CN105473091B - 具有可一起移动的电极支撑件的肾脏去神经球囊导管 - Google Patents

具有可一起移动的电极支撑件的肾脏去神经球囊导管 Download PDF

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CN105473091B
CN105473091B CN201480046015.XA CN201480046015A CN105473091B CN 105473091 B CN105473091 B CN 105473091B CN 201480046015 A CN201480046015 A CN 201480046015A CN 105473091 B CN105473091 B CN 105473091B
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帕特里克·A·哈夫科斯特
乔尔·N·格罗夫
马丁·R·威拉德
蒂莫西·A·奥斯特鲁特
德里克·C·苏特米斯特
卡斯·A·汉森
丹尼尔·T·奎林
乔尔·R·孟辛格
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Abstract

一种肾神经消融器械可包括具有远侧区的细长管状构件。可扩张构件可被联接至所述远侧区。电极支撑件可被联接至所述细长管状构件的所述远侧区且在所述可扩张构件的本体上延伸。所述电极支撑件可免于连接至所述可扩张构件的所述本体。一个或多个电极可被联接至所述电极支撑件。

Description

具有可一起移动的电极支撑件的肾脏去神经球囊导管
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请根据35U.S.C.§119要求于2013年6月21日提交的序列号为61/838,086的美国临时申请的优先权,其整个内容以引用方式并入本文。
技术领域
本发明涉及医疗器械以及使用和制造医疗器械的方法。更特别地,本发明关于用于肾神经消融的医疗器械。
背景技术
已开发出各种各样的体内医疗器械以用于医疗用途,如在血管内使用。这些器械中的一些包括导丝、导管等。这些器械是通过各种不同的制造方法中的任何一种进行制造并可根据各种方法中的任何一种进行使用。在已知的医疗器械和方法中,各自具有某些优点和缺点。持续地需要提供替代的医疗器械以及用于制造和使用医疗器械的替代方法。
发明内容
一种用于肾神经消融的医疗器械可包括导管轴和被联接至导管轴的可扩张构件,该可扩张构件具有近侧区、远侧区和在其之间延伸的本体。医疗器械可进一步包括电极支撑件,其被联接至导管轴并位于可扩张构件的本体上,电极支撑件包括多个柔性细长构件和多个被设置在细长构件上的电极组件,电极支撑件能够用可扩张构件进行扩张,其中电极支撑件免于与可扩张构件的本体进行附接。
医疗器械可包括导管轴、可扩张球囊、柔性细长电极组件和多个电极元件。可扩张球囊可具有远侧腰部、近侧腰部以及在其之间延伸的本体,该近侧腰部被链接至导管轴。柔性细长电极组件可被链接至导管轴且可在可扩张球囊的本体上按螺旋方式延伸,电极组件免于被附接至可扩张球囊的本体。多个电极元件可被设置在柔性细长电极组件上。
一种治疗高血压的方法可包括提供医疗器械,该医疗器械包括导管轴、被联接至导管轴的可扩张构件、被联接至导管轴且位于可扩张构件上的可扩张电极支撑件和输送护套,电极支撑件包括多个柔性细长构件和多个被设置在细长构件上的电极组件,电极支撑件能够用可扩张构件进行扩张,其中电极支撑件免于与可扩张构件进行附接。该方法可还包括下列步骤:通过血管将医疗器械推进至肾动脉中的一个位置、扩张可扩张构件以扩张电极支撑件、给电极组件通电、坍缩可扩张构件且在之后将可扩张构件和电极支撑件缩回至输送护套中以坍缩电极支撑件。
上面有关一些实施例的概述并不旨在描述本发明的每个所公开的实施例或每个实施方式。下面的附图及具体实施方式更具体地举例说明了这些实施例。
附图说明
结合附图考虑下面具体实施方式可更完全地理解本发明,其中:
图1为实例肾神经消融器械的示意图;
图2为肾神经消融器械的实例可扩张构件的示意图;
图3为图2所示的可扩张构件在展开或平坦形态中的局部俯视图;
图4为实例电极组件的一部分的俯视图;
图5为图4的局部截面视图A‐A;
图6为图4的局部截面视图B‐B;
图7为实例肾神经消融的立体图;
图8为图7所示的电极支撑件的立体图;
图9为实例可扩张构件的立体图;
图10为图9所示的可扩张构件的端视图;
图11为具有电极支撑件的图9所示的可扩张构件的立体图;
图12为另一个实例肾神经消融器械的立体图;
图13为图12所述的电极支撑件在展开或平坦形态中的局部俯视图;
图14为另一个实例肾神经消融器械的立体图;以及
图15为另一个实例肾神经消融器械的立体图。
虽然本发明可被修正成各种修改和替代形式,但是在附图中以示例方式示出的细节仍将进行详细描述。然而,应理解的是本发明并不旨在将本发明限制为所述的特定实施例。相反地,本发明旨在涵盖落在本发明的精神和范围内的所有修改、等同物和替代方案。
具体实施方式
应参照不一定是按比例绘制的附图阅读下面的描述,其中在多个视图中,相同的参考数字表示相同的元件。具体实施方式和附图旨在说明而非限制所要求保护的本发明。本领域的技术人员将认识到所描述和/或所示的各种元件可在不脱离本发明范围的前提下进行各种组合和配置。具体实施方式和附图示出所要求保护的本发明的实例实施例。
对于下面定义的术语而言,这些定义应是适用的,除非在权利要求中或本说明书的其他地方给出了不同的定义。
在本文中,不论是否明确指出,所有数值都被假定为可用术语“大约”进行修饰。在使用数值的上下文中,术语“大约”通常是指本领域的技术人员将认为等同于所引用的值(即,具有相同功能或结果)的一个值的范围。在许多情况下,术语“大约”可包括被四舍五入至最近的有效数字的数值。除非另有规定外,其他对术语“大约”的使用(即在除了使用数值以外的上下文中)可被假定为具有其普通和习惯定义,如可根据本说明书的上下文所理解的且与其保持一致。
经端点表述的数值范围包括在该范围中的所有数字(例如,1至5包括1、1.5、2、2.75、3、3.80、4和5)。
如在本说明书和所附权利要求中所使用的,单数形式“一”、“一个”以及“该”包括复数对象,除非内容另外明确指出外。如在本说明书和所附权利要求中所使用的,术语“或”通常是以包括“和/或”的含义而进行使用的,除非内容另外明确指出外。
要注意的是在本说明书中对“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“其他实施例”等的参照表示所描述的实施例可能包括特定的特性、结构或特征,但每个实施例可能不一定包括特定特性、结构或特征。此外,这种短语不一定是指相同的实施例。进一步地,当特定特性、结构或特征是结合一个实施例进行描述时,无论是否明确地进行描述,除非明确说明与此相反,结合其他实施例实现这种特性、结构或特征是在本领域的技术人员的知识范围内的。即,下面描述的各种独立元件,即使不是在一个特定组合中明确示出的,仍可被认为是彼此之间可进行组合或布置,从而形成其他额外的实施例或补充和/或丰富所描述的实施例,如本领域的普通技术人员所理解的那样。
某些治疗旨在临时或永久中断或修改选择神经功能。一种实例治疗为肾神经消融,其有时被用于治疗如高血压、充血性心脏衰竭、糖尿病或受高血压或盐潴留影响的其他状况或与其相关的状况。肾脏产生交感神经反应,其可能增加水和/或钠的不需要的潴留。例如,交感神经反应的结果可能是血压的升高。消融运行至肾脏的一些神经(例如,被设置在邻近肾动脉处或以其他方式沿肾动脉设置的)可减少或消除这种交感神经反应,其可使相关联的不期望的症状相应减少(例如,血压降低)。
本发明的实施例涉及通常用于治疗靶组织的发电和控制器械,从而实现治疗效果。在一些实施例中,靶组织是含有或紧邻神经的组织,其包括肾动脉和相关联的肾神经。在其他实施例中,靶组织是内腔组织,其还进一步地包括患病组织,如在动脉疾病中所找到的。
在本发明的一些实施例中,以靶剂量输送能量的能力可被用于神经组织,从而实现有益的生物反应。例如,已知慢性疼痛、泌尿功能障碍、高血压和各种各样的其他持续情况已知会通过神经组织的操作受到影响。例如,已知慢性高血压可通过禁用紧邻肾动脉的过度的神经活动力而对可改善或消除的药物处理作出反应。也已知神经组织并不天然地拥有再生特征。因此,可通过使神经组织的传导路径断裂而有利地影响过度的神经活动力。当使神经传导路径断裂时,特别有利的是避免损害邻近的神经或器官组织。用于指导和控制能量剂量的能力非常适合于神经组织的治疗。无论是在加热还是在消融能量剂量时,如本文所描述和公开的精确控制能量的输送可被引导至神经组织。此外,能量的定向施用可能足以将神经作为标靶而无需与其实现精确接触,如当使用典型的消融探针时将需要的一样。例如,可在足够高的能使神经组织变性而不会导致消融和无需穿透内腔组织的温度下施用偏心加热。然而,可能需要配置本发明的能量输送表面以穿透组织并以类似于消融探针的方式输送消融能量,其中通过电力控制和发电器械控制精确的能量剂量。
在一些实施例中,去神经治疗的效力可通过在治疗之前、期间和/或之后进行测量的方式进行评估,从而使治疗的一个或多个参数适合于特定的患者或识别进行额外的治疗的需要。例如,去神经系统可包括用于评估治疗是否已引起或正在引起在靶或紧邻组织中的神经活动力的降低的功能,其可能提供用于调整治疗参数或指出进行额外的治疗的必要性的反馈。
虽然本文所述的器械和方法是相对于肾神经消融和/或调制而进行讨论的,可以预期的是器械和方法也可用于其他治疗位置和/或应用中,其中按照需要,神经调制和/或其他组织调制包括加热、活化、阻断、中断或消融,例如但不限于:血管、尿液脉管或在经套管针和导管到达的其他组织。例如,本文所描述的器械和方法可适用于增生组织消融、心脏消融、肺静脉隔离、肺静脉消融、肿瘤消融、良性前列腺增生治疗、神经激发或阻滞或消融、肌肉活动的调制、热疗或其他组织加温等。
图1为实例肾神经消融系统100的示意图。系统100可包括肾神经消融器械120。肾神经消融器械120可用于消融被设置在邻近肾脏K的神经(例如,肾神经)(例如,被设置在肾动脉RA周围的肾神经)。在使用过程中,肾神经消融器械120可通过血管,如主动脉A被推进至肾动脉RA内的一个位置。这可包括通过引导护套或导管14推进肾神经消融器械120。当按需要进行定位时,肾神经消融器械120可进行激活以激活一个或多个电极(未示出)。这可包括将肾神经消融医疗器械120操作性地联接至控制单元110,其可包括RF发生器,从而将所需的激活能量供应给电极。例如,肾神经消融器械120可包括具有连接器20的电线或传导构件18,其可被连接至控制单元110上的连接器22和/或被联接至控制单元110的电线24。在至少一些实施例中,控制单元110也可用于供给/接收适当的电能和/信号以激活一个或多个被设置在或接近肾神经消融器械120的远端的传感器。当被适当地激活时,电极可消融如下面所述的组织(例如,肾神经)且传感器可被用于检测所需的物理和/或生物参数。
在题为“用于治疗组织的电力生成和控制器械”且公开号为2012/0095461的美国专利申请中公开了一种示例性控制单元110以及相关联的可与本文所公开的实施例一起使用的能量输送方法,其全部内容通过引用并入本文。在共同转让的专利号为7742795且题为“用于动脉粥样硬化和其他靶组织和/或结构的选择性治疗的调谐RF能量”的美国专利、专利号为7291146且题为“动脉粥样硬化材料的可选的偏心重建和/或消融”的美国专利以及公开号为2008/0188912且题为“用于在身体组织上诱导所需的温度效应的系统”的美国专利,其全部的公开内容均以引用并入本文。在一些实施例中,特别是在一些利用单极能量输送的实施例中,系统100还可包括接地/共用电极(未示出),其可与消融器械120相关联。接地/共用电极可以是电性或以其他方式操作性地联接至控制单元110或以其他方式与系统100相关联的单独极板。
在一些实施例中,控制单元110可包括处理器或以其他方式被联接至处理器以用于控制或记录治疗。典型地,处理器可包括计算机硬件和/或软件,其常包括一个或多个可编程处理器,其运行用于实施本文所述的实施例和方法中的一个或多个中的一些或所有的机器可读程序指令或代码。代码通常可体现在有形介质中,如存储器(可选地为只读存储器、随机存取存储器、非易失性存储器等)和/或记录介质(如软盘、硬盘驱动器、CD、DVD、非易失性固态存储卡等)。也可经网络连接(如无线网络、以太网、因特网、内联网等)将代码和/或相关联的数据和信号传输至处理器或从处理器传输,代码中的一些或全部也可经由一个或多个总线在肾神经消融系统的部件之间并在处理器内进行传输,且在处理器中可通常包括合适的标准或专有的通信卡、连接器、电缆等。处理器通常可被配置成至少部分地通过用软件代码对处理器进行编程而进行本文所描述的计算和信号传输步骤,软件代码可被写成单个程序、一系列的单独子程序或相关的程序等。处理器可包括标准或专有的数字和/或模拟信号处理硬件、软件和/或固件且可能需要具有足够的处理能力以在治疗患者的期间进行本文所述的计算,可选地,处理器可包括个人计算机、笔记本计算机、平板计算机、专有处理单元或其组合。也可包括与现代计算机系统相关联的标准或专有输入装置(如鼠标、键盘、触摸屏、操纵杆等)和输出装置(如打印机、扬声器、显示器等),在大范围的集中式或分布式数据处理架构中可采用具有多个处理单元(甚或单独的计算机)的处理器。
在一些实施例中,用于系统100的控制软件可使用客户端‐服务器方案以进一步地加强系统的易用性、柔性和可靠性。“客户端”可以是系统的控制逻辑;“服务器”可以是控制硬件。通信管理器可将系统状况中的变化输送至订阅客户端和服务器。客户端可基于特定的情况变化“知道”当前的系统情况是什么以及要进行的命令或决定是什么。服务器可基于客户端的命令执行系统的功能。由于通信管理器可以是集中式信息管理器,新的系统硬件可能不需要改变现有的客户端‐服务器的关系;新的系统硬件和其相关的控制逻辑可能随后仅变成了对于通过通信管理器管理的信息的额外的“订阅者”。该控制方案可提供具有固定的基础例行程序的稳健的中央操作程序的益处;为了操作被设计成与系统一起操作的新电路部件,可能无需改变基础例行程序。
在一些实施例中,肾神经消融器械120可包括细长管状构件或导管轴122,如图2中所示。在一些实施例中,细长管状构件或导管轴122可被配置成在导丝或其他细长医疗器械上被推进至靶标部位。在一些实施例中,细长管状构件或导管轴122可被配置成在引导护套或导管14内被滑动地推进至靶标部位。在一些实施例中,细长管状构件或导管轴122可被配置成在引导护套或导管14或其组合上被推进至靶标部位。
可扩张构件130可被设置在细长管状构件或导管轴122的远侧区处、其上、其周围或其附近。可扩张构件130可具有本体135、近侧腰部136和远侧腰部137。在一些实施例中,可扩张构件130可被固定地附至细长管状构件或导管轴122。在一些实施例中,近侧腰部136和远侧腰部137被附至导管轴122,而本体135则免于附接至导管轴122。在一些实施例中,可扩张构件130可从坍缩输送状态自扩张至扩张状态,举例来说,如篮状物、可膨胀的泡沫或其它材料或多个支柱。在一些实施例中,可扩张构件130可选择性地从坍缩输送状态扩张至扩张状态,举例来说,如顺应性、非顺应性或半顺应性球囊。在一些实施例中,一个或多个电极可被设置在可扩张构件130的外表面上,被设置在其周围或被联接至该外表面。在一些实施例中,一个或多个电极可操作性地和/或电性地被连接至控制单元110和/或RF发生器。在一些实施例中,一个或多个电极可包括多个电极组件。在一些实施例中,多个电极组件中的一个或多个可被配置成单极的或双极的;且可还包括温度传感器,例如,热敏电阻或热电偶。
例如,如在图2中所示,在一些实施例中,根据多个通常为圆筒形治疗区A‐D,电极组件可被布置在可扩张构件130上,在此处所示的是在扩张状态中。在其他实施例中,可扩张构件130或治疗系统的其他部件可包括不在治疗区中的或以其他方式未被使用或被配置成输送治疗能量的额外的电极组件。
在图3中进一步地示出了治疗区A‐D和相关联的电极组件140a‐d,其为图2所示的可扩张构件130的一部分的“展开”描述。在一些实施例中,可扩张构件可以是具有4mm直径和两个电极组件140a‐b的球囊。在其他实施例中,可扩张构件可以是具有5mm直径和三个电极组件140a‐c的球囊。在一些实施例中,可扩张构件可以是具有6、7或8mm直径和四个电极组件140a‐d的球囊,如在图2中所示。对于这些构造中的任何一个,可扩张构件可具有约10mm至约100mm或约18mm至约25mm的工作长度,这是在图2和3中所示的所有治疗区A‐D的近似的纵向跨距。电极组件140a‐d可使用粘合剂或其他合适的方式被附接至球囊。
返回图2,治疗区A‐D彼此沿纵轴线L‐L为纵向相邻,且可进行配置以使通过电极组件所施加的能量产生不重叠的治疗。通过纵向相邻的双极电极组件140a‐d所施加的治疗可以是沿纵轴线L‐L的周向非连续的。例如,参照图3,在治疗区A中所产生的毁损灶可能在一些实施例中与在治疗区B中所产生的毁损灶绕圆周(在该视图中为关于L‐L成横向地)的重叠最小化。然而,在其他的实施例中,通过电极组件,如图3中所示的电极组件所施加的能量可能沿纵向、沿圆周和/或以其他方式在至少一定程度上发生重叠。
在电极/电极对之间的治疗区是否将重叠,可能会受到各种因素的影响,包括但不限于电极几何形状、电极的布置密度、电极定位、(多个)接地/共用电极的布置和几何形状(在单极实施例中)、能量发生器的输出设置、输出电压、输出功率、占空比、输出频率、组织特征、组织类型等的影响。在一些实施例中,双极电极对的单个电极可限定其自身的治疗区,且这种治疗区可部分或完全地重叠。在一些实施例中,治疗区的重叠可大致绕可扩张构件的圆周和/或绕身体通道周围组织的圆周连续地延伸。在其他实施例中,在治疗区中可能会发生重叠,然而,重叠可能不会绕周面为大致连续的且在治疗区中可能存在有明显的间断。
返回图3,每个电极片组件可包括4个主要元件,其为远侧电极片150a‐d、中间尾部160a‐d、近侧电极片170a‐d、近侧尾部180b、d(未示出用于电极片组件140b和140c的近侧尾部)。参照图4‐6示出并描述了电极组件140a‐d的结构详情。
图4示出电极组件200的俯视图,其在图3中被识别为电极组件140。电极组件200可被构造为具有多层的柔性电路。这种层可以是连续的或不连续的,即由离散部分所组成。如在图5和6中所示,绝缘的基层202可为电极组件200提供基础。基层202可由柔性聚合物,如聚酰亚胺构造而成,然而也可考虑其他材料。在一些实施例中,基层202可以是0.01mm厚至约0.02mm厚。在一些实施例中,基层202可大约为0.5mil(0.0127mm)厚。由多个离散迹线构成的传导层204可层叠在基层202的顶部上。例如,传导层204可以是电沉积铜层。也可考虑其他材料。在一些实施例中,传导层204可以是0.01mm厚至约0.02mm厚。在一些实施例中,传导层204可大约为0.5mil(0.018mm)厚。绝缘层206可离散地或连续地层叠在传导层204的顶部上,从而传导层204可在基层202和绝缘层206之间被流体密封。类似于基层202,绝缘层206可由柔性聚合物,如聚酰亚胺构造而成,然而也可考虑其他材料。在一些实施例中,绝缘层206可以是0.01mm厚至约0.02mm厚。在一些实施例中,绝缘层206可大约为0.5mil(0.0127mm)厚。在其他实施例中,绝缘层206可以是完全或部分的聚合物涂层,如PTFE或硅酮。也可考虑其他材料。
在图4中示出的电极组件200可包括远侧电极片208。在该区域中,基层202可形成矩形形状。这不旨在进行限制。可考虑其他形状。如图所示,电极组件200可包括多个开口以提供额外的柔性片和组件的其他部分可包括圆形或弯曲的转角、过渡部和其他部分。在一些情况下,开口和圆形/弯曲的特性可加强组件对从可扩张装置进行分层的阻力,如在一些情况下,当可扩张装置重复扩张和坍缩(其也可能是从保护护套进行的布置和缩回至保护护套中)时所可能发生的,如在手术过程中治疗多个部位时所需要的。
远侧电极片208可包括多个层叠在基层202的顶部上的离散迹线。这些迹线可包括接地迹线210、有源电极迹线212和传感器迹线214。接地迹线210可包括横向地偏离传感器接地片218的细长电极支撑件216。传感器接地片218可被电联接至接地迹线210的细长电极支撑件216并可位于远侧电极片208的中心处。桥接部220可将传感器接地片218的最远侧部分连接至接地迹线210的细长电极支撑件216的远侧部分。随着行进至传感器接地片218,桥接部220在宽度上逐渐变细。在一些实施例中,桥接部220可具有相对均匀且薄的宽度以获得所需量的柔性。细长电极支撑件216可在其近端处的宽度逐渐变细,然而,这不是必需的。在一些实施例中,细长电极支撑件216可在其近侧部分突然地过渡至薄得多的迹线以实现所需量的柔性。通常,在示出缩颈处的迹线的曲率可优化以减少球囊再捕获力以及减少任何钩住可能存在的更锐利轮廓的可能性。迹线的形状和位置也可优化以向作为整体的电极组件200提供尺寸稳定性,从而在布置和使用期间避免变形。
图4的接地迹线210和有源电极迹线212可共享类似的构造。有源电极迹线212也可包括细长电极支撑件216。
图5示出远侧电极片208的局部截面A‐A。所示的电极222层叠在绝缘层206的一部分上,其可具有多个通道(例如,孔)以使电极222能够联接至(传导层204)的接地迹线210的细长电极支撑件216。
如在图4中所示,接地电极迹线210和有源电极迹线212可包括多个电极。每个电极迹线可设有三个电极222,然而,也可使用更多或更少的电极。此外,每个电极222可具有圆角以减少钩挂其他装置和/或组织的倾向。尽管上面已在双极电极组件的背景下描述了电极222和与其相关联的迹线,本领域的技术人员将认识到相同的电极组件也可在单极模式中运行。例如,作为一个非限制性实例,与有源电极迹线212和242相关联的电极可被用作单极电极,其中接地迹线210在那些电极的通电期间是断开的。
在一些实施例中,如图4中所示的实例中,每个电极222可大约为1.14mm乘以0.38mm,且在电极222之间具有大约为0.31mm的间隙。接地迹线210和有源电极迹线212的电极222可按约1.85mm横向间隔开。在一些实施例中,如图5中所示的实例中,电极222可以是离传导层204约为0.038mm厚且在绝缘层206的上方突出约0.025mm的金片。在不限制使用其他这种合适材料的情况下,金为良好的电极材料,这是因为其具有良好的生物兼容性、不透射线性以及导电和导热性。在其他实施例中,传导层204的电极厚度可在约0.030mm至约0.051mm的范围之中。在该厚度,例如与铜传导层204相比,电极222的相对刚性可很高。因此,相对于使用单个电极,使用多个电极可提高柔性。在其他实施例中,电极可以小到0.5mm乘以0.2mm或大到2.2mm乘以0.6mm以用于电极222。
虽然在绝缘层206的上方平衡金的厚度从而实现良好的柔性且同时保持足够的高度以提供良好的组织接触可以是重要的设计优化考量,但这会受到在球囊的布置或坍缩期间避免可能造成钩挂的表面高度的目标所制衡。这些问题可能会根据特定手术的其他元素发生变化,如球囊压力。对于许多实施例来说,已确定在绝缘层206的上方突出约0.025mm的电极将在10atm以下以及低至2atm的球囊充胀压力下具有良好的组织接触。这些压力可远低于血管成形术球囊的典型的充胀压力。
传感器迹线214可位于远侧电极片208的中心且可包括面向传感器接地片218的传感器功率片224。这些片可连接至温度传感器226,如热电偶(例如,T型构造:铜/康铜)或热敏电阻的功率极和接地极,如在图6中以局部截面所示出的。
温度传感器226可向近侧被连接至传感器功率片224且可向远侧被连接至传感器接地片218。为了有助于减少总厚度,温度传感器226可位于基层202内的开口内。在一些实施例中,温度传感器226为具有0.1mm厚度的热敏电阻,其是异乎寻常的薄‐大约为行业标准的2/3。如图所示,温度传感器226可位于远侧电极片208的非组织接触侧。因此,当被结合至最终的装置,如导管120中时,温度传感器226被俘获在电极结构和球囊之间。这是有利的,这是因为在表面安装的电气组件,如热敏电阻,通常具有尖锐的边和角,其可卡在组织上且可能在球囊布置和/或收缩中引起问题。该布置还可使钎焊接头免于与血液相接触,这是因为焊剂通常是非生物兼容的。进一步地,由于温度传感器的布置,其可测量代表组织和电极222的温度。
从矩形远侧电极片208至中间尾部228,组合的基层202、传导层204和绝缘层206的横向宽度可减少。在这里,传导层204可形成为包括中间接地线230、中间有源电极线232和中间传感器线234,他们可分别为远侧电极片208的接地迹线210、有源电极迹线212和传感器迹线214的共同扩展的迹线。
从中间尾部228开始,组合的基层202、传导层204和绝缘层206的横向宽度可增加以形成近侧电极片236。可按类似于远侧电极片208的方式构造近侧电极片236,其电极的几何形状和温度传感器的布置大致相同,然而也可存在有各种差异。然而,如图所示,近侧电极片236可关于沿中间接地线230延伸的中心轴线G‐G沿横向偏离远侧电极片208。中间有源电极线232和中间传感器线234可在关于中心轴线G‐G的相应平行轴线上沿横向与近侧电极片236共同扩展。
从近侧电极片236开始,组合的基层202、传导层204和绝缘层206的横向宽度可减少以形成近侧尾部238。近侧尾部238可包括近侧接地线240、近侧有源电极线242和近侧传感器线244,以及中间有源电极线232和中间传感器线234。近侧尾部238可包括使得能够联接至一个或多个子线束和/或连接器并最终至控制单元110的连接器(未示出)。这些线中的每一个均可关于中心轴线G‐G沿各平行的轴线延伸。
如图所示,电极组件200可具有远侧电极片208和近侧电极片238关于轴线G‐G的非对称布置。进一步地,两个电极片的接地电极连同中间和近侧接地线230/240一起可大致沿轴线G‐G相对齐。已发现该布置可具有很多优点。例如,通过基本上共用相同的接地迹线,近侧尾部的宽度可能仅为中间尾部228宽度的约1.5倍,而不是在如果每个电极片具有独立接地线情况下的约2倍宽。因此,近侧尾部238可能比中间尾部228中的两个更窄。
进一步地,布置电极片使其共用接地迹线可允许进行控制以使哪些电极彼此之间实现互动。当查看单个电极组件时,这不会立即显现,但当将一个以上的电极组件200组装至球囊,如在图1C中所示的时,则会变得很明显。各种电极片可使用固态继电器和多路复用而进行激发和控制且激发时间的范围为约100微秒至约200微秒,或约10毫秒至约50毫秒。为了实践的目的,电极片可显现为是同时激发的,然而通过将电极以微脉冲(microbursts)快速激发可防止在不同的电极组件200的相邻的电极片之间的杂散电流。可进行这一操作,从而使不同的电极片组件200的相邻的电极片彼此异相激发。因此,电极组件的电极片的布置可允许短的治疗时间‐10分钟或更短的总电极激发时间,其中的一些近似的治疗时间短至10秒,其中的示例性实施例为30秒。短治疗时间的好处可包括当神经组织进行能量治疗时所引起的手术后疼痛最小化、缩短的血管闭塞时间、减少的闭塞副作用和由于至内腔组织的相对较小的热输入而由血液灌流对侧支组织进行的快速冷却。
在一些实施例中,公共接地通常可承载源于负电极的500kHz的200VAC以及源于温度传感器226(使用热敏电阻的情况下)的1V信号,该温度传感器226可要求对RF电路滤波,从而使热敏电阻的信号能被感测到并用于发生器控制。在一些实施例中,由于公共接地,相邻电极对的热敏电阻可用于监控温度,甚至是在没有激发相邻电极对的情况下进行。这可提供仅激发远侧电极片208和近侧电极片236其中一个时,感测两者附近温度的可能性。
再次参照图3,各个电极组件140a‐d的电极片的布置还可实现在球囊130上的有效放置。如图所示,电极组件140a‐d可“键”入彼此之中以最大化地使用可扩张构件的表面面积。这部分可通过设置各个中间尾部的纵向长度以将电极片间隔开而实现。例如,可将电极组件140a的中间尾部的长度设置为将其远侧和近侧电极片150a和170a相分离的距离,从而使横向相邻电极片组件140b的横向相邻近侧电极片170b键入紧邻的电极片组件140a的中间尾部160a。进一步地,在电极组件140b的中间尾部160b和电极组件140d的中间尾部160d之间可键合有电极组件140a的远侧电极片150a。因此,各个中间尾部160a‐d的长度还可要求任何一个电极组件的各个电极片位于不相邻的治疗区中。
沿横向使每个电极组件140a‐d的两个电极片相偏离也可部分地实现可扩张构件或球囊表面面积的最大化。例如,每个远侧电极片150a‐d的向右的横向偏离和近侧电极片170a‐d的向左的横向偏离允许相邻的电极片组件键入彼此之中,从而可使电极片中的一些沿横向彼此重叠。例如,电极组件140a的远侧电极片150a可沿横向与电极组件140b的近侧电极片170b相重叠。此外,电极组件140b的远侧电极片150b可沿横向与电极组件140c的近侧电极片170c相重叠。然而,每个中间尾部的长度可防止电极片的周向重叠(在该视图中为纵向重叠),从而在纵向L‐L中保持治疗区的非邻接的性质。
电极片的布置和几何形状,以及柔性电路的尾部的布置和几何形状也可便于折叠或以其他方式将球囊收缩至相对紧凑的未扩张的状态中。例如,在扩张直径高达约10mm的实施例中,在非扩张状态中的装置可具有小至约1mm的直径。
一些实施例可利用具有相同尺寸和构造的标准电极组件,其中在可扩张构件或球囊外表面上的电极组件的数量和相对位置成为可扩张构件或球囊直径和/或长度的函数,同时电极组件的几何形状在各种可扩张构件或球囊尺寸中保持不变。电极组件相对于可扩张构件或球囊直径和/或长度的相对定位随后可通过使在给定尺寸的可扩张构件或球囊上的近邻电极组件的相邻电极片的周向和/或轴向重叠的所需程度或避免的情况而进行确定。然而,在其他实施例中,可扩张构件或球囊上的所有电极组件可不必是相同的。
系统100可用于执行根据本发明的一个非限制性实施例的治疗方法。例如,控制单元110可被可操作地联接至消融器械120,其可被插入身体通道中以使可扩张构件130(具有多个电极组件)可被置于邻近需要治疗的身体通道的第一区段处。可根据常规的方法在需要治疗的身体通道的第一区段处放置消融器械120,例如,在透视导向下在导丝上进行。一旦插入,可扩张构件130可被制成从坍缩输送形态扩张至扩张形态,例如在使用球囊的情况下通过在约2‐10atm下对流体加压而实现。这可使可扩张构件130的电极和/或电极组件与身体通道的第一区段相接触。
在一些实施例中,控制单元110可测量在电极组件处的阻抗以确定电极与身体通道的对合。在这些实施例中的至少一些中,即使未感测到所有电极的对合,也可进行治疗。例如,在一些实施例中,如果感测到50%或更多电极的对合,则可进行治疗,且可允许低于周向和/或轴向对合的完全一致性。例如,在一些情况下,可定位导管,从而使近侧电极中的一个或多个位于主动脉中并暴露于血液,且对于这种电极所感测的阻抗可能不位于预先指定的范围中(如,例如500‐1600欧姆),其表示对于这些电极没有组织对合。在一些情况下,即使存在低于一致性的电极/组织对合,系统也可允许用户授权以继续进行治疗。接着,控制单元110可激活电极以产生相应数量的毁损灶(lesion)。在电极的激活期间,控制单元110可使用电极片的温度传感器以监控电极和/或组织的热量。以这种方式,在治疗期间,根据需要可将更多或更少的功率供给至每个电极片。
在一些实施例中,控制单元110可应用统一的标准以确定至消融器械120的所有电极的对合。例如,控制单元110可对所有电极利用相同的预先指定的范围内的电阻测量。然而,在包括一些,然而不是所有的单极应用的其他情况下,可对不同的单极电极应用不同的标准以确定对合。例如,在一些单极实施例中,每个单极电极可限定通过组织至共用/不同的电极(或多个电极)的离散电路,且那些电路的特征(例如,电阻)可基于在单极电极和共用电极之间的距离、在其之间的组织特征以及装置和周围组织的其他几何形状和特征而显著地变化。如此,在至少一些实施例中,可能需要应用标准以确定对合,该标准取决于,例如在单极电极和共用接地电极之间的距离而变化(例如,在两个电极之间的距离越大,所需要确定良好对合的阻抗测量结果越高)。然而,在其他实施例中,由于这些距离和其他几何形状中的差异而导致的变化可以是极小的或非实质性的,且可应用统一的标准。
在完成了身体通道的第一区段中的指定治疗后,可扩张构件130可随后坍缩并移动至身体通道的未经治疗的第二区段,该第二区段需要治疗以重复在身体通道的第一区段中所施加的治疗,且可根据需要同样地移至其他区段。区段可直接相邻、或可按某个距离分离或间隔开。
在一些实例中,将利用替代方法。例如,在一些实施例中,可仅在身体通道中的单个位置上进行治疗,且不一定需要将可扩张构件移至身体通道中的多个位置。
再次参照涉及减少过多神经活动的肾性高血压的实例,可使用系统100以实现非穿孔且非消融的方式来引导能量以影响神经活动。因此,身体通道可以是被神经组织所包围的肾动脉。在可扩张构件130上的电极可被供电以在待受影响的神经的已知方向上输送能量,能量穿透的深度为能量剂量、电极类型(例如,单极对双极)以及电极几何形状的函数。全部内容通过引用并入本文的题为“用于在身体组织上诱导所需的温度效应”的美国公开号2008/0188912描述了用于在一些,然而不一定是全部的实施例中可能要考虑的电极几何形状和组织治疗区的体积的一些考虑。在一些情况下,可使用经验分析确定神经组织的阻抗特征,从而可使用消融器械120以首先进行特征化且随后用目标方式治疗组织。能量的输送和调节可还进一步地涉及累积的损伤建模。
如图所示,每个毁损灶可能是在可扩张构件130的相应治疗区A‐D中产生的。因此,在一个特定治疗区A‐D形成的任何毁损灶可能不会在沿操作轴线O‐O的任一点与相邻治疗区A‐D的毁损灶周向重叠。在一些实施例中,可扩张构件130的治疗区可具有一个以上的电极片,且因此在这样的情况下,通过那些电极片所产生的毁损灶可沿周向重叠。在那些情况下,对于特定的解剖结构可能需要更多的毁损灶或可能需要一对电极片以在施加治疗前进行诊断例行程序。无论如何,相邻治疗区的电极的周向重叠可不存在。
根据所需要的特定的重建效果,控制单元可用约0.25至约5瓦的平均功率对电极进行约1至约180秒的通电或以约0.25至约900焦耳进行通电。较高的能量治疗可在较低的功率和较长的持续时间内完成,如0.5瓦90秒或0.25瓦180秒。在单极的实施例中,控制单元可用高达30瓦的功率对电极进行高达5分钟的通电,这取决于电极配置和电极与共用接地之间的距离。较短的距离可在较短的时间段提供较低的能量,因为能量在更集中的区域行进则传导损失更少。在用于肾脏去神经的实例实施例中,能量可按约5瓦的治疗设置输送约30秒,从而可在治疗期间将治疗区加热至约68℃。如上所述,功率需求在很大程度上取决于电极类型和配置。通常,具有较宽的电极间距,则可能需要更大的功率,其中平均功率可高于5W,且总能量可超过45焦耳。同样地,使用较短的或较小的电极对将需要按比例缩小平均功率,且总能量可小于4焦耳。在一些情况下,功率和持续时间可校准至小于足以导致严重损害的量,且特别是不足以消融血管中的患病组织。已很好地描述了消融血管内动脉粥样硬化材料的机制,包括在美国心脏病学杂志(1985年6月)的第1382‐6页中Slager等人的题为“通过火花蚀刻蒸发动脉粥样硬化斑块”的文章;以及Stephen M.Fry的“热性和破坏性血管成形术:医师指南”,Strategic Business Development,Inc.(1990年),其全部内容通过引用并入本文。
在一些实施例中,对患者的肾动脉中的一个或两个所施加的能量治疗可在高于可能存在于其他身体通道中的水平下施加且不具有有害的作用。例如,身体的外周和冠状动脉如果在某个热反应极限以上进行加热,则可能产生有害的长期闭塞反应。然而,已发现肾动脉可在这个热反应极限以上进行加热且不会具有有害的作用。
在一些实施例中,本文所述的电极可进行通电以进入且随后选择性地治疗靶组织以通过重建所治疗的组织而获得所需治疗结果。例如,通过使用阻抗测量可利用组织特征以识别组织的治疗区。利用在身体通道内的周向间隔的电极的阻抗测量可用于分析组织。在电流路径穿过患病组织时以及在穿过例如内腔壁的健康组织时,在相邻的电极对之间的阻抗测量可能不同。因此,在患病组织的任一侧上的电极之间的阻抗测量可指示毁损灶或其他类型的靶组织,而在其他相邻电极对之间的测量则可指示健康组织。可使用其他特征化,如血管内超声、光学相干断层成像术等以识别要进行治疗的区域,其可与阻抗测量相关联或作为其的替代。在一些情况下,可取的是获得要进行治疗的组织的基线测量(baselinebasements)以有助于区分相邻的组织,这是因为组织特征和/或特征轮廓可能因人而异。此外,组织特征和/或特征轮廓曲线可标准化以便识别在不同组织之间的相关的斜率、偏移等。阻抗测量可在一个或多个频率下,理想地在两个不同的(低和高的)频率下完成。可在约1‐10kHz或约4‐5kHz的范围中完成低频率的测量,且可在约300kHz‐1MHz或在约750kHz‐1MHz之间的范围完成高频率测量。较低的频率测量主要代表阻抗的电阻分量并可与组织温度紧密地关联起来,而较高的频率测量可代表阻抗的电容分量并可与细胞组成中的破坏和改变关联。
由于作为阻抗的电容和电阻变化引起电流和电压之间的峰值变化,也可能发生阻抗的电阻和电容分量之间的相角偏移(phase angle shift)。也可监控相角偏移以作为在RF去神经期间评估组织接触和毁损灶形成的方式。
在一些实施例中,可通过结合温和或标准的扩张进行温和加热的方式进行身体内腔的重建。例如,具有被布置在其上的电极的血管成形球囊导管可在扩张前、中和/或后向血管壁施加电势,可选地,该电势可结合处于或显著低于标准未加热血管成形术扩张压力的扩张压力。例如10‐16个大气压的球囊充胀压力可能适于特定毁损灶的标准血管成形术扩张的情况下,本文所述的与合适的电势(其通过球囊上的柔性电路电极、被直接布置在球囊结构上的电极或类似物)相结合的修改的扩张治疗可采用约10‐16个大气压或可受到约6个大气压或更少的且可能为低至约1至2个大气压的影响。这种适度的扩张压力可能(或可能不)与组织特征化、调谐的能量、偏心治疗和本文所述的用于治疗身体内腔、循环系统和外周脉管疾病的其他治疗方面相结合。
在许多实施例中,在身体通道扩张前、中和/或后所添加的温和的加热能量可在降低并发症的同时增加扩张的效力。在一些实施例中,这种使用球囊的受控加热可表现出反冲力的减少,这提供了支架似的扩张的优点中的至少一些,且不具有植入物的缺点。可通过将外膜层的加热限制在有害反应阈值以下而增强加热的益处(和/或抑制并发症)。在许多情况下,可使用小于约10秒的加热时间,通常为小于3(甚或2)秒的加热时间提供内膜和/或中膜的加热。在其他情况下,非常低的功率可用于较长的持续时间。通过将电路的驱动势匹配至靶组织相角而将能量有效地联接至靶组织可加强所需的加热效率,这有效地使位于电功率曲线下方的区域最大化。相角的匹配不必是绝对的,且虽然与特征化的靶组织实现完全的相匹配可能具有益处,替代的系统也可预先设定合适的电势以大致匹配典型的靶组织;虽然实际的相角可能未精确地进行匹配,在靶组织内的加热定位可能显著地优于使用标准功率形式。
在一些实施例中,单极(单极性)RF能量施加可在可扩张构件上的任意电极和位于外部皮肤上或在装置本身上的接地电极或返回电极之间进行输送。在需要深部毁损灶的区域中可能需要单极RF。例如,在单极应用中,每个电极对可用正极性进行供电而不是每一对具有一个正极和一个负极。在一些实施例中,可进行单极和双极RF能量施加的组合,通过改变成对电极的极性而可选择地获得各种深度/大小的毁损灶。
可控制RF能量施加以限制靶和/或侧支组织的温度,例如,限制对靶组织的加热,从而使靶组织和侧支组织均不会受到不可逆的热损伤。在一些实施例中,表面温度范围可约为50℃至约90℃。对于温和的加热而言,表面温度的范围可约为50℃至约70℃,同时对于更强的加热而言,表面温度的范围可约为70℃至约90℃。限制加热以抑制侧支组织的加热至低于约50℃至约70℃的表面温度,从而使块状组织的温度保持为大多位于约50℃至约55℃以下,这可抑制可能另外导致狭窄、热损伤等的免疫反应。在约50℃和约70℃之间的相对温和的表面温度可能足以在治疗期间、在治疗后立即地和/或在治疗后一小时以上、一天以上、一周以上甚或一月以上通过组织对治疗的愈合反应而使蛋白键变性和断裂,从而提供较大的血管内腔和改进的血液流动。
在一些实施例中,目标温度可在治疗期间发生变化,且可能为例如治疗时间的函数。一种可能的目标温度曲线可包括一种治疗,其持续时间为30秒且从标称体温爬升至约68℃的最大目标温度要十二秒。在十二秒的爬升阶段,目标温度曲线可通过其中的目标温度(T)为时间(t)的函数的二次方程限定。可设置方程的系数,从而使从标称体温至约68℃的爬升斜坡遵循类似于在重力的影响下达到其行进弧线的最大高度的投射体的轨线的路径。换句话说,爬升可设置为,随着达到12秒和68℃在温度的斜坡(d2T/dt2)中可具有恒定的减速度且在温度的增加上具有线性减小的斜率(dT/dt)。这种曲线,随着其接近68℃斜率逐渐减小,这可便于在治疗的剩余时间内使所设目标温度的超过目标和/或未达目标最小化。在一些实施例中,目标温度曲线将同样适用于双极或单极治疗,然而,在至少一些单极实施例中,治疗时间也会增加。可根据需要使用利用不同的持续时间(即,3秒、5秒、8秒、12秒、17秒等)的其他目标温度曲线和在各种组件中的设置目标温度(55℃、60℃、65℃、70℃、75℃等)。对于所考虑的各个目标温度曲线,可利用具体为二次方程或近似于二次方程的温度爬升斜坡,然而,也可使用有效地加热组织、优化治疗时间并避免对靶组织的热损伤的任何函数或其他曲线。然而,在其他的实施例中,将不一定需要利用达到所有这些目标的温度曲线。例如但非限制地,在至少一些实施例中,治疗时间的优化可能不是必要的。
控制方法可使用图1所示的控制单元110和/或控制软件的处理功能予以执行,如上面进一步详细描述的或以其他方式进行。在至少一些实施例中,控制方法可提供在装置的各种治疗位点进行温度或其他治疗参数的精细调节,同时利用相对简单并稳健的能量发生器以同时对单个输出设置(例如,电压)下的电极中的几个或其他输送位点中的几个进行通电,其可使系统的成本、大小和复杂性最小化。控制方法可在治疗的任何时间段期间使与目标温度或其他治疗参数的偏离最小化,并因此使对能量发生器的需求(例如,电压需求)中的变化最小化。
在一些实施例中,可能需要基于目标温度曲线(如上面所述的那些)来调节RF或其他能量的施加,以提供避免施加高的瞬时功率的温和且受控的加热以及在微观水平上的相关联的组织烧灼或其他损害,其可能不合意地导致热阻挡或以其他方式导致在装置/组织界面的热传导和热传递中的净减少。换句话说,通过避免温度中较大的摆动和所产生的较大量的能量的瞬时施加以重建在目标温度附近的温度,可保留紧接界面位置处的组织完整性。组织干燥可导致热传导性的净损失,导致减少将能量越过电极/组织界面温和地输送至靶组织以进行治疗的有效转移。
本领域的技术人员将理解虽然可提出特定的控制方法以用于在上面已描述的特定的电外科装置的背景下进行说明,但这些控制方法和类似的方法仍可有益地被施加至其他电外科装置。
通常,控制方法可力求将各种治疗部位保持在预定的目标温度上,如上面所讨论的目标温度曲线中的一个上。在一些实施例中,控制方法可主要通过调节RF发生器的输出电压并确定在给定的时间片要对哪些电极进行通电(例如,通过在那个周期内打开或关闭特定的电极)而将治疗部位保持在预定的目标温度上。
发生器的输出设置和电极的切换可通过考虑所测量的温度以及之前期望输出设置的反馈回路进行确定。在特定的治疗周期(例如,治疗的25毫秒的时段)期间,电极中的每一个可被识别为三个状态中的一个:关闭、通电或测量。在一些实施例中,如果满足一定的标准,电极可仅处于通电和/或测量状态中(通电的电极可能也正在进行测量),其中默认的电极状态被关闭。已被识别为通电或测量电极的电极可能在该周期的一部分内或在整个周期内具有施加的电压或检测温度信号。
在一些实施例中,控制方法可被设计成保持尽可能多的候选电极尽可能地接近目标温度,且同时使温度变化最小化,并因此使不同治疗周期的电压需求中的变化最小化。
每个电极可被初始设置为关闭。在下一步骤,电极中的一个可被指定为用于该治疗周期的主电极。如下面进一步详细讨论的,在治疗期间,所指定的主电极可因治疗周期的不同而发生变化(例如,通过所有可用的电极的周期)。可通过访问查找表或使用用于识别主电极和根据不同的治疗周期改变选择的任何其他合适的功能确定可将哪个电极指定为主电极。
此外,在上面所讨论的下一步骤中,也可将额外的电极指定为候选的电极以用于在该治疗周期内进行通电和/或测量。对于该治疗周期而言,指定的附加电极可凭借相对该治疗周期所指定的主电极的某些关系或缺少某些关系而为候选的。
例如,在一些双极电极的实施例中,在消融器械上的电极中的一些可按一种方式进行布置,从而如果在治疗周期内同时对主电极和那些附加电极进行通电,则可能在主电极和那些附加电极之间存在电流泄漏,其可能不合意地导致对相关联的温度传感器所进行的温度测量的干扰、在每个电极输送的能量量的不准确性或其他不良后果。例如,在图3中所示的实施例中,如果电极片150c被指定为主电极,则可能考虑不将具有紧邻或接近电极片150c的正极的负极的电极片150d和170d作为用于该特定治疗周期的测量和/或通电的候选,这是因为其邻近所指定的主电极引起泄漏。此外,在这个实施例中,可考虑不将可能具有紧邻或接近电极片150c的负极的正极的电极片150b作为候选者,这是因为其也可能邻近所指定的主电极而引起泄漏。此外,在该特定的实施例中,也可考虑将电极片170b作为非候选者,这是因为其位于与引起泄漏的邻近电极片150b相同的柔性结构上。最终,在该特定的实施例中,可考虑将电极片150a和170a作为候选者,这是因为他们邻近非候选。
作为另一个非限制性实例,在一些单极电极实施例中,候选电极可以是单极电极,其具有与和主电极相关联的电路的一个或多个测量或估计特性类似的测量或估计电路特性。换句话说,在一些单极系统中,可能仅希望同时对单极电极进行通电,其中单极电极限定大致与通过主单极电极所限定的电路(例如,通过单极电极、共用电极和通过患者组织的路径所限定的电路)相类似的电路。在一些情况下,这可便于在通电期间实现电流的均匀性。在其他实施例中,预定的表格或其他列表或关联可基于当前的主电极确定哪些电极是候选电极。
在至少一些实施例中,可断开与非候选电极相关联的开关以将非候选电极与系统电路的其余部分相隔离。在至少一些实施例中,该切换也可或替代地用于另外使可用于通电的可用电极对的数量最大化,其条件是在电极对之间的共用接地不受切断的影响。
在其他实施例中,消融器械可被配置成避免发生泄漏的可能性或以其他方式考虑这种泄漏,且因此,装置的所有电极可以是用于在治疗周期内进行通电和/或测量的候选。
在一些实施例中,将电极指定为主电极、候选或非候选可通过序列矩阵或阵列中的查找表而确定,其识别每个电极的状态以及指定主电极的顺序。在一个非限制性实施例中,主电极指定沿周向通过近侧电极并随后沿周向通过远侧电极(例如,在图3中,顺序可以是170a、b、c、d,150a、b、c、d)进行循环。然而,也可使用任何模式或其他方法,包括优化与序列中的下一个之间的距离、序列中的下一个的接近性或分布的均匀性的那些。
在一些实施例中,附加条件可导致将在一个特定的治疗周期和/或治疗的其余时间内将特定的电极设置为关闭。例如,如下面所讨论的,在治疗期间,可允许高达4℃的温度过冲(例如,即使这种过冲导致了电极不被通电,电极也可能不一定被设置为关闭且仍可用于测量);然而,在至少一些实施例中,如果八个连续的治疗周期测量到特定电极的温度过冲,该电极可被设置为在治疗的其余时间内关闭,这使得治疗另外继续且不会以其他方式改变控制回路的过程,如下面所讨论的。
在下一步骤中,确定用于主和其他候选电极中的每一个的目标电压。在一些实施例中,用于特定电极的目标电压可基于与该电极的治疗部位相关联的温度误差以及为该电极所计算的上一次的目标电压(虽然不一定会被施加)而进行确定。可通过测量在治疗部位的当前温度(例如,利用与接近该治疗部位的电极相关联的温度传感器)并确定在治疗中瞬时所测量的温度和目标温度之间的差异而计算出温度误差。
本领域的技术人员将理解,虽然一些实施例被描述为使用电压作为控制变量,但功率也可被用作电压的替代以作为控制变量,例如,基于功率和电压之间已知的关系(即功率等于电压乘以电流或阻抗)。
一个实施例可包括用于确定电极的目标电压的子程序。例如,一个步骤可包括通过从实际温度(T)(例如,通过与该电极相关联的热敏电阻所测量的)减去在该时刻的目标温度(Tg)计算与目标(Te)的温度误差。随后,可确定在计算步骤所计算的温度误差是否大于4℃(即,如果目标温度为68℃,则确定热敏电阻所计算的温度是否大于72℃)如果温度误差大于4℃,子程序则可在该治疗周期内将目标电压0分配给电极。如果温度误差不大于4℃,子程序则可继续进行至下一步骤并确定温度误差是否大于2℃。如果温度误差大于2℃,子程序则可将为用于该电极的上次分配的目标电压的75%(或另一百分比)的目标电压分配给电极。如果温度误差不大于2℃,子程序则可基于方程式向该电极分配目标电压:
V=KLVL+KPTe+KIt t-nsecTeAVE
其中:
V为目标电压;
Te为与目标的温度误差;
VL为上次分配的电极电压;
KL、KP和KI为常数;以及
n为0至t秒的范围内的时间值。
在一些实施例中,所使用的方程式可以是:
Figure BDA0000926219690000181
其中:
V为目标电压;
Te为与目标的温度误差;
VL为上次分配的电极电压;
Kp为根据比例控制的常数;以及
KI为根据积分控制的常数。
在一些实施例中,可能有利地是仅使用上次分配的电极电压以确定目标电压,而非使用根据早前治疗周期的电压的平均值或电压,这是因为,在一些情况下,使用早前的电压可能是造成重点为目标温度精密控制的实施例的计算误差的源头。
一旦确定了用于主电极和其他候选电极的目标电压,则可确定用于主电极的目标电压是否大于0。如果否,则可将用于该治疗周期的RF发生器的输出电压设置为确定的用于其他候选电极的最低目标电压。如果确定的用于主电极的目标电压大于0,则可将用于该治疗周期的RF发生器的输出电压设置为主电极的目标电压。
接下来,具有大于0的目标电压的主和其他候选电极被识别为要进行通电的电极。在可替代的实施例中,如果所确定的用于那些电极的目标电压比所设置的电压大6V,则可仅对除了主电极以外的候选电极进行通电。在其他的实施例中,如果所确定的用于那些电极的目标电压比所设置的电压大1、5或10V,则仅对除了主电极以外的候选电极进行通电。
最后,可确定要通电的电极当前所在的温度是否大于68℃。温度高于68℃的那些电极可被关闭或以其他方式防止对那些电极在该治疗周期内进行通电,并在设置的电压对另外满足上述标准的那些电极进行通电。随后,另一个治疗周期开始,且控制方法可重复直到完成治疗。
在一些实施例中,每个治疗周期与前一个和下一个周期将为不相重叠的(例如,将在下一个周期的步骤开始前彻底完成控制方法的步骤),然而,在其他实施例中,周期可能至少在一定程度上是重叠的。
现在转向图7,肾神经消融器械300可包括可扩张构件130,其可被设置在细长管状构件或导管轴122的远侧区处、其上、其周围或其附近,如上面所讨论的。在一些实施例中,可扩张构件130的近侧腰部136可被固定地附至细长管状构件或导管轴122。在一些实施例中,肾神经消融器械300包括具有一个或多个电极的可一起移动的电极支撑件305。在一些实施例中,电极支撑件305可被固定地附至细长管状构件或导管轴122。电极支撑件305可免于附接至可扩张构件130的本体135。在一些实施例中,电极支撑件305可从坍缩输送状态扩张至扩张状态,举例来说,如篮状物或多个支柱或细长构件。电极支撑件305可包括一个或多个柔性细长构件310,其每一个均具有可被固定地附至导管轴122的近端320。在一些实施例中,多个细长构件310具有被固定附至导管轴122的近端320。在一些实施例中,细长构件310的远端315可免于进行至导管轴122和可扩张构件130的任何附接。在其他实施例中,远端315可彼此进行连接,如在图7中所示,和/或被连接至连接构件或环(未示出)。在一些实施例中,细长构件310可至少从位于近端320的一点并延伸至远端315免于附接至导管轴122或免于附接至可扩张构件130。细长构件310可被连接至导管轴122且可不连接至可扩张构件130。在一些实施例中,细长构件310的近端320可在近侧腰部136和导管轴122之间的连接区中被附接至可扩张构件130的近侧腰部136。
在一些实施例中,电极支撑件305为与可扩张构件130相分离的元件且不被连接至可扩张构件130。如在图8中所示,电极支撑件305可被固定地连接至单独的细长元件或导管轴322。在一些实施例中,电极支撑件305可按可输送的方式与可扩张构件130相分离。在该实施例中,电极支撑件305可被输送至体腔中,接着通过导管322输送可扩张构件130。一旦可扩张构件130位于电极支撑件305内,可扩张构件130则进行扩张,从而扩张电极支撑件305并将电极组件325置于与体腔内部相接触的电极支撑件305上。在用电极组件325进行治疗后,可扩张构件130可进行收缩。在电极支撑件305没有附接到大部分的可扩张构件130上允许了可扩张构件130以任何方式缩小。例如,可扩张构件130可经真空源缩小、通过将扭力施加至可扩张构件130的至少一部分或通过缩回至导引导管14而进行重折叠或扭转。可先缩回收缩或缩小的可扩张构件130,随后则缩回电极支撑件305。替代地,可同时移除收缩的可扩张构件130和电极支撑件305。分离的电极支撑件305不妨碍可扩张构件130的缩小、收缩、扭转或重折叠。细长构件310坍缩至其预扩张状态以缩回至导引导管14。
在一些实施例中,电极支撑件305被设置在可扩张构件130上并在可扩张构件130扩张时扩张。细长构件310未被附接至可扩张构件130且在扩张期间,细长构件310移动以更加远离彼此。在一些实施例中,电极支撑件305可与各种大小的可扩张构件130一起使用。随着可扩张构件130的直径增加,细长构件310移动以更加远离彼此。在体腔内的可扩张构件130的扩张迫使细长构件与体腔的内壁相接触。在收缩可扩张构件130后,电极支撑件305可随后基本上保持在扩张形态中,这允许可扩张构件130收缩、扭转、折叠或以其他方式达到适于收缩至输送护套或导管中的形态。未附接的电极支撑件305不会妨碍可扩张构件的扩张和收缩。在一些实施例中,随着整个消融器械300在导管向近侧缩回时退回至输送护套或导管,电极支撑件305坍缩或折叠至之前折叠或坍缩的可扩张构件130上。在其他实施例中,缩回可扩张构件和电极支撑件305以基本上同时地使元件坍缩。在其他实施例中,电极支撑件305可在坍缩形态中偏斜,从而当收缩可扩张构件130时,使电极支撑件305自动地返回至收缩形态。
电极支撑件305可包括多个电极组件325。在一些实施例中,每个细长构件310可包含一个或多个电极组件325。在一些实施例中,每个电极组件325可包括接地电极330、有源电极335和传感器元件340。在一些实施例中,每个细长构件310可具有从交替侧延伸的电极组件325,如在图7中所示。在一些实施例中,每个电极组件325的电极和传感器可按图4中所示的方式进行布置。在一些实施例中,电极支撑件305可由一个或多个基本上平行于可扩张构件130的纵轴线延伸的细长构件310构成,如在图7中所示。在其他实施例中,细长构件310可按与纵轴线成一个角度的方式进行扭转或倾斜。
在一些实施例中,可扩张构件132具有一个或多个沿可扩张构件132的长度延伸的通道134。通道134被配置成当可扩张构件132扩张时继续保留。当可扩张构件132被置于体腔,如血管中且扩张时,通道134允许部分流体流过可扩张构件132。通道134可基本上平行于可扩张构件132的纵轴线或通道可按其他形态进行布置。在图9‐11中所示的实施例中,可扩张构件132具有三个通道134,其沿可扩张构件132螺旋延伸。在可扩张构件132中可包括任何数量的通道134。通道134可按允许电极支撑件355的细长构件360被设置在通道134之间的方式而间隔开。在一些实施例中,细长构件360按与通道134的角度相匹配的螺旋延伸。
现在转向图12,在一些实施例中,肾神经消融器械400可包括可一起移动的电极支撑件405,其中多个柔性细长构件410绕可扩张构件130按关于纵轴线成角度的方式延伸。如上面所讨论的,可扩张构件130可被设置在细长管状构件或导管轴122的远侧区处、其上、其周围或其附近。在一些实施例中,电极支撑件405可被固定地附至细长管状构件或导管轴122且免于附接至可扩张构件130的本体135。在一些实施例中,电极支撑件405可从坍缩输送状态扩张至扩张状态。电极支撑件405可包括一个或多个电极组件425。电极组件425可包括多个柔性细长组件410,其具有被固定附至导管轴122的近端420。在图12中所示的实施例中,电极组件425具有在其近端420彼此相连接的三个细长构件410。细长构件410的远端415可免于进行至彼此和至可扩张构件130的任何附接。在一些实施例中,细长构件410的近端420可被附至在近侧腰部136和导管轴122之间的连接区中的可扩张构件130的近侧腰部136。
在一些实施例中,电极支撑件405被设置在可扩张构件130上并在可扩张构件130扩张时扩张。细长构件410未被附接至可扩张构件130且在扩张期间,细长构件410移动以更加远离彼此。电极支撑件405可包括多个电极组件425。在一些实施例中,每个电极组件425包括多个细长构件410。
在一些实施例中,每个电极组件425可包括三个细长构件410。第一细长构件410可承载多个接地电极430,第二细长构件410可承载多个有源电极435且第三个细长构件410可承载多个传感器元件440。在一些实施例中,接地电极430、有源电极435和传感器元件440在相邻的细长构件410上沿纵向分组。在一些实施例中,单个传感器元件440可被设置在具有多个接地电极430的第一细长构件410和具有多个有源电极435的第二细长构件410之间的细长构件410上。在其他实施例中,如在图12中所示的,细长构件410可按与纵轴线成一个角度的方式进行扭转或倾斜。在一些实施例中,电极支撑件405包括两个电极组件425,其位于可扩张构件130的基本上相对的两侧上。在一些实施例中,电极支撑件405包括三个电极组件425,其位于在可扩张构件130的周围彼此基本上等距离间隔处。在一些实施例中,细长构件410基本上是平行的。
在一些实施例中,接地430和有源435电极和传感器元件440的组的轴向位置在相邻的电极组件425上相偏离。例如,如在图12中所示,在一些实施例中,根据一对通常为圆筒形治疗区A和B,电极组件可被布置在可扩张构件130上,在此处所示的是在扩张状态中。在其他实施例中,可扩张构件130或治疗系统的其他部件可包括不在治疗区中的或以其他方式未被使用或被配置成输送治疗能量的额外的电极组件。
在图13中进一步地示出了治疗区A和B和相关联的电极组件140a‐c,其为图12所示的电极支撑件405的一部分的“展开”描述。治疗区A和B彼此沿纵轴线L‐L为纵向相邻,且可进行配置以使通过电极组件所施加的能量产生不重叠的治疗。通过纵向相邻的双极电极组件425a‐c所施加的治疗可以是沿纵轴线L‐L的周向非连续的。例如,参照图13,在治疗区A中所产生的毁损灶可能在一些实施例中与在治疗区B中所产生的毁损灶绕圆周(在该视图中为关于L‐L成横向地)的重叠最小化。然而,在其他的实施例中,通过电极组件,如图13中所示的电极组件所施加的能量可能沿纵向、沿圆周和/或以其他方式在至少一定程度上发生重叠。
在一些实施例中,传感器元件440可被设置在邻近接地电极430和/或有源电极435处。在一些实施例中,接地电极430、有源电极435和/或传感器元件440可沿可扩张构件130的长度延伸。在一些实施例中,接地电极430、有源电极435和/或传感器元件440可基本上沿可扩张构件130的全长延伸。
转向图14,在一些实施例中,肾神经消融器械500可包括可一起移动的电极支撑件405,其中多个柔性细长构件510是沿可扩张构件130的外表面成螺旋或螺线样式或取向进行设置的。如上面所讨论的,可扩张构件130可被设置在细长管状构件或导管轴122的远侧区处、其上、其周围或其附近。在一些实施例中,电极支撑件505可被固定地附至细长管状构件或导管轴122且免于附接至可扩张构件130的本体135。在一些实施例中,电极支撑件505可从坍缩输送状态扩张至扩张状态。电极支撑件505可包括电极组件525,其可包括多个柔性细长组件510,其具有被固定附至导管轴122的近端520。在图14中所示的实施例中,电极组件525具有仅在其近端520和远端515彼此相连接的三个细长构件510。在一些实施例中,细长构件510的近端520可被附至在近侧腰部136和导管轴122之间的连接区中的可扩张构件130的近侧腰部136。
在一些实施例中,电极支撑件505被设置在可扩张构件130上并在可扩张构件130扩张时扩张。除了在其远515和近端520,细长构件510免于被附至可扩张构件130的本体135且免于彼此附接。电极支撑件505可与具有变化的扩张尺寸的可扩张构件130相结合使用。细长构件510可在其远515和近520端进行彼此附接。在一些实施例中,细长构件510的远端515可被附到可扩张构件130的远侧腰部137且细长构件510的近端520可被附至可扩张构件130的近侧腰部136。在其他实施例中,细长构件510的远515和近520端可被附至导管轴122。电极支撑件505可包括多个沿电极支撑件505轴向间隔的电极组件525。
在一些实施例中,电极组件525可包括三个细长构件510。第一细长构件510可承载多个接地电极530,第二细长构件510可承载多个有源电极535且第三个细长构件510可承载多个传感器元件540。在一些实施例中,接地电极530、有源电极535和传感器元件540在相邻的细长构件510上沿轴向分组,如在图14中所示。在一些实施例中,单个传感器元件540可被设置在具有多个接地电极530的第一细长构件510和具有多个有源电极535的第二细长构件510之间的细长构件510上。在其他实施例中,如在图14中所示的,细长构件510可按与纵轴线成一个角度的方式进行扭转或倾斜,从而形成螺旋。在一些实施例中,电极支撑件505包括一个或多个沿可扩张构件130的外表面成螺旋或螺线样式或取向进行设置的细长支撑件511。细长支撑件511可平衡电极组件525。细长支撑件511可不具有电极或其他元件。在一些实施例中,可能存在有两组三个细长支撑件511。细长支撑件511可仅在其近和远端彼此连接且可免于附接至可扩张构件130的本体135。细长构件510的远端515可被连接至细长支撑件511的远端。
在一些实施例中,电极支撑件505包括被连接至接地电极530、有源电极535和传感器元件540的电路(未示出)。在一些实施例中,电路从每个电极向近侧延伸至导管轴122。在一些实施例中,电路的第一部分沿细长构件510向近侧延伸至导管轴122,且电路的第二部分沿细长构件510向远侧延伸至细长构件510的远端515。电路的第二部分随后则可被转移至细长支撑件511中的一个或多个且沿一个或多个细长支撑件511向近侧延伸至导管轴122。电路的这种分离分布可允许更窄和更具柔性的细长构件510。
接地电极530、有源电极535和传感器元件540可基本上按彼此相平行的方式进行取向。可布置螺旋或螺线样式或取向,从而使被置于与可扩张构件130的纵轴线L‐L成法向或相垂直的平面可与电极支撑件525、接地电极530、有源电极535和/或传感器元件540在单个位置上相交,从而在沿可扩张构件130的长度的任意位置上,电极支撑件525、接地电极530、有源电极535和/或传感器元件540均不会沿纵向和其本身相重叠。然而,也可考虑其他布置。
沿可扩张构件130长度的螺旋取向形成了在可扩张构件130所在的内腔或血管中的至少一个完整的(360度)的周向环。电极在身体通道周围的组织内的一个位置上提供加热,而不会损坏身体通道的壁,从而扰乱围绕身体通道壁的组织中的神经。需要螺旋取向以有助于避免增加发生狭窄的风险,这可能会发生在电极被设置在与身体通道的纵轴线成法向的单个平面中时(即,圆形电极或电极组)。
在一些实施例中,肾神经消融器械300、400、500可包括单个接地电极330、430、530和单个有源电极335、435、535。因此,接地电极330、430、530和有源电极335、435、535可相结合以形成双极电极对。当肾神经消融器械300、400、500通电时,如按上述方式进行时,RF能量或其他合适的能量可从有源电极335、435通往接地电极330、430、530,从而沿在其中已定位有可扩张构件130的身体通道产生相应的毁损灶或多个毁损灶。传感器元件340、440、540可定位在接地电极330、430、530和有源电极335、435、535之间。传感器元件340、440、540可包括至少一个温度传感器,如热敏电阻或热电偶,其位于可扩张构件130的外表面上。至少一个温度传感器可位于接地电极330、430、530和有源电极335、435、535之间,且可被配置成监控靶组织、有源和接地电极或这两者的温度,如上面所讨论的。在一些实施例中,至少一个温度传感器可包括多个温度传感器,其被配置成在沿可扩张构件130的长度的多个位置上监控靶组织、有源电极、接地电极或其任意组合的温度。
现在转向图15,在一些实施例中,肾神经消融器械600可包括类似于上面关于图14的实施例所讨论的电极支撑件605,但其中电极组件625可缺少接地电极,或接地电极可不被连接至控制单元110,从而使有源电极635可形成单极电极。如上面所讨论的,电极支撑件605可包括多个沿可扩张构件130的外表面成螺旋或螺线样式或取向进行设置的柔性细长支撑件610。在一些实施例中,电极支撑件605可被固定地附至细长管状构件或导管轴122。在一些实施例中,电极支撑件605可从坍缩输送状态扩张至扩张状态。电极支撑件605可包括电极组件625,其可包括多个柔性细长组件610,其具有被固定附至导管轴122的近端620。在图15中所示的实施例中,电极组件625具有仅在其近端620和远端615彼此相连接的三个细长构件610。在一些实施例中,细长构件610的近端620可被附至在近侧腰部136和导管轴122之间的连接区中的可扩张构件130的近侧腰部136。
在一些实施例中,电极支撑件605被设置在可扩张构件130上并在可扩张构件130扩张时扩张。细长构件610免于被附至可扩张构件130的本体135,从而允许细长构件610在扩张期间移动以更远离彼此。细长构件610可在其远615和近620端进行彼此附接。在一些实施例中,细长构件610的远端615可被附到可扩张构件130的远侧腰部137且细长构件610的近端520可被附至可扩张构件130的近侧腰部136。在其他实施例中,细长构件610的远615和近620端可被附至导管轴122。电极支撑件605可包括多个沿电极支撑件605轴向间隔的电极组件625。
在一些实施例中,电极支撑件605包括一个或多个沿可扩张构件130的外表面成螺旋或螺线样式或取向进行设置的额外的细长构件611。细长支撑件511可平衡电极组件625。额外的细长构件611可不具有电极或其他元件。在一些实施例中,可能存在有两组三个额外的细长构件611。额外的细长构件611可仅在其近和远端彼此连接且可免于连接至可扩张构件130的本体135。
在利用单极电极的实施例中,可使用单独的共用接地电极632。共用接地电极632可以是用于有源电极635的返回电路径。因此,能量可被输送至有源电极635且共用接地电极可以是返回电路径。顾名思义,共用接地电极可被用作一个以上的有源电极的共用接地。例如,消融器械600可包括多个有源电极,如在图15中所示,且共用接地电极可以是至少一些或至少在一些实施例中为所有的有源电极的共用接地。所考虑的各种实施例可包括任何适当数量的有源电极,包括一个、两个、三个、四个、五个、六个、七个、八个、九个、十个或更多的有源电极。
由于共用接地电极可被用作多个有源电极的返回电极,有源电极无需具有与每个有源电极成对的双极返回电极(即,接地迹线)。这可允许有源电极和/或其他与其相关联的结构以更小的尺寸或占用空间进行构造。这可理想地影响器械的总构造。例如,较小的有源电极可更具柔性,当向近侧缩回消融器械时更易于进行电极支撑件的收缩或折叠,减小消融器械的轮廓等。
在使用中,消融器械300、400、500、600可通过血管被推进到邻近靶组织的位置(例如,在肾动脉内)。在一些实施例中,靶组织可以是被设置在肾动脉周围的一个或多个肾神经。当进行适当地定位时,可扩张构件130可从坍缩输送形态扩张至扩张形态。这可将有源电极335、435、535、635靠着血管壁进行放置。可激活有源电极335、435、535、635。消融能量在双极配置中可从有源电极335、435、535、635进行传输通过靶组织(可对肾神经进行消融、调制或以其他方式影响肾神经处)并返回通过接地电极440、430、50、630,或在单极配置中返回通过共用接地电极632。
可用于消融器300、400、500、600(和/或本文所公开的其他器械)的各种组件的材料可包括通常与医疗器械相关联的那些。为了简单起见,下面的讨论参考了消融器械300、400、500、600。然而,这并不旨在限制本文所述的器械和方法,这是因为讨论也适用于本文所公开的其他类似的管状构件和/或可扩张构件和/或管状构件和/或可扩张构件的组件。
消融器械300、400、500、600和其各种组件可由金属、金属合金、聚合物(其中的一些例子如下公开)、金属‐聚合物复合材料、陶瓷、它们的组合等或其他合适的材料制成。合适的聚合物的一些实例可包括聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)、乙烯‐四氟乙烯(ETFE)、氟化乙烯丙烯(FEP)、聚氧甲烯(POM,例如,可从DuPont购得的)、聚醚嵌段酯、聚氨酯(例如,聚氨酯85A)、聚丙烯(PP)、聚氯乙烯(PVC)、聚醚‐酯(例如,可从DSM工程塑料购得的
Figure BDA0000926219690000252
)、基于醚或酯的共聚物(例如,丁烯/聚(亚烷基醚)邻苯二甲酸酯和/或其他聚酯弹性体(如可从DuPont购得的
Figure BDA0000926219690000253
)、聚酰胺(例如,可从Bayer购得的
Figure BDA0000926219690000254
或可从ElfAtochem购得的
Figure BDA0000926219690000255
)、弹性体聚酰胺、嵌段聚酰胺/醚、聚醚嵌段酰胺(PEBA,例如,可按商品名
Figure BDA0000926219690000256
购得的)、乙烯醋酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)、硅树脂、聚乙烯(PE)、Marlex高密度聚乙烯、Marlex低密度聚乙烯、线性低密度聚乙烯(例如,
Figure BDA0000926219690000257
)、聚酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚三亚甲基对苯二酸酯、聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯(PEN)、聚醚醚酮(PEEK)、聚酰亚胺(PI)、聚醚酰亚胺(PEI)、聚苯硫醚(PPS)、聚苯醚(PPO)、聚对苯二甲酰对苯二胺(例如,
Figure BDA0000926219690000261
)、聚砜、尼龙、尼龙‐12(如可从EMSAmerican Grilon购得的
Figure BDA0000926219690000262
)、全氟(丙基乙烯基醚)(PFA)、乙烯‐乙烯醇、聚烯烃、聚苯乙烯、环氧树脂、聚偏二氯乙烯(PVdC)、聚(苯乙烯‐b‐异丁烯‐B‐苯乙烯)(例如,SIBS和/或SIBS 50A)、聚碳酸酯、离聚物、生物相容性聚合物、其他合适的材料或其混合物、组合和共聚物、聚合物/金属组合物等。在一些实施例中,护套可混合有液晶聚合物(LCP)。例如,混合物可含有高达6%的LCP。
合适的金属和金属合金的一些实例包括不锈钢,如304V、304L和316LV不锈钢;软钢;镍‐钛合金,如线性弹性和/或超弹性镍钛诺;其他镍合金,如镍‐铬‐钼合金(例如,UNS:N06625,如
Figure BDA0000926219690000263
625;UNS:N06022,如
Figure BDA0000926219690000264
UNS:N10276,如
Figure BDA0000926219690000265
其他
Figure BDA0000926219690000266
合金等)、镍‐铜合金(例如,UNS:N04400,如
Figure BDA0000926219690000267
400、
Figure BDA0000926219690000268
400、
Figure BDA0000926219690000269
400等)、镍‐钴‐铬‐钼合金(例如,UNS:R30035,如
Figure BDA00009262196900002610
等)、镍‐钼合金(例如,UNS:N10665,如
Figure BDA00009262196900002611
ALLOY
Figure BDA00009262196900002612
)、其他镍‐铬合金、其他镍‐钼合金、其他镍‐钴合金、其他镍‐铁合金、其他镍‐铜合金、其他镍‐钨或钨合金等;钴‐铬合金;钴‐铬‐钼合金(例如,UNS:R30003,如等);铂富集不锈钢;钛;其组合;等;或任何其他合适的材料。
如本文所提到的,在市售的镍‐钛或镍钛诺合金的家族内的种类被指定为“线性弹性的”或“非超弹性的”,虽然其可能在化学性上与常规的形状记忆和超弹性品种相类似,但仍可表现出不同且有用的机械性能。线性弹性和/或非超弹性镍钛诺可与超弹性镍钛诺相区分,这是因为线性弹性和/或非超弹性镍钛诺在其应力/应变曲线中未显示出像超弹性镍钛诺的基本上为“超弹性平坦区域”或“标志区域”。相反地,在线性弹性和/或非超弹性镍钛诺中,随着可恢复应变增加,应力继续以大致线性或稍有些但却不一定是完全线性的关系增加直到塑性变形开始或至少处于比可从弹性镍钛诺看到的超弹性平坦区域和/或标志区域更具线性的关系中。因此,为了本发明的目的,线性弹性和/或非超弹性镍钛诺也可被称作“基本上”线性弹性和/或非超弹性镍钛诺。
在一些情况下,线性弹性和/或非超弹性镍钛诺也可与超弹性镍钛诺相区分,这是因为线性弹性和/或非超弹性镍钛诺在基本上保持弹性(例如,在发生塑性变形前)可接受高达约2‐5%的应变,而超弹性镍钛诺仅可在塑性变形前接受约8%的应变。这两种材料均可与线性弹性材料,如不锈钢(其也可基于其组成而进行区分)相区分,不锈钢仅可在塑性变形前接受约0.2至0.44%的应变。
在一些实施例中,线性弹性和/或非超弹性镍钛合金是一种合金,其未显示出在大的温度范围内可通过差示扫描量热法(DSC)和动态金属热分析(DMTA)检测到的任何马氏体/奥氏体相变化。例如,在一些实施例中,在线性弹性和/或非超弹性镍钛合金中不具有在约‐60摄氏度(℃)至约120℃的范围中可通过DSC和DMTA分析检测到的马氏体/奥氏体相变化。因此,对于实现这种非常宽的温度范围的温度来说,这种材料的机械弯曲性能总的来说是惰性的。在一些实施例中,线性弹性和/或非超弹性镍钛合金在环境温度或室温下的机械弯曲性能基本上与在体温的机械性能相同,例如,这是因为其未显示出超弹性平坦区域和/或标志区域。换句话说,在宽温度范围内,线性弹性和/或非超弹性镍钛合金保持了其线性弹性和/或非超弹性特征和/或性能。
在一些实施例,线性弹性和/或非超弹性镍钛合金可含有在约50至约60重量百分比范围中的镍,其他的则基本上为钛。在一些实施例中,组合物含有在约54至约57重量百分比范围中的镍。合适的镍钛合金的一个实例为可从日本神奈川县的Furukawa TechnoMaterial Co.购得的FHP‐NT。在美国专利号5238004和6508803中公开了镍钛合金的一些实例,其通过引用并入本文。其它合适的材料可包括ULTANIUMTM(可从Neo‐Metrics购得)以及GUM METALTM(可从Toyota购得)。在一些其他实施例中,超弹性合金,例如超弹性镍钛诺可用于实现所需的性能。
在至少一些实施例中,消融器械120的部分也可掺杂有不透射线的材料、由其制成或以其他方式包括不透射线的材料。不透射线的材料被理解为能在医疗手术期间在荧光透视屏上或以另一种成像技术产生相对明亮的图像。该相对明亮的图像有助于消融器械120的用户确定其位置。不透射线的材料的一些实例可包括,但不限于,金、铂、钯、钽、钨合金、载有不透射线填料的聚合物材料等。另外,其他不透射线的标记带和/或线圈也可结合至消融器械120的设计中以实现相同的结果。
在一些实施例中,一定程度的磁共振成像(MRI)相容性可被赋予至消融器械120中。例如,器械的部分可由基本上不会使图像扭曲并创建可观的伪影(即,图像中的间隙)的材料制成。例如,某些铁磁性材料可能是不合适的,这是因为其在MRI图像中创建了伪影。在这些实施例中的一些以及在其他实施例中,消融器械120的部分也可由MRI机器能成像的材料制成。一些表现出这些特征的材料,包括,例如钨、钴‐铬‐钼合金(如,UNS:R30003,如
Figure BDA0000926219690000271
等)、镍‐钴‐铬‐钼合金(如,UNS:R30035,如
Figure BDA0000926219690000272
等)、镍钛诺和类似物和其它。
下列文件的整个公开均通过引用全部并入本文:2013年1月25日提交的且题为“重建身体通道的组织或邻近身体通道的组织的方法和器械”的序列号为13/750879(代理人案号为1001.3095102)的美国专利申请。
应理解的是本发明在多个方面上仅是说明性的。在不超越本发明范围的前提下,可在细节上,特别是形状、大小和步骤的安排事项上做出变化。这可包括在适当的程度上使用用于其他实施例中的一个实例实施例的特性中的任何特性。当然,本发明的范围是以表述所附权利要求所用的语言进行限定的。

Claims (11)

1.一种用于肾神经消融的医疗器械,其包括:
导管轴;
可扩张构件,其被联接至所述导管轴,且所述可扩张构件具有近侧区、远侧区以及在两者之间延伸的本体,所述可扩张构件为球囊;以及
电极支撑件,其被联接至所述导管轴并位于所述可扩张构件的所述本体上,所述电极支撑件包括多个间隔开的柔性细长构件和多个被设置在所述电极支撑件上的电极组件,所述柔性细长构件各包括远端、近端、和延伸在所述远端和所述近端之间的本体,所述电极支撑件能够用所述可扩张构件进行扩张,其中所述电极支撑件免于与所述可扩张构件的所述本体进行附接,其中所述多个间隔开的柔性细长构件彼此连接,并且其中所述多个隔开的柔性细长构件按螺旋方式延伸在所述可扩张球囊的本体上。
2.根据权利要求1所述的医疗器械,其中每个间隔开的柔性细长构件包括至少两个成间隔开构造的所述电极组件。
3.根据权利要求1-2中任一项所述的医疗器械,其中所述电极支撑件包括近侧部分,其中所述电极支撑件和所述可扩张构件仅在所述电极支撑件的所述近侧部分以及所述可扩张构件的所述近侧区彼此附接。
4.根据权利要求1-2中任一项所述的医疗器械,其中所述电极支撑件包括每组为所述多个间隔开的柔性细长构件中的三个的两个以上间隔开的组,其中每一个间隔开的组均包括承载源电极的第一间隔开的柔性细长构件、包括一个或多个温度传感器的第二间隔开的柔性细长构件以及承载接地电极的第三间隔开的柔性细长构件。
5.根据权利要求1-2中任一项所述的医疗器械,其中所述多个电极组件中的至少一些包括一对双极电极。
6.根据权利要求1-2中任一项所述的医疗器械,其中所述多个电极组件中的至少一些包括温度传感器。
7.根据权利要求6所述的医疗器械,其中所述温度传感器位于所述多个电极组件的一个的底表面和所述可扩张构件的外表面之间。
8.根据权利要求1-2中任一项所述的医疗器械,其中所述可扩张构件包括在所述可扩张构件的从远侧区延伸至近侧区的外表面中的一个或多个通道。
9.根据权利要求1-2中任一项所述的医疗器械,其中所述可扩张构件为顺应性球囊。
10.根据权利要求1-2中任一项所述的医疗器械,其中所述可扩张构件为非顺应性球囊。
11.根据权利要求1-2中任一项所述的医疗器械,其中所述可扩张构件包括沿所述本体延伸的一个或多个通道,所述通道位于所述多个间隔开的柔性细长构件之间。
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