CN107365199B - Method of using Luzhou distiller's grains to make special distiller's grains bio-organic fertilizer for preventing mosaic disease of flue-cured tobacco - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for preparing a special distiller's grain bio-organic fertilizer for flue-cured tobacco for preventing mosaic disease by using Luzhou sauce-flavored distiller's grains. The method comprises the following steps: 1): 2), compost and ferment after adding decomposing inoculum to the distiller's grains material, to obtain the fermented distiller's grains material; 3), carry out composting fermentation with oil dregs and cow dung respectively, so as to obtain post-fermentation oil dregs and post-fermentation respectively Cow dung; 4), post-fermentation distiller's grains material: post-fermentation oil dry: post-fermentation cow dung=6:2.8～3.2:0.9～1.1 weight ratio, after mixing evenly, prepare distiller's grains organic fertilizer; 5), in distiller's grains organic fertilizer Add the anti-tobacco mosaic fungus agent to it and mix it evenly, and then let it stand in a cool place to obtain the anti-mosaic vinasse bio-organic fertilizer.

Description

Method of using Luzhou distiller's grains to make special distiller's grains bio-organic fertilizer for preventing mosaic disease of flue-cured tobacco

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of using agricultural waste to produce organic fertilizers, and in particular relates to a method for preparing a special distiller's grain bio-organic fertilizer for flue-cured tobacco for preventing mosaic disease by using Luzhou Maotai-flavor distiller's grains.

Background technique

Luzhou is one of the main areas for wine production in the country. The large amount of agricultural waste remaining after wine production contains high organic matter content and is rich in nutrients. However, the remaining wine grains have high acidity and are prone to spoilage. If they are not treated in time, they will inevitably be seriously polluted. surroundings. At present, my country has made certain achievements in the research on the comprehensive utilization of distiller's grains, for example, using white distiller's grains to produce glycerin, cultivating edible fungi, extracting compound amino acids and trace elements, extracting phytic acid and calcium phytate, brewing vinegar, using distiller's grains Anaerobic fermentation recovers biogas to produce single-cell protein (SCP) feed, which is used for raw wine reproduction and fertilizer. In addition to being used as feed and fertilizer, other methods cannot fundamentally solve the problem of the final destination of distiller's grains, and may produce more dregs. In addition, the composition of distiller's grains is complex, with high water content, which is difficult to store and use. Fermented fillers such as rice husks, so the utilization of distiller's grains still has certain difficulties. The distiller's grains contain a variety of growth substances, which have a stimulating effect on the growth of crops. The distiller's grains fertilizer has a high content of quick-acting nutrients and a long supply time of potential nutrients. Therefore, distiller's grains have broad application prospects in the field of manufacturing high-quality agricultural fertilizers, and can bring good social and environmental benefits, which are worthy of further study.

Tobacco mosaic disease has become a major obstacle to the cultivation of high-quality and suitable tobacco leaves, and research and control of mosaic disease has always been a major issue in tobacco production. At present, the use of chemical or biological agents to control tobacco mosaic disease is a cost-effective measure. In recent years, the research on chemical control has mainly focused on the use of phytohormones, salicylic acid, plant extracts and antagonistic metabolites and other immune preparations, as well as therapeutic drugs such as anthraquinones, nitrogen heterocycles and nucleic acid derivatives. Some results have been achieved, but there are few reports on adding anti-mosaic fungi to organic fertilizers.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a special distiller's grain bio-organic fertilizer for flue-cured tobacco for preventing mosaic disease by using Luzhou Maotai-flavored distiller's grains.

In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a method for preparing the special distiller's grains bio-organic fertilizer for flue-cured tobacco for preventing mosaic disease by utilizing Luzhou Maotai-flavored distiller's grains, comprising the following steps:

1), preparation of distiller's grains materials:

The distiller's grains material is made up of the following components by weight:

Maotai-flavored distiller's grains with moisture content of 55% to 60% (weight %) ( Maotai-flavored liquor lees) 90 to 92%

Catch yellow grass 1.5～2.5%

Rosemary straw 3.5～4.5%

Lime powder 2.5～3.5%;

2), add 0.1%～0.3% (preferably 0.2%) of the distiller's grains material weight to the distiller's grains material, and then carry out compost fermentation until the moisture content of the obtained material after fermentation is less than or equal to 40%, and the fermented distiller's grains material is obtained ;

3), carry out composting fermentation with oil dung and cow dung respectively, thereby obtain respectively fermented oil dung and cow dung after fermentation;

4), post-fermentation distiller's grains material: post-fermentation oil dregs: post-fermentation cow dung=6:2.8～3.2:0.9～1.1 (preferably 6:3:1) by weight, mix well and prepare distiller's grains organic fertilizer;

5), add the anti-tobacco mosaic fungus agent in the distiller's grains organic fertilizer and evenly mix it and let it stand in a cool place for 22 to 26 hours to obtain the anti-mosaic distiller's grains bio-organic fertilizer;

The weight ratio of the distiller's grains organic fertilizer to the tobacco mosaic antibacterial agent is 100:1.8-2.2 (preferably 100:2).

As the improvement of the method for preparing the special distiller's grains bio-organic fertilizer for preventing mosaic disease of flue-cured tobacco of the present invention:

Described step 2) the compost fermentation method of distiller's grains material is:

Add 0.1%-0.3% (preferably 0.2%) of HB decomposing agent to the distiller's grains material, and then pile it up into a bottom width of 1.8m-3.0m, a top width of 0.8-1.0m, and a height of 1.0m- 1.5m isosceles trapezoid stack; when several stacks are arranged in parallel, the interval between stacks is ≥0.5m;

Then proceed to the following four stages of fermentation:

① In the early stage of fermentation, when any of the following conditions are met, it needs to be turned over: the first composting time reaches 48h or the temperature of the material in the isosceles trapezoid stack is ≥70°C;

The purpose of this early fermentation is to make the mycelium of the decomposed inoculum as much as possible to overgrow the material;

②. Fermentation in the high temperature period, turn over once every 24-48 hours, but when the temperature of the material in the isosceles trapezoid stack is ≥ 65°C, it needs to be turned over immediately until the temperature of the material in the stack does not rise, and the high temperature is ended. During the fermentation at high temperature, the moisture content of the material is adjusted to 55% to 60% each time the heap is turned over (the moisture content of the material is adjusted by adding water);

After the fermentation in the high temperature period, pathogenic bacteria, insect eggs, grass seeds, etc. can be killed;

③. Fermentation during the temperature drop period:

Turn the heap every 3 to 5 days until the moisture content of the material is less than or equal to 45%;

Remarks: During the above three periods, the pile must be turned evenly and thoroughly, and the bottom material should be turned into the middle and upper part of the pile as much as possible, so as to be fully decomposed;

④. Change the material to be spread on the ground for post-ripening bulk fermentation (thickness ≤5cm), when the moisture content of the material is ≤40%, end the fermentation.

The obtained fermented distiller's grains are brown, gray-brown or black in appearance, loose in physical structure, and have no odor, indicating that the compost is fully decomposed. The whole fermentation cycle is about 20 to 25 days.

As the improvement of the method for preparing the special distiller's grains bio-organic fertilizer for preventing mosaic disease of flue-cured tobacco of the present invention:

Described step 3) the compost fermentation method of keratin oil comprises the following steps:

1. Mix the oil dry and bagasse with a mass ratio of 9:0.8～1.2 (preferably 9:1) to obtain a mixture;

②, add urea to the water to get urea water;

3. Add HB decomposing agent and urea water to the mixture to adjust the moisture content to 60-65%, and build a pile after uniform mixing;

The HB decomposing agent accounts for 0.08%-0.12% (preferably 0.1%) by weight of the mixture, and each ton of the mixture is equipped with 2-5kg urea;

instruction manual:

When it is the above moisture content, grab a handful of materials, see the watermark but not dripping water, and it can be scattered when it falls;

The function of urea is to provide nitrogen source for fermentation;

④ Fermentation:

The initial fermentation temperature of compost is controlled at ≥15℃;

Fermentation in high temperature period: when the temperature in the compost rises to ≥ 60℃, turn the heap, and adjust the moisture content of the material to 60% to 65% during each turn of the fermentation in this high temperature period;

When the temperature in the compost no longer exceeds 60°C, the compost is stacked until it is naturally cooled to the ambient temperature, and the fermented oil is dry.

Remarks: After the fermentation process starts, the temperature can rise to 60°C or above in about 1 to 3 days. At this time, it is necessary to turn the heap once, and the fermentation in the high temperature period can be completed for a total of 2-3 times. The fermented materials are all black or dark brown, soft to the touch, brittle, slightly fragrant or fermented, and can be used after drying.

As a further improvement of the method for preparing the special distiller's grain bio-organic fertilizer for anti-mosaic flue-cured tobacco of the present invention:

In step (3) of the compost fermentation method for oil withered, the built pile is a bar-shaped pile with a height of 1.3-1.7 meters, a width of 1.8-2.2 meters, and a total volume of not less than 3 cubic meters.

As a further improvement of the method for preparing the special distiller's grains bio-organic fertilizer for anti-mosaic flue-cured tobacco of the present invention: the oleoresin is the residue after pressing and removing oil from various seeds with more oil-containing components, including rapeseed cake, cottonseed cake , bean cake, sesame cake, peanut cake.

As a further improvement of the method for preparing the special distiller's grain bio-organic fertilizer for mosaic-resistant flue-cured tobacco of the present invention: the step 3) the compost fermentation method of cow dung comprises the following steps:

1. Mix HB decomposing agent: rice bran in a weight ratio of 1:5 to 10 to obtain rice bran containing decomposing agent;

②, add urea to the water to get urea water;

3. Add rice bran containing decomposing agent and urea water to the fresh cow dung to adjust the moisture content to 40-65%, and build a pile after uniform mixing;

Described HB decomposing agent accounts for 0.15%～0.25% (preferably 0.2%) of fresh cow dung weight, and each ton of fresh cow dung is equipped with 4.5～5.5kg (preferably 5kg) urea;

Remarks: When it is the above water content, hold a handful of cow dung tightly, see the watermark between the fingers but not dripping water, and it will disperse when it falls; the function of urea is to provide nitrogen source for fermentation;

④ Fermentation:

The initial fermentation temperature of compost is controlled at ≥15℃;

Fermentation in the high temperature period: when the temperature in the compost rises to 65℃～75℃, the compost is turned, and the moisture content of the material is adjusted to 40% to 65% during each turn of the fermentation in this high temperature period;

When the temperature in the compost no longer exceeds 65°C, the compost is stacked until it is naturally cooled to the ambient temperature, and the fermented cow dung is obtained.

Remarks: It can be operated in four seasons and is not affected by the season. In winter, try to ferment indoors or in a greenhouse, and the fermentation temperature should be controlled at 65-75 °C;

Generally, after 48 hours of accumulation of cow dung, the temperature rises to 50-60 °C, and it can reach above 65 °C on the third day. At this high temperature, the heap needs to be turned over once. Under normal circumstances, there will be 2 to 3 times of 65 °C during the fermentation process. Above the high temperature, the fermentation can be completed by turning the heap 2 to 3 times. The material was dark brown and the temperature started to drop to ambient temperature, indicating that the fermentation was complete.

As a further improvement of the method for preparing the special distiller's grain bio-organic fertilizer for anti-mosaic flue-cured tobacco of the present invention:

In step 3 of the cow dung compost fermentation method, the built pile is a long pile with a width of 1.8-2.2 meters, a pile height of 1.5-2 meters, and an unlimited length.

As a further improvement of the method for preparing the special distiller's grains bio-organic fertilizer for anti-mosaic flue-cured tobacco of the present invention: the distiller's grains material is made up of the following components by weight:

Maotai-flavor distiller's grains (Mao-flavor liquor lees) 91%

Finely crushed yellow grass 2%

Rosemary Straw 4%

Lime powder 3%.

In the compost of the present invention, after the pile is built, a breathable cover is placed on the pile to shield from light and rain.

In the present invention, the anti-tobacco mosaic fungus agent was purchased from Hebi City Hesheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd. against tobacco mosaic fungus. HB decomposing agent can be purchased from Hebi Hesheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

In step 5) of the present invention, according to the demand for nutrients of flue-cured tobacco, according to the national industry standard for bio-organic fertilizers, an anti-tobacco mosaic agent is introduced, and the anti-tobacco mosaic agent is evenly mixed with the fermented and decomposed distiller's grains organic fertilizer , to make anti-mosaic vinasse bio-organic fertilizer, and after mixing, it can be placed in the tobacco field for 22 to 26 hours (for example, 24 hours). The industrial standards of the anti-mosaic vinasse-type bio-organic fertilizer have reached the national industrial standards.

The invention utilizes the local fresh sauce-flavored distiller's grains in Luzhou after being fully decomposed and fermented, and then adds the anti-tobacco mosaic disease fungus agent to prepare the special distiller's grains bio-organic fertilizer for Luzhou flue-cured tobacco. The purpose is to effectively prevent and control the mosaic disease of flue-cured tobacco, improve the yield and quality of tobacco leaves, and provide relevant technical support for the production of high-quality tobacco leaves.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.

Embodiment 1, a kind of method that utilizes Luzhou Maotai-flavored distiller's grains to prepare the special distiller's grains bio-organic fertilizer for mosaic-resistant flue-cured tobacco, carries out the following steps successively:

1), preparation of distiller's grains materials:

The distiller's grains material is made up of the following components by weight:

Moisture content of 55% to 60% (% by weight) of Maotai-flavored distiller's grains (Mao-flavored liquor lees) 91%

Catch yellow grass 2%

Rosemary Straw 4%

Lime powder 3%;

2), add 0.2% decomposing inoculum in the distiller's grains material and carry out compost fermentation after the weight of the distiller's grains material, until the moisture content of the obtained material after fermentation is less than or equal to 40%, to obtain the fermented distiller's grains material;

The compost fermentation is as follows:

Add HB decomposing agent accounting for 0.2% of the weight of the distiller's grains material, and then pile them into isosceles trapezoidal stacks with a bottom side width of 1.8m-3.0m, an upper side width of 0.8-1.0m, and a height of 1.0m-1.5m; When setting several stacks in parallel, the interval between stacks is ≥0.5m; in actual operation, compost fermentation identification plates marked with process parameters such as fermentation start time can be set on the stacks, which is convenient for operators to identify;

Then proceed to the following four stages of fermentation:

① In the early stage of fermentation, when any of the following conditions are met, it needs to be turned over: the first composting time reaches 48h or the temperature of the material in the isosceles trapezoid stack is ≥70°C;

During the fermentation in the early stage, the material in the stack will rise to above 60°C, and it will start to turn over after 48 hours (but when the temperature exceeds 70°C, it must be turned immediately). Into the middle and upper part of the heap to fully decompose. At this point, the material is covered with mycelium.

②. Fermentation in the high temperature period, turn over once every 36 hours, but when the temperature of the material in the isosceles trapezoid stack is ≥65 °C, it needs to be turned over immediately until the temperature of the material in the stack does not rise (the temperature does not rise within 10 hours). It can be determined that the temperature of the material will not rise again), and the fermentation in this high temperature period is ended; in each turn of the fermentation in this high temperature period, the moisture content of the material is adjusted to 55% to 60% (the moisture content of the material can be adjusted by adding water. );

After this high temperature period, pathogenic bacteria, insect eggs, grass seeds, etc. can be killed;

The fermentation time is determined by factors such as the climate of the fermentation place, generally about 10 days.

③. Fermentation during the temperature drop period:

Turn the pile every 4 days until the moisture content of the material is ≤ 45%;

During the above three periods, the pile must be turned evenly and thoroughly, and the bottom material should be turned into the middle and upper part of the pile as far as possible, so as to be fully decomposed;

④. Change the material to spread on the ground for post-ripening bulk fermentation (thickness ≤5cm), when the moisture content of the material is ≤40%, end the fermentation.

The obtained fermented distiller's grains are brown, gray-brown or black in appearance, loose in physical structure, and have no odor, indicating that the compost is fully decomposed.

The fermentation time is about 20 to 25 days, depending on the local temperature, it will vary.

3), the fermentation method of oil dry and cow dung:

1. A cow dung fermentation method, comprising the following steps:

①. Mix HB decomposing agent: rice bran in a weight ratio of 1:10 for use;

②, add urea to the water to get urea water;

3. Add rice bran containing decomposing agent and urea water to the fresh cow dung, so as to adjust the moisture content to 50-60%, and build a pile after uniform mixing; A stack of strips of unlimited length.

Described HB decomposing agent accounts for 0.2% of fresh cow dung weight, and every ton of fresh cow dung is equipped with 5kg urea;

Remarks: When it is the above water content, hold a handful of cow dung tightly, see the watermark between the fingers but not dripping water, and it will disperse when it falls; the function of urea is to provide nitrogen source for fermentation;

④ Fermentation:

The initial fermentation temperature of compost is controlled at ≥15℃;

Fermentation in the high temperature period: when the temperature in the compost rises to 65℃～75℃, the compost is turned, and the moisture content of the material is adjusted to 50%～60% during each turnover of the fermentation in this high temperature period;

When the temperature in the compost no longer exceeds 65°C, the compost is stacked until it is naturally cooled to the ambient temperature, and the fermented cow dung is obtained.

Remarks: It can be operated in four seasons and is not affected by the season. In winter, try to ferment indoors or in a greenhouse, and the fermentation temperature should be controlled at 65-75 °C;

Generally, after 48 hours of accumulation of cow dung, the temperature rises to 50-60 °C, and it can reach above 65 °C on the third day. At this high temperature, the heap needs to be turned over once. Under normal circumstances, there will be 2 to 3 times of 65 °C during the fermentation process. Above the high temperature, the fermentation can be completed by turning the heap 2 to 3 times. The material was dark brown and the temperature started to drop to ambient temperature, indicating that the fermentation was complete.

2. A method for fermentation of oleifera, comprising the following steps:

1. Mix the oil dry and bagasse in a mass ratio of 9:1 to obtain a mixture;

②, add urea to the water to get urea water;

3. Add HB decomposing agent and urea water to the mixture to adjust the moisture content to 60-65%, and build a heap after uniform mixing; the built heap is 1.5 meters high, 2 meters wide, and the total volume is not less than 3 cubic meters. Bar stack.

The HB decomposing agent accounts for 0.1% of the weight of the mixture, and each ton of the mixture is equipped with 5kg urea;

Remarks: When it is the above water content, grab a handful of materials, see the watermark but not dripping water, and it can be scattered on the ground; the function of urea is to provide nitrogen source for fermentation;

④ Fermentation:

The initial fermentation temperature of compost is controlled at ≥15℃;

Fermentation in high temperature period: when the temperature in the compost rises to ≥ 60℃, turn the heap, and adjust the moisture content of the material to 60% to 65% during each turn of the fermentation in this high temperature period;

When the temperature in the compost no longer exceeds 60°C, the compost is stacked until it is naturally cooled to the ambient temperature, and the fermented oil is dry.

Remarks: After the fermentation process starts, the temperature can rise to 60°C or above in about 1 to 3 days. At this time, it is necessary to turn the heap once, and the fermentation in the high temperature period can be completed for a total of 2-3 times. The fermented materials are all black or dark brown, soft to the touch, brittle, slightly fragrant or fermented, and can be used after drying.

4), the post-fermentation distiller's grains material: the post-fermentation oil dry: the mass ratio of the post-fermentation cow dung=6:3:1, after mixing evenly, prepare the distiller's grains organic fertilizer;

5), add the anti-tobacco mosaic fungus agent in the distiller's grains organic fertilizer and evenly mix it and let it stand in a cool place for 22 to 26 hours to obtain the anti-mosaic distiller's grains bio-organic fertilizer;

The weight ratio of the distiller's grains organic fertilizer to the tobacco mosaic antibacterial agent is 100:2.

Experiment one, utilize the anti-mosaic lees bio-organic fertilizer of embodiment 1 gained to carry out flue-cured tobacco field planting test:

1. Experimental design

1), the test set 3 processing:

Treatment 1: Anti-mosaic vinasse bio-organic fertilizer;

Process 2: the "anti-tobacco mosaic fungus agent" is canceled in the organic fertilizer of distiller's grains without adding the antibacterial agent (step 5 of embodiment 1), and all the other are completely the same as in Example 1);

CK: local conventional fertilization (application of tobacco-specific fertilizer (NP ₂ O ₅ -K ₂ O=10-15-25) 675kg/hm ² , tobacco-specific organic fertilizer 600kg/hm ² , tobacco-specific top dressing 300kg/hm ² , superphosphoric acid Calcium 225kg/hm ² ).

The variety of flue-cured tobacco tested was Yunyan 85. Each treatment was repeated 3 times for a total of 9 plots, which were randomly arranged in blocks. There are 5 plants in each plot, 8 plants in each plant, a total of 40 tobacco plants, and the row spacing between plants is 55cm×120cm.

That is, as follows:

CK is to apply special tobacco fertilizer 675kg/hm ² first, tobacco special organic fertilizer 600kg/hm ² , tobacco special top dressing 300kg/hm ² , superphosphate 225kg/hm ² ; 25d after transplanting, top dressing, tobacco special top dressing 300kg/hm 2 hm ² ;

Treatment 1 is to apply anti-mosaic distiller's grains bio-organic fertilizer, 150kg per mu, as a one-time application of base fertilizer;

Treatment 2 is to apply the organic fertilizer of distiller's grains without adding antibacterial agent, 150kg per mu, as a one-time application of base fertilizer;

After the above-mentioned application into the tobacco nest, the fertilizer needs to be mixed with the soil, and the top dressing in the later stage is carried out according to the local conventional top dressing situation. Other farming operations are carried out in accordance with the conventional GAP management standards for high-quality tobacco leaves.

2), the effects of different treatments on flue-cured tobacco related agronomic traits

Table 1. Effects of different treatments on related agronomic traits of flue-cured tobacco

Note: This agronomic trait data is the average of the two-year data in 2015 and 2016.

Table 1 shows that, compared with the local conventional fertilization control, the treatment with organic fertilizer of distiller's grains had an effect on the maximum leaf length, maximum leaf width, maximum leaf area, number of leaves, plant height and stem of flue-cured tobacco at the cluster stage, flourishing stage and mature stage. The growth of flue-cured tobacco treated with anti-mosaic agent distiller's grains bio-organic fertilizer is greater than that treated with no anti-bacteria distiller's grain organic fertilizer, indicating that adding anti-bacterial agent to a certain extent Better for the growth of flue-cured tobacco.

3) The effect of different treatments on the incidence of flue-cured tobacco mosaic disease

Table 2 Effects of different treatments on the incidence of flue-cured tobacco mosaic disease

Note: Incidence rate = (number of infected plants/total number of plants under investigation) × 100%

Disease index=[∑(number of diseased plants at all levels×corresponding level)/(total number of plants under investigation×highest level value)]×100

Relative control effect=[(control disease index-treatment disease index)/control disease index]×100%.

It can be seen from Table 2 that compared with the local conventional fertilization, the morbidity and disease index in 2015 and 2016 were lower in the application of anti-mosaic distiller's grains bio-organic fertilizer and the distiller's grains organic fertilizer without the addition of anti-bacterial agent, indicating that the two The incidence of each treatment was significantly lower. Among them, the relative control effect of the application of bio-organic fertilizer against mosaic disease is higher than that of the organic fertilizer without the addition of anti-bacterial agent. The highest relative control effect was 44.90% in the cluster stage in 2016. It shows that the control effect of the anti-mosaic fungus agent is better, which can reduce the incidence of tobacco mosaic disease and play a better role in controlling the disease.

4) The effects of different treatments on the conventional chemical components of flue-cured tobacco leaves

Table 3. Effects of different treatments on conventional chemical components of cured tobacco leaves (C3F)

Note: This data is the measured indicator data in 2016.

As can be seen from Table 3, different treatments have a certain influence on the chemical composition of C3F tobacco leaves after curing. Compared with the control, treatment 1 and treatment 2 can appropriately improve the chemical composition of tobacco leaves. When the bio-organic fertilizer came, the improvement rate was slightly higher than that of the organic fertilizer without adding bacterial agent, indicating that the application of anti-bacterial agent can enhance the resistance of tobacco leaves, reduce diseases, improve the quality of tobacco leaves, and ensure the production of high-quality tobacco leaves.

5) The influence of different treatments on the economic indicators of flue-cured tobacco

Table 4. Effects of different treatments on economic indicators of flue-cured tobacco

Note: This data is the measured data in 2016.

Table 4 shows that compared with the control, the two treatments have improved the yield per mu, the value of output per mu, the average price, the proportion of high-quality tobacco and the proportion of upper-middle tobacco, and the improvement of treatment 1 is slightly greater than that of treatment 2, indicating that the addition of anti-flowering Leaf pathogens also have a good effect on improving the yield of tobacco leaves.

To sum up, the application of bio-organic fertilizer for the prevention of tobacco mosaic disease distiller's grains and the organic fertilizer of distiller's grains without any inoculant had a better promotion effect on all aspects of flue-cured tobacco compared with the local conventional fertilization treatment. It can not only promote the growth of flue-cured tobacco in various periods, improve the quality of tobacco leaves, but also improve the economic properties of flue-cured tobacco. The most important thing is to control the mosaic disease of flue-cured tobacco.

Comparative example 1, the distiller's grains material in embodiment 1 step 1) is changed into the composition of the weight content described in following table 5;

table 5

Maotai-flavored fresh distiller's grains Shredded yellow grass rosemary straws lime powder Distillers grains material I 91% 3% 6% / Distillers grains II 91% 6% / 3% Distiller's Grains III 91% / 6% 3% Distillers' Grains IV 100% / / /

The above-mentioned distiller's grains material I to distiller's grains material IV were used to replace the distiller's grains material in Example 1, and the other formulas and preparation methods were identical to those of Example 1;

Comparative example 2-1, in step 4) of Example 1, cancel the use of cow dung after fermentation, that is, fermented distillers grains material: post-fermentation oil dry=6:4;

The rest of the formula and preparation method are identical to those of Example 1; finally, the vinasse bio-organic fertilizer V is obtained.

Comparative example 2-2, in Example 1 step 4), cancel the use of post-fermentation oil dregs, that is, post-fermentation distillers grains material: post-fermentation cow dung=6:4;

Remaining formula and preparation method are identical to embodiment 1; finally obtain vinasse bio-organic fertilizer VI.

In the comparative experiment, the distiller's grains bio-organic fertilizer I to the distiller's grain bio-organic fertilizer VI prepared by all the above comparative examples were tested according to the method described in the above experiment 1, and the obtained results are shown in Table 6.

Table 6. Effects of different treatments on economic indicators of flue-cured tobacco

Finally, it should also be noted that the above enumeration is only a few specific embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and many modifications are possible. All deformations that those of ordinary skill in the art can directly derive or associate from the disclosure of the present invention shall be considered as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. The method for preparing the special vinasse bio-organic fertilizer for the tobacco for preventing the mosaic disease by using the Luzhou Maotai-flavor vinasse is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

1) preparing a vinasse material:

the vinasse material comprises the following components in parts by weight:

2) adding a decomposing microbial inoculum accounting for 0.1-0.3% of the weight of the vinasse material into the vinasse material, and then performing compost fermentation until the water content of the fermented material is less than or equal to 40% to obtain a fermented vinasse material;

the composting fermentation method of the vinasse material comprises the following steps:

adding HB decomposing agent accounting for 0.1-0.3% of the weight of the vinasse material into the vinasse material, and stacking into isosceles trapezoid stacks with the bottom side width of 1.8-3.0 m, the upper side width of 0.8-1.0 m and the height of 1.0-1.5 m; when a plurality of strip stacks are arranged in parallel, the interval between the strip stacks is more than or equal to 0.5 m;

then the following four stages of fermentation are carried out in sequence:

firstly, in the early stage of fermentation, when any one of the following conditions is met, turning is required to be carried out: the first composting time reaches 48 hours or the temperature of the materials in the isosceles trapezoid bar stacks is more than or equal to 70 ℃;

secondly, fermenting in a high-temperature period, turning the stack once every 24-48 hours, turning the stack immediately when the temperature of the materials in the isosceles trapezoid stack is more than or equal to 65 ℃, and ending the fermentation in the high-temperature period until the temperature of the materials in the stack does not rise any more; fermenting at the high temperature, and adjusting the water content of the material to 55-60% each time the stack is turned;

fermenting in a temperature reduction period:

turning the pile once every 3-5 days until the water content of the material is less than or equal to 45%;

fourthly, the materials are changed to be spread on the ground for post-ripening and large-pile fermentation, and when the water content of the materials is less than or equal to 40 percent, the fermentation is finished;

3) respectively carrying out composting fermentation on the oil cake and the cow dung to respectively obtain fermented oil cake and fermented cow dung;

the compost fermentation method of oil cake comprises the following steps:

firstly, mixing oil cakes and bagasse in a mass ratio of 9: 0.8-1.2 to obtain a mixture;

adding urea into water to obtain urea water;

thirdly, adding an HB decomposing agent and urea water into the mixture to adjust the water content to be 60-65%, and building piles after uniform mixing;

the HB decomposing inoculant accounts for 0.08-0.12% of the weight of the mixture, and 2-5 kg of urea is used for each ton of the mixture;

fourthly, fermentation:

controlling the fermentation initial temperature of the compost to be more than or equal to 15 ℃;

and (3) high-temperature fermentation: turning when the temperature in the compost rises to be more than or equal to 60 ℃, and adjusting the water content of the materials to be 60-65% during each turning of the fermentation in the high-temperature period;

when the temperature in the compost does not exceed 60 ℃, stacking until the compost is naturally cooled to the ambient temperature, and obtaining fermented oil cake;

the composting fermentation method of cow dung comprises the following steps:

firstly, an HB decomposing agent: the rice bran is prepared according to the following steps of 1: 5-10, and uniformly mixing to obtain rice bran containing the decomposition agent;

adding urea into water to obtain urea water;

thirdly, adding rice bran containing a decomposition agent and urea water into fresh cow dung to adjust the water content to be 40-65%, and piling after uniformly mixing;

the HB decomposing inoculant accounts for 0.15-0.25% of the weight of the fresh cow dung, and 4.5-5.5 kg of urea is added to each ton of the fresh cow dung;

fourthly, fermentation:

controlling the fermentation initial temperature of the compost to be more than or equal to 15 ℃;

and (3) high-temperature fermentation: when the temperature in the compost rises to 65-75 ℃ for turning, adjusting the water content of the materials to 40-65% during each turning of the fermentation in the high-temperature period;

when the temperature in the compost does not exceed 65 ℃, stacking until the compost is naturally cooled to the ambient temperature to obtain fermented cow dung;

4) and the fermented lees materials: oil withering after fermentation: uniformly mixing fermented cow dung in a weight ratio of 6: 2.8-3.2: 0.9-1.1 to prepare a vinasse organic fertilizer;

5) adding a tobacco mosaic disease preventing microbial inoculum into the vinasse organic fertilizer, uniformly mixing, and standing for 22-26 hours in a shade place to obtain a mosaic disease preventing vinasse biological organic fertilizer;

the weight ratio of the vinasse organic fertilizer to the tobacco mosaic disease preventing microbial inoculum is 100: 1.8 to 2.2.

2. The method for preparing the special vinasse bio-organic fertilizer for the mosaic-disease-resistant flue-cured tobacco according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

in the third step of the compost fermentation method of oil cake, the built pile is a strip pile with the height of 1.3-1.7 meters, the width of 1.8-2.2 meters and the total volume of not less than 3 cubes.

3. The method for preparing the special vinasse bio-organic fertilizer for the mosaic-disease-resistant flue-cured tobacco according to claim 2, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

the oil cake is residue obtained by squeezing various seeds containing more oil components to remove oil, and comprises rapeseed cake, cottonseed cake, soybean cake, sesame cake and peanut cake.

4. The method for preparing the special vinasse bio-organic fertilizer for the mosaic-disease-resistant flue-cured tobacco according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

in the third step of the cow dung compost fermentation method, the built pile is a long strip pile with the width of 1.8-2.2 meters, the pile height of 1.5-2 meters and unlimited length.

5. The method for preparing the special vinasse bio-organic fertilizer for the mosaic-disease-resistant flue-cured tobacco according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

the vinasse material comprises the following components in parts by weight: