich Fructus Mangifera Indicae has great importance.
At present, for the method that plantation selenium-rich Hylocereus undatus all adopts foliage-spray inorganic selenium, clearly, first foliage-spray requires that selenium fertilizer comparision contents is high to its shortcoming, and the selenium fertilizer of high concentration adds with fertile cost; Secondly because foliage-spray, selenium fertilizer is easy to trickle down to field, thus field runoff water and soil is caused very big waste; Again, often resulting in inorganic selenium residual quantity big, and body is had obvious toxic action by inorganic selenium, safety is relatively low, it is impossible to for the production of organic Se-rich agricultural product.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of invention is to provide the implantation methods of a kind of Hylocereus undatus, and inorganic selenium fertilizer is utilized the organic selenium fertilization that fermentation obtains to impose on Fructus Mangifera Indicae by this implantation methods, thus increasing the Se content of Fructus Mangifera Indicae, increases substantially the quality of Fructus Mangifera Indicae, and economic benefit is very notable.
The implantation methods of the Hylocereus undatus of the present invention comprises the following steps:
A kind of implantation methods of selenium-rich Hylocereus undatus, it is characterised in that: include wholely, nursery, field planting, trimming and finishing, rich water quality management, orchard management and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control step; And adopting Se-enriched bio-organic fertilizer and selenium-rich organic liquid active fertilizer that Hylocereus undatus is applied fertilizer, every plant executes 0.5-2kg Se-enriched bio-organic fertilizer and 0.5-1kg selenium-rich organic liquid active fertilizer;
Described Se-enriched bio-organic fertilizer material composition and parts by weight be ecological sheep stool 60-85 part, paulownia bran 10-20 part, peat composed of rotten mosses 5-15 part, the micro-fertilizer of selenium or selenium mineral powder 0.5-2 part, bacillus subtilis and/or actinomycetes live bacteria agent 0.5-3 part;
Described selenium-rich organic liquid active fertilizer includes the raw material of following parts by weight and makes: Folium Agaves Sisalanae waste water 50-60 part, molasses 25-30 part, analysis for soybean powder 10-15 part, Catergen-4 parts, the micro-fertilizer of selenium or selenium mineral powder 0.5-2 part and yeast 0.1-0.5 part.
Described is wholely: select loose ventilative, draining is good, water conservation moisture retention is strong, silt content is the sandy soil plantation of 50-70%, with the mixed fermented product improvement soil of Chinese medicine slag, pig, cattle and sheep feces and probiotic bacteria, and adopt powder ridge machine powder ridge wholely, mixed fermented product is spread on ground, utilizes the deep rotary tillage in powder ridge to be mixed in soil by fertilizer.
Described nursery is: adopt cuttage mode to carry out nursery, annual above aging, robust growth, rear fruitful branch of adopting without pest and disease damage is selected to cut, by the Seedling anvil that its cutting back is 25-30cm, with cutter, plantation end is whittled into wedge, taking out inversion after soaking 1-2 minute with 600 times of carbendazim solutions of dilution again and be placed on shady and cool ventilation place 2-3 hour, then cuttage is in loose, ventilative, moistening sandy loam seedbed.
Described field planting is: annual 3-4 month field planting, during field planting, should being first placed at the bottom of cave by weeds during backfill soil, table soil and subsoil mix with the fertilizer of equivalent respectively to be filled out back, backfill soil face should be higher than that 3 centimetres of ground, waits the fertilizer in plant hole and soil shrinkage can carry out field planting after stablizing.
Described trimming and finishing is: after Hylocereus undatus field planting, pinching when stem length to 1.5-1.8m, and its top short grows side shoot, and every is stayed bud 3, top of breaking again when sprouting length to 1.5m, inspires second branch; Yield positive results the phase, the lateral bud sprouted new on bear fruit branch and nutrition branch is all dredged and goes, also to dredge all of alabastrum on nutrition branch simultaneously.
Described rich water quality management is: spread fertilizer over the fields bottom the cave dug before field planting 1-2kg fertilizer and 0.5-1kg Se-enriched bio-organic fertilizer mixing after as base manure, fertile in the mixing of the fertilizer and Se-enriched bio-organic fertilizer of executing Accelerate bloom at the beginning of annual by the end of March or 4 months, thank spend after fruiting period use selenium-rich organic liquid active fertilizer as topdressing, and coordinate impose appropriate azophoska with extra-nutrition element.
Described orchard management is: control the spring tip, summer shoot of erasing, and protects leaf flower and fruit protecting, flower and fruit thinning after steady fruit, strengthens tree vigo(u)r, cultivates strong tree; Malformed fruit, sick fruit disease are spent timely pruning, it has been found that having and be short of seedling, should reseed in time, the plant reseeded to be strengthened management.
The described prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control is to the preventing and treating piling wax mealybug, red spider, Formica fusca, Limax, shot hole, anthrax, anthrax, droop; Use plant insecticide preventing and treating Hylocereus undatus insect pest, use botanical fungicide preventing and treating Hylocereus undatus disease.
Further, described probiotic bacteria is two or more in yeast, bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, lactic acid bacteria, trichoderma, actinomycetes.
Further, the material composition of described fertilizer and parts by weight are organic 30-60 part, crop Fructus Citri tangerinae stalk 15-20 part, Fructus Ananadis comosi waste residue 15-20 part, human faecal mass 5-10 part, waste residue of Chinese herbs 5-10 part, aminoacids complex 2-4 part and humic acid 2-4 part.
Further, the production method of described Se-enriched bio-organic fertilizer comprises the following steps: by weight by ecology sheep stool, paulownia bran, peat composed of rotten mosses mix homogeneously, obtain mixture; Adding the micro-fertilizer of selenium or selenium mineral powder, bacillus subtilis and/or the actinomycetes live bacteria agent of parts by weight in the mixture, control moisture at 35%-50%, mix homogeneously, build heap, fermentation 15-20 days, can obtain Se-enriched bio-organic fertilizer at normal temperatures.
Further, the material composition of described plant insecticide and parts by weight are: Rhizoma Alpiniae Officinarum 25-35 part, Pericarpium Zanthoxyli 20-30 part, Nicotiana tabacum L. 10-15 part, lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus) 5-10 part, Folium Ginkgo 2-4 part, Flos Caryophylli 2-4 part, fruit 2-4 part of washing one's hands.
Further, the material composition of described botanical fungicide and parts by weight are: Herba Macleayae Cordatae 25-35 part, Radix Sophorae Flavescentis 20-30 part, Folium Baeckeae 10-15 part, Desmos chinensis 5-10 part, Semen Arecae 5-10 part, Omphalia 2-4 part, Herba Sophorae alopecuroidis 2-4 part, fruit 2-4 part of washing one's hands.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, the Hylocereus undatus of present invention plantation has features such as growing fast, product fruit is fast, flowers and fruits are very large, result is many, receipts phase length, selenium content are high, really matter good yield is high, the fruit phase disperses, fruit storage tolerance.
2, the selenium-rich Hylocereus undatus of the inventive method plantation, the organic selenium fertilization that fermentation obtains is utilized to impose on Hylocereus undatus inorganic selenium fertilizer, selenium element is made easily to be absorbed fully by Hylocereus undatus, the Se content of the Hylocereus undatus planted out is high and Hylocereus undatus yield is high, after testing in Hylocereus undatus Se content at 0.40-0.50mg/kg.
3, cultural method of the present invention adopts the advanced farming such as Se-enriched bio-organic fertilizer, selenium-rich organic liquid active fertilizer, fertilizer, powder ridge machine, fertilizer and deinsectization evil technology, not only it is effectively improved soil property environment, soil with organic matter and Se content are greatly increased, and adopt plant insecticide and botanical fungicide deinsectization evil technology, while ensureing nutrition, also act good insecticidal effect.
4, the present invention adopts plant insecticide and botanical fungicide are formed by herbaceous plant is refining, and abundant raw materials is easy to get, and production process is simple, and cost is low, and to people, animal, Crop securify, low toxicity is even nontoxic, environmentally safe, drug residue free; Also there is obvious weight gaining, production-increasing function, simultaneously regulating crop growth, improve plant immunization and be degeneration-resistant in also have obvious effect.
5, the mixed fermented product improvement soil environment of Chinese medicine slag of the present invention, pig, cattle and sheep feces and probiotic bacteria; suppress harmful microorganism; abundant beneficial microbe; form regenerative system; dissolved phosphorus, potassium, fixed nitrogen, make energy three-dimensional collect, and improves the undesirable properties such as the acid of soil, alkali, viscous, husky and easy flooded, easy drought; promote pellet, improve water conservation and the permeability of soil.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment 1
A kind of implantation methods of selenium-rich Hylocereus undatus, it is characterised in that: include wholely, nursery, field planting, trimming and finishing, rich water quality management, orchard management and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control step; And adopting Se-enriched bio-organic fertilizer and selenium-rich organic liquid active fertilizer that Hylocereus undatus is applied fertilizer, every plant executes 0.5-2kg Se-enriched bio-organic fertilizer and 0.5-1kg selenium-rich organic liquid active fertilizer;
Described is wholely: select loose ventilative, draining is good, water conservation moisture retention is strong, silt content is the sandy soil plantation of 50-70%, with the mixed fermented product improvement soil of Chinese medicine slag, pig, cattle and sheep feces and probiotic bacteria, and adopt powder ridge machine powder ridge wholely, mixed fermented product is spread on ground, utilizes the deep rotary tillage in powder ridge to mix in soil by fertilizer;
Described nursery is: adopt cuttage mode to carry out nursery, annual above aging, robust growth, rear fruitful branch of adopting without pest and disease damage is selected to cut, by the Seedling anvil that its cutting back is 25cm, with cutter, plantation end is whittled into wedge, taking out inversion after soaking 1 minute with 600 times of carbendazim solutions of dilution again and be placed on shady and cool ventilation place 2.5 hours, then cuttage is in loose, ventilative, moistening sandy loam seedbed;
Described field planting is: annual field planting in March, during field planting, should being first placed at the bottom of cave by weeds during backfill soil, table soil and subsoil mix with the fertilizer of equivalent respectively to be filled out back, backfill soil face should be higher than that 3 centimetres of ground, waits the fertilizer in plant hole and soil shrinkage can carry out field planting after stablizing;
Described trimming and finishing is: after Hylocereus undatus field planting, pinching when stem length to 1.5m, and its top short grows side shoot, and every is stayed bud 3, top of breaking again when sprouting length to 1.5m, inspires second branch; Yield positive results the phase, the lateral bud sprouted new on bear fruit branch and nutrition branch is all dredged and goes, also to dredge all of alabastrum on nutrition branch simultaneously;
Described rich water quality management is: spread fertilizer over the fields bottom the cave dug before field planting 1kg fertilizer and 0.5kg Se-enriched bio-organic fertilizer mixing after as base manure, fertile in the mixing of the fertilizer and Se-enriched bio-organic fertilizer of executing Accelerate bloom at the beginning of annual by the end of March or 4 months, thank spend after fruiting period use selenium-rich organic liquid active fertilizer as topdressing, and coordinate impose appropriate azophoska with extra-nutrition element;
Described orchard management is: control the spring tip, summer shoot of erasing, and protects leaf flower and fruit protecting, flower and fruit thinning after steady fruit, strengthens tree vigo(u)r, cultivates strong tree; Malformed fruit, sick fruit disease are spent timely pruning, it has been found that having and be short of seedling, should reseed in time, the plant reseeded to be strengthened management;
The described prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control is to the preventing and treating piling wax mealybug, red spider, Formica fusca, Limax, shot hole, anthrax, anthrax, droop; Use plant insecticide preventing and treating Hylocereus undatus insect pest, use botanical fungicide preventing and treating Hylocereus undatus disease.
Described Se-enriched bio-organic fertilizer material composition and parts by weight be ecological sheep stool 60 parts, paulownia bran 10 parts, the peat composed of rotten mosses 5 parts, the micro-fertilizer of selenium or selenium mineral powder 0.5 part, bacillus subtilis and/or actinomycetes live bacteria agent 0.5 part;
Described selenium-rich organic liquid active fertilizer includes the raw material of following parts by weight and makes: Folium Agaves Sisalanae waste water 50 parts, 25 parts of molasses, analysis for soybean powder 10 parts, Catergen part, the micro-fertilizer of selenium or selenium mineral powder 0.5 part and 0.1 part of yeast.
Embodiment 2
A kind of implantation methods of selenium-rich Hylocereus undatus, it is characterised in that: include wholely, nursery, field planting, trimming and finishing, rich water quality management, orchard management and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control step; And adopting Se-enriched bio-organic fertilizer and selenium-rich organic liquid active fertilizer that Hylocereus undatus is applied fertilizer, every plant executes 0.5-2kg Se-enriched bio-organic fertilizer and 0.5-1kg selenium-rich organic liquid active fertilizer;
Described is wholely: select loose ventilative, draining is good, water conservation moisture retention is strong, silt content is the sandy soil plantation of 50-70%, with the mixed fermented product improvement soil of Chinese medicine slag, pig, cattle and sheep feces and probiotic bacteria, and adopt powder ridge machine powder ridge wholely, mixed fermented product is spread on ground, utilizes the deep rotary tillage in powder ridge to mix in soil by fertilizer;
Described nursery is: adopt cuttage mode to carry out nursery, annual above aging, robust growth, rear fruitful branch of adopting without pest and disease damage is selected to cut, by the Seedling anvil that its cutting back is 30cm, with cutter, plantation end is whittled into wedge, taking out inversion after soaking 2 minutes with 600 times of carbendazim solutions of dilution again and be placed on shady and cool ventilation place 2 hours, then cuttage is in loose, ventilative, moistening sandy loam seedbed;
Described field planting is: annual field planting in April, during field planting, should being first placed at the bottom of cave by weeds during backfill soil, table soil and subsoil mix with the fertilizer of equivalent respectively to be filled out back, backfill soil face should be higher than that 3 centimetres of ground, waits the fertilizer in plant hole and soil shrinkage can carry out field planting after stablizing;
Described trimming and finishing is: after Hylocereus undatus field planting, pinching when stem length to 1.8m, and its top short grows side shoot, and every is stayed bud 3, top of breaking again when sprouting length to 1.5m, inspires second branch; Yield positive results the phase, the lateral bud sprouted new on bear fruit branch and nutrition branch is all dredged and goes, also to dredge all of alabastrum on nutrition branch simultaneously;
Described rich water quality management is: spread fertilizer over the fields bottom the cave dug before field planting 2kg fertilizer and 1kg Se-enriched bio-organic fertilizer mixing after as base manure, fertile in the mixing of the fertilizer and Se-enriched bio-organic fertilizer of executing Accelerate bloom at the beginning of annual by the end of March or 4 months, thank spend after fruiting period use selenium-rich organic liquid active fertilizer as topdressing, and coordinate impose appropriate azophoska with extra-nutrition element;
Described orchard management is: control the spring tip, summer shoot of erasing, and protects leaf flower and fruit protecting, flower and fruit thinning after steady fruit, strengthens tree vigo(u)r, cultivates strong tree; Malformed fruit, sick fruit disease are spent timely pruning, it has been found that having and be short of seedling, should reseed in time, the plant reseeded to be strengthened management;
The described prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control is to the preventing and treating piling wax mealybug, red spider, Formica fusca, Limax, shot hole, anthrax, anthrax, droop; Use plant insecticide preventing and treating Hylocereus undatus insect pest, use botanical fungicide preventing and treating Hylocereus undatus disease.
Described Se-enriched bio-organic fertilizer material composition and parts by weight be ecological sheep stool 85 parts, paulownia bran 20 parts, the peat composed of rotten mosses 15 parts, the micro-fertilizer of selenium or selenium mineral powder 2 parts, bacillus subtilis and/or actinomycetes live bacteria agent 3 parts;
Described selenium-rich organic liquid active fertilizer includes the raw material of following parts by weight and makes: Folium Agaves Sisalanae waste water 60 parts, 30 parts of molasses, analysis for soybean powder 15 parts, vitamin C 4 parts, the micro-fertilizer of selenium or selenium mineral powder 2 parts and 0.5 part of yeast.
Embodiment 3
A kind of implantation methods of selenium-rich Hylocereus undatus, it is characterised in that: include wholely, nursery, field planting, trimming and finishing, rich water quality management, orchard management and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control step; And adopting Se-enriched bio-organic fertilizer and selenium-rich organic liquid active fertilizer that Hylocereus undatus is applied fertilizer, every plant executes 0.5-2kg Se-enriched bio-organic fertilizer and 0.5-1kg selenium-rich organic liquid active fertilizer;
Described is wholely: select loose ventilative, draining is good, water conservation moisture retention is strong, silt content is the sandy soil plantation of 50-70%, with the mixed fermented product improvement soil of Chinese medicine slag, pig, cattle and sheep feces and probiotic bacteria, and adopt powder ridge machine powder ridge wholely, mixed fermented product is spread on ground, utilizes the deep rotary tillage in powder ridge to mix in soil by fertilizer;
Described nursery is: adopt cuttage mode to carry out nursery, annual above aging, robust growth, rear fruitful branch of adopting without pest and disease damage is selected to cut, by the Seedling anvil that its cutting back is 26cm, with cutter, plantation end is whittled into wedge, taking out inversion after soaking 1 minute with 600 times of carbendazim solutions of dilution again and be placed on shady and cool ventilation place 2 hours, then cuttage is in loose, ventilative, moistening sandy loam seedbed;
Described field planting is: annual field planting in March, during field planting, should being first placed at the bottom of cave by weeds during backfill soil, table soil and subsoil mix with the fertilizer of equivalent respectively to be filled out back, backfill soil face should be higher than that 3 centimetres of ground, waits the fertilizer in plant hole and soil shrinkage can carry out field planting after stablizing;
Described trimming and finishing is: after Hylocereus undatus field planting, pinching when stem length to 1.6m, and its top short grows side shoot, and every is stayed bud 3, top of breaking again when sprouting length to 1.5m, inspires second branch; Yield positive results the phase, the lateral bud sprouted new on bear fruit branch and nutrition branch is all dredged and goes, also to dredge all of alabastrum on nutrition branch simultaneously;
Described rich water quality management is: spread fertilizer over the fields bottom the cave dug before field planting 1.5kg fertilizer and 0.6kg Se-enriched bio-organic fertilizer mixing after as base manure, fertile in the mixing of the fertilizer and Se-enriched bio-organic fertilizer of executing Accelerate bloom at the beginning of annual by the end of March or 4 months, thank spend after fruiting period use selenium-rich organic liquid active fertilizer as topdressing, and coordinate impose appropriate azophoska with extra-nutrition element;
Described orchard management is: control the spring tip, summer shoot of erasing, and protects leaf flower and fruit protecting, flower and fruit thinning after steady fruit, strengthens tree vigo(u)r, cultivates strong tree; Malformed fruit, sick fruit disease are spent timely pruning, it has been found that having and be short of seedling, should reseed in time, the plant reseeded to be strengthened management;
The described prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control is to the preventing and treating piling wax mealybug, red spider, Formica fusca, Limax, shot hole, anthrax, anthrax, droop; Use plant insecticide preventing and treating Hylocereus undatus insect pest, use botanical fungicide preventing and treating Hylocereus undatus disease.
Described Se-enriched bio-organic fertilizer material composition and parts by weight be ecological sheep stool 70 parts, paulownia bran 15 parts, the peat composed of rotten mosses 10 parts, the micro-fertilizer of selenium or selenium mineral powder 1 part, bacillus subtilis and/or actinomycetes live bacteria agent 2 parts;
Described selenium-rich organic liquid active fertilizer includes the raw material of following parts by weight and makes: Folium Agaves Sisalanae waste water 55 parts, 27 parts of molasses, analysis for soybean powder 12 parts, vitamin C 3 parts, the micro-fertilizer of selenium or selenium mineral powder 1 part and 0.2 part of yeast.
Embodiment 4
A kind of implantation methods of selenium-rich Hylocereus undatus, it is characterised in that: include wholely, nursery, field planting, trimming and finishing, rich water quality management, orchard management and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control step; And adopting Se-enriched bio-organic fertilizer and selenium-rich organic liquid active fertilizer that Hylocereus undatus is applied fertilizer, every plant executes 0.5-2kg Se-enriched bio-organic fertilizer and 0.5-1kg selenium-rich organic liquid active fertilizer;
Described is wholely: select loose ventilative, draining is good, water conservation moisture retention is strong, silt content is the sandy soil plantation of 50-70%, with the mixed fermented product improvement soil of Chinese medicine slag, pig, cattle and sheep feces and probiotic bacteria, and adopt powder ridge machine powder ridge wholely, mixed fermented product is spread on ground, utilizes the deep rotary tillage in powder ridge to mix in soil by fertilizer;
Described nursery is: adopt cuttage mode to carry out nursery, annual above aging, robust growth, rear fruitful branch of adopting without pest and disease damage is selected to cut, by the Seedling anvil that its cutting back is 28cm, with cutter, plantation end is whittled into wedge, taking out inversion after soaking 2 minutes with 600 times of carbendazim solutions of dilution again and be placed on shady and cool ventilation place 3 hours, then cuttage is in loose, ventilative, moistening sandy loam seedbed;
Described field planting is: annual field planting in April, during field planting, should being first placed at the bottom of cave by weeds during backfill soil, table soil and subsoil mix with the fertilizer of equivalent respectively to be filled out back, backfill soil face should be higher than that 3 centimetres of ground, waits the fertilizer in plant hole and soil shrinkage can carry out field planting after stablizing;
Described trimming and finishing is: after Hylocereus undatus field planting, pinching when stem length to 1.7m, and its top short grows side shoot, and every is stayed bud 3, top of breaking again when sprouting length to 1.5m, inspires second branch; Yield positive results the phase, the lateral bud sprouted new on bear fruit branch and nutrition branch is all dredged and goes, also to dredge all of alabastrum on nutrition branch simultaneously;
Described rich water quality management is: spread fertilizer over the fields bottom the cave dug before field planting 1.8kg fertilizer and 0.8kg Se-enriched bio-organic fertilizer mixing after as base manure, fertile in the mixing of the fertilizer and Se-enriched bio-organic fertilizer of executing Accelerate bloom at the beginning of annual by the end of March or 4 months, thank spend after fruiting period use selenium-rich organic liquid active fertilizer as topdressing, and coordinate impose appropriate azophoska with extra-nutrition element;
Described orchard management is: control the spring tip, summer shoot of erasing, and protects leaf flower and fruit protecting, flower and fruit thinning after steady fruit, strengthens tree vigo(u)r, cultivates strong tree; Malformed fruit, sick fruit disease are spent timely pruning, it has been found that having and be short of seedling, should reseed in time, the plant reseeded to be strengthened management;
The described prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control is to the preventing and treating piling wax mealybug, red spider, Formica fusca, Limax, shot hole, anthrax, anthrax, droop; Use plant insecticide preventing and treating Hylocereus undatus insect pest, use botanical fungicide preventing and treating Hylocereus undatus disease.
Described Se-enriched bio-organic fertilizer material composition and parts by weight be ecological sheep stool 80 parts, paulownia bran 18 parts, the peat composed of rotten mosses 12 parts, the micro-fertilizer of selenium or selenium mineral powder 1.5 parts, bacillus subtilis and/or actinomycetes live bacteria agent 1 part;
Described selenium-rich organic liquid active fertilizer includes the raw material of following parts by weight and makes: Folium Agaves Sisalanae waste water 58 parts, 28 parts of molasses, analysis for soybean powder 14 parts, vitamin C 3 parts, the micro-fertilizer of selenium or selenium mineral powder 1.5 parts and 0.4 part of yeast.
The plantation information slip of table 1 Hylocereus undatus:
| The place of production | Qinzhou City | Yulin City | Chongzuo City | Bose City |
| Yield (per mu yield/jin) | 4242 | 4129 | 4430 | 4210 |
| Se content (mg/kg) | 0.46 | 0.45 | 0.48 | 0.43 |
| Parasitosis evil rate (%) | 12.5 | 11.8 | 12.6 | 14.0 |
The implantation methods per mu yield Hylocereus undatus more than 4000 jin of selenium-rich Hylocereus undatus of the present invention, more than Se content 0.40mg/kg, parasitosis evil rate less than 14%, remarkable in economical benefits.
Claims (7)
1. the implantation methods of a selenium-rich Hylocereus undatus, it is characterised in that: include wholely, nursery, field planting, trimming and finishing, rich water quality management, orchard management and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control step; And adopting Se-enriched bio-organic fertilizer and selenium-rich organic liquid active fertilizer that Hylocereus undatus is applied fertilizer, every plant executes 0.5-2kg Se-enriched bio-organic fertilizer and 0.5-1kg selenium-rich organic liquid active fertilizer;
Described Se-enriched bio-organic fertilizer material composition and parts by weight be ecological sheep stool 60-85 part, paulownia bran 10-20 part, peat composed of rotten mosses 5-15 part, the micro-fertilizer of selenium or selenium mineral powder 0.5-2 part, bacillus subtilis and/or actinomycetes live bacteria agent 0.5-3 part;
Described selenium-rich organic liquid active fertilizer includes the raw material of following parts by weight and makes: Folium Agaves Sisalanae waste water 50-60 part, molasses 25-30 part, analysis for soybean powder 10-15 part, Catergen-4 parts, the micro-fertilizer of selenium or selenium mineral powder 0.5-2 part and yeast 0.1-0.5 part.
2. the implantation methods of selenium-rich Hylocereus undatus according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described is wholely: select loose ventilative, draining is good, water conservation moisture retention is strong, silt content is the sandy soil plantation of 50-70%, with the mixed fermented product improvement soil of Chinese medicine slag, pig, cattle and sheep feces and probiotic bacteria, and adopt powder ridge machine powder ridge wholely, mixed fermented product is spread on ground, utilizes the deep rotary tillage in powder ridge to mix in soil by fertilizer;
Described nursery is: adopt cuttage mode to carry out nursery, annual above aging, robust growth, rear fruitful branch of adopting without pest and disease damage is selected to cut, by the Seedling anvil that its cutting back is 25-30cm, with cutter, plantation end is whittled into wedge, taking out inversion after soaking 1-2 minute with 600 times of carbendazim solutions of dilution again and be placed on shady and cool ventilation place 2-3 hour, then cuttage is in loose, ventilative, moistening sandy loam seedbed;
Described field planting is: annual 3-4 month field planting, during field planting, should being first placed at the bottom of cave by weeds during backfill soil, table soil and subsoil mix with the fertilizer of equivalent respectively to be filled out back, backfill soil face should be higher than that 3 centimetres of ground, waits the fertilizer in plant hole and soil shrinkage can carry out field planting after stablizing;
Described trimming and finishing is: after Hylocereus undatus field planting, pinching when stem length to 1.5-1.8m, and its top short grows side shoot, and every is stayed bud 3, top of breaking again when sprouting length to 1.5m, inspires second branch; Yield positive results the phase, the lateral bud sprouted new on bear fruit branch and nutrition branch is all dredged and goes, also to dredge all of alabastrum on nutrition branch simultaneously;
Described rich water quality management is: spread fertilizer over the fields bottom the cave dug before field planting 1-2kg fertilizer and 0.5-1kg Se-enriched bio-organic fertilizer mixing after as base manure, fertile in the mixing of the fertilizer and Se-enriched bio-organic fertilizer of executing Accelerate bloom at the beginning of annual by the end of March or 4 months, thank spend after fruiting period use selenium-rich organic liquid active fertilizer as topdressing, and coordinate impose appropriate azophoska with extra-nutrition element;
Described orchard management is: control the spring tip, summer shoot of erasing, and protects leaf flower and fruit protecting, flower and fruit thinning after steady fruit, strengthens tree vigo(u)r, cultivates strong tree; Malformed fruit, sick fruit disease are spent timely pruning, it has been found that having and be short of seedling, should reseed in time, the plant reseeded to be strengthened management;
The described prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control is to the preventing and treating piling wax mealybug, red spider, Formica fusca, Limax, shot hole, anthrax, anthrax, droop; Use plant insecticide preventing and treating Hylocereus undatus insect pest, use botanical fungicide preventing and treating Hylocereus undatus disease.
3. the implantation methods of selenium-rich Hylocereus undatus according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described probiotic bacteria is two or more in yeast, bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, lactic acid bacteria, trichoderma, actinomycetes.
4. the implantation methods of selenium-rich Hylocereus undatus according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the material composition of described fertilizer and parts by weight are organic 30-60 part, crop Fructus Citri tangerinae stalk 15-20 part, Fructus Ananadis comosi waste residue 15-20 part, human faecal mass 5-10 part, waste residue of Chinese herbs 5-10 part, aminoacids complex 2-4 part and humic acid 2-4 part.
5. the implantation methods of selenium-rich Hylocereus undatus according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the production method of described Se-enriched bio-organic fertilizer comprises the following steps: by weight by ecology sheep stool, paulownia bran, peat composed of rotten mosses mix homogeneously, obtain mixture; Adding the micro-fertilizer of selenium or selenium mineral powder, bacillus subtilis and/or the actinomycetes live bacteria agent of parts by weight in the mixture, control moisture at 35%-50%, mix homogeneously, build heap, fermentation 15-20 days, can obtain Se-enriched bio-organic fertilizer at normal temperatures.
6. the implantation methods of selenium-rich Hylocereus undatus according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the material composition of described plant insecticide and parts by weight are: Rhizoma Alpiniae Officinarum 25-35 part, Pericarpium Zanthoxyli 20-30 part, Nicotiana tabacum L. 10-15 part, lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus) 5-10 part, Folium Ginkgo 2-4 part, Flos Caryophylli 2-4 part, fruit 2-4 part of washing one's hands.
7. the implantation methods of selenium-rich Hylocereus undatus according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the material composition of described botanical fungicide and parts by weight are: Herba Macleayae Cordatae 25-35 part, Radix Sophorae Flavescentis 20-30 part, Folium Baeckeae 10-15 part, Desmos chinensis 5-10 part, Semen Arecae 5-10 part, Omphalia 2-4 part, Herba Sophorae alopecuroidis 2-4 part, fruit 2-4 part of washing one's hands.
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| CN106258754A (en) * | 2016-08-17 | 2017-01-04 | 谭仁燕 | A kind of cultural method of selenium-rich guava fruit tree |
| CN106386131A (en) * | 2016-09-18 | 2017-02-15 | 胡云龙 | Dragon fruit planting method |
| CN106576762A (en) * | 2016-11-25 | 2017-04-26 | 兴业县恩民农业科技有限公司 | Planting method of selenium-enriched pitaya |
| CN106747952A (en) * | 2016-11-25 | 2017-05-31 | 兴业县恩民农业科技有限公司 | A kind of fertilizing method of selenium-rich dragon fruit |
| CN106748206A (en) * | 2016-12-29 | 2017-05-31 | 安徽徽普生物科技有限责任公司 | A kind of potted plant lemon special fertilizer |
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| CN107211678A (en) * | 2017-05-26 | 2017-09-29 | 广西力拓农业开发有限公司 | A kind of dragon fruit plantation and field management method |
| CN107197670A (en) * | 2017-06-02 | 2017-09-26 | 广西海泉农业有限公司 | A kind of dragon fruit cultural method |
| CN107318573A (en) * | 2017-08-11 | 2017-11-07 | 广州聚注通用技术研究院有限公司 | A kind of selenium-rich Fengkai You Li implantation methods |
| CN107535535A (en) * | 2017-08-22 | 2018-01-05 | 普定县碧玉园宏发种养殖专业合作社 | A kind of composition for treating kuh-seng root rot |
| CN108055977A (en) * | 2017-12-15 | 2018-05-22 | 柳州市汉象教育咨询有限责任公司 | A kind of method of Rocky Desertification Region plantation dragon fruit |
| CN108633581A (en) * | 2018-03-29 | 2018-10-12 | 博白县宁潭镇寻梦生态园种养专业合作社 | A kind of implantation methods of selenium-rich sugar orange |
| CN108358700A (en) * | 2018-04-04 | 2018-08-03 | 共同科技开发有限公司 | A kind of selenium-rich dragon fruit organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN110178623A (en) * | 2019-05-15 | 2019-08-30 | 怀化学院 | The cuttage breeding method of the fruit of Cherokee rose |
| CN110463528A (en) * | 2019-08-30 | 2019-11-19 | 贵州省果树科学研究所 | A kind of intercropping method improving dragon fruit storage performance |
| CN110463528B (en) * | 2019-08-30 | 2021-09-07 | 贵州省果树科学研究所 | Intercropping method for improving storage performance of pitaya |
| CN110959475A (en) * | 2019-10-09 | 2020-04-07 | 贵州省果树科学研究所 | Method for intercropping hot peppers and rattan-free pumpkins in dragon orchard |
| CN113229057A (en) * | 2021-04-09 | 2021-08-10 | 海南大学 | Semi-matrix cultivation method and application of dragon fruits |
| CN116649163A (en) * | 2023-05-17 | 2023-08-29 | 宁海县蔬菜瓜果产业协会 | High-quality cultivation process of greenhouse muskmelon |
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