CN113229057A - Semi-matrix cultivation method and application of dragon fruits - Google Patents
Semi-matrix cultivation method and application of dragon fruits Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a dragon fruit semi-matrix base fertilizer cultivation method, which can create a good growth environment for the root system of a dragon fruit by applying a bio-organic fertilizer in a segmented manner before ridging and after ridging, obviously reduce the phenomenon of premature death of the dragon fruit and promote the growth of the plant and the root system of the dragon fruit; the soil pH value can be effectively kept by matching with plant ash, the occurrence of soil hardening is avoided, and moss growing on ridge surfaces in the garden can be effectively inhibited; in addition, green manure crops are planted in the furrows, and decomposed wood barks are covered on the surfaces of the ridges, so that water and soil on the surfaces of the ridges, humidity and temperature of the surfaces of the ridges and nutrient substances can be effectively kept in a range suitable for the growth of the dragon fruits for a long time. The method combines scientific fertilization management and scientific application of plant ash, green manure crops, wood barks and other materials, creates a healthy soil environment, ensures healthy growth of the dragon fruits, and realizes the construction concept of high-quality agriculture and healthy green agriculture.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to a semi-matrix cultivation method and application of dragon fruits.
Background
Examples of the natural origin of dragon fruit include Gosda rica, Cristamara, Panama, Ecuador, Cuba, Columbia, etc. Then transferred into southeast Asia countries such as Vietnam and Thailand and Taiwan province of China, and provinces such as Hainan, Guangxi, Guangdong, Fujian and Yunnan provinces of continental China. The dragon fruit belongs to cool fruit, and in a natural state, the fruit is ripe in summer and autumn, and is sweet and juicy. The dragon fruit is rich in nutrition and unique in function, and contains plant albumin and anthocyanin which are few in common plants, abundant vitamins and water-soluble dietary fibers.
The application of the fertilizer is an important measure for maintaining soil fertility and meeting nutrient elements required by growth and development of the dragon fruits, the flowering period of the dragon fruits is as long as 6-7 months, the nutrient consumption is high, the flowering and fruiting duration of the dragon fruits is long, the nutrient consumption is high, the root systems of the dragon fruits are horizontally grown shallow roots without main roots, and lateral roots are distributed on the shallow surface layer of the soil, so that the application of the fertilizer follows the principle of 'frequently applied thin application', ditching and sinking application are forbidden, and the root injury is avoided. The fertilizer application is mainly carried out by organic fertilizer, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer is applied in a matching way, and trace element fertilizer is added during the flowering and fruiting period to improve the fruit quality.
However, in the traditional dragon fruit garden, because the organic fertilizer and the chemical fertilizer are improperly applied, soil in the dragon fruit garden is seriously acidified, soil is hardened, nutrient substances are lost, the soil environment is damaged, the yield of the dragon fruit is reduced, and the loss of the dragon fruit industry is caused. In contrast, patent CN201710669893.2 and patent CN201710730110.7 provide a semi-matrix fertilizer for pitaya, which is replacing chemical fertilizers in farmlands due to its advantages of stable performance, rich nutrition and less pollution, so as to protect organic matters in soil, maintain the acidity and alkalinity of soil and prevent loss of nutrients. However, the prior semi-substrate cultivation method for the dragon fruits is less on the whole, and more semi-substrate cultivation methods suitable for the dragon fruits need to be developed to promote the growth of the plants and root systems of the dragon fruits and increase the yield and income of the fruits.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a semi-substrate cultivation method of dragon fruits, which can balance the pH of soil, effectively maintain nutrients, reduce the use of chemical fertilizers, and promote the growth of dragon fruit plants and root systems and the yield increase of fruits.
Therefore, the first purpose of the invention is to provide a semi-matrix cultivation method of dragon fruits.
The invention further aims to provide application of the method in dragon fruit planting.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following scheme:
the invention firstly provides a semi-substrate cultivation method of pitaya, which comprises the following steps:
s1, leveling land of a dragon orchard, uniformly applying a bio-organic fertilizer on the surface of the leveled soil according to 6-8 tons/mu, and ridging to cover the bio-organic fertilizer under the surface of a ridge;
s2, planting dragon fruit seedlings on ridges, and then uniformly applying a biological organic fertilizer 4-6 tons/mu outside an area 3-5 cm away from the root radius of the dragon fruit;
s3, applying plant ash according to the amount of 0.4-0.5 kg per plant outside an area 3-5 cm away from the root radius of the dragon fruit within 3-4 months of field planting of the dragon fruit;
s4, planting green manure crops in the furrow 4 months after field planting of the dragon fruit, and planting green manure crops on the ridge surface outside the area 3-5 cm away from the root radius of the dragon fruit according to the distance of 10-12 m3Covering rotten wood barks per mu, and periodically removing green manure crops growing on the surfaces of the ridges;
the biological organic fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 60-70 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 8-12 parts of coconut coir, 8-12 parts of microbial inoculum, 2-4 parts of humic acid and 6-8 parts of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer;
the microbial inoculum is one or more of bacillus subtilis fermentation liquor, bacillus licheniformis fermentation liquor, lactobacillus plantarum fermentation liquor and saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation liquor.
According to the method, the bio-organic fertilizer is applied in a segmented manner before ridging and after ridging, so that a good growth environment can be created for the root system of the dragon fruit, the phenomenon that the dragon fruit is fatigued is obviously reduced, and the growth of the plant and the root system of the dragon fruit is promoted; the soil pH value can be effectively kept by matching with plant ash, the occurrence of soil hardening is avoided, and moss growing on ridge surfaces in the garden can be effectively inhibited; in addition, green manure crops are planted in the furrows, and decomposed wood barks cover the surfaces of the ridges, so that water and soil on the surfaces of the ridges, humidity and temperature of the surfaces of the ridges and nutrient substances can be effectively kept in a range suitable for the growth of the dragon fruits for a long time. The method combines scientific fertilization management and scientific application of plant ash, green manure crops, wood barks and other materials, creates a healthy soil environment, ensures healthy growth of the dragon fruits, and realizes the construction concept of high-quality agriculture and healthy green agriculture.
Preferably, the ridge forming in the step S1 has a ridge surface height of 15-20 cm, a ridge surface width of 1.5-1.8 cm and an inter-ridge distance of 2.5-3 m. Aiming at the characteristics of the shallow root system of the dragon fruit, the height can achieve the effect of draining water on the basis of satisfying the growth of the dragon fruit, and meanwhile, the management can be convenient.
Preferably, the dragon fruit seedlings in the step S2 are seedlings of 45-65 cm.
Preferably, the planting density of the dragon fruit seedlings in the step S2 is 800-1000 plants/mu. More extension space is left for the root system of the pitaya under the density, and nutrient absorption is facilitated.
Preferably, the dragon orchard is a sloping field. The dragon fruit has low requirements on planting soil, the selected soil has low requirements on nutrients, the normal vegetative growth and reproductive growth of the dragon fruit can be completely met after the dragon fruit is planted by the semi-matrix cultivation technology, the drainage effect can be achieved, and the cost can be saved due to the fact that the rent ratio of the sloping field is low.
Preferably, the green manure crop is sunflower, other green manure varieties can be selected, and the green manure can achieve the effect of fixing water and soil on one hand, and can keep the soil humidity and reduce the soil surface temperature on the other hand.
As a most preferable scheme, the bio-organic fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 70 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 10 parts of coconut coir, 10 parts of microbial inoculum, 4 parts of humic acid and 6 parts of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer.
As a most preferred approach, the removal of green manure crops growing on the ridge surface is by herbicide removal.
Preferably, the livestock manure comprises chicken manure, cow manure and pig manure.
In addition, the application of the method in the dragon fruit planting aspect is also within the protection scope of the invention.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention combines a scientific fertilization scheme and scientific application of plant ash, green manure crops, wood barks and other materials, aims to create a good soil environment for the root system of the pitaya, and can achieve the purposes of keeping soil nutrient components, preventing water and soil, reducing soil surface temperature, reducing the use of chemical fertilizers, effectively balancing soil pH, promoting the growth of the plant and the root system of the pitaya and increasing the yield and income of fruits on the basis of reducing the planting cost, and achieving sustainable green agricultural development.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples, which are not intended to limit the invention in any way. Reagents, methods and apparatus used in the present invention are conventional in the art unless otherwise indicated.
Example 1 semi-substrate cultivation method of dragon fruit
(1) The biological organic fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 70 parts of chicken manure, 10 parts of coconut chaff, 10 parts of bacillus subtilis fermentation liquor, 4 parts of humic acid and 6 parts of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer (N: P: K is 15: 15: 15);
the preparation method of the biological organic fertilizer comprises the following steps: mixing 70 parts of chicken manure and 10 parts of coconut coir, adjusting the water content to 50 percent and the carbon-nitrogen ratio to 28, mixing 10 parts of bacillus subtilis fermentation liquor and 4 parts of humic acid into a material pile, piling the materials to be 1.5 meters high and 1.5-1.8 meters wide, fermenting the materials for 20-30 days, turning over the material pile once in 5-7 days in the period, supplying oxygen to the materials, emitting water, adjusting the temperature, and obtaining the finished product after the materials are fully decomposed and the water is evaporated and dried.
(2) Semi-matrix cultivation of dragon fruits
S1, selecting a sloping field with loose soil as a planting garden, leveling the land of a dragon orchard, uniformly applying a biological organic fertilizer on the surface of the leveled soil according to 8 tons/mu, ridging, wherein the height of a ridge surface is 15cm, the width of the ridge surface is 1.8cm, and the space between ridges is 3m, so that the biological organic fertilizer covers under the ridge surface;
s2, planting 65cm dragon fruit seedlings on ridges with the planting density of 1000 plants/mu, and then uniformly applying a biological organic fertilizer according to 6 tons/mu outside an area 5cm away from the root radius of the dragon fruit;
s3, applying plant ash according to 0.5kg per plant outside an area which is 3cm away from the radius of the root head of the dragon fruit when the dragon fruit is planted for 3 months;
s4, planting sunflower in the furrow 4 months after planting the dragon fruit, and arranging the sunflower on the ridge surface outside the area 5cm away from the radius of the root head of the dragon fruit according to the distance of 12m3Covering rotten wood bark per mu, and periodically considering that the sunflower growing to the ridge surface is removed by adopting a herbicide.
Example 2 semi-substrate cultivation method of dragon fruit
(1) The biological organic fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 60 parts of chicken manure, 8 parts of coconut coir, 8 parts of bacillus licheniformis fermentation liquor, 2 parts of humic acid and 8 parts of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer (N: P: K is 15: 20: 15);
the preparation method of the biological organic fertilizer comprises the following steps: mixing 60 parts of chicken manure and 8 parts of coconut coir, adjusting the water content to 50 percent and the carbon-nitrogen ratio to 28, mixing 8 parts of bacillus licheniformis fermentation liquor and 2 parts of humic acid into a material pile, piling the materials to be 1.5 meters high and 1.5-1.8 meters wide, fermenting the materials for 20-30 days, turning over the pile once in 5-7 days in the period, supplying oxygen to the materials, emitting water, adjusting the temperature, and obtaining the finished product after the materials are fully decomposed and the water is evaporated and dried.
(2) Semi-matrix cultivation of dragon fruits
S1, selecting a sloping field with loose soil as a planting garden, leveling the land of a dragon orchard, uniformly applying a biological organic fertilizer on the surface of the leveled soil according to 6 tons/mu, ridging, wherein the height of a ridge surface is 10cm, the width of the ridge surface is 1.5cm, and the space between ridges is 2.5m, so that the biological organic fertilizer covers under the ridge surface;
s2, planting 45cm dragon fruit seedlings on ridges with the planting density of 800 plants/mu, and then uniformly applying a biological organic fertilizer according to 4 tons/mu outside an area 3cm away from the root radius of the dragon fruit;
s3, applying plant ash according to 0.4kg per plant outside an area which is 3cm away from the radius of the root head of the dragon fruit when the dragon fruit is planted for 3 months;
s4, planting sunflower in the furrow 4 months after planting the dragon fruit, and arranging 10m on the ridge surface outside the area 3cm away from the radius of the root head of the dragon fruit3Covering rotten wood bark per mu, and periodically considering that the sunflower growing to the ridge surface is removed by adopting a herbicide.
Example 3 semi-substrate cultivation method of dragon fruit
(1) The biological organic fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 70 parts of cow dung, 8 parts of coconut chaff, 14 parts of lactobacillus plantarum fermentation liquor, 4 parts of humic acid and 6 parts of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer (N: P: K is 15: 15: 20);
the preparation method of the biological organic fertilizer comprises the following steps: mixing 70 parts of cow dung and 10 parts of coconut chaff, adjusting the water content to 50 percent, adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio to 28, mixing 10 parts of lactobacillus plantarum fermentation liquor and 4 parts of humic acid into a material pile, piling the materials to be 1.5 meters high and 1.5-1.8 meters wide, fermenting the materials for 20-30 days, turning over the material pile once in the period of 5-7 days, supplying oxygen to the materials, emitting water, adjusting the temperature, and obtaining the finished product after the materials are fully decomposed and the water is evaporated and dried.
(2) Semi-matrix cultivation of dragon fruits
S1, selecting a sloping field with loose soil as a planting garden, leveling the land of a dragon orchard, uniformly applying a biological organic fertilizer on the surface of the leveled soil according to 8 tons/mu, ridging, wherein the height of a ridge surface is 15cm, the width of the ridge surface is 1.8cm, and the space between ridges is 3m, so that the biological organic fertilizer covers under the ridge surface;
s2, planting 65cm dragon fruit seedlings on ridges with the planting density of 1000 plants/mu, and then uniformly applying a biological organic fertilizer according to 6 tons/mu outside an area 5cm away from the root radius of the dragon fruit;
s3, applying plant ash according to 0.5kg per plant outside an area which is 3cm away from the radius of the root head of the dragon fruit when the dragon fruit is planted for 3 months;
s4, planting sunflower in the furrow 4 months after planting the dragon fruit, and arranging the sunflower on the ridge surface outside the area 5cm away from the radius of the root head of the dragon fruit according to the distance of 12m3Covering rotten wood bark per mu, and periodically considering that the sunflower growing to the ridge surface is removed by adopting a herbicide.
Example 4 semi-substrate cultivation method of dragon fruit
(1) The biological organic fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 70 parts of pig manure, 12 parts of coconut chaff, 12 parts of saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation liquor, 4 parts of humic acid and 8 parts of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer (N: P: K: 20: 15: 15);
the preparation method of the biological organic fertilizer comprises the following steps: mixing 70 parts of pig manure and 12 parts of coconut coir, adjusting the water content to 50 percent, adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio to 28, mixing 12 parts of saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation liquor and 4 parts of humic acid into a material pile, piling the materials into a material pile with the height of 1.5 meters and the width of 1.5-1.8 meters, fermenting the materials for 20-30 days, turning over the material pile once in 5-7 days in the period, supplying oxygen to the materials, emitting water, adjusting the temperature, and obtaining the finished product after the materials are fully decomposed and the water is evaporated and dried.
(2) Semi-matrix cultivation of dragon fruits
S1, selecting a sloping field with loose soil as a planting garden, leveling the land of a dragon orchard, uniformly applying a biological organic fertilizer on the surface of the leveled soil according to 8 tons/mu, ridging, wherein the height of a ridge surface is 15cm, the width of the ridge surface is 1.8cm, and the space between ridges is 3m, so that the biological organic fertilizer covers under the ridge surface;
s2, planting 65cm dragon fruit seedlings on ridges with the planting density of 1000 plants/mu, and then uniformly applying a biological organic fertilizer according to 6 tons/mu outside an area 5cm away from the root radius of the dragon fruit;
s3, applying plant ash according to 0.5kg per plant outside an area which is 3cm away from the radius of the root head of the dragon fruit when the dragon fruit is planted for 3 months;
s4, planting sunflower in the furrow 4 months after planting the dragon fruitAnd pressing 12m on the ridge surface outside the area 5cm away from the root head of the dragon fruit3Covering rotten wood bark per mu, and periodically considering that the sunflower growing to the ridge surface is removed by adopting a herbicide.
Comparative example 1
The difference from example 1 is that: and the semi-matrix cultivation step S1 of the dragon fruits is to select a sloping field with loose soil quality as a planting garden, level the land of the dragon orchard and uniformly apply the bio-organic fertilizer on the level soil surface according to 4 tons/mu. The nutrients cannot keep up, and the growth vigor of the planted dragon fruit seedlings is poor.
Comparative example 2
The difference from example 1 is that: and the semi-matrix cultivation step S1 of the dragon fruits is to select a sloping field with loose soil quality as a planting garden, level the land of the dragon orchard and uniformly apply the bio-organic fertilizer on the level soil surface according to 10 tons/mu. The planting condition is not good, and the use amount of organic fertilizer is more, so that the effect of hindering is achieved in the seedling stage of the dragon fruit.
Comparative example 3
The difference from example 1 is that: in the semi-substrate cultivation step S2 of the dragon fruit, the bio-organic fertilizer is applied along the root of the dragon fruit. The organic fertilizer burns seedlings to cause the leaves of the dragon fruits to turn yellow.
Comparative example 4
The difference from example 1 is that: in the semi-substrate cultivation step S3 of pitaya, plant ash is applied along the root of pitaya.
Directly covering the plants causes nitrogen deficiency of root systems to influence the growth vigor of the dragon fruits.
Comparative example 5
The difference from example 1 is that: in the semi-substrate cultivation step S4 of dragon fruit, the mature wood bark is covered along the root of dragon fruit.
Comparative example 6
The difference from example 1 is that: no introduction of green manure.
The planting results show that the organic fertilizer, plant ash and wood bark materials are lost, and the using effect is influenced.
Comparative example 7
The organic fertilizer is different from the organic fertilizer in example 1, and specifically comprises 60 parts of chicken manure, 20 parts of coconut coir, 12 parts of bacillus subtilis fermentation liquor, 6 parts of humic acid and 2 parts of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer (N: P: K: 15: 15: 15).
By applying the organic fertilizer, the dragon fruit seedlings have poor growth vigor.
Comparative example 8 Process according to the prior art (CN201710669893.2)
(1) 10 parts of turfy soil, 6 parts of sand, 15 parts of perlite, 8 parts of vermiculite, 3 parts of chaff, 8 parts of loose mud, 4 parts of leaf of rotten bean, 0.3 part of amino acid chelated zinc, 0.2 part of amino acid chelated manganese and 0.5 part of amino acid chelated copper are mixed together to be used as a base fertilizer, and the base fertilizer is placed at the lowest part of the base fertilizer with the thickness of 12 centimeters.
(2) And (3) fully fermenting and decomposing 25 parts of sheep manure, adding 3 parts of monopotassium phosphate, and paving the sheep manure with the thickness of 10 centimeters in the middle.
(3) And (3) disinfecting 15 parts of mushroom dregs by using lime and potassium permanganate, adding 0.4 part of magnesium sulfate, and paving the mixture on the uppermost layer to be 8cm thick.
(4) Cultivating the dragon fruit on a substrate.
Comparative example 9
Uniformly applying sheep manure organic fertilizer on the ridge surface according to 8 tons/mu, planting dragon fruit seedlings, and performing water replenishing every 2 days after planting the dragon fruit seedlings, wherein the water replenishing is 4-5 tons/mu each time; and (3) applying a fertilizer by combining a water and fertilizer integrated system, not performing topdressing in the first month after field planting, and applying N every 7 days in the 2 nd to 4 th months: 0.7 kg/mu, P: 0.3kg mu, K: 0.3 kg/acre, applying N every 10 days in 5-12 months: 1 kg/mu, P: 0.4kg mu, K: 0.4 kg/mu.
Examples of the experiments
1. Method for testing field
Test site: zhenlei village of field of east city of Hainan province
Start of test time: 3/29/2020-3/2021/29
And (3) test crops: dragon fruit
Test protocol:
the treatment group 1 adopted the cultivation scheme of the invention example 1;
the treatment group 2 adopts the cultivation scheme of the embodiment 2 of the invention;
the treatment group 3 adopts the cultivation scheme of the embodiment 3 of the invention;
the treatment group 4 adopts the cultivation scheme of the embodiment 4 of the invention;
the treatment group 5 adopted the cultivation protocol of comparative example 1 of the present invention;
the treatment group 6 adopted the cultivation protocol of comparative example 2 of the present invention;
the treatment group 7 adopted the cultivation protocol of comparative example 3 of the present invention;
the treatment group 8 adopted the cultivation scheme of comparative example 4 of the present invention;
the treatment group 9 adopted the cultivation scheme of comparative example 5 of the present invention;
the treatment group 10 employed the cultivation protocol of comparative example 6 of the present invention;
treatment group 11 employed the cultivation protocol of comparative example 7 of the present invention.
The treatment group 12 employed the cultivation protocol of comparative example 8 of the present invention.
Treatment group 13 employed the cultivation protocol of comparative example 9 of the present invention.
The dragon fruits of each treatment group are respectively cultivated according to the half matrix scheme, in addition, water is supplemented to the treatment groups 1-12 every 2 days, 4-5 tons/mu of water is supplemented every time, fertilizer application is carried out by using a water and fertilizer integrated system, topdressing is not carried out one month after field planting, and N is applied every 7 days in 2-4 months: 0.5 kg/mu, P: 0.25kg mu, K: 0.25 kg/acre, applying N every 10 days in 5-12 months: 0.7 kg/mu, P: 0.3kg mu, K: 0.4 kg/mu.
2. Test results
(1) Root system and plant growth
After the plant grows for one year, the roots are sampled by using a professional root drill, the well sampled sample is scanned in a laboratory, the growth vigor is observed, the growth vigor of the plant is measured once every 10 days, the average number is finally taken, the unit is cm to represent the specific test method of the root system and the plant, and the specific test method is described below
TABLE 1
| Treatment group | Root system growth (cm) | Average plant growth (cm/10 days) |
| 1 | 21.71 | 9.6 |
| 2 | 19.53 | 8.7 |
| 3 | 20.18 | 8.3 |
| 4 | 20.61 | 7.5 |
| 5 | 12.36 | 5.7 |
| 6 | 13.52 | 5.4 |
| 7 | 14.19 | 4.5 |
| 8 | 15.01 | 5.4 |
| 9 | 14.23 | 5.8 |
| 10 | 15.56 | 4.6 |
| 11 | 16.88 | 5.3 |
| 12 | 15.19 | 4.6 |
| 13 | 14.76 | 3.5 |
As can be seen from Table 1, the root growth vigor and the average plant growth vigor of the treatment group 1 were the best, the root growth vigors and the average growth vigors of the treatment groups 2 to 4 were the better than those of the treatment groups 5 to 13, the worst root growth vigor in all treatments was the treatment group 13, the primary judgment was that the soil environment was poor due to the use of compound fertilizers and the improvement of the soil before the field planting, and the primary judgment of the poor average plant growth vigor of the treatment group 12 was that the plants were deficient in nutrients.
Therefore, the method combines scientific fertilization management and scientific application of plant ash, green manure crops, wood barks and other materials to create a healthy soil environment and promote the growth of the root system and the plants of the dragon fruits.
(2) Testing of physical and chemical properties of soil
Sampling soil physical and chemical properties once every quarter, taking a soil sample at a position 0-10cm below the ridge surface, measuring five conventional items of soil, and finally sorting the data to obtain data shown in table 2.
TABLE 2
| Treatment group | pH | Organic matter (%) | Nitrogen (mg/kg) | Phosphorus (mg/kg) | Potassium (mg/kg) |
| 1 | 6.66 | 2.34 | 225.56 | 326.39 | 380.34 |
| 2 | 6.79 | 2.89 | 259.20 | 241.98 | 361.27 |
| 3 | 6.57 | 2.75 | 257.90 | 245.87 | 354.66 |
| 4 | 6.86 | 3.23 | 257.25 | 233.45 | 267.86 |
| 5 | 5.83 | 1.24 | 124.55 | 224.76 | 222.56 |
| 6 | 5.88 | 1.45 | 77.78 | 142.23 | 141.92 |
| 7 | 5.41 | 1.21 | 108.02 | 156.81 | 158.23 |
| 8 | 5.89 | 1.11 | 62.96 | 112.45 | 200.87 |
| 9 | 5.11 | 1.44 | 67.34 | 142.24 | 143.43 |
| 10 | 5.54 | 1.11 | 76.43 | 167.43 | 145.54 |
| 11 | 5.55 | 1.34 | 131.23 | 176.60 | 104.74 |
| 12 | 5.5 | 1.09 | 68.52 | 165.43 | 188.19 |
| 13 | 5.8 | 1.03 | 76.54 | 113.92 | 128.78 |
As can be seen from Table 2, the pH values of the soils in the treatment groups 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8 and 10 are between 6 and 7, which is the optimum pH value for planting dragon fruits, and the pH value of the treatment group 9 is lower than 6; the organic matter content treatment group 2 is the highest, but the seedling burning phenomenon is easy to occur, and the contents of the treatments 1, 3, 4, 5 and 10 are superior to those of the treatments 6 and 7 and 9 respectively; the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of the soil is the highest 10 times, the treatment times are 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 times, the treatment times are better than 8 times, the treatment times are better than 9 times, and the treatment contents are the least 6 and 7 times. The method provided by the invention can be used for creating a good soil environment for the root system of the pitaya by combining scientific application of plant ash, green manure crops, wood barks and other materials, and effectively balancing the pH of the soil.
(3) Change of soil temperature and humidity
And measuring and recording the humidity of the ridge surface by using a scientific hygrothermograph before applying the plant ash and planting the green manure, and measuring and recording the temperature and the humidity of different treatments once on the fifth day after applying the plant ash and planting the green manure.
The obtained data are shown in Table 3
TABLE 3
| Treatment group | Temperature Change (. degree. C.) before and after the experiment | Humidity change before and after the test% |
| 1 | -2.5 | +15 |
| 2 | -2.3 | +14 |
| 3 | -2.3 | +15 |
| 4 | -2.4 | +13 |
As can be seen from Table 3, the treatment groups 1 to 4 according to the present invention exhibited better effects in both cooling and moisturizing the soil.
(4) Comparison of yields
The results of each plant of dragon fruit and the yield per mu obtained according to different cultivation methods are shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4
| Treatment group | Number of fruiting of individual plant | Yield per mu (kg) of the first batch |
| 1 | 1.4 | 322 |
| 2 | 1.8 | 293 |
| 3 | 1.8 | 265 |
| 4 | 1.7 | 273 |
| 5 | 0.9 | 138 |
| 6 | 0.6 | 158 |
| 7 | 0.8 | 148 |
| 8 | 0.8 | 116 |
| 9 | 0.5 | 145 |
| 10 | 0.7 | 167 |
| 11 | 0.8 | 114 |
| 12 | 0.5 | 145 |
| 13 | 0.8 | 182 |
As can be seen from Table 4, the treatment groups 1-4 are significantly higher than the treatment groups 5-13 in terms of single plant results and per mu yield, which shows that the yield and income of fruits are effectively increased by combining scientific application of plant ash, green manure crops, wood barks and other materials through a scientific fertilization scheme, and compared with the conventional cultivation mode of the treatment group 13, the substrate can be used for reducing the use of chemical fertilizers and realizing higher yield.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the protection scope of the present invention, and although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A semi-substrate cultivation method of pitaya is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, leveling land of a dragon orchard, uniformly applying a bio-organic fertilizer on the surface of the leveled soil according to 6-8 tons/mu, and ridging to cover the bio-organic fertilizer under the surface of a ridge;
s2, planting dragon fruit seedlings on ridges, and then uniformly applying a biological organic fertilizer 4-6 tons/mu outside an area 3-5 cm away from the root radius of the dragon fruit;
s3, applying plant ash according to the amount of 0.4-0.5 kg per plant outside an area 3-5 cm away from the root radius of the dragon fruit within 3-4 months of field planting of the dragon fruit;
s4, planting green manure crops in the furrow 4 months after field planting of the dragon fruit, and planting green manure crops on the ridge surface outside the area 3-5 cm away from the root radius of the dragon fruit according to the distance of 10-12 m3Covering rotten wood barks per mu, and periodically removing green manure crops growing on the surfaces of the ridges;
the biological organic fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 60-70 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 8-12 parts of coconut coir, 8-12 parts of microbial inoculum, 2-4 parts of humic acid and 6-8 parts of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer;
the microbial inoculum is one or more of bacillus subtilis fermentation liquor, bacillus licheniformis fermentation liquor, lactobacillus plantarum fermentation liquor and saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation liquor;
the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer comprises the following effective components: p: k is 15-20: 15-20: 15 to 20.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the ridge forming in step S1 is performed with a ridge surface height of 10-15 cm, a ridge surface width of 1.5-1.8 cm, and a ridge-to-ridge distance of 2.5-3 m.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the dragon fruit seedlings in the step S2 are seedlings of 45-65 cm.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the planting density of the dragon fruit seedlings in the step S2 is 800-1000 plants/mu.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the dragon orchard is a loose-soil sloping field.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the green manure crop is sunflower.
7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bio-organic fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 70 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 10 parts of coconut coir, 10 parts of microbial inoculum, 4 parts of humic acid and 6 parts of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the effective component N: p: k15: 15: 15.
9. the method of claim 1, wherein the livestock manure comprises chicken manure, cow manure, and pig manure.
10. Use of the method of any one of claims 1 to 9 for the cultivation of pitaya.
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