CN1053591C - 硝酸甘油橡皮膏的制备方法 - Google Patents

硝酸甘油橡皮膏的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN1053591C
CN1053591C CN92105694A CN92105694A CN1053591C CN 1053591 C CN1053591 C CN 1053591C CN 92105694 A CN92105694 A CN 92105694A CN 92105694 A CN92105694 A CN 92105694A CN 1053591 C CN1053591 C CN 1053591C
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狄特·布特尼尔
寒宁·诺白尔多夫
汗-米·沃尔夫
莱尼尔·赫夫曼
莱·麦科尼
罗·皮·克来恩
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种经皮肤给予硝酸甘油用皮肤橡皮膏，除了一层载体膜和一层可撕去的保护膜以外，由一种以交联丙烯酸酯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物为基料并含硝酸甘油的胶粘质组成，其用于聚合的单体混合物含有21至40%(重量)醋酸乙烯酯、55至70%(重量)丙烯酸、C2-8-烷基酯和3至10%(重量)丙烯酸C2-4-羟基烷基酯，混入常见的交联剂和硝酸甘油后，再加热除去存在的溶剂使之交联。本发明特殊的胶粘质不仅硝酸甘油容量大，而且也有高而可控制的释出能力，因而对于每天必需的释放量来说，可保持小的橡皮膏释放面积，从而使橡皮膏成本极低。同时，由于胶粘质简单而简化了制备工艺，节省了为提高经皮肤传质而添加的其它物质，进一步降低了橡皮膏的成本，并避免了皮肤刺激的危险性。

Description

硝酸甘油橡皮膏的制备方法
本发明涉及一种用于经皮肤给予硝酸甘油的皮肤橡皮膏，由一种载体膜和一种以交取丙烯酸酯共聚物为基料含硝酸甘油的胶粘质组成。该橡皮膏还包括一层保护膜，在使用橡皮膏之前，即将其贴到皮肤上之前将保护膜撕下来。
已经公开了许多用于经皮肤给予硝酸甘油的橡皮膏。例如，DE2135533和DE3315272就描述了多层结构并可控制生物活性物质输出的橡皮膏。按照不同的机理释放硝酸甘油，有的由一种单层贮器通过一种控制膜(DE2135533)，有的则通过多层贮器的特别构造(DE3315272)。由于多层皮肤膏由于制造复杂而相当昂贵，人们近年来开发了除载体膜外只由一层拼成的橡皮膏。为了容纳足够量的硝酸甘油，并能够再向皮肤输出足够量的硝酸甘油，人们开发了有不同活性物质容量、活性物质输出和在皮肤的粘附性等性质的各种自贴式胶粘质。作为例子，这里列举GB-A2095108、DE-OS3231400、GB-A2086224、EP-A0062682、EP85903926.5、EP86902978.5、EP0285550.EP0272562、US4608249和DE-PS3200369。按照所用的材料和交联度的不同，这些橡皮膏具有各种不同的硝酸甘油容量和输出能力，并表现出不同的皮肤粘附能力。不同的皮肤承受性同样起重要的作用。有些橡皮膏含有用来提高经表皮传质能力的辅助材料(称为吸收加速剂)。
本发明的任务是制造一种经皮肤给予硝酸甘油的皮肤橡皮膏，特征在于使用了一种粘合剂，该粘合剂不仅有尽可能高的硝酸甘油容量，而且也有高输出能力，因此对于每天所必需的释放量可保持小的橡皮膏释放面积，并由此使得橡皮膏的成本尽可能低。同时，通过使用特殊的胶粘剂，应该简化制造过程，减低成本并省去添加吸收加速剂。这种配药过程的简化同时可减少皮肤刺激和/或胶粘质中硝酸甘油浓度不可控变化的危险性，这种危险在吸收加速剂由胶粘质渗透进皮肤时可伴随发生。
本发明的用于经皮给予硝酸甘油的皮肤橡皮膏由一层载体薄膜、一层以交联丙烯酸酯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物为基料的含硝酸甘油的胶粘质和一层通常可撕去的保护膜构成，其特征在于，如下这样制备含硝酸甘油的胶粘质，第一阶段，使由21至40％(重量)醋酸乙烯酯、55至70％(重量)丙烯酸C2-8-烷基酯和3至10％(重量)的丙烯酸C2-4-羟基烷基酯组成的混合物(混合物中为100％(重量)的单体)在一种有机溶剂中进行一种游离基的聚合，然后在第二阶段使一种常见交联剂在一种有机溶剂中和对于所需的橡皮膏用途必要量的硝酸甘油必要时在一种有机溶剂中相混合，最后在第三阶段使得到的混合物及一定的丙烯酸酯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物在一附加阶段加热交联并除去所加的有机溶剂及溶剂混合物，通过以特殊的方式对特定的丙烯酸酯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物进行追补和附加交联，使含有的硝酸甘油“装入”胶粘质中。丙烯酸酯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物的相对粘度为3.0至4.2。
优选使单体混合物除醋酸乙烯酯外还含有2-乙基己基丙烯酸酯和羟基乙基丙烯酸酯。优选使所说的丙烯酸酯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物与一种尤其是占共聚物重量0.3至3％(重量)的由聚钛酸丁酯和/或乙酰丙酮化钛组成的钛酸酯进行如下的交联。
制备本发明橡皮膏工艺的特征在于，将对于橡皮膏所需用途必要量的硝酸甘油和含有一种交联剂或常见混合交联剂的一种由21至40％(重量)醋酸乙烯酯、55至70％(重量)丙烯酸C2-8-烷基酯和3至10％(重量)丙烯酸C2-4-羟基烷基酯组成的单体混合物进行游离基聚合后得到的共聚物的溶液以所需的厚度涂到橡皮膏的保护层上，加热脱去溶剂或混合溶剂，并随后交联这种所说的丙烯酸酯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物。
优选方法的特征在于，使丙烯酸酯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物、硝酸甘油和交联剂溶于一种溶剂中，该溶剂含有20至40％(重量)的乙醇或一种乙醇-甲醇混合物；并有一种40至60％的由特定的丙烯酸酯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物、交联剂和硝酸甘油组成的混合固体组分。
实施例
本发明经皮肤使用硝酸甘油的皮肤橡皮膏的制备方法，其数量说明以附着面积为100m2为基准。
在强烈混合条件下，向16.00Kg 40％(G/G)的丙烯酸醋-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物溶液中缓慢加入4.00Kg油状形式的硝酸甘油。随后搅拌使混合均匀。在这种胶粘溶液中形成一种20％(G/G)的硝酸甘油溶液。
丙烯酸酯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物这样制得：
从112g醋酸乙烯酯、270g 2-乙基己基丙烯酸酯、20g羟基乙基丙烯酸酯、1.4g偶氮二异丁腈和407g醋酸乙酯的总量中，向115g醋酸乙酯加入112g醋酸乙烯酯、39g2-乙基己基丙烯酸酯、3g羟基乙基丙烯酸酯和0.5g偶氮二异丁腈，加热至回流。在恒定回流条件下，在4小时时间内加入这些组合的剩余部分。聚合结束后，将混合物冷却至室温。得到的胶粘聚合物溶液在25℃时的粘度为5300mpa.s，用一种Brookfie1d粘度计测量，溶液的固体组分占47.9％，相比粘度为3.1。
向该溶液中加入1.35乙酰丙酮钛和足量的乙醇或乙醇-醋酸乙酯混合物，以使将产物中的固体含量调节到40％。
                      例1
将上述含20％(G/G)硝酸甘油的胶粘溶液涂到一层100μm厚的硅酮化的聚酯薄膜上，使其在除去溶剂后得到一层单位面积重量为92g/m2的膜片。用一层19μm厚的聚酯薄膜覆盖该膜片，并冲割成接触面积为16qcm的橡皮膏(图1和2)。一块这样制备的重420mg的皮肤橡皮膏含有55mg硝酸甘油。
为了评价在活体外的活性物质释放性能，将一块冲割面积为3.14qcm的橡皮膏在一个改性的Franz扩散小室内(见Chi-en，Yie W.，今日药品23卷，11期(1987)625-646页)固定到无毛鼠的皮肤标本上。
紧接着用18.00ml等张的磷酸盐缓冲液(32士0.5℃)无气泡地浇灌到小室中，并恒温在32士0.5℃。在2，4，6和24小时后，将该释放介质换成新鲜的、恒温到32±0.5℃的溶液。对取出的溶液进行HPLC色谱分析(＝高效液相色谱分析)(文献：Pharm.Biol.4，32(1981))，测定其硝酸甘油含量。图3为用这种方法测出的16qcm大的橡皮膏的释放曲线。
平均硝酸甘油释放率(±S.D.)为(n＝3)：
2小时后    2.32±0.56mg/16qcm
4小时后    4.42±1.00mg/16qcm
6小时后    6.43±1.33mg/16qcm
24小时后   18.74±2.43mg/16qcm
例2
向上述含20％(G/G)硝酸甘油的胶粘溶液再加入0.8％(G/G)乙酰丙酮钛(制造商：Dynamit Nobel(荷兰，B.V.，在异丙醇中形成的75％(G/G)的溶液)，以聚丙烯酸酯胶粘溶液中40％(G/G)的固体组分另加硝酸甘油为基准计算，并均化该混合物。将该溶液涂到一层100μm厚的硅酮化聚酯膜上，使得脱除溶剂后得到一层单位面积重量为93g/m2的膜片。用一层19μm厚的聚酯膜覆盖该膜片，并冲割成接触面积为16qcm的橡皮膏(图1和2)。这样制成的一块重量为420mg的皮肤橡皮膏含55mg硝酸甘油。
相应于例1中的方法进行活性物质释放。对应的释放曲线同样在图3中示出。
平均硝酸甘油释放率(±S.D.)为(n＝3)：
2小时后    0.54±0.20mg/16qcm
4小时后    1.20±0.37mg/16qcm
6小时后    1.78±0.53mg/16qcm
24小时后   6.60±1.56mg/16qcm
例3
将上述含20％(G/G)硝酸甘油的胶粘溶液涂到100μm厚的硅酮化聚酯膜上，除去溶剂后，得到一层单位面积重量为64g/m2的膜片。用一层19μm厚的聚酯膜覆盖该膜片，并冲割成接触面积为16qcm的橡皮膏(图1和2)。这样制成的一块重360mg的皮肤橡皮膏含40mg硝酸甘油。按例1的方法进行活性物质释放。图3同样示出了得到的相应的释放曲线。
平均的硝酸甘油释放率(±S.D.)为(n＝3)：
2小时后    1.27±0.29mg/16qcm
4小时后    2.48±0.48mg/16qcm
6小时后    3.56±0.60mg/16qcm
24小时后   10.79±0.82mg/16qcm。

Claims (7)

1、一种经皮肤给予硝酸甘油的皮肤橡皮膏的制备方法，橡皮膏由一层载体膜、一层以丙烯酸酯一醋酸乙烯酯共聚物为基料含硝酸甘油的胶粘质和一层用前可撕去的保护膜组成，其特征在于，使一种由21至40％(重量)醋酸乙烯酯、55至70％(重量)丙烯酸C2-8-烷基酯和3至10％(重量)丙烯酸C2-4羟基烷基酯(以所用单体混合物重量为100％)组成的单体混合物在一种有机溶剂中进行游离基聚合，将制得的丙烯酸酯——醋酸乙烯酯共聚物的含对于所需橡皮膏应用必要量硝酸甘油和一种交联剂的溶液以所需的厚度涂到橡皮膏的保护膜上，加热除去溶剂或溶剂混合物，使所说的丙烯酸酯-醋酸乙烯酯进行交联，然后盖上载体膜，并将橡皮膏切成和/或冲割成所需的大小。
2、权利要求1所述的方法，其特征是，丙烯酸C2-4-羟基烷基酯是羟乙基丙烯酸酯。
3、权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征是，除2-羟基乙基丙烯酸酯以外的丙烯酸C2-8-烷基酯是丙烯酸乙酯。
4、权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征是，交联剂是一种钛酸酯或一种钛酸酯混合物。
5、权利要求4所述的方法，其特征是，用0.3至3％(重量)的钛酸酯或钛酸酯混合物进行交联，这些重量百分数是以含交联剂的、通过游离基聚合得到的共聚物的重量为基准计算的。
6、权利要求4所述的方法；其特征是，交联剂是乙酰丙酮钛和/或聚钛酸丁酯。
7、权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征是，使所说的丙烯酸酯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物、硝酸甘油和交联剂共同溶于一种溶剂混合物中，该溶剂混合物含有20至40％(重量)乙醇或乙醇-甲醇混合物，溶液中丙烯酸酯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物、交联剂和硝酸甘油组成的固体组分占40至60％(重量)。
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EP0588839B1 (de) 1995-08-16
DE59203307D1 (de) 1995-09-21
NO934518L (no) 1993-12-09
HU9303532D0 (en) 1994-04-28
FI935522A (fi) 1993-12-09
HUT65979A (en) 1994-08-29
JPH06506944A (ja) 1994-08-04
ES2077419T3 (es) 1995-11-16
EP0518113A1 (de) 1992-12-16
EP0588839A1 (de) 1994-03-30
ATE126434T1 (de) 1995-09-15
GR3017689T3 (en) 1996-01-31
FI101854B1 (fi) 1998-09-15
NO934518D0 (no) 1993-12-09
WO1992022292A1 (de) 1992-12-23
FI935522A0 (fi) 1993-12-09
CN1072093A (zh) 1993-05-19
KR0165875B1 (ko) 1999-01-15
IE67792B1 (en) 1996-04-17
US5498418A (en) 1996-03-12
CA2109956A1 (en) 1992-12-23
IE921863A1 (en) 1992-12-16
CA2109956C (en) 1998-05-05
FI101854B (fi) 1998-09-15
UA29400C2 (uk) 2000-11-15
GEP19991583B (en) 1999-04-29
DK0588839T3 (da) 1995-12-27
NO305384B1 (no) 1999-05-25
JP2579729B2 (ja) 1997-02-12
HU210334B (en) 1995-03-28

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