CN104744475B - 用于与mTOR/PI3K/AKT/途径相关的肿瘤适应症和疾病的mTOR激酶抑制剂 - Google Patents
用于与mTOR/PI3K/AKT/途径相关的肿瘤适应症和疾病的mTOR激酶抑制剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN104744475B CN104744475B CN201510072669.6A CN201510072669A CN104744475B CN 104744475 B CN104744475 B CN 104744475B CN 201510072669 A CN201510072669 A CN 201510072669A CN 104744475 B CN104744475 B CN 104744475B
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Abstract
本发明涉及用于与mTOR/PI3K/AKT/途径相关的肿瘤适应症和疾病的mTOR激酶抑制剂。具体而言,本发明提供了具有如下结构(I)或(II)的杂芳基化合物(其中R1‑R4如此处定义)、包含有效量的杂芳基化合物的组合物,以及治疗或预防癌症、炎症性疾病、免疫疾病、神经退行性疾病、糖尿病、肥胖、神经障碍、年龄相关性疾病或心血管疾病的方法,所述方法包括向有此需要的患者施用有效量的所述杂芳基化合物。
Description
本申请是申请日为2009年10月27日、申请号为200980150130.0、名称为“用于与mTOR/PI3K/AKT/途径相关的肿瘤适应症和疾病的mTOR激酶抑制剂”的发明申请的分案。
本申请主张2008年10月27日提交的美国临时申请号61/108,627的权利,其全文在此引入作为参考。
技术领域
本发明提供了一些杂芳基化合物、包含有效量的一种或多种该种化合物的组合物,以及治疗或预防癌症、炎症性疾病、免疫疾病、代谢疾病和可通过抑制激酶途径治疗或预防的病症的方法,所述方法包括向有此需要的患者施用有效量的杂芳基化合物。
背景技术
人们已了解异常蛋白磷酸化和疾病的病因或结果之间的联系超过20年。相应地,蛋白激酶已成为一个非常重要的药物靶标组。参见Cohen,Nature,1:309-315(2002)。多种蛋白激酶抑制剂已被用于临床治疗各种疾病,例如癌症和慢性炎症性疾病,包括糖尿病和中风。参见Cohen,Eur.J.Biochem.,268:5001-5010(2001)。
蛋白激酶是一个大的多样性酶家族,其催化蛋白磷酸化,并在细胞信号转导中扮演至关重要的角色。根据靶向的蛋白,蛋白激酶可发挥正向或负向调节作用。蛋白激酶参与特定的信号转导途径,其可调节细胞功能,例如,但不限于,代谢、细胞周期进展、细胞吸附、血管功能、凋亡和血管生成。细胞信号转导的功能异常已与多种疾病关联,其中最具代表性的是癌症和糖尿病。通过细胞激酶进行信号转导的调节以及信号分子与原癌基因和肿瘤抑制基因的关联已经得到充分记载。类似地,在糖尿病和相关病症与蛋白激酶水平下调之间的联系已得到证实。例如,参见Sridhar等人Pharmaceutical Research,17(11):1345-1353(2000)。病毒感染以及与之相关的病症也已与蛋白激酶的条件相关联。Park等人Cell 101(7):777-787(2000)。
蛋白激酶可根据它们靶向的氨基酸(丝氨酸/苏氨酸,酪氨酸,赖氨酸,组氨酸)种类被分为几个大组。例如,酪氨酸激酶包括受体酪氨酸激酶(RTK)如生长因子,以及非受体酪氨酸激酶如src激酶家族。还存在双特异性蛋白激酶,其同时靶向酪氨酸和丝氨酸/苏氨酸,例如周期素依赖性激酶(CDK)和有丝分裂原激活蛋白激酶(MAPK)。
由于蛋白激酶可调节几乎所有细胞过程,包括代谢、细胞增殖、细胞分化和细胞存活,它们成为各种疾病状态的治疗干预中有吸引力的靶标。例如,蛋白激酶在其中扮演了关键角色的细胞周期控制和血管生成是多种疾病相关的细胞过程,该疾病可以是例如,但不限于,癌症、炎症性疾病、血管生成异常和与之相关的疾病、动脉硬化症、黄斑变性、糖尿病、肥胖和疼痛。
蛋白激酶已成为癌症治疗中具有吸引力的靶标。Fabbro等人,Pharmacology&Therapeutics 93:79-98(2002)。已有人提出蛋白激酶可通过如下方式参与人恶性肿瘤形成:(1)基因重排(例如,在慢性骨髓性白血病中的BCR-ABL),(2)可导致组成性激活激酶活性的突变,例如急性骨髓性白血病和胃肠道肿瘤,(3)通过癌基因激活或肿瘤抑制功能的丧失导致激酶活性下调,例如在具有致癌的RAS的癌症中,(4)由过量表达导致的激酶活性下调,例如EGFR,以及(5)可导致赘生物表型的形成和维持的生长因子的异位表达。Fabbro等人,Pharmacology&Therapeutics 93:79-98(2002)。
对复杂的蛋白激酶途径以及各种蛋白激酶和蛋白激酶途径之间的关系和相互作用的复杂性的阐明突出了开发能作为蛋白激酶调制剂、调节剂或抑制剂对多种激酶或多种激酶途径具有有益活性的药剂的重要性。相应地,对于新的激酶调制剂也存在着需求。
被称为mTOR(哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶标)的蛋白(也称为FRAP、RAFTI或RAPT1)是一种2549-氨基酸Ser/Thr蛋白激酶,已显示它是调节细胞生长和增殖的mTOR/PI3K/Akt途径中最关键的蛋白之一。Georgakis和Younes Expert Rev.Anticancer Ther.6(1):131-140(2006)。mTOR存在于两种络合物mTORC1和mTORC2中。mTORC1对雷帕霉素类似物(例如坦西莫司或依维莫司)敏感,而大部分mTORC2对雷帕霉素不敏感。许多mTOR抑制剂已进行或正进行癌症治疗的临床试验评估。坦西莫司于2007年被批准用于肾细胞癌,而依维莫司在2009年被批准用于对血管内皮增长因子受体抑制剂有进展的肾细胞癌患者。此外,西罗莫司在1999年被批准用于肾移植排斥的预防。这些mTORC1化合物令人感兴趣但也较为有限的临床成功证实了mTOR抑制剂在治疗癌症和移植排斥中的用途,以及同时具有mTORC1和mTORC2抑制剂活性的化合物的更高潜力。
本申请第二部分对任意参考文献的引用和指出不应解释为承认该参考文献为本申请的现有技术。
发明简述
本发明提供了具有下式(I)的化合物:
及其药学可接受的盐、笼形物、溶剂化物、互变异构体、立体异构体和前药,其中R1-R4如此处定义。
本发明进一步提供了具有下式(II)的化合物:
及其药学可接受的盐、笼形物、溶剂化物、互变异构体、立体异构体和前药,其中R1、R2和R3如此处定义。
式(I)和(II)的化合物及其药学可接受的盐、笼形物、水合物立体异构体、互变异构体、和前药(在此成为“杂芳基化合物”)可用于治疗或预防癌症、炎症性疾病、免疫疾病、神经退行性疾病、糖尿病、肥胖、神经障碍、年龄相关性疾病和心血管疾病以及可通过抑制激酶途径进行治疗或预防的病症。在一个实施方式中,所述激酶途径为mTOR/PI3K/Akt途径。在另一实施方式中,所述激酶途径为PI3Kα、PI3Kβ、PI3Kδ、KDR、GSK3α、GSK3β、ATM、ATX、ATR、cFMS和/或DNA-PK途径。
本发明进一步提供了包含有效量的杂芳基化合物的组合物以及包含有效量杂芳基化合物和药学可接受的载体或溶媒的组合物。所述组合物可用于治疗或预防癌症、炎症性疾病、免疫疾病、神经退行性疾病、糖尿病、肥胖、神经障碍、年龄相关性疾病和心血管疾病以及可通过抑制激酶途径(在一个实施方式中为mTOR/PI3K/Akt途径)进行治疗或预防的病症。
本发明进一步提供了治疗或预防癌症、炎症性疾病、免疫疾病、神经退行性疾病、糖尿病、肥胖、神经障碍、年龄相关性疾病或心血管疾病以及可通过抑制激酶途径(在一个实施方式中为mTOR/PI3K/Akt途径)进行治疗或预防的病症的方法,其包括向需要治疗或预防的患者施用有效量的杂芳基化合物。
本发明还提供了在表达激酶的细胞中抑制所述激酶的方法,其包括将该细胞与有效量的此处所述的杂芳基化合物相接触。在一个实施方式中,所述激酶为mTOR、DNA-PK或PI3K或其组合。
这些实施方式可通过参考下文的发明详述和实施例得到更完全的理解,这些发明详述和实施例意在阐述而非限制实施方式。
发明详述
定义
“烷基”基团指具有1-10个碳原子、通常具有1-8个碳原子或在一些实施方式中具有1-6、1-4或2-6个碳原子的饱和、部分饱和或不饱和直链或带支链非环状烃。代表性的烷基基团包括-甲基、-乙基、-正丙基、-正丁基、-正戊基和-正己基;而饱和的带支链烷基包括-异丙基、-仲丁基、-异丁基、-叔丁基、-异戊基、2-甲基戊基、3-甲基戊基、4-甲基戊基、2,3-二甲基丁基等。不饱和烷基基团的示例包括,但不限于,乙烯基、烯丙基、-CH=CH(CH3)、-CH=C(CH3)2、-C(CH3)=CH2、-C(CH3)=CH(CH3)、-C(CH2CH3)=CH2、-C≡CH、-C≡C(CH3)、-C≡C(CH2CH3)、-CH2C≡CH、-CH2C≡C(CH3)和-CH2C≡C(CH7CH3)等。烷基基团可被取代或未被取代。
“环烷基”基团是具有3-10个碳原子的饱和、部分饱和或不饱和环状烷基基团,其可居于单个环状的环或多个稠合或桥连的环,其可选地被1-3个烷基基团取代。在一些实施方式中,所述环烷基基团具有3-8个环成员,其中在其它实施方式中,环碳原子的数量在3-5个、3-6个或3-7个范围内。这样的环烷基示例性地包括单环结构如环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基、环庚基、环辛基、1-甲基环丙基、2-甲基环戊基、2-甲基环辛基等,或者多环或桥连环结构如金刚烷基等。不饱和环烷基基团的示例包括环己烯基、环戊烯基、环已二烯基、丁二烯基、戊二烯基、已二烯基等。环烷基基团可被取代或未被取代。这种取代的环烷基基团示例性地包括环己酮等。
“芳基”基团是具有单环(例如,苯基)或多重稠合环(例如萘基或蒽基)的6-14个碳原子的芳香族碳环基团。在一些实施方式中,芳基基团在该基团的环部分中包含6-14个碳,在其它实施方式中包含6-12个或甚至6-10个碳原子。具体的芳基包括苯基、联苯基、萘基等。芳基基团可被取代或未被取代。术语“芳基基团”还包括含有稠合环的基团,例如稠合的芳香族-脂肪族环系统(例如,茚满基、四氢萘基等)。
“杂芳基”基团是在杂芳香族环系统中具有一至四个作为环原子的杂原子的芳基环系统,其中其余原子为碳原子。在一些实施方式中,杂芳基基团在该基团的环部分中包含5-6个环原子,在其它实施方式中包含6-9个或甚至6-10个原子。合适的杂原子包括氧、硫和氮。在具体实施方式中,所述杂芳基环系统为单环或二环。非限制性的示例包括但不限于,如吡咯基、吡唑基、咪唑基、三唑基、四唑基、噁唑基、异噁唑基、噻唑基、吡咯基、吡啶基、哒嗪基、嘧啶基、吡嗪基、苯硫基、苯并苯硫基、呋喃基、苯并呋喃基(例如,异苯并呋喃-1,3-二亚胺)、吲哚基、氮杂吲哚基(例如,吡咯并吡啶基或1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶基)、吲唑基、苯并咪唑基(例如,1H-苯并[d]咪唑基)、咪唑并吡啶基(例如,氮杂苯并咪唑基、3H-咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶基或1H-咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶基)、吡唑吡啶基、三唑吡啶基、苯并三唑基、苯并噁唑基、苯并噻唑基、苯并噻二唑、异噁唑吡啶基、硫代萘基、嘌呤基、黄嘌呤基、腺嘌呤基、鸟嘌呤基、喹啉基、异喹啉基、四氢喹啉基、喹噁啉基以及喹唑啉基基团等基团。
“杂环基”是芳香族(也成为杂芳基)或非芳香族环烷基,其中一至四个环碳原子独立地被选自O、S和N的杂原子所取代。在一些实施方式中,杂环基基团包括3-10个环成员,而其它的这种基团具有3-5个、3-6个或3-8个环成员。杂环基还可在任意环原子处(即,在杂环的任意碳原子或杂原子处)被连接至其它基团。杂环烷基基团可被取代或未被取代。杂环基基团包括不饱和、部分饱和和饱和的环系统,例如,咪唑基、咪唑啉基和咪唑烷基基团。术语杂环基包括稠合环类,包括具有稠合芳香族和非芳香族基团的稠合环,例如,苯并三唑基、2,3-二氢苯并[l,4]二噁英基和苯并[l,3]间二氧杂环戊烯基。该术语还包括具有杂原子的桥连的多环状环系统,例如,但不限于,喹宁环基。杂环基基团的代表性示例包括,但不限于,吖丙啶基、吖丁啶基、吡咯烷基、咪唑烷基、吡唑烷基、噻唑烷基、四氢苯硫基、四氢呋喃基、间二氧杂环戊烯基、呋喃基、苯硫基、吡咯基、吡咯啉基、咪唑基、咪唑啉基、吡唑基、吡唑啉基、三唑基、四唑基、噁唑基、异噁唑基、噻唑基、噻唑啉基、异噻唑基、噻二唑基、噁二唑基、哌啶基、哌嗪基、吗啉基、硫吗啉基、四氢吡喃基(例如,四氢-2H-吡喃基)、四氢硫代吡喃基、氧硫杂环己烷、二氧基、二硫化环戊烷基、吡喃基、吡啶基、嘧啶基、哒嗪基、吡嗪基、三嗪基、二氢吡啶基、二氢二硫酮基、二氢二硫酮基、高哌嗪基、喹宁环基、吲哚基、吲哚啉基、异吲哚基、氮杂吲哚基(吡咯并吡啶基)、吲唑基、吲嗪基、苯并三唑基、苯并咪唑基、苯并呋喃基、苯并苯硫基、苯并噻唑基、苯并噁二唑基、苯并噁嗪基、苯并二硫酮基、苯并氧硫杂环己二烯基、苯并噻嗪基、苯并噁唑基、苯并噻唑基、苯并噻二唑基、苯并[l,3]间二氧杂环戊烯基、吡唑吡啶基、咪唑并吡啶基(氮杂苯并咪唑基;例如,1H-咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶基或1H-咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶-2(3H)-酮基)(1H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-2(3H)-onyl)、三唑吡啶基、异噁唑吡啶基、嘌呤基、黄嘌呤基、腺嘌呤基、鸟嘌呤基、喹啉基、异喹啉基、喹嗪基、喹噁啉基、喹唑啉基、噌啉基、酞嗪基、萘啶基、蝶啶基、硫代萘基、二氢苯并噻嗪基、二氢苯并呋喃基、二氢吲哚基、二氢苯并二噁英基、四氢吲哚基、四氢吲唑基、四氢苯并咪唑基、四氢苯并三唑基、四氢吡咯并吡啶基、四氢吡唑吡啶基、四氢咪唑并吡啶基、四氢三唑吡啶基和四氢喹啉基基团。代表性的取代杂环基基团可以被单取代或取代一次以上,例如,但不限于,吡啶基或吗啉基,其被例如下文列举的各种取代基2-、3-、4-、5-或6-取代或双取代。
“环烷基烷基”基团是式-烷基-环烷基的基团,其中烷基和环烷基如上文定义。取代的环烷基烷基基团可以在烷基、环烷基被取代,或者在烷基和环烷基部分均被取代。代表性的环烷基烷基基团包括但不限于环戊基甲基、环戊基乙基、环己基甲基、环己基乙基和环己基丙基。代表性的取代的环烷基烷基基团可以被单取代或被取代一次以上。
“芳烷基”基团是式-烷基-芳基的基团,其中烷基和芳基如上文定义。取代的芳烷基基团可以在烷基、芳基被取代,或者在烷基和芳基部分均被取代。代表性的芳烷基基团包括但不限于苄基和苯乙基基团,乙基稠合(环烷基芳基)烷基基团如4-乙基-茚满基。
“杂环基烷基”基团是式-烷基-杂环基的基团,其中烷基和杂环基如上文定义。取代的杂环基烷基基团可以在烷基、杂环基被取代,或者在烷基和杂环基部分均被取代。代表性的杂环基烷基基团包括但不限于4-乙基-吗啉基、4-丙基吗啉基、呋喃-2-基甲基、呋喃-3-基甲基、吡啶-3-基甲基、(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)甲基、(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)乙基、四氢呋喃-2-基甲基、四氢呋喃-2-基乙基和吲哚-2-基丙基。
“卤素”是氟、氯、溴或碘。
“羟烷基”基团是被一个或多个羟基基团取代的上述烷基基团。
“烷氧基”基团是-O-(烷基),其中烷基如上文所述。
“烷氧基烷基”基团是-(烷基)-O-(烷基),其中烷基如上文所述。
“氨基”基团是式-NH2的基团。
“烷氨基”基团是式-NH-烷基或-N(烷基)2的基团,其中每个烷基独立地如上文所述。
“羧基”基团是式-C(O)OH的基团。
“氨基羰基”基团是式-C(O)N(R#)2、-C(O)NH(R#)或-C(O)NH2的基团,其中每一个R#独立地为如上文定义的取代或未取代的烷基、环烷基、芳基、芳烷基或杂环基。
“酰氨基”基团是式-NHC(O)(R#)或-N(烷基)C(O)(R#)的基团,其中每个烷基和R#独立地如上文所述。
“烷基磺酰氨基”基团是式-NHSO2(R#)或-N(烷基)SO2(R#)的基团,其中每个烷基和R#如上文所述。
“脲”基团是式-N(烷基)C(O)N(R#)2、-N(烷基)C(O)NH(R#)、-N(烷基)C(O)NH2、-NHC(O)N(R#)2、-NHC(O)NH(R#)或-NH(CO)NHR#的基团,其中每一个烷基和R#独立地如上文所述。
在一个实施方式中,当此处所述的基团“被取代”时,它们可被任意合适的取代基所取代。取代基的示意性示例为在此处披露的示范性化合物和实施方式中的那些取代基,以及卤素(氯、碘、溴或氟);烷基;羟基;烷氧基;烷氧基烷基;氨基;烷氨基;羧基;硝基;氰基;巯基;硫醚;亚胺;亚酰胺;脒;胍;烯胺;氨基羰基;酰氨基;膦酸根;膦;硫代羰基;磺酰基;砜;磺酰胺;酮;醛;酯;脲;尿烷;肟;羟胺;烷氧基胺;芳烷氧基胺;N-氧化物;肼;酰肼;腙;叠氮化物;异氰酸酯;异硫氰酸酯;氰酸酯;硫代氰酸酯;氧(═O);B(OH)2,O(烷基)氨基羰基;环烷基,其可以是单环或者稠合或非稠合的多环(例如,环丙基、环丁基、环戊基或环己基),或者杂环基,其可以是单环或者稠合或非稠合的多环(例如,吡咯烷基、哌啶基、哌嗪基、吗啉基或噻嗪基);单环或者稠合或非稠合的多环芳基或杂芳基(例如,苯基、萘基、吡咯基、吲哚基、呋喃基、苯硫基、咪唑基、噁唑基、异噁唑基、噻唑基、三唑基、四唑基、吡唑基、吡啶基、喹啉基、异喹啉基、吖啶基、吡嗪基、哒嗪基、嘧啶基、苯并咪唑基、苯并苯硫基或苯并呋喃基)芳氧基;芳烷氧基;杂环氧基;以及杂环基烷氧基。
此处所用的术语“药学可接受的盐”指由药学可接受的无毒的酸或碱(包括无机酸和碱以及有机酸和碱)制备的盐。杂芳基化合物适用的药学可接受的碱加成盐包括,但不限于,由铝、钙、锂、镁、钾、钠和锌制备的金属盐,或由赖氨酸、N,N'-二苄乙烯二胺、氯普鲁卡因、胆碱、二乙醇胺、乙二胺、甲葡胺(N-甲葡糖胺)和普鲁卡因制备的有机盐。适用的无毒性酸包括,但不限于,无机和有机酸,例如醋酸、褐藻酸、邻氨基苯甲酸、苯磺酸、苯甲酸、樟脑磺酸、柠檬酸、乙烯磺酸、甲酸、富马酸、糠酸、半乳糖醛酸、葡萄糖酸、葡萄糖醛酸、谷氨酸、乙醇酸、氢溴酸、盐酸、羟乙磺酸、乳酸、马来酸、苹果酸、扁桃酸、甲基磺酸、粘酸、硝酸、扑酸、泛酸、苯乙酸、磷酸、丙酸、水杨酸、硬脂酸、琥珀酸、磺胺酸、硫酸、酒石酸以及对甲苯磺酸。具体的无毒性酸包括盐酸、氢溴酸、磷酸、硫酸和甲磺酸。具体盐的示例包括盐酸盐和甲磺酸盐。其它的示例已为本领域公知,例如,参见Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences,18th eds.,Mack Publishing,Easton PA(1990)或Remington:The Science and Practiceof Pharmacy,19th eds.,Mack Publishing,Easton PA(1995)。
除非另行指明,此处所用的术语“笼形物”指具有包埋在晶格内空间(例如,通道)的客体分子(例如,溶剂或水)的晶格形式的杂芳基化合物或其盐,或者指其中杂芳基化合物是客体分子的晶格。
除非另行指明,此处所用的术语“溶剂化物”指进一步包括通过非共价分子间力结合的化学计量或非化学计量的溶剂的杂芳基化合物或其盐。在一个实施方式中,该溶剂化物为水合物。
除非另行指明,此处所用的术语“水合物”指进一步包括通过非共价分子间力结合的化学计量或非化学计量的水的杂芳基化合物或其盐。
除非另行指明,此处所用的术语“前药”指能在生物条件下(体外或体内)水解、氧化或以其它方式反应提供活性化合物(特别是杂芳基化合物)的杂芳基化合物衍生物。前药的示例包括,但不限于,包含如可生物水解的酰胺基、可生物水解的酯、可生物水解的氨基甲酸盐、可生物水解的碳酸盐、可生物水解的酰脲、以及可生物水解的磷酸盐类似物的可生物水解部分的杂芳基化合物的衍生物和代谢产物。在特定的实施方式中,具有羧基官能团的化合物的前药为羧酸的低级烷基酯。该羧酸酯可通过对该分子上存在的任意羧酸部分进行酯化便利地得到。前药通常可采用公知方法进行制备,例如在Burger's MedicinalChemistry and Drug Discovery 6th ed.(Donald J.Abraham ed.,2001,Wiley)以及Design and Application of Prodrugs(H.Bundgaard ed.,1985,Harwood AcademicPublishers Gmfh)中描述的方法。
除非另行指明,此处所用的术语“立体异构体”或“立体异构纯”指杂芳基化合物的一种立体异构体,其没有该化合物的另一立体异构体。例如,具有一个手性中心的化合物的立体异构纯化合物将基本没有该化合物的相对的对映体。一种具有两个手性中心的化合物的立体异构纯化合物将基本没有该化合物的其它非对映异构体。典型的立体异构纯化合物包含质量含量大于约80%的该化合物的一种立体异构体和质量含量少于约20%的该化合物另一立体异构体,质量含量大于约90%的该化合物的一种立体异构体和质量含量少于约10%的该化合物另一立体异构体,质量含量大于约95%的该化合物的一种立体异构体和质量含量少于约5%的该化合物另一立体异构体,或者质量含量大于约97%的该化合物的一种立体异构体和质量含量少于约3%的该化合物另一立体异构体。所述杂芳基化合物可具有手性中心并可作为外消旋体、单独的对映异构体或非对映异构体及其混合物存在。所有这种异构体形式包含在此处披露的实施方式中,包括其混合物。这种杂芳基化合物的立体异构体纯形式的用途以及这些形式的混合物的用途包含在此处披露的实施方式中。例如,含有等量或不等量的特定杂芳基化合物对映体的混合物可用于此处披露的方法和组合物。这些异构体可通过如手性柱或手性拆分剂等标准技术进行不对称合成或拆分。例如,参见Jacques,J.,等人,Enantiomers,Racemates and Resolutions(Wiley-Interscience,NewYork,1981);Wilen,S.H.,等人,Tetrahedron 33:2725(1977);Eliel,E.L.,Stereochemistry of Carbon Compounds(McGraw-Hill,NY,1962);以及Wilen,S.H.,Tables of Resolving Agents and Optical Resolutions p.268(E.L.Eliel,Ed.,Univ.of Notre Dame Press,Notre Dame,IN,1972)。
还应指出所述杂芳基化合物可包括E和Z异构体或其混合物,及顺式和反式异构体或其混合物。在特定的实施方式中,所述杂芳基化合物被分离为顺式或反式异构体。在其它实施方式中,所述杂芳基化合物为顺式和反式异构体的混合物。
“互变异构体”指彼此平衡的化合物的异构体形式。异构体形式的浓度取决于化合物所在的环境,还可取决于,例如,化合物是否为固体或是否在有机或水溶液中。例如,在水溶液中,吡唑可以如下异构体形式存在,其被成为彼此的互变异构体:
本领域技术人员可容易地理解,多种官能团和其它结构可显示互变异构性,且式(I)和式(II)的化合物的所有互变异构体均在本发明的范围内。
应当指出,所述杂芳基化合物可在一个或多个原子处包含非天然比例的原子同位素。例如,该化合物可通过放射活性同位素(例如氚(3H)、碘-125(125I)、硫-35(35S)或碳-14(14C))进行放射性标记,或者是同位素富集的,例如具有氘(2H)、碳-13(13C)或氮-15(15N)。此处所用的“同位素异构体(isotopologue)”是同位素富集的化合物。术语“同位素富集的”指具有不同于该原子天然同位素组成的同位素组成的原子。“同位素富集的”还指包含了具有不同于该原子天然同位素组成的同位素组成的原子的化合物。术语“同位素组成”指在给定原子中各同位素存在的量。放射性标记和同位素富集的化合物可用作治疗性药剂,例如,癌症或炎症治疗药剂,研究试剂,例如,结合测定试剂,诊断性药剂,例如,体内成像药剂。此处所述的杂芳基化合物的所有同位素变体,不管是否具有放射性,均意在落入此处提供的实施方式的范围内。在一些实施方式中提供了杂芳基化合物的同位素异构体,例如,氘、碳-13或氮-15富集的杂芳基化合物的同位素异构体。
此处所用的“治疗”指部分或完全减轻与紊乱或疾病相关的症状,或者减缓或停止这些症状的进一步进展或恶化,或者在具有形成该疾病或紊乱的患者中防止或预防该疾病或紊乱。
与杂芳基化合物连用的术语“有效量”指能够部分或完全减轻与紊乱或疾病相关的症状,或者减缓或停止这些症状的进一步进展或恶化,或者在具有形成此处披露的疾病或紊乱的对象中防止或预防该疾病或紊乱的量,所述疾病或紊乱为,例如,癌症、炎症性疾病、免疫疾病、神经退行性疾病、糖尿病、肥胖、神经障碍、年龄相关性疾病或心血管疾病,以及可通过抑制激酶途径(例如,mTOR/PI3K/Akt途径)进行治疗或预防的病症。在一个实施方式中,有效量的杂芳基化合物为例如在体外或体内抑制细胞内激酶的量。在一个实施方式中,所述激酶为mTOR、DNA-PK、PI3K或其组合。在一些实施方式中,相比未处理细胞中的激酶活性,所述杂芳基化合物的有效量可抑制细胞中10%、20%、30%、40%、50%、60%、70%、80%、90%或99%的激酶。例如在药物组合物中,所述杂芳基化合物的有效量可以是能实现所需效果的水平;例如,在同时用于口服和肠胃外施用的单位剂量中约0.005mg/kg对象体重至约100mg/kg患者体重。对本领域技术人员显而易见的是,可以预期此处披露的杂芳基化合物的有效量可随着被治疗的适应症而变化,例如,相对于治疗患有或易患不同的紊乱(例如,癌症或代谢紊乱)的杂芳基化合物的有效量,用于治疗患有或易患炎症性疾病的杂芳基化合物的有效量可能不同。
术语“患者”包括动物,包括,但不限于,动物如牛、猴、马、绵羊、猪、鸡、火鸡、鹌鹑、猫、狗、小鼠、大鼠、兔或豚鼠,在一个实施方式中为哺乳动物,在另一实施方式中为人。
术语“癌症”指特征为能侵入周围组织并转移至新的身体位点的各种恶性新生物的任意一种。良性和恶性的肿瘤均按照它们被发现的组织类型进行分类。例如,纤维瘤是纤维结缔组织的新生物,而黑素瘤是色素(黑色素)细胞的异常生长。来源于上皮组织(例如皮肤)、支气管和胃的恶性肿瘤被成为癌。在例如乳腺、前列腺和结肠中发现的上皮腺组织的恶性肿瘤被成为腺癌。结缔组织例如肌肉、软骨、淋巴组织和骨的恶性生长被成为肉瘤。淋巴瘤和白血病是在白细胞中形成的恶性肿瘤。通过转移过程,肿瘤细胞迁移进入身体的其它区域,在远离最初出现位点的区域形成新生物。骨组织是恶性肿瘤最易转移的位点之一,其发生于所有癌症病例中的约30%。在恶性肿瘤中,已知肺、乳腺、前列腺等的癌症特别容易转移至骨骼。
在有关新生物、癌症、肿瘤生长或肿瘤细胞生长的上下文中,可通过原发性或继发性肿瘤的延迟出现、原发性或继发性肿瘤的减慢形成、原发性或继发性肿瘤的更低的发生率、疾病的继发作用的减缓或严重性降低、肿瘤生长的停滞以及肿瘤的退化等对抑制进行评估。在极端情况下,此处的完全抑制指预防或化学预防。在上下文中,术语“防止”包括防止临床显现的瘤形成发作或者防止具有风险的个体中瘤形成的潜伏显现阶段。该定义还意在包括防止转化为恶性细胞或者停滞或逆转恶变前细胞向恶性细胞的进展。这包括对于易发生瘤形成的对象的预防性治疗。
杂芳基化合物
本发明提供了具有下式(I)的化合物:
及其药学可接受的盐、笼形物、溶剂化物、立体异构体、互变异构体和前药,其中:
R1为取代或未取代的C1-8烷基、取代或未取代的芳基、取代或未取代的环烷基、取代或未取代的杂环基或取代或未取代的杂环基烷基;
R2为H、取代或未取代的C1-8烷基、取代或未取代的环烷基、取代或未取代的杂环基、取代或未取代的杂环基烷基、取代或未取代的芳烷基或取代或未取代的环烷基烷基;
R3和R4各自独立地为H、取代或未取代的C1-8烷基、取代或未取代的芳基、取代或未取代的环烷基、取代或未取代的杂环基、取代或未取代的杂环基烷基、取代或未取代的芳烷基、取代或未取代的环烷基烷基,或者R3和R4与它们连接的原子一起形成取代或未取代的环烷基或取代或未取代的杂环基;
或者R2与R3和R4中的一个连同它们连接的原子一起形成取代或未取代的杂环基;
条件是所述化合物不是下文所示的化合物,即:
6-(4-羟苯基)-4-(3-甲氧基苄基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
6-(4-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-5-基)苯基)-3-(环己基甲基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
或
(R)-6-(4-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-5-基)苯基)-3-(环己基甲基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮。
在式(I)的化合物的一些实施方式中,R1为取代或未取代的芳基或取代或未取代的杂芳基。在一些实施方式中,R1为苯基、吡啶基、嘧啶基、苯并咪唑基、吲哚基、吲唑基、1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶基、1H-咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶基、1H-咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶-2(3H)-酮基、3H-咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶基或吡唑基,每一个可被任选地取代。在一些实施方式中,R1为被一个或多个独立选自取代或未取代的C1-8烷基(例如,甲基)、取代或未取代的杂环基(例如,取代或未取代的三唑基或吡唑基)、卤素(例如,氟)、氨基羰基、氰基、羟烷基(例如,羟基丙基)和羟基的取代基取代的苯基。在其它实施方式中,R1为吡啶基,其被一个或多个独立地选自取代或未取代的C1-8烷基、取代或未取代的杂环基、卤素、氨基羰基、氰基、羟烷基、-OR和-NR2的取代基所取代,其中每一个R独立地为H或取代或未取代的C1-4烷基。在仍然其它实施方式中,R1为1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶基或苯并咪唑基,每一个可任选地被一个或多个独立地选自取代或未取代的C1-8烷基和-NR2的取代基所取代,其中每一个R独立地为H或取代或未取代的C1-4烷基。
在式(I)的化合物的一些实施方式中,R1为
其中R在每次出现时独立地为H或取代或未取代的C1-4烷基(例如甲基);R’在每次出现时独立地为取代或未取代的C1-4烷基、卤素(例如,氟)、氰基、-OR或-NR2;m为0-3;且n为0-3。本领域技术人员可以理解,任意一个取代基R’可被连接至稠合环系统的任意一个环的任意合适的原子。本领域技术人员还可理解,R1的连接键(由等分波浪线示出)可被连接至稠合环系统中任意一个环中的任意原子。
在式(I)的化合物的一些实施方式中,R1为
其中R在每次出现时独立地为H或取代或未取代的C1-4烷基;R’在每次出现时独立地为取代或未取代的C1-4烷基、卤素、氰基、-OR或-NR2;m为0-3;且n为0-3。
在式(I)的化合物的一些实施方式中,R2为H、取代或未取代的C1-8烷基、取代或未取代的环烷基、取代或未取代的杂环基、取代或未取代的C1-4烷基-杂环基、取代或未取代的C1-4烷基-芳基或取代或未取代的C1-4烷基-环烷基。例如,R2为H、甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、仲丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、正戊基、异戊基、环戊基、环己基、四氢呋喃基、四氢吡喃基、(C1-4烷基)-苯基、(C1-4烷基)-环丙基、(C1-4烷基)-环丁基、(C1-4烷基)-环戊基、(C1-4烷基)-环己基、(C1-4烷基)-吡咯烷基、(C1-4烷基)-哌啶基、(C1-4烷基)-哌嗪基、(C1-4烷基)-吗啉基、(C1-4烷基)-四氢呋喃基或(C1-4烷基)-四氢吡喃基,每一个可被任选地取代。
在其它实施方式中,R2为H,C1-4烷基、(C1-4烷基)(OR)
其中R在每次出现时独立地为H或取代或未取代的C1-4烷基(例如,甲基);R’在每次出现时独立地为H、-OR、氰基或取代或未取代的C1-4烷基(例如,甲基);且p为0-3。
在一些这样的实施方式中,R2为H,C1-4烷基、(C1-4烷基)(OR)、
其中R在每次出现时独立地为H或取代或未取代的C1-2烷基;R’在每次出现时独立地为H、-OR、氰基或取代或未取代的C1-2烷基;且p为0-1。
在式(I)的化合物的一些其它实施方式中,R2与R3和R4中的一个连同它们连接的原子一起形成取代或未取代的杂环基。例如,在一些实施方式中,式(I)的化合物为
其中R在每次出现时独立地为H或取代或未取代的C1-4烷基;R”为H、-OR或取代或未取代的C1-4烷基;且R1如本文定义。
在式(I)的化合物的一些实施方式中,R3和R4均为H。在其它实施方式总,R3和R4之一为H,另一个不是H。在仍然其它的实施方式中,R3和R4之一为C1-4烷基(例如,甲基),而另一个为H。在仍然其它的实施方式中,R3和R4两者均为C1-4烷基(例如,甲基)。
在一些如上所述的实施方式中,R1为取代或未取代的芳基或取代或未取代的杂芳基。例如,R1为苯基、吡啶基、嘧啶基、苯并咪唑基、吲哚基、吲唑基、1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶基、1H-咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶基、1H-咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶-2(3H)-酮基、3H-咪唑并[4.5-b]吡啶基或吡唑基,每一个可被任选地取代。在一些实施方式中,R1为苯基,其被一个或多个独立地选自取代或未取代的C1-8烷基、取代或未取代的杂环基、卤素、氨基羰基、氰基、羟烷基和羟基的取代基所取代。在其它实施方式中,R1为吡啶基,其被一个或多个独立地选自氰基、取代或未取代的C1-8烷基、取代或未取代的杂环基、羟烷基、卤素、氨基羰基、-OR和-NR2的取代基所取代,其中每一个R独立地为H或取代或未取代的C1-4烷基。在仍然其它实施方式中,R1为1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶基或苯并咪唑基,每一个可任选地被一个或多个独立地选自取代或未取代的C1-8烷基和-NR2的取代基所取代,其中R独立地为H或取代或未取代的C1-4烷基。
在一些实施方式中,式(I)的化合物具有此处列举的R1基团和此处列举的R2基团。
在式(I)的化合物的一些实施方式中,该化合物在10μM的浓度下抑制mTOR、DNA-PK或PI3K或其组合至少50%。式(I)的化合物可在任意合适的测定系统(例如此处实施例所述的那些)中显示为激酶的抑制剂。
在式(I)的化合物的一些实施方式中,该化合物为
6-(1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-3-基)-4-(2-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)乙基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
6-(4-甲基-6-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)吡啶-3-基)-4-((四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)甲基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
6-(5-氟-2-甲基-4-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)苯基)-4-((反式-4-甲氧基环己基)甲基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
6-(5-氟-2-甲基-4-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)苯基)-4-((顺式-4-甲氧基环己基)甲基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
6-(6-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)吡啶-3-基)-4-((反式-4-甲氧基环己基)甲基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
6-(5-氟-2-甲基-4-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)苯基)-4-((反式-4-羟基环己基)甲基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
6-(6-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)吡啶-3-基)-4-((顺式-4-甲氧基环己基)甲基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
6-(6-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)吡啶-3-基)-4-((反式-4-羟基环己基)甲基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
6-(6-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)吡啶-3-基)-4-(顺式-4-羟基环己基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
6-(6-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)吡啶-3-基)-4-((顺式-4-羟基环己基)甲基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
6-(5-氟-2-甲基-4-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)苯基)-4-(反式-4-甲氧基环己基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
6-(6-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)吡啶-3-基)-4-(反式-4-甲氧基环己基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
6-(6-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)吡啶-3-基)-4-(反式-4-羟基环己基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
6-(5-氟-2-甲基-4-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)苯基)-4-((顺式-4-羟基环己基)甲基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
6-(6-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)吡啶-3-基)-4-(顺式-4-甲氧基环己基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
6-(6-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)吡啶-3-基)-4-(2-甲氧基乙基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
6-(6-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)吡啶-3-基)-4-异丙基-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
6-(5-氟-2-甲基-4-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)苯基)-4-(顺式-4-羟基环己基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
6-(5-氟-2-甲基-4-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)苯基)-4-(顺式-4-甲氧基环己基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
6-(5-氟-2-甲基-4-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)苯基)-4-(2-甲氧基乙基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
6-(6-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)吡啶-3-基)-4-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
6-(6-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)吡啶-3-基)-4-乙基-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
6-(5-氟-2-甲基-4-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)苯基)-4-(反式-4-羟基环己基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
6-(5-氟-2-甲基-4-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)苯基)-4-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
6-(5-氟-2-甲基-4-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)苯基)-4-异丙基-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
4-乙基-6-(5-氟-2-甲基-4-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)苯基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
6-(3-氟-2-甲基-4-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)苯基)-4-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
6-(3-氟-2-甲基-4-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)苯基)-4-(顺式-4-甲氧基环己基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
6-(3-氟-2-甲基-4-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)苯基)-4-(反式-4-甲氧基环己基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
4-(2-甲氧基乙基)-6-(4-甲基-6-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)吡啶-3-基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
6-(3-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-5-基)苯基)-4-(2-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)乙基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
5-(8-(2-甲氧基乙基)-6-氧-5,6,7,8-四氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2-基)-4-甲基吡啶酰胺;
3-(6-氧-8-(2-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2-基)苯甲酰胺;
3-(6-氧-8-(2-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2-基)苯基氰;
5-(8-(反式-4-甲氧基环己基)-6-氧-5,6,7,8-四氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2-基)-4-甲基吡啶酰胺;
6-(1H-咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶-6-基)-4-(2-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)乙基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
6-(1H-吲唑-6-基)-4-(2-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)乙基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
4-((1R,3S)-3-甲氧基环戊基)-6-(2-甲基-6-(4H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)吡啶-3-基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
4-((1S,3R)-3-甲氧基环戊基)-6-(2-甲基-6-(4H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)吡啶-3-基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
4-((1R,3R)-3-甲氧基环戊基)-6-(2-甲基-6-(4H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)吡啶-3-基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
4-((1S,3S)-3-甲氧基环戊基)-6-(2-甲基-6-(4H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)吡啶-3-基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
4-乙基-6-(2-甲基-6-(4H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)吡啶-3-基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
6-(1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-5-基)-4-(2-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)乙基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
6-(1H-吲哚-6-基)-4-(2-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)乙基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
6-(1H-吲哚-5-基)-4-(2-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)乙基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
4-(((1R,3S)-3-甲氧基环戊基)甲基)-6-(2-甲基-6-(4H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)吡啶-3-基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
4-(((1S,3R)-3-甲氧基环戊基)甲基)-6-(2-甲基-6-(4H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)吡啶-3-基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
6-(3-氟-2-甲基-4-(4H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)苯基)-4-(2-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)乙基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
6-(3-氟-2-甲基-4-(4H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)苯基)-4-(2-甲氧基乙基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
3,3-二甲基-6-(4-甲基-6-(4H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)吡啶-3-基)-4-((四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)甲基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
6-(6-(2-羟基丙烷-2-基)吡啶-3-基)-4-((1R,3S)-3-甲氧基环戊基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
6-(6-(2-羟基丙烷-2-基)吡啶-3-基)-4-((1S,3R)-3-甲氧基环戊基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
6-(6-(2-羟基丙烷-2-基)吡啶-3-基)-4-(((1S,3S)-3-甲氧基环戊基)甲基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
6-(6-(2-羟基丙烷-2-基)吡啶-3-基)-4-(((1R,3R)-3-甲氧基环戊基)甲基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
6-(6-(2-羟基丙烷-2-基)吡啶-3-基)-4-((1S,3S)-3-甲氧基环戊基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
6-(6-(2-羟基丙烷-2-基)吡啶-3-基)-4-((1R,3R)-3-甲氧基环戊基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
6-(6-(2-羟基丙烷-2-基)吡啶-3-基)-4-(((1R,3S)-3-甲氧基环戊基)甲基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
6-(6-(2-羟基丙烷-2-基)吡啶-3-基)-4-(((1S,3R)-3-甲氧基环戊基)甲基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
6-(3-氟-4-(4H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)苯基)-4-(2-甲氧基乙基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
6-(3-氟-4-(4H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)苯基)-4-(2-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)乙基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
7'-(2-甲基-4-(4H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)苯基)-1'-((四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)甲基)-1'H-螺环[环戊烷-1,2'-吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪]-3'(4'H)-酮;
7'-(2-甲基-4-(4H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)苯基)-1'-((四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)甲基)-1'H-螺环[环丁烷-1,2'-吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪]-3'(4'H)-酮;
4-(环丙基甲基)-6-(6-(2-羟基丙烷-2-基)吡啶-3-基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
7'-(2-甲基-4-(4H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)苯基)-1'H-螺环[环戊烷-1,2'-吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪]-3'(4'H)-酮;
7'-(2-甲基-4-(4H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)苯基)-1'H-螺环[环丁烷-1,2'-吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪]-3'(4'H)-酮;
7'-(2-甲基-4-(4H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)苯基)-1'H-螺环[环丙烷-1,2'-吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪]-3'(4'H)-酮;
(R)-6-(4-(4H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)苯基)-4-((四氢呋喃-2-基)甲基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
(S)-6-(4-(4H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)苯基)-4-((四氢呋喃-2-基)甲基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
6-(1H-吲唑-5-基)-4-(2-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)乙基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
4-(6-氧-8-(2-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2-基)苯甲酰胺;
4-(2-甲氧基乙基)-3,3-二甲基-6-(2-甲基-4-(4H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)苯基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
4-乙基-3,3-二甲基-6-(2-甲基-4-(4H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)苯基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
6-(2-甲基-4-(4H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)苯基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
3,3-二甲基-6-(2-甲基-6-(4H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)吡啶-3-基)-4-((四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)甲基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
(R)-6-(6-(1-羟基乙基)吡啶-3-基)-4-(2-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)乙基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
3,3-二甲基-6-(2-甲基-4-(4H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)苯基)-4-((四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)甲基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
6-(6-(2-羟基丙烷-2-基)-4-甲基吡啶-3-基)-4-(反式-4-甲氧基环己基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
6-(6-(2-羟基丙烷-2-基)-4-甲基吡啶-3-基)-4-((四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)甲基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
3,3-二甲基-6-(2-甲基-4-(4H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)苯基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
3,3-二甲基-6-(2-甲基-6-(4H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)吡啶-3-基)-4-(2-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)乙基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
6-(6-(2-羟基丙烷-2-基)-2-甲基吡啶-3-基)-4-((四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)甲基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
6-(6-(2-羟基丙烷-2-基)-2-甲基吡啶-3-基)-4-(反式-4-甲氧基环己基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
(S)-6-(6-(1-羟基乙基)吡啶-3-基)-4-(2-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)乙基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
3,3-二甲基-6-(2-甲基-4-(4H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)苯基)-4-(2-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)乙基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
6-(6-(2-羟基丙烷-2-基)吡啶-3-基)-3,3-二甲基-4-(2-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)乙基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
6-(4-(2-羟基丙烷-2-基)苯基)-4-(反式-4-甲氧基环己基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
6-(4-(2-羟基丙烷-2-基)苯基)-4-((反式-4-甲氧基环己基)甲基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
4-(顺式-4-甲氧基环己基)-6-(2-甲基-6-(4H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)吡啶-3-基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
4-(反式-4-甲氧基环己基)-6-(2-甲基-6-(4H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)吡啶-3-基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
6-(4-(2-羟基丙烷-2-基)苯基)-4-((四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)甲基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
4-(2-甲氧基乙基)-6-(2-甲基-6-(4H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)吡啶-3-基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
9-(6-(4H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)-3-吡啶基)-6,11,4a-三氢吗啉并[4,3-e]吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-5-酮;
6-(2-甲基-6-(4H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)吡啶-3-基)-4-((四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)甲基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
5-(8-(顺式-4-甲氧基环己基)-6-氧-5,6,7,8-四氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2-基)-6-甲基氰基吡啶;
6-(6-(4H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)吡啶-3-基)-4-(2-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)乙基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
9-(4-(4H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)-2-甲基苯基)-3-(2-甲氧基乙酰基)-6,11,4a-三氢哌嗪并[1,2-e]吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-5-酮;
9-(4-(4H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)-2-甲基苯基)-6,11,4a-三氢哌嗪并[1,2-e]吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-5-酮;
9-(4-(4H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)-2-甲基苯基)-3-(2-甲氧基乙基)-6,11,4a-三氢哌嗪并[1,2-e]吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-5-酮;
4-(环戊基甲基)-6-(2-甲基-6-(4H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)吡啶-3-基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
9-(6-(4H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)-2-甲基-3-吡啶基)-6,11,4a-三氢吗啉并[4,3-e]吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-5-酮;
4-(反式-4-羟基环己基)-6-(6-(2-羟基丙烷-2-基)吡啶-3-基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
4-(顺式-4-羟基环己基)-6-(6-(2-羟基丙烷-2-基)吡啶-3-基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
6-(6-(2-羟基丙烷-2-基)吡啶-3-基)-4-((四氢呋喃-3-基)甲基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
4-(环戊基甲基)-6-(6-(2-羟基丙烷-2-基)吡啶-3-基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
6-(6-(2-羟基丙烷-2-基)吡啶-3-基)-4-新戊基-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
6-(6-(2-羟基丙烷-2-基)吡啶-3-基)-4-异丁基-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
3-甲基-6-(2-甲基-4-(4H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)苯基)-4-(2-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)乙基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
6-(6-(2-羟基丙烷-2-基)吡啶-3-基)-4-(哌啶-4-基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
6-(6-(2-羟基丙烷-2-基)吡啶-3-基)-4-(2-(四氢-2H-吡喃-3-基)乙基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
8-(4-(4H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)-2-甲基苯基)(3aS,2R)-2-甲氧基-5,10,3a-三氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡咯烷[1,2-e]吡嗪-4-酮;
8-(4-(4H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)-2-甲基苯基)(2R,3aR)-2-甲氧基-5,10,3a-三氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡咯烷[1,2-e]吡嗪-4-酮;
8-(4-(4H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)-2-甲基苯基)(2S,3aR)-2-甲氧基-5,10,3a-三氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡咯烷[1,2-e]吡嗪-4-酮;
8-(4-(4H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)-2-甲基苯基)(2S,3aS)-2-甲氧基-5,10,3a-三氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡咯烷[1,2-e]吡嗪-4-酮;
6-(6-(2-羟基丙烷-2-基)吡啶-3-基)-4-(3-甲氧基丙基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
(S)-6-(6-(2-羟基丙烷-2-基)吡啶-3-基)-4-((四氢呋喃-2-基)甲基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
(R)-6-(6-(2-羟基丙烷-2-基)吡啶-3-基)-4-((四氢呋喃-2-基)甲基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
6-(2-甲基-6-(4H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)吡啶-3-基)-4-(2-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)乙基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
9-(4-(4H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)-2-甲基苯基)-3-甲基-6,11,4a-三氢哌嗪并[1,2-e]吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-5-酮;
9-(4-(4H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)苯基)-6,11,4a-三氢吗啉并[4,3-e]吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-5-酮;
9-(4-(4H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)-2-甲基苯基)-6,11,4a-三氢哌啶o[1,2-e]吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-5-酮;
6-(6-(2-羟基丙烷-2-基)吡啶-3-基)-4-(反式-4-甲氧基环己基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
6-(6-(2-羟基丙烷-2-基)吡啶-3-基)-4-(顺式-4-甲氧基环己基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
6-(6-(2-羟基丙烷-2-基)吡啶-3-基)-4-(2-吗啉代乙基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
6-(6-(2-羟基丙烷-2-基)吡啶-3-基)-4-苯乙基-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
6-(6-(2-羟基丙烷-2-基)吡啶-3-基)-4-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
4-(环己基甲基)-6-(6-(2-羟基丙烷-2-基)吡啶-3-基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
6-(6-(2-羟基丙烷-2-基)吡啶-3-基)-4-((反式-4-甲氧基环己基)甲基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
6-(6-(2-羟基丙烷-2-基)吡啶-3-基)-4-((顺式-4-甲氧基环己基)甲基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
(R)-6-(6-(2-羟基丙烷-2-基)吡啶-3-基)-4-(四氢呋喃-3-基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
(S)-6-(6-(2-羟基丙烷-2-基)吡啶-3-基)-4-(四氢呋喃-3-基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
6-(6-(2-羟基丙烷-2-基)吡啶-3-基)-4-苯基-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
(S)-6-(6-(2-羟基丙烷-2-基)吡啶-3-基)-3-甲基-4-(2-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)乙基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
9-[6-(1-羟基-异丙基)-3-吡啶基]-6,11,4a-三氢吗啉并[4,3-e]吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-5-酮;
6-(6-(2-羟基丙烷-2-基)吡啶-3-基)-4-((四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)甲基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
6-(6-(2-羟基丙烷-2-基)吡啶-3-基)-4-(2-甲氧基乙基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
6-(2-氨基-7-甲基-1H-苯并[d]咪唑并l-5-基)-4-(3-(三氟甲基)苄基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
6-(6-(2-羟基丙烷-2-基)吡啶-3-基)-4-(3-(三氟甲基)苄基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
9-(4-(4H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)-2-甲基苯基)-6,11,4a-三氢吗啉并[4,3-e]吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-5-酮;
6-(4-甲基-2-(甲氨基)-1H-苯并[d]咪唑并-6-基)-4-(2-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)乙基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
8-(4-(4H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)-2-甲基苯基)-5,10,3a-三氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡咯烷[1,2-e]吡嗪-4-酮;
6-(4-(4H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)苯基)-4-乙基-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
6-(4-(4H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)苯基)-4-((四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)甲基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
6-(6-(2-羟基丙烷-2-基)吡啶-3-基)-4-(2-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)乙基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
6-(4-(4H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)苯基)-4-(2-甲氧基乙基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
6-(4-(4H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)苯基)-4-(3-(三氟甲基)苄基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
6-(2-甲基-4-(4H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)苯基)-4-(2-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)乙基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
6-(4-甲基-1H-苯并[d]咪唑并-6-基)-4-(2-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)乙基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
6-(4-(2-羟基丙烷-2-基)苯基)-4-(2-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)乙基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;或
6-(4-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-5-基)苯基)-4-(2-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)乙基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮。
本发明进一步提供了具有下式(II)的化合物:
及其药学可接受的盐、笼形物、溶剂化物、立体异构体、互变异构体和前药,其中:
R1为取代或未取代的C1-8烷基、取代或未取代的芳基、取代或未取代的环烷基、取代或未取代的杂环基或取代或未取代的杂环基烷基;
R2为H、取代或未取代的C1-8烷基、取代或未取代的环烷基、取代或未取代的杂环基、取代或未取代的杂环基烷基、取代或未取代的芳烷基或取代或未取代的环烷基烷基;
R3为H或取代或未取代的C1-8烷基;
条件为式(II)的化合物不是下文所示的7-(4-羟苯基)-1-(3-甲氧基苄基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮:
在式(II)的化合物的一些实施方式中,R1为取代或未取代的芳基或取代或未取代的杂芳基。例如,R1为苯基、吡啶基、嘧啶基、苯并咪唑基、吲唑基、吲哚基、1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶基、1H-咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶基、1H-咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶-2(3H)-酮基、3H-咪唑并[4.5-b]吡啶基或吡唑基,每一个可被任选地取代。在一些实施方式中,R1为苯基,其被一个或多个独立地选自取代或未取代的C1-8烷基(例如,甲基)、取代或未取代的杂环基(例如,取代或未取代的三唑基或吡唑基)、氨基羰基、卤素(例如,氯)、氰基、羟烷基和羟基的取代基所取代。在其它实施方式中,R1为吡啶基,其被一个或多个独立地选自取代或未取代的C1-8烷基(例如,甲基)、取代或未取代的杂环基(例如,取代或未取代的三唑基)、卤素、氨基羰基、氰基、羟烷基(例如,羟基丙基)、-OR和-NR2的取代基所取代,其中每一个R独立地为H或取代或未取代的C1-4烷基。在一些实施方式中,R1为1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶基或苯并咪唑基,每一个可任选地被一个或多个独立地选自取代或未取代的C1-8烷基和-NR2的取代基所取代,其中R独立地为H或取代或未取代的C1-4烷基。
在一些实施方式中,R1为
其中R在每次出现时独立地为H或取代或未取代的C1-4烷基(例如甲基);R’在每次出现时独立地为取代或未取代的C1-4烷基、卤素(例如,氟)、氰基、-OR或-NR2;m为0-3;且n为0-3。本领域技术人员可以理解,取代基R’的任意一个可被连接至该稠合环系统的任意一个环的任意合适的原子。
在式(II)的化合物的一些实施方式中,R1为
其中R在每次出现时独立地为H或取代或未取代的C1-4烷基;R’在每次出现时独立地为取代或未取代的C1-4烷基、卤素、氰基、-OR或-NR2;m为0-3;且n为0-3。
在式(II)的化合物的一些实施方式中,R2为H、取代或未取代的C1-8烷基、取代或未取代的环烷基、取代或未取代的杂环基、取代或未取代的C1-4烷基-杂环基、取代或未取代的C1-4烷基-芳基或取代或未取代的C1-4烷基-环烷基。例如,R2为H、甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、仲丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、正戊基、异戊基、环戊基、环己基、四氢呋喃基、四氢吡喃基、(C1-4烷基)-苯基、(C1-4烷基)-环丙基、(C1-4烷基)-环丁基、(C1-4烷基)-环戊基、(C1-4烷基)-环己基、(C1-4烷基)-吡咯烷基、(C1-4烷基)-哌啶基、(C1-4烷基)-哌嗪基、(C1-4烷基)-吗啉基、(C1-4烷基)-四氢呋喃基或(C1-4烷基)-四氢吡喃基,每一个可被任选地取代。
在其它实施方式中,R2为H,C1-4烷基、(C1-4烷基)(OR)
其中R在每次出现时独立地为H或取代或未取代的C1-4烷基(例如,甲基);R’在每次出现时独立地为H、-OR、氰基或取代或未取代的C1-4烷基(例如,甲基);且p为0-3。
在式(II)的化合物的其它实施方式中,R2为H、C1-4烷基、(C1-4烷基)(OR)、
其中R在每次出现时独立地为H或取代或未取代的C1-2烷基;R’在每次出现时独立地为H、-OR、氰基或取代或未取代的C1-2烷基;且p为0-1。
在式(II)的化合物的其它实施方式中,R3为H。
在一些此处所述的实施方式中,R1为取代或未取代的芳基或取代或未取代的杂芳基。例如,R1为苯基、吡啶基、嘧啶基、苯并咪唑基、1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶基、吲唑基、吲哚基、1H-咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶、吡啶基、1H-咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶-2(3H)-酮基、3H-咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶基或吡唑基,每一个可被任选地取代。在一些实施方式中,R1为苯基,其被一个或多个独立地选自取代或未取代的C1-8烷基、取代或未取代的杂环基、氨基羰基、卤素、氰基、羟烷基和羟基的取代基所取代。在其它实施方式中,R1为吡啶基,其被一个或多个独立地选自C1-8烷基、取代或未取代的杂环基、卤素、氨基羰基、氰基、羟烷基、-OR和-NR2的取代基所取代,其中每一个R独立地为H或取代或未取代的C1-4烷基。在仍然其它的实施方式中,R1为1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶基或苯并咪唑基,每一个可任选地被一个或多个独立地选自取代或未取代的C1-8烷基和-NR2的取代基所取代,其中R独立地为H或取代或未取代的C1-4烷基。
在一些实施方式中,式(II)的化合物具有此处列举的R1基团和此处列举的R2基团。
在式(II)的化合物的一些实施方式中,该化合物在10μM的浓度下抑制mTOR、DNA-PK或PI3K或其组合至少50%。式(II)的化合物可在任意合适的测定系统(例如此处实施例所述的那些)中显示为激酶的抑制剂。
在式(II)的化合物的一些实施方式中,该化合物为
7-(5-氟-2-甲基-4-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)苯基)-1-((反式-4-甲氧基环己基)甲基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
7-(6-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)吡啶-3-基)-1-(顺式-4-甲氧基环己基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
7-(1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-3-基)-1-(2-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)乙基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
7-(5-氟-2-甲基-4-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)苯基)-1-((顺式-4-甲氧基环己基)甲基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
1-乙基-7-(1H-吡咯并[3,2-b]吡啶-5-基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
7-(6-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)吡啶-3-基)-1-((顺式-4-甲氧基环己基)甲基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
7-(1H-苯并[d]咪唑并-4-基)-1-(2-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)乙基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
7-(1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-4-基)-1-(2-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)乙基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
7-(6-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)吡啶-3-基)-1-((反式-4-甲氧基环己基)甲基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
7-(6-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)吡啶-3-基)-1-((反式-4-羟基环己基)甲基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
7-(6-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)吡啶-3-基)-1-(顺式-4-羟基环己基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
7-(5-氟-2-甲基-4-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)苯基)-1-(顺式-4-羟基环己基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
7-(6-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)吡啶-3-基)-1-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
7-(6-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)吡啶-3-基)-1-(2-甲氧基乙基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
7-(6-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)吡啶-3-基)-1-乙基-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
7-(5-氟-2-甲基-4-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)苯基)-1-((顺式-4-羟基环己基)甲基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
7-(5-氟-2-甲基-4-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)苯基)-1-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
7-(1H-吲哚-4-基)-1-(2-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)乙基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
7-(5-氟-2-甲基-4-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)苯基)-1-((反式-4-羟基环己基)甲基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
7-(6-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)吡啶-3-基)-1-((顺式-4-羟基环己基)甲基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
7-(6-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)吡啶-3-基)-1-(反式-4-羟基环己基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
7-(6-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)吡啶-3-基)-1-(反式-4-甲氧基环己基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
7-(6-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)吡啶-3-基)-1-异丙基-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
7-(5-氟-2-甲基-4-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)苯基)-1-(反式-4-甲氧基环己基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
7-(5-氟-2-甲基-4-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)苯基)-1-(反式-4-羟基环己基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
7-(5-氟-2-甲基-4-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)苯基)-1-(2-甲氧基乙基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
7-(5-氟-2-甲基-4-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)苯基)-1-异丙基-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
1-乙基-7-(5-氟-2-甲基-4-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)苯基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
7-(2-羟基吡啶-4-基)-1-(2-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)乙基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
1-异丙基-7-(4-甲基-6-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)吡啶-3-基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
5-(8-异丙基-7-氧-5,6,7,8-四氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2-基)-4-甲基吡啶酰胺;
7-(1H-吲唑-4-基)-1-(2-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)乙基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
7-(2-氨基嘧啶-5-基)-1-(2-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)乙基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
7-(2-氨基吡啶-4-基)-1-(2-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)乙基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
7-(6-(甲氨基)吡啶-3-基)-1-(2-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)乙基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
7-(6-羟基吡啶-3-基)-1-(2-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)乙基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
7-(4-(1H-吡唑-3-基)苯基)-1-(2-甲氧基乙基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
7-(吡啶-3-基)-1-(2-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)乙基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
7-(1H-吲唑-4-基)-1-(2-甲氧基乙基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
7-(1H-吲唑-6-基)-1-(2-甲氧基乙基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
7-(嘧啶-5-基)-1-(2-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)乙基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
7-(6-甲氧基吡啶-3-基)-1-(2-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)乙基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
1-(2-甲氧基乙基)-7-(1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-5-基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
1-乙基-7-(1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-5-基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
1-乙基-7-(1H-吲唑-4-基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
7-(吡啶-4-基)-1-(2-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)乙基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
7-(6-氨基吡啶-3-基)-1-(2-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)乙基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
1-甲基-7-(2-甲基-6-(4H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)吡啶-3-基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
2-(2-羟基丙烷-2-基)-5-(8-(反式-4-甲氧基环己基)-7-氧-5,6,7,8-四氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2-基)吡啶1-氧化物;
4-甲基-5-(7-氧-8-((四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)甲基)-5,6,7,8-四氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2-基)吡啶酰胺;
5-(8-((顺式-4-甲氧基环己基)甲基)-7-氧-5,6,7,8-四氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2-基)-4-甲基吡啶酰胺;
7-(1H-吡唑-4-基)-1-(2-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)乙基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
1-(反式-4-甲氧基环己基)-7-(4-甲基-6-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)吡啶-3-基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
3-((7-(2-甲基-6-(4H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)吡啶-3-基)-2-氧-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-1(2H)-基)甲基)苯基氰;
1-((反式-4-甲氧基环己基)甲基)-7-(4-甲基-6-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)吡啶-3-基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
3-(7-氧-8-(2-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2-基)苯甲酰胺;
5-(8-((反式-4-甲氧基环己基)甲基)-7-氧-5,6,7,8-四氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2-基)-4-甲基吡啶酰胺;
3-((7-(6-(2-羟基丙烷-2-基)吡啶-3-基)-2-氧-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-1(2H)-基)甲基)苯基氰;
7-(6-(2-羟基丙烷-2-基)吡啶-3-基)-1-((1R,3R)-3-甲氧基环戊基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
7-(6-(2-羟基丙烷-2-基)吡啶-3-基)-1-((1S,3R)-3-甲氧基环戊基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
7-(6-(2-羟基丙烷-2-基)吡啶-3-基)-1-((1S,3S)-3-甲氧基环戊基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
7-(6-(2-羟基丙烷-2-基)吡啶-3-基)-1-((1R,3S)-3-甲氧基环戊基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
7-(1H-吲唑-6-基)-1-(2-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)乙基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
7-(2-甲基-6-(4H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)吡啶-3-基)-1-(2-吗啉代乙基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
1-(反式-4-羟基环己基)-7-(2-甲基-6-(4H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)吡啶-3-基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
1-(顺式-4-羟基环己基)-7-(2-甲基-6-(4H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)吡啶-3-基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
7-(6-(2-羟基丙烷-2-基)吡啶-3-基)-1-(2-吗啉代乙基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
1-异丙基-7-(2-甲基-6-(4H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)吡啶-3-基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
7-(1H-咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶-6-基)-1-(2-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)乙基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
1-((顺式-4-甲氧基环己基)甲基)-7-(2-甲基-6-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)吡啶-3-基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
1-(反式-4-羟基环己基)-7-(6-(2-羟基丙烷-2-基)吡啶-3-基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
1-(顺式-4-羟基环己基)-7-(6-(2-羟基丙烷-2-基)吡啶-3-基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
4-(7-氧-8-(2-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2-基)苯甲酰胺;
7-(1H-吲唑-5-基)-1-(2-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)乙基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
7-(1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-5-基)-1-(2-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)乙基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
7-(2-甲基-6-(4H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)吡啶-3-基)-1-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
1-((1S,3R)-3-甲氧基环戊基)-7-(2-甲基-6-(4H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)吡啶-3-基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
1-((1R,3R)-3-甲氧基环戊基)-7-(2-甲基-6-(4H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)吡啶-3-基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
1-((1R,3S)-3-甲氧基环戊基)-7-(2-甲基-6-(4H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)吡啶-3-基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
1-((1S,3S)-3-甲氧基环戊基)-7-(2-甲基-6-(4H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)吡啶-3-基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
7-(1H-吲哚-5-基)-1-(2-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)乙基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
1-乙基-7-(2-甲基-6-(4H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)吡啶-3-基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
7-(1H-吲哚-6-基)-1-(2-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)乙基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
7-(4-(2-羟基丙烷-2-基)苯基)-1-(反式-4-甲氧基环己基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
7-(6-(2-羟基丙烷-2-基)吡啶-3-基)-1-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
1-((反式-4-甲氧基环己基)甲基)-7-(2-甲基-6-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)吡啶-3-基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
7-(6-(2-羟基丙烷-2-基)吡啶-3-基)-1-((顺式-4-甲氧基环己基)甲基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
1-(2-甲氧基乙基)-7-(4-甲基-2-(甲氨基)-1H-苯并[d]咪唑并-6-基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
7-(7-甲基-2-氧-2,3-二氢-1H-苯并[d]咪唑并l-5-基)-1-((四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)甲基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
7-(2-甲基-4-(4H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)苯基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
1-(2-甲氧基乙基)-7-(4-甲基-6-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)吡啶-3-基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
1-苄基-7-(2-甲基-4-(4H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)苯基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
7-(3-氟-4-(4H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)苯基)-1-(2-甲氧基乙基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
7-(3-氟-4-(4H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)苯基)-1-(2-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)乙基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
7-(3-氟-2-甲基-4-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)苯基)-1-(2-甲氧基乙基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
1-(反式-4-甲氧基环己基)-7-(2-甲基-6-(4H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)吡啶-3-基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
7-(6-(2-羟基丙烷-2-基)吡啶-3-基)-1-(反式-4-甲氧基环己基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
7-(5-氟-2-甲基-4-(4H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)苯基)-1-(2-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)乙基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
7-(3-氟-2-甲基-4-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)苯基)-1-(2-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)乙基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
1-(2-甲氧基乙基)-7-(2-甲基-6-(4H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)吡啶-3-基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
7-(6-(2-羟基丙烷-2-基)吡啶-3-基)-1-((反式-4-甲氧基环己基)甲基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
1-(环戊基甲基)-7-(6-(2-羟基丙烷-2-基)吡啶-3-基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
7-(4-(2-羟基丙烷-2-基)苯基)-1-(2-甲氧基乙基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
(S)-7-(6-(1-羟基乙基)吡啶-3-基)-1-(2-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)乙基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
(R)-7-(6-(1-羟基乙基)吡啶-3-基)-1-(2-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)乙基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
7-(2-甲基-6-(4H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)吡啶-3-基)-1-((四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)甲基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
7-(4-(2-羟基丙烷-2-基)苯基)-1-(2-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)乙基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
7-(6-(2-羟基丙烷-2-基)吡啶-3-基)-1-(4-(三氟甲基)苄基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
7-(6-(2-羟基丙烷-2-基)吡啶-3-基)-1-(3-(三氟甲基)苄基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
7-(6-(2-羟基丙烷-2-基)吡啶-3-基)-1-(3-甲氧基丙基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
7-(4-甲基-6-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)吡啶-3-基)-1-(2-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)乙基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
7-(6-(2-羟基丙烷-2-基)吡啶-3-基)-1-(2-甲氧基乙基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
7-(6-(2-羟基丙烷-2-基)吡啶-3-基)-1-((四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)甲基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
7-(4-甲基-2-(甲氨基)-1H-苯并[d]咪唑并-6-基)-1-((四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)甲基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
7-(2-氨基-4-甲基-1H-苯并[d]咪唑并-6-基)-1-((四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)甲基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
7-(2-甲基-6-(4H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)吡啶-3-基)-1-(2-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)乙基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
(R)-7-(6-(2-羟基丙烷-2-基)吡啶-3-基)-3-甲基-1-(2-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)乙基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
(S)-7-(6-(2-羟基丙烷-2-基)吡啶-3-基)-3-甲基-1-(2-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)乙基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
7-(6-(2-羟基丙烷-2-基)吡啶-3-基)-3,3-二甲基-1-(2-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)乙基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
7-(2-氨基-4-甲基-1H-苯并[d]咪唑并-6-基)-1-(2-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)乙基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
7-(6-(2-羟基丙烷-2-基)吡啶-3-基)-1-(2-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)乙基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
7-(2-甲基-4-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)苯基)-1-(2-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)乙基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
7-(4-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-5-基)苯基)-1-(2-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)乙基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;
1-(1-羟基丙烷-2-基)-7-(2-甲基-6-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)吡啶-3-基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮;或
1-(2-羟基乙基)-7-(2-甲基-6-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)吡啶-3-基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮。
代表性的式(I)和(II)的杂芳基化合物在表1中列举。
制备杂芳基化合物的方法
杂芳基化合物可由本领域技术人员采用常规的有机合成和已有市售的原料制备得到。杂芳基化合物可以非限制性示例的方式按下文所示的方案1-9以及5.1节的实施例的概述进行制备。应指出,本领域技术人员可以调整示范性方案和实施例中所示的步骤以得到所需的产物。
方案1
式(I)的化合物的合成显示于方案1。起始于5-溴吡嗪-2-胺A,可采用合适的硼酸或硼酸酯(R+为H,或者与硼原子连同它们连接的原子一起形成环状硼酸酯)、钯催化剂(例如,二氯[1,1'-双(联苯基膦基)二茂铁]钯(II)二氯甲烷)、溶剂(例如二甲基甲酰胺)以及碱(例如碳酸钠),通过Suzuki偶联或者替代性地采用合适的锡烷(R++为C1-4烷基)、钯催化剂(例如二氯[1,1'-双(联苯基膦基)二茂铁]钯(II)二氯甲烷或钯(dba)2/三-邻-甲苯基膦)以及溶剂(例如二甲基甲酰胺,添加或未添加碱,如三乙胺)通过Stille偶联法引入R1基团。Suzuki和Stille反应的典型的反应条件和试剂可见本文(还可参见Rossi等人Synthesis15:2419-2440(2004),Buchwald等人Accounts of Chemical Research,41:1461-1473(2008),Fu.Accounts of Chemical Research,41:1555-1564(2008)以及Echavarren等人Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.,43:4704-4734(2004)以及此处的参考文献)。所得的R1氨基吡嗪B可采用NBS或其它的标准溴化条件进行溴化,以提供溴化的中间体C,后者再与2-溴乙酸酐反应提供酰化中间体D。取代基R2可通过胺加成至D后闭环引入,从而得到所需的产物,该引入在胺碱(例如,三乙胺)存在下并在合适的溶剂(例如乙腈)中加热进行。
方案2
替代性地,如方案2所示,如上文所述以2-溴乙酸酐处理3,5-二溴吡嗪-2-胺E以提供中间体F。如上文所述,通过胺加成至F后闭环引入R2取代基以提供中间体G。然后按上文所述方法引入R1基团,即在钯催化剂和碱存在下与合适的硼酸或硼酸酯通过Suzuki偶联,或者替代性地在钯催化剂存在下与合适的锡烷通过Stille偶联引入R1基团,以提供所需的产物。
方案3
在另一方案中(方案3),先后用2-氯乙酸酐和碘化钠处理3,5-二溴吡嗪-2-胺E以提供碘化中间体F2。按照方案2中针对F的步骤将中间体F2转化为所需的产物。
方案4
为了提供羰基α取代的类似物(方案4),可将适当取代的氨基保护的氨基酸H(PN为氨基保护基团如Boc)与3,5-二溴吡嗪-2-胺在偶联剂(例如,1,1'-羰基二咪唑)的存在下反应。采用脱保护条件(例如,当PN为Boc时,可通过以例如TFA或HCl处理实现脱保护)后,钯催化闭环(采用,例如,重碳酸钠、醋酸钯(II)和4,5-双(联苯基膦基)-9,9-二甲基氧杂蒽)提供中间体I。如前所述,可采用合适的硼酸或硼酸酯、钯催化剂、溶剂和碱通过Suzuki偶联,或者替代性地采用合适的锡烷、钯催化剂和溶剂通过Stille偶联(如上文所述),引入R1基团以提供所需的产物。该方法还可用于提供R2为氢的类似物。此外,该途径可用于通过采用合适的起始氨基酸提供R3和R4连同它们连接的原子形成螺环的化合物。
方案5
R2和R3与它们连接的原子一起形成环的类似物(参见方案5)可通过与方案4类似的化学方法以合适的环状氨基酸J起始获取。
方案6
为了获得所需的产物,偶联伙伴的反应活性可以被逆转。例如,如方案6所示,中间体I可通过与例如六甲基二锡(R++为甲基)在钯催化剂(例如四(三苯基膦)-钯)存在下的反应被转化为相应的锡烷K,且可按上文所述采用合适的卤素(例如溴化物)和溶剂通过Stille偶联法引入基团以提供所需的产物。替代性地,中间体I可通过与4,4,4',4',5,5,5',5'-八甲基-2,2'-二(1,3,2-二噁硼戊烷)在钯催化剂(例如1,1'-双(联苯基膦基)二茂铁]钯(II)二氯甲烷)和碱(例如乙酸钾)存在下于溶剂(例如二噁烷)中反应被转化为相应的硼酸酯K2。可采用合适的卤素(例如溴化物)、钯催化剂和溶剂通过上述Suzuki偶联法引入R1基团以提供所需的产物。
方案7
式(II)的化合物可按照方案7所示获取。用2-氧乙酸乙基酯(在例如作为还原剂的氢化硼钠存在下)还原胺化3,5-二溴吡嗪-2-胺E得到中间体L。替代性地,3,5-二溴吡嗪-2-胺E可通过与乙基2-氯乙酸酯在碱性条件(使用例如Cs2CO3)下反应转化为中间体L。可在胺碱(例如,二异丙基乙胺)存在下,在合适的溶剂(DMSO)中加热,随后酸催化闭环(采用例如乙酸),将R2取代基通过胺加成至L,从而提供中间体M。替代性地,该胺加成产物L可在碱催化条件下(例如以叔丁醇钾在合适的溶剂中处理)进行闭环。如前所述,可采用合适的硼酸或硼酸酯、钯催化剂、溶剂和碱,通过Suzuki偶联,或者替代性地以合适的锡烷、钯催化剂和溶剂,通过Stille偶联法(如上所述)引入R1基团以提供所需的产物。
方案8
一种替代性的路线(方案8)起始于2,6-二氯吡嗪N与合适的氨基酯(R^为C1-3烷基)的反应,然后用氢和钯催化剂(例如氢氧化钯)、碱(例如碳酸钾)在溶剂(例如乙醇)中还原脱卤,通过与溴化剂(例如NBS)反应溴化得到中间体O。如上文,可通过胺加成至O后酸催化闭环引入R2取代基,以得到中间体P。可采用合适的硼酸或硼酸酯、钯催化剂、溶剂和碱通过Suzuki偶联,或者替代性地采用合适的锡烷、钯催化剂和溶剂通过Stille偶联法引入R1基团以提供所需的产物(如上文所述)。该方案还可以合成羰基被R3α取代的类似物。
方案9
如前所述,为了获得所需的产物,偶联伙伴的反应活性可以被逆转(方案9)。例如,中间体P可被转化为相应的锡烷Q,且可采用合适的卤素、钯催化剂、溶剂和碱通过Stille偶联法(如上文所述)引入R1基团,以提供所需的产物。替代性地,中间体P可被转化为相应的硼酸酯Q2,且可采用合适的卤素、钯催化剂、溶剂和碱通过Suzuki偶联法(如上文所述)引入R1基团以提供所需的产物。
本发明提供了制备式(I)的化合物的方法,
该方法包括将式(III)的化合物
与R1-Y在溶剂中钯催化剂存在下相接触,其中所述接触在适于提供式(I)的化合物的条件下进行,其中R1、R2、R3和R4如本文定义,且
a)当X为卤素(例如Br、Cl或I)时,Y为B(OR+)2或Sn(R++)3;或者
b)当Y为卤素(例如Br、Cl或I)时,X为B(OR+)2或Sn(R++)3;
其中每个R+独立地为卤素、或取代或未取代的C1-3烷基,或者每个R+和硼原子连同它们连接的原子一起形成环状硼酸酯;且R++为C1-4烷基。典型的溶剂为二甲基甲酰胺、异丙醇、二噁烷、甲苯、二甲基乙酰胺、四氢呋喃、乙腈、异丙基乙酸酯、二甲亚砜、丙酮、甲醇、甲基叔丁基醚或其组合物,其中可存在或不存在水,且钯催化剂为二氯[1,1'-双(联苯基膦基)二茂铁]钯(II)二氯-甲烷)、钯(dba)2/三邻甲苯基膦、二氯[1,1’-双(di叔丁基膦基)二茂铁]钯、二氯双(对二甲氨基苯基二叔丁基膦)钯(II)、四(三苯基膦)钯(0)或乙酸钯(II)/4,5-双(联苯基膦基)-9,9-二甲基氧杂蒽。在一些实施方式中,当X或Y为卤素时,卤素为Br。在一些实施方式中,当X或Y为B(OR+)2时,接触在碱(例如碳酸钠、三乙胺、二异丙基乙胺、哌啶、吡啶、碳酸铯、碳酸钾、磷酸钾或氢氧化钾)存在下进行。在一些这种实施方式中,B(OR+)2为B(OH)2或B(-OC(CH3)2C(CH3)2O-)。在其它实施方式中,当X或Y为Sn(R++)3时,接触可选地在碱(例如三乙胺、碳酸钠、二异丙基乙胺、哌啶、吡啶、碳酸铯、碳酸钾、磷酸钾或氢氧化钾)存在下进行。在一些这种实施方式中,R++为甲基或正丁基。
本发明还提供了制备式(III)的化合物的方法,
该方法包括将式(IV)的化合物
与R2-NH2在溶剂(例如乙腈或四氢呋喃)中于碱(三乙胺或二异丙基乙胺)存在下接触,其中所述接触在适于提供式(III)的化合物的条件下进行,其中R2如本文定义,R3和R4为H,X为卤素如Br,Hal为卤素如Br,且Hal2为Br或I。
本发明还提供了制备式(III)的化合物的方法,
该方法包括环化式(V)的化合物
在溶剂(例如乙腈)中于钯催化剂(例如醋酸钯(II))、配体(例如4,5-双-(联苯基膦基)-9,9-二甲基氧杂蒽)和碱(例如重碳酸钠)存在下进行环化,其中所述环化在适于提供式(III)的化合物的条件下进行,其中R2如本文定义,R3和R4如本文定义,X为卤素如Br,且Hal为卤素如Br。
本发明还提供了制备式(II)的化合物的方法,
该方法包括将式(VI)的化合物
与R1-Y在溶剂中钯催化剂存在下相接触,其中所述接触在适于提供式(I)的化合物的条件下进行,其中R1、R2和R3如本文定义,且
a)当X为卤素(例如Br、Cl或I)时,Y为B(OR+)2或Sn(R++)3;或者
b)当Y为卤素(例如Br、Cl或I)时,X为B(OR+)2或Sn(R++)3;
其中每个R+独立地为卤素、或取代或未取代的C1-3烷基,或者每个R+和硼原子连同它们连接的原子一起形成环状硼酸酯;且每个R++为C1-4烷基。
典型的溶剂为二甲基甲酰胺、异丙醇、二噁烷、甲苯、二甲基乙酰胺、四氢呋喃、乙腈、异丙基乙酸酯、二甲亚砜、丙酮、甲醇、甲基叔丁基醚或其组合物,其中可存在或不存在水,钯催化剂为二氯[1,1'-双(联苯基膦基)二茂铁]钯(II)二氯-甲烷)、钯(dba)2/三邻甲苯基膦、二氯[1,1’-双(di叔丁基膦基)二茂铁]钯、二氯双(对二甲氨基苯基二叔丁基膦)钯(II)、四(三苯基膦)钯(0)或乙酸钯(II)/4,5-双(联苯基膦基)-9,9-二甲基氧杂蒽。在一些实施方式中,当X或Y为卤素时,该卤素为Br。在一些实施方式中,当X或Y为B(OR+)2时,接触在碱(例如碳酸钠、三乙胺、二异丙基乙胺、哌啶、吡啶、碳酸铯、碳酸钾、磷酸钾或氢氧化钾)存在下进行。在一些这种实施方式中,B(+)2为B(OH)2或B(-OC(CH3)2C(CH3)2O-)。在其它实施方式中,当X或Y为Sn(R++)3时,接触可选地在碱(例如三乙胺、碳酸钠、二异丙基乙胺、哌啶、吡啶、碳酸铯、碳酸钾、磷酸钾或氢氧化钾)存在下进行。在一些这种实施方式中,R++为甲基或正丁基。
本发明还提供了制备式(IV)的化合物的方法,
该方法包括环化式(VII)的化合物
环化在碱(例如丁醇钾)或酸(例如乙酸、TFA、HCl或磷酸)存在下进行,其中所述环化在适于提供式(VI)的化合物的条件下进行,其中R2和R3如本文定义,Hal为卤素如Br,且R为H或C1-4烷基。环化通常在溶剂(例如甲醇或水)中进行。
本发明还提供了制备式(VII)的化合物的方法,
该方法包括将式(VIII)的化合物
与R2-NH2在溶剂(例如二甲亚砜或N-甲基吡咯烷)中可选地在碱(例如三乙胺或二异丙基乙胺)存在下接触,其中所述接触在适于提供式(VII)的化合物的条件下进行,其中R2和R3如本文所述,且Hal为卤素如Br。
杂芳基化合物的药学可接受的盐可通过常规和已知的技术形成,例如通过将杂芳基化合物与上文所述的合适的酸反应。这种盐通常在温和的温度下以高产率形成,且常可通过在合成的最后步骤由合适的酸洗分离该化合物得到。这种成盐酸可溶解于合适的有机溶剂或水性有机溶剂中,例如烷醇、酮或酯中。另一方面,如果期望杂芳基化合物呈游离碱的形式,则可根据已知的技术从碱性的最终洗涤步骤分离得到。例如,典型的制备盐酸盐的技术是将游离碱溶解于合适的溶剂中,并完全干燥该溶液,如通过分子筛,然后鼓吹通过氯化氢气体。
使用方法
此处所述的杂芳基化合物可作为药物用于治疗或预防动物或人的疾病。此外,此处所述的杂芳基化合物具有针对激酶(例如,蛋白激酶)的活性,包括在癌症、炎症性疾病、免疫疾病、神经退行性疾病、糖尿病、肥胖、神经障碍、年龄相关性疾病和心血管疾病中涉及的激酶。不希望受限于理论,认为杂芳基化合物由于其调节(例如,抑制)在疾病和病症的病原学中涉及的激酶的能力而具有治疗和预防所述疾病和病症的效力。相应地,本发明提供了杂芳基化合物的多种用途,包括治疗和预防下文列举的疾病。此处提供的方法包括向有此需要的患者施用有效量的一种或多种杂芳基化合物。在一些实施方式中,该方法进一步包括施用此处所述的第二活性剂。
可用杂芳基化合物治疗或预防的代表性的免疫疾病包括,但不限于,变形性关节炎、类风湿性脊椎炎、骨关节炎、多发性硬化、狼疮、炎症性肠病、溃疡性结肠炎、克罗恩病、重症肌无力、巴塞多氏病、脑脊髓炎、II型糖尿病、皮肤肌炎和移植排斥(例如,在心、肺、心-肺联合、肝、肾、胰腺、皮肤或角膜移植的受体治疗中的移植排斥;或者移植物抗宿主病,例如在骨髓移植之后)。
可用杂芳基化合物治疗或预防的代表性的炎症性疾病包括,但不限于,牛皮癣、哮喘和变应性鼻炎、支气管炎、慢性阻塞性肺病、肿性纤维化、炎症性肠病、过敏性肠综合症、克罗恩病、粘液膜性结肠炎、溃疡性结肠炎和肥胖。
可用杂芳基化合物治疗或预防的代表性的心血管疾病包括,但不限于,再狭窄、Wolf-Parkinson-White综合症、中风、心肌梗死,或者心脏、肺、肠、肾、肝、胰腺、脾或脑的缺血性损伤。
可用杂芳基化合物治疗或预防的代表性的神经退行性疾病包括,但不限于,Huntington病、阿尔茨海默病、帕金森氏病、由tau突变引起的痴呆、3型脊髓小脑性共济失调、由SOD1突变引起的运动神经病、神经元腊样脂褐质症/Batten病(小儿神经变性)以及与HIV相关的脑炎。
可用杂芳基化合物治疗或预防的代表性的年龄相关性疾病包括,但不限于,癌症、肥胖、II型糖尿病、自体免疫疾病、心血管疾病和神经元变性。
在另一实施方式中,本发明提供了治疗或预防纤维化疾病或紊乱的方法。在特定的实施方式中,本发明提供了治疗或预防硬皮病、特发性肺纤维化、肾纤维化、肿性纤维化、骨髓纤维变性、肝纤维化、脂肪性纤维化和脂肪性肝炎的方法。
可用杂芳基化合物治疗或预防的代表性的癌症包括,但不限于,头部,颈部,眼,口,喉,食道,气管,喉头,咽头,胸部,骨骼,肺,结肠,直肠,胃,前列腺癌,膀胱,子宫,宫颈,乳腺,卵巢,睾丸或其它生殖器官,皮肤,甲状腺,血液,淋巴结,肾,肝,胰,以及脑或中枢神经系统的癌症。杂芳基化合物还可用于治疗或预防实体瘤和血源瘤。
在本发明提供的方法范围内的特定的癌症包括与涉及mTOR、PI3K或Akt激酶及其突变体和异构体的途径有关的癌症。在本发明提供的方法范围内的其它癌症包括与如下激酶的途径相关的癌症:PI3Kα、PI3Kβ、PI3Kδ、KDR、GSK3α、GSK3β、ATM、ATX、ATR、cFMS和/或DNA-PK激酶及其突变体或异构体。在一些实施方式中,这种与mTOR/PI3K/Akt途径有关的癌症包括实体和血源肿瘤,例如,多发性骨髓瘤、外套细胞淋巴瘤、弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤、急性骨髓性白血病、滤泡性淋巴瘤、慢性淋巴细胞性白血病;乳腺、肺、子宫内膜、卵巢、胃、子宫颈和前列腺癌;恶性胶质瘤;肾癌;肝细胞癌;结肠癌;神经内分泌瘤;头部和颈部肿瘤;以及肉瘤。
在特定的实施方式中,本发明提供了与mTOR信号转导激活有关的疾病或紊乱的治疗或预防方法,所述疾病或紊乱包括,但不限于,由PTEN(在染色体10上删除了磷酸酶和张力蛋白同系物)、TSC1(结节性硬化1)、TSC2(结节性硬化2)、NF1(神经纤维瘤蛋白1)、AMPK(AMP-依赖性蛋白激酶STK11、丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶11)、LKB1、VHL(von Hippel-Lindau病)和PKD1(多囊素-1)的遗传缺陷直接或间接导致的肿瘤综合症。不希望受限于理论,认为与这些蛋白有关的遗传缺陷导致了mTOR/PI3K/Akt途径的过度激活(hyperactivation)。可通过抑制mTOR/PI3K/Akt途径进行治疗或预防的一些特定的疾病包括,但不限于,Cowden病、Cowden综合症、类Cowden综合症、Bannayan-Zonana综合症、Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba综合症、Lhermitte-Duclos病、子宫内膜癌、结节性脑硬化综合症、淋巴管平滑肌增多症、多发性神经纤维瘤1、Peutz-Jeghers综合症、肾细胞癌、von Hippel-Lindau病、Proteus综合症以及多囊性肾病。
在一个特定的实施方式中,本发明提供了与mTOR、PI3K、Akt和/或DNA-PK信号转导有关的疾病和紊乱的治疗或预防的方法。可通过抑制mTOR、PI3K、Akt和/或DNA-PK信号转导进行治疗或预防的特定疾病包括,但不限于,变形性关节炎;类风湿性脊椎炎;骨关节炎;痛风;哮喘、支气管炎;变应性鼻炎;慢性阻塞性肺病;肿性纤维化;炎症性肠病;过敏性肠综合症;粘液膜性结肠炎;溃疡性结肠炎;克罗恩病;Huntington病;胃炎;食道炎;肝炎;胰脏炎;肾炎;多发性硬化;红斑狼疮;动脉硬化症;血管成形后的再狭窄;左心室肥大;心肌梗死;中风;心、肺、肠、肾、肝、胰腺、脾和脑的缺血性损伤;急性或慢性器官移植排斥;供移植器官的保藏;器官衰竭或肢缺损(例如,但不限于,由局部缺血-伤害性多次灌注液、外伤、严重身体损伤、车祸、压轧伤或移植失败所引起);移植物抗宿主病;内毒素休克;多器官衰竭;牛皮癣;暴露至火焰、化学品或辐射所致的烧伤;湿疹;皮肤炎;表皮移植;局部缺血;与手术或外伤损伤有关的缺血性病症(例如,车祸、枪伤或肢体压损);癫痫;阿尔茨海默病;帕金森氏病;对细菌或病毒感染的免疫应答;恶病质;脉管原性和增殖性疾病(包括色素性视网膜炎)、实体瘤和各种器官如结直肠、前列腺、肝、肺、支气管、胰腺、脑、头、颈、胃、皮肤、肾、子宫颈、血液、喉头、食道、嘴、咽头、膀胱、卵巢或子宫的癌症。
本发明还提供了在表达激酶的细胞中抑制所述激酶的方法,其包括将该细胞与有效量的此处所述的杂芳基化合物相接触。在一个实施方式中,所述激酶为mTOR、DNA-PK或PI3K或其组合。在一些实施方式中,细胞在患者体内。
本发明还提供了用于治疗或预防可通过抑制激酶途径(例如,mTOR/PI3K/Akt和/或DNA-PK途径)进行治疗或预防的病症的方法,其包括向有此需要的患者施用有效量的此处所述的杂芳基化合物。在一些实施方式中,可通过抑制mTOR/PI3K/Akt途径进行治疗或预防的病症包括实体和血源肿瘤,例如,多发性骨髓瘤、外套细胞淋巴瘤、弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤、急性骨髓性白血病、滤泡性淋巴瘤、慢性淋巴细胞性白血病;乳腺、肺、子宫内膜、卵巢、胃、子宫颈以及前列腺癌;恶性胶质瘤;肾癌;肝细胞癌;结肠癌;神经内分泌瘤;头部和颈部肿瘤;肉瘤;由PTEN(在染色体10上删除了磷酸酶和张力蛋白同系物)、TSC1(结节性硬化1)、TSC2(结节性硬化2)、NF1(神经纤维瘤蛋白1)、AMPK(AMP-依赖性蛋白激酶STK11、丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶11)、LKB1、VHL(von Hippel-Lindau病)和PKD1(多囊素-1)的遗传缺陷直接或间接导致的肿瘤综合症;Cowden病、Cowden综合症、类Cowden综合症、Bannayan-Zonana综合症、Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba综合症、Lhermitte-Duclos病、子宫内膜癌、结节性脑硬化综合症、淋巴管平滑肌增多症、多发性神经纤维瘤1、Peutz-Jeghers综合症、肾细胞癌、vonHippel-Lindau病、Proteus综合症以及多囊性肾病;变形性关节炎;类风湿性脊椎炎;骨关节炎;痛风;哮喘、支气管炎;变应性鼻炎;慢性阻塞性肺病;肿性纤维化;炎症性肠病;过敏性肠综合症;粘液膜性结肠炎;溃疡性结肠炎;克罗恩病;Huntington病;胃炎;食道炎;肝炎;胰脏炎;肾炎;多发性硬化;红斑狼疮;动脉硬化症;血管成形后的再狭窄;左心室肥大;心肌梗死;中风;心、肺、肠、肾、肝、胰腺、脾和脑的缺血性损伤;急性或慢性器官移植排斥;供移植器官的保存;器官衰竭或肢缺损(例如,包括,但不限于,由局部缺血-再灌注、外伤、严重身体损伤、车祸、压轧伤或移植失败所导致的器官衰竭或肢缺损);移植物抗宿主病;内毒素休克;多器官衰竭;牛皮癣;由暴露至火焰、化学品或辐射导致的烧伤;湿疹;皮肤炎;表皮移植;局部缺血;与手术或外伤性损伤有关的缺血性病症(例如,车祸、枪伤或肢体压损);癫痫;阿尔茨海默病;帕金森氏病;对细菌或病毒感染的免疫应答;恶病质;脉管原性和增殖性疾病,包括色素性视网膜炎,实体肿瘤,以及各种组织,如结肠,直肠,前列腺,肝,肺,支气管,胰,脑,头部,颈部,胃,皮肤,肾脏,子宫颈,血液,喉,食道,口腔,咽,膀胱,卵巢或子宫的癌症。
更具体而言,可通过此处提供的方法和组合物治疗或预防的癌症和相关的紊乱包括但不限于如下:白血病,例如但不限于,急性白血病,急性淋巴细胞白血病,急性髓细胞白血病,如成髓细胞白血病、前髓细胞白血病、髓单核细胞白血病、单核细胞白血病、红白血病和骨髓增生异常综合症(或其综合症,例如贫血,血小板减少,中性粒细胞减少症,双血球减少(bicytopenia)或全血细胞减少症),难治性贫血(RA),伴有环铁芽球的难治性贫血(RARS),原始细胞增多的难治性贫血(RAEB),转化中的RAEB(RAEB-T),白血病前期和慢性髓单核细胞白血病(CMML),慢性白血病,例如但不限于,慢性髓细胞(粒细胞)白血病、慢性淋巴细胞白血病、多毛细胞白血病;真性红细胞增多症;淋巴瘤,例如但不限于,Hodgkin病、非Hodgkin病;多发性骨髓瘤,例如但不限于,阴燃多发性骨髓瘤、非分泌性骨髓瘤、骨硬化性骨髓瘤、浆细胞性白血病、孤立性浆和髓外浆细胞瘤;Waldenstrom巨球蛋白血症;意义未明的单克隆丙种球蛋白病;良性单克隆丙种球蛋白病;重链病;骨癌和结缔组织肉瘤,例如但不限于骨组织肉瘤、骨肉瘤、软骨肉瘤、Ewing肉瘤、恶性骨巨细胞瘤、骨纤维肉瘤、脊索瘤、骨膜肉瘤、软组织肉瘤、血管肉瘤(血管肉瘤)、纤维肉瘤、Kaposi肉瘤、平滑肌肉瘤、脂肪肉瘤、淋巴管肉瘤、转移癌、神经鞘瘤、横纹肌肉瘤、滑膜肉瘤;脑肿瘤,例如但不限于,脑胶质瘤、星形胶质细胞瘤、脑干胶质瘤、室管膜瘤、少突胶质细胞瘤、nonglial肿瘤、听神经瘤、颅咽管瘤、髓母细胞瘤、脑膜瘤、成松果体细胞瘤、成松果体细胞瘤、原发性脑淋巴瘤;乳腺癌,包括但不限于腺癌、小叶(小细胞)癌、导管内癌、乳腺癌髓、粘液性乳腺癌、乳腺癌管、乳头乳腺癌、原发癌症、Paget病和炎性乳腺癌;肾上腺肿瘤,例如但不仅限于,嗜铬细胞瘤和肾上腺皮质癌;甲状腺癌,例如但不仅限于,乳头或甲状腺滤泡癌、甲状腺髓样癌和未分化甲状腺癌,胰腺癌,例如但不限于,胰岛瘤、胃泌素瘤、胰高糖素瘤、血管活性肠肽瘤、生长抑素分泌肿瘤以及良性癌或胰岛细胞瘤,垂体癌,例如但不限于,Cushing病、泌乳素分泌肿瘤、肢端肥大症、尿崩症;眼癌,例如但不限于,黑色素瘤眼虹膜,如黑色素瘤、脉络膜黑色素瘤、并睫状机构黑色素瘤、视网膜母细胞瘤;阴道癌,例如鳞状细胞癌、腺癌、和黑色素瘤;外阴癌,如鳞状细胞癌、黑色素瘤、腺癌、基底细胞癌、肉瘤以及Paget病;子宫颈癌,例如但不限于,鳞状细胞癌和腺癌;子宫癌,例如但不局限于子宫内膜癌和子宫肉瘤,卵巢癌,例如但不限于卵巢上皮癌、交界性肿瘤、生殖细胞肿瘤、和间质细胞瘤;食道癌,例如但不仅限于,鳞状上皮癌、腺癌、腺样囊性癌、粘液表皮样癌、腺鳞癌、肉瘤、黑色素瘤、浆细胞瘤、疣状癌和燕麦细胞(小细胞)癌;胃癌,例如但不仅限于,腺癌、蕈伞型(息肉)、溃疡、表浅扩散型、弥散型、恶性淋巴瘤、脂肪肉瘤、纤维肉瘤和肉瘤;结肠癌,直肠癌;胃癌,如腺癌、鳞状细胞癌、类癌、淋巴瘤、胃基质瘤、神经内分泌肿瘤;肝癌,例如但不仅限于,肝细胞癌和肝母细胞瘤,胆囊癌症,如腺癌;胆管癌,例如但不仅限于,乳头状,结核状和弥漫性;肺癌,例如非小细胞肺癌、鳞状细胞癌(上皮癌)、腺癌、大细胞癌和小细胞肺癌;睾丸癌,例如但不限于,胚组织瘤、精原细胞瘤、退化发育、经典(典型)精母细胞瘤、非精原细胞瘤、胚胎癌、畸胎瘤癌、绒毛膜癌(卵黄囊肿瘤),前列腺癌,例如但不限于,腺癌、平滑肌肉瘤以及横纹肌肉瘤;penal癌;口腔癌,例如但不限于,鳞状细胞癌;基底癌症;唾液腺癌症,例如但不限于,腺癌,黏液表皮样癌,以及腺腺样囊性癌;咽癌,如但不限于鳞状细胞癌以及疣;皮肤癌,例如包括但不限于,基底细胞癌、鳞状细胞癌和黑色素瘤、浅表性传播黑色素瘤、结节性黑色素瘤、恶性黑色素瘤雀斑、肢端恶性黑色素瘤;肾癌,例如但不限于,肾细胞癌、腺癌、肾上腺样瘤、纤维肉瘤、移行细胞癌(肾盂和/或输尿管);Wilms肿瘤;膀胱癌,例如但不局限于,移行细胞癌、鳞状细胞癌、腺癌、癌肉瘤。此外,癌症包括粘液肉瘤、骨源性肉瘤、内皮肉瘤、淋巴管内皮肉瘤、间皮瘤、滑膜瘤、血管母细胞瘤、上皮癌、囊腺癌、支气管癌、汗腺瘤、皮脂腺癌、乳头状癌和乳头状腺癌(这类疾病的综述可参见Fishman等人,1985,Medicine,2d Ed.,J.B.LippincottCo.,Philadelphia和Murphy等人,1997,Informed Decisions:The Complete Book ofCancer Diagnosis,Treatment,and Recovery,Viking Penguin,Penguin Books U.S.A.,Inc.,United States of America)。
相应地,本发明提供的方法和组合物还可用于治疗或预防多种癌症和其它的异常增殖疾病,包括(但不限于)如下:癌症,包括膀胱、乳腺、结肠、肾、肝、肺、卵巢、胰腺、胃、宫颈、甲状腺和皮肤的癌症;包括鳞状细胞癌;淋巴系的造血肿瘤,包括白血病、急性淋巴细胞白血病、急性成淋巴细胞白血病、B细胞淋巴瘤、T细胞淋巴瘤、Berketts淋巴瘤;脊髓系造血肿瘤,包括急性和慢性骨髓性白血病和早幼粒细胞白血病;间质来源的肿瘤,包括纤维肉瘤和横纹肌瘤;其他肿瘤,包括黑色素瘤、精原细胞瘤、畸胎癌、神经母细胞瘤和神经胶质瘤;中枢和外周神经系统的肿瘤,包括星形细胞瘤、胶质母细胞瘤、神经母细胞瘤、神经胶质瘤和神经鞘瘤;实体瘤和血源肿瘤;间质来源的肿瘤,包括纤维肉瘤、横纹肌瘤和骨肉瘤;以及其它肿瘤,包括黑色素瘤、着色性干皮病、keratoactanthoma、精原细胞瘤、甲状腺滤泡癌和畸胎癌。还预期由凋亡异常引起的癌症可通过本发明提供的方法和组合物进行治疗。这类癌症包括,但不限于,滤泡性淋巴瘤、具有p53突变的肿瘤、乳腺的激素依赖性肿瘤、前列腺癌和卵巢癌、及癌前病变,如家族性腺瘤性息肉、青年性多发性息肉综合症、Birt-Hogg-Dubé综合症(BHD)和骨髓增生异常综合症。在特定的实施方式中,可治疗或预防卵巢、膀胱、乳腺、结肠、肺、皮肤、胰腺、肾或子宫的恶性肿瘤或增殖异常变化(例如组织变性和发育异常)或过度增殖疾病。在其它特定的实施方式中,可治疗或预防肉瘤、黑色素瘤或白血病。
在特定的实施方式中,本发明提供的方法和组合物还可用于治疗、预防或控制各种类型的淋巴瘤(即,形成于网状内皮组织和淋巴系统的异源性新生物组)、非Hodgkin淋巴瘤(NHL)(即,免疫系统中的位置(包括淋巴结、骨髓、脾、肝和胃肠道)中淋巴细胞的恶性单克隆增殖)。可采用杂芳基化合物治疗或预防的NHL包括,但不限于,外套细胞淋巴瘤、MCL、中间分化的淋巴细胞性淋巴瘤、中间淋巴细胞性淋巴瘤、ILL、弥散性低分化淋巴细胞性淋巴瘤、PDL、中心细胞性淋巴瘤、弥漫性小裂细胞型淋巴瘤、DSCCL、滤泡性淋巴瘤以及能在显微镜下观察到的各类外套细胞淋巴瘤(结节性、弥散性、母细胞性和套区淋巴瘤)。
在另一实施方式中,本发明提供的方法和组合物还可用于向需要治疗恶性疾病的患者(例如,患有急性淋巴细胞白血病、急性粒细胞性白血病、慢性粒细胞性白血病、慢性淋巴细胞白血病、骨髓增生异常综合症(“白血病前期”)、单体性7综合症、非Hodgkin淋巴瘤、神经母细胞瘤、脑肿瘤、多发性骨髓瘤、睾丸生殖肿瘤、乳腺癌、肺癌、卵巢癌、黑色素瘤、神经胶质瘤、肉瘤或其他实体瘤的患者)以及需要治疗非恶性疾病的患者(例如、患有血液病、先天性免疫缺陷、黏多糖、脂质沉积、骨质疏松症、Langerhan组织细胞增生症、Lesch-Nyhan综合症或糖原贮积病的患者)施用。
在另一实施方式中,本发明提供了治疗骨髓增生性疾病或骨髓增生异常综合症的方法,其包括向有此需要的患者施用有效量的杂芳基化合物或其组合物。在特定的实施方式中,骨髓增生性疾病为红细胞增多症;原发性血小板增多;慢性粒细胞性白血病;急性或慢性粒细胞白血病;急性或慢性髓单核细胞白血病;骨髓纤维化红白血病;或脉管原性髓样化生。
在另一实施方式中,本发明提供了治疗耐受其它激酶抑制剂如甲磺酸伊马替尼(STI-571或GleevecTM)的癌症或肿瘤的治疗方法,其包括向有此需要的患者施用有效量的杂芳基化合物或其组合物。在具体的实施方式中,本发明提供了治疗耐受甲磺酸伊马替尼(STI-571或GleevecTM)的白血病(包括但不限于胃肠道间质瘤(GIST)、急性淋巴细胞白血病和慢性粒细胞白血病)的治疗方法,其包括向有此需要的患者施用有效量的杂芳基化合物或其组合物。
在特定的实施方式中,本发明提供了用于治疗或预防白血病(即,血液形成组织的恶性新生物)的方法,所述白血病包括,但不限于,慢性淋巴细胞性白血病、慢性髓细胞白血病、急性成淋巴细胞白血病、急性骨髓性白血病和急性成髓细胞白血病。所述白血病可以对传统疗法具有复发性、难治性或耐药性。术语“复发性”指经治疗去除的白血病患者骨髓中的白血病细胞的重现以及正常血液细胞的减少。术语“难治性”或“耐药性”指即使经过强化治疗后,患者的骨髓中仍有残留白血病细胞的情况。
癌症的各种形式可参见2004年2月12日提交的美国申请公布号2004/0029832,其全文在此引用作为参考(例如,参见2.2节癌症的类型)。具体的癌症包括,但不限于,白血病例如慢性淋巴细胞性白血病、慢性髓细胞白血病、急性成淋巴细胞白血病、急性骨髓性白血病以及急性成髓细胞白血病;晚期恶性肿瘤、淀粉样变性、成神经细胞瘤、脑脊膜瘤、血管外皮瘤、多发性脑同质蜕变、各种形式的恶性胶质瘤、恶性胶质瘤、脑干神经胶质瘤、恶性脑瘤预后不良、恶性胶质瘤、复发性恶性胶质瘤、多形性成胶质细胞瘤、退行性寡轴突胶质细胞瘤、神经内分泌瘤、直肠腺癌、Dukes C&D结直肠癌、不能切除的结直肠癌、转移性肝细胞癌、卡波济氏肉瘤、核型急性成髓细胞白血病、霍奇金淋巴瘤、非霍奇金淋巴瘤、皮肤T淋巴细胞瘤、皮肤B淋巴细胞瘤、弥漫性大型B细胞淋巴瘤、低级别滤泡性淋巴瘤、恶性黑色素瘤、恶性间皮瘤、恶性胸膜积液间皮瘤综合症、腹膜癌、浆液性乳头状癌、妇科肉瘤、软组织肉瘤、皮肤血管炎、朗格汉斯细胞组织细胞增生症、平滑肌肉瘤、进行性骨化性纤维发育不良、激素难治性前列腺癌症、切除的高风险软组织肉瘤、不能切除的肝细胞癌、Waldenstrom巨球蛋白血症、郁积型骨髓癌、无痛性骨髓瘤、卵管癌、雄激素非依赖性前列腺癌、雄激素依赖性IV阶段非转移性前列腺癌、激素不敏感型前列腺癌、化疗不敏感型前列腺癌、乳头状甲状腺癌、滤泡性甲状腺癌、甲状腺髓样癌以及平滑肌瘤。在一个实施方式中,所述癌症是原发性的或转移性的。在另一实施方式中,所述癌症是复发性的或者对于化疗或放疗难治或耐受的;特别是对反应停具有难治性。
本发明进一步提供了对之前曾接受癌症治疗、但对标准疗法不应答的患者,以及对未曾接受治疗的患者进行治疗的方法。本发明还提供了不考虑患者年龄(尽管某些癌症在特定年龄段更为常见)对患者进行治疗的方法。本发明还提供了对为治疗癌症曾进行手术的患者、以及未进行手术的患者进行治疗的方法。由于癌症患者具有外源性临床表现和不同的临床后果,向患者提供的治疗可根据他/她的预后而变化。熟练的医师能够在不进行试验的情况下方便的指定可有效治疗患有癌症的患者个体的特定的第二药剂、外科手术类型以及非药物标准疗法类型。
此外,本发明提供了用于治疗或预防例如肺动脉高血压、Carney综合症、肌肉萎缩(萎缩、恶病质)、Danon病等肌病以及细菌、真菌和病毒感染(包括结核分枝杆菌、A组链球菌属、I型HSV以及HIV感染)等紊乱的方法。
杂芳基化合物可在此处所述的方法和组合物中联合其它药学活性化合物(“第二活性剂”)。认为特定的组合可在特定类型的疾病和紊乱以及与该疾病或紊乱相关的病症或症状的治疗中形成作用。杂芳基化合物可用于减轻与特定第二活性剂相关的副作用,反之亦然。
此处所述的方法和组合物中可采用一种或多种第二活性成分或药剂。第二活性剂可以是大分子(例如,蛋白)或小分子(例如,合成的无机分子、有机金属分子或有机分子)。
大分子第二活性剂的示例包括,但不限于,造血生长因子、细胞因子以及单克隆和多克隆抗体。所述活性剂的特定示例为抗-CD40单克隆抗体(例如,SGN-40);组织蛋白脱乙酰基酶抑制剂(例如MGCD0103、SAHA和LAQ 824);低甲基化剂(例如Vidaza);免疫调节剂产品(例如反应停、来那度胺和pomalidomide);热休克蛋白-90抑制剂(例如17-AAG);胰岛素样生长因子-1受体激酶抑制剂;血管内皮生长因子受体激酶抑制剂(例如PTK787);胰岛素生长因子受体抑制剂;溶血磷脂酸酰基转移酶抑制剂;IkB激酶抑制剂;p38MAPK抑制剂;Pim激酶抑制剂(例如SGO-1776或者披露于WO/2008/106692中的那些);EGFR抑制剂(例如吉非替尼和埃罗替尼盐酸盐);HER-2抗体(例如曲妥单抗()和帕妥珠单抗()),以及HER-2激酶抑制剂(例如拉帕替尼泊);VEGFR抗体(例如贝伐单抗(AvastinTM));VEGFR抑制剂(例如flk-1特异性激酶抑制剂,SU5416和ptk787/zk222584);P13K抑制剂(例如渥曼青霉素);C-Met抑制剂(例如PHA-665752);抗雌激素(例如,来曲唑、氟维司群、它莫西芬);单克隆抗体(例如利妥昔单抗()、托西莫单抗()、依决可单抗()和G250);以及抗-TNF-α抗体。小分子活性剂的示例包括,但不限于:小分子抗癌剂和抗生素(例如,克拉仙霉素)。
可与杂芳基化合物联合的具体第二活性化合物将随着待治疗、预防或控制的特定适应症而变化。
例如,用于癌症治疗、预防或控制的第二活性剂包括,但不限于:抗叶酸例如Premetrexed TM;司马沙尼;环孢菌素;依那西普;强力霉素;硼替佐米;阿西维辛;阿柔比星;阿考达唑盐酸盐;阿克罗宁;阿多来新;阿地白介素;六甲蜜胺;安波霉素;双氢胺蒽醌醋酸酯;安吖啶;阿纳托司唑;氨茴霉素;天冬酰胺酶;曲林菌素;阿扎胞苷;阿替派;阿佐霉素;巴马司他;苄替派;比卡鲁胺;比山群盐酸盐;甲碘酸双奈法德;比折来新;博莱霉素硫酸盐;硼替佐米;布喹那钠;溴匹立明;白消安;放线菌素;二甲睾酮;卡醋胺;卡贝替姆;卡波铂;卡氮芥;洋红霉素盐酸盐;卡折来新;西地芬戈;塞来昔布;苯丁酸氮芥;西罗里霉素;顺铂;克拉屈滨;克立那托甲磺酸;环磷酰胺;阿糖胞苷;达卡巴嗪;更生霉素,红霉素盐酸盐;地西他滨;右奥马铂;地扎呱宁;地扎呱宁甲磺酸;地吖醌;多西紫杉醇;阿霉素;盐酸阿霉素;屈洛昔芬;屈洛昔芬柠檬酸;屈他雄酮丙酸;重氮霉素;依达曲沙;依氟鸟氨酸盐酸盐;依沙芦星;恩洛铂;苯环丙炔酯;双环氧哌啶;表阿霉素盐酸盐;厄布洛唑;依索比星盐酸盐;雌氮芥;雌氮芥磷酸钠;依他硝唑;依托泊苷;依托泊苷磷酸;氯苯乙嘧胺;法倔唑盐酸盐;法扎拉滨;芬维A胺;氟尿苷;氟磷酸盐;氟尿嘧啶;氟环胞苷;磷喹酮;福司曲星钠;吉西他滨;吉西他滨盐酸盐;羟基脲;去甲氧柔红霉素盐酸盐;环磷酰胺;依莫佛新;异丙铂;依立替康,伊立替康盐酸盐;兰瑞肽醋酸;来曲唑;醋酸亮丙瑞林醋酸;利阿唑盐酸盐;洛美曲索钠;洛莫司汀;洛索蒽醌盐酸盐;马丙考;美登生碱;氮芥盐酸盐;甲地孕酮;醋酸美伦孕酮;马法兰;美诺立尔;巯基嘌呤;甲氨蝶呤;甲氨蝶呤钠;氯苯氨啶;米得派;米丁度胺;米托克星;丝裂红素;丝林霉素;丝裂马菌素;丝裂霉素;丝裂帕菌素;米托坦;盐酸米托蒽醌;麦考酚酸;噻氨酯哒唑;诺加霉素;奥马铂;奥昔舒仑;紫杉醇;培加帕酶;佩利霉素;溴新斯的明;派来霉素硫酸盐;过磷酰胺;溴丙哌嗪;哌酰硫烷;吡罗蒽醌盐酸盐;光神霉素;普洛美坦;卟吩姆钠;波福霉素;松龙苯芥;苄肼盐酸盐;嘌呤;嘌呤盐酸盐;吡唑呋喃菌素;异戊烯腺苷;沙芬戈;沙芬戈盐酸盐;司莫司汀;辛曲秦;磷乙酰天冬氨酸钠;稀疏霉素;螺旋锗盐酸盐;螺莫司汀;螺铂;链黑菌素;链脲霉素;磺氯苯脲;他利霉索;替可加兰钠;泰索帝;替加氟;替洛蒽醌盐酸盐;替莫泊芬;替尼泊苷;替罗昔隆;睾丸内脂;硫咪嘌呤;硫代鸟嘌呤;塞替派;噻唑呋啉;替拉扎明;枸橼酸托瑞米芬;7-甲诺酮醋酸盐;曲西立滨磷酸盐;曲美沙特;曲美沙特葡糖醛酸酯;曲普瑞林;妥布氯唑盐酸盐;尿嘧啶芥子气;尿烷亚胺;伐普肽;维替泊芬;硫酸长春碱;硫酸长春新碱;长春地辛;硫酸长春地辛;长春匹定硫酸盐;长春甘酯硫酸盐;环氧长春碱硫酸盐;酒石酸长春瑞滨;异长春碱硫酸盐;长春利定硫酸盐;伏氯唑;折尼拉汀;新制癌菌素;和佐柔比星盐酸盐。
其它的第二活性剂包括,但不限于:20-epi-1,25-二羟维生素D3;5乙炔基尿嘧啶;阿比特龙;阿柔比星;酰基富烯;adecypenol;阿多来新;阿地白介素;所有TK拮抗剂;六甲蜜胺;氨莫司汀;amidox;阿米福汀;氨基乙酰丙酸;氨柔比星;安吖啶;氯咪喹酮;阿纳托司唑;穿心莲内酯;血管生成抑制剂;拮抗剂D;拮抗剂G;安雷利克斯;抗背部化形态发生蛋白1;抗雄激素,前列腺癌;抗雌激素;抗癌肽类;反义寡核苷酸;阿非迪霉素甘氨酸盐;凋亡基因调节剂;凋亡调节剂;针对代谢的化合物例如百黎芦醇;脱嘌呤核酸;ara-CDP-DL-PTBA;cecropin B;精氨酸脱氨酶;asulacrine;阿他美坦;阿曲氮芥;axinastatin 1;axinastatin 2;axinastatin 3;阿扎司琼;阿扎毒素;重氮酪氨酸;巴卡亭III衍生物;balanol;巴马司他;BCR/ABL拮抗剂;苯并二氢卟酚;苯甲酰基十字孢碱;beta内酰胺衍生物;β-alethine;betaclamycin B;桦木酸,bFGF抑制剂;比卡鲁胺;比山群;bisaziridinylspermine;双奈法德;bistratene A;比折来新;breflate;溴匹立明;布多替钛;丁硫堇;钙泊三醇;蛋白激酶C;喜树碱衍生物;卡培他滨;氨甲酰-氨基-三唑;酰胺基三唑;CaRest M3;CARN 700;软骨源性抑制剂;卡折来新;酪蛋白激酶抑制剂(ICOS);澳粟精胺;西曲瑞克;双氢叶吩类;氨磺酰氯喹恶啉;西卡前列素;顺式卟啉;克拉屈滨;克罗米芬类似物;克霉唑;科利斯霉素A;科利斯霉素B;考布他汀A4;考布他汀类似物;conagenin;crambescidin 816;克立那托;自念珠藻环肽8;自念珠藻环肽A衍生物;curacin A;环戊酮蒽醌;cycloplatam;香附霉素;阿糖胞嘧啶;细胞毒性因子;磷酸己烷雌酚;达昔单抗;地西他滨;脱氢代代宁B;地洛瑞林;地塞米松;右异环磷酰胺;右丙亚胺;右维拉帕米;地吖醌;代代宁B;didox;二乙基亚硝胺;二氢-5-氮杂胞苷;二氢紫杉酚,9-;地奥霉素;二苯基螺莫司汀;多西紫杉醇;二十二醇;多拉司琼;去氧氟尿苷;阿霉素;屈洛昔芬;屈大麻酚;duocarmycin SA;依布硒啉;依考莫司汀;依地福新;依决可单抗;依氟鸟氨酸;榄香烯;乙嘧替氟;表阿霉素;爱普列特;雌氮芥类似物;雌激素受体激动剂;雌激素受体拮抗剂;依他硝唑;依托泊苷磷酸;依西美坦;法倔唑;法扎拉滨;芬维A胺;非格司亭;非那司提;夫拉平度;氟卓斯汀;fluasterone;氟达拉滨;氟脱氧尿苷盐酸盐;福酚美克;福美坦;福司曲星;福莫司汀;钆替沙林;硝酸镓;加洛他滨;加尼瑞克;明胶酶抑制剂;吉西他滨;谷胱甘肽抑制剂;hepsulfam;heregulin;六亚甲基二乙酰胺;金丝桃素;伊班膦酸;去甲氧柔红霉素;碘昔芬;伊决孟酮;依莫佛新;伊洛马司他;伊马替尼(如);咪喹莫特;免疫刺激肽;胰岛素样生长因子-1受体抑制剂;干扰素激动剂;干扰素,白细胞介素类;碘苄胍;碘阿霉素;4-甘薯苦醇;伊罗普拉;伊索格拉定;isobengazole;isohomohalicondrin B;伊他司琼;jasplakinolide;kahalalide F;片螺素-N三醋酸酯;兰乐肽;莱内霉素;来诺拉提;香菇多糖硫酸酯;leptolstatin;来曲唑;白血病抑制因子;白细胞α-干扰素;醋酸亮丙瑞林+雌激素+孕激素;亮丙瑞林;左旋咪唑;利阿唑;线性多胺类似物;脂糖肽;脂溶性铂化合物;lissoclinamide 7;洛铂;蚯蚓磷脂;洛美曲索;氯尼达明;洛索蒽醌;罗唑利宾;勒托替康;lutetium texaphyrin;lysofylline;裂解肽;美坦新;mannostatin A;马立马司他;马丙考;maspin;基质溶解素抑制剂;基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂;美诺立尔;硫巴妥苯胺;美替瑞林;蛋氨酸酶;胃复安;MIF抑制剂;米非司酮;米替福新;米立司亭;丙脒腙;二溴卫矛醇;丝裂霉素类似物;胺硝萘酞胺;mitotoxin成纤维细胞生长因子-皂草素;米托蒽醌;莫法罗汀;莫拉司亭;Erbitux人绒毛膜促性腺激素;单磷酰脂A+汉森氏杆菌细胞壁sk;单哌潘生丁;芥末抗癌药;印度洋海绵B;分枝杆菌细胞壁提取物;myriaporone;N-取代的乙酰地那林;N-取代苯酰胺;纳发阮林;那瑞替喷;纳洛酮+戊唑星;napavin;naphterpin;那托司亭;奈达铂;奈莫柔比星;奈立膦酸;尼鲁米特;乳链菌素;氧化氮调节剂;硝基氧抗氧化剂;nitrullyn;奥利默森();O6-苄基鸟嘌呤;奥曲肽;okicenone;寡核苷酸;奥那司酮;恩丹西酮;恩丹西酮;oracin;口服细胞因子诱导剂;奥马铂;奥沙特隆;奥沙利铂;oxaunomycin;紫杉醇;紫杉醇类似物;紫杉醇衍生物;palauamine;棕榈酰根胆酸;帕米膦酸;人参(炔)三醇;帕诺米芬;副菌铁素;帕折普汀;培加帕酶;培得星;戊聚硫钠;喷司他丁;pentrozole;潘氟隆;过磷酰胺;紫苏醇;phenazinomycin;苯乙酸;磷酸酶抑制剂;溶链菌;盐酸匹罗卡品;吡柔比星;吡曲克辛;placetin A;placetin B;纤溶酶原激活剂抑制剂;铂络合物;铂化合物;铂-三胺络合物;卟吩姆钠;波福霉素;泼尼松;丙基二吖啶酮;前列腺素J2;蛋白酶体抑制剂;基于蛋白A的免疫调节剂;蛋白激酶C抑制剂;蛋白激酶C抑制剂,微藻;蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶抑制剂;嘌呤核苷磷酸化酶抑制剂;紫红素;吡唑啉吖啶;吡醇羟乙酯血红蛋白聚氧乙烯共轭物;raf拮抗剂;雷替曲塞;雷莫司琼;角法尼基蛋白转移酶抑制剂;ras抑制剂;ras-GAP抑制剂;去甲基瑞替普汀;铼Re 186依替膦酸钠;根胆酸;核酶;RII维胺酸;罗希吐碱;罗莫肽;罗喹美克;rubiginone Bl;ruboxyl;沙芬戈;saintopin;SarCNU;sarcophytol A;沙莫司亭;Sdi 1模拟物;司莫司汀;衰老源性抑制剂1;正义寡核苷酸;信号转导抑制剂;西佐喃;索布佐生;硼卡钠;苯乙酸钠;solverol;生长调节素结合蛋白;索纳明;膦门冬酸;spicamycin D;螺莫司汀;脾脏五肽;spongistatin 1;角鲨胺;stipiamide;溶基质素抑制剂;sulfinosine;强效血管活性肠肽拮抗剂;suradista;舒拉明;苦马豆素;他莫司汀;三苯氧胺甲碘化物;牛碘莫司汀;他扎罗汀;替可加兰钠;替加氟;tellurapyrylium;端粒酶抑制剂;替莫泊芬;替尼泊苷;十氧化四氯;tetrazomine;thaliblastine;噻可拉林;血小板生成素;血小板生成素模拟物;胸腺法新;胸腺(细胞)生成素受体激动剂;胸腺曲南;促甲状腺激素;乙基锡初紫红素;替拉扎明;二氯二茂钛;topsentin;托瑞米芬;翻译抑制剂;维甲酸;三乙酰尿苷;曲西立滨;曲美沙特;曲普瑞林;托吡西隆;妥罗雄脲;酪氨酸激酶抑制剂;酪氨酸磷酸化抑制剂;UBC抑制剂;乌苯美司;泌尿生殖窦源性神经生长抑制因子;尿激酶受体拮抗剂;伐普肽;variolin B;维拉雷琐;藜芦明;verdins;维替泊芬;长春瑞滨;vinxaltine;vitaxin;伏氯唑;扎诺特隆;折尼拉汀;亚苄维C;和净司他丁斯酯。
特定的第二活性剂包括,但不限于:2-甲氧基雌二醇、telomestatin、多重骨髓瘤细胞凋亡的诱导剂(例如TRAIL)、硼替佐米、抑制素、司马沙尼、环孢菌素、依那西普、强力霉素、利妥昔单抗、硼替佐米、奥利默森()、英夫利西单抗、多西紫杉醇、塞来考昔、马法兰、地塞米松()、类固醇、吉西他滨、顺铂、替莫唑胺、依托泊苷、环磷酰胺、替莫唑胺、卡铂、苄肼、卡莫斯汀、他莫昔芬、托泊替康、甲氨蝶呤、、紫杉醇、泰索帝、氟尿嘧啶、亚叶酸钙、伊立替康、希罗达、CPT-11、干扰素α、聚乙二醇干扰素α-(例如、PEGINTRON-A)、卡培他滨、顺铂、塞替派、氟达拉滨、卡铂、脂质体柔红霉素、阿糖胞苷、紫杉特尔、紫杉醇(pacilitaxel)、长春花碱、IL-2、GM-CSF、达卡巴嗪、长春瑞滨、唑来膦酸、palmitronate、克拉霉素制剂、白血福恩、泼尼松、双膦酸盐、三氧化二砷、长春新碱、阿霉素()、紫杉醇、更昔洛韦、阿霉素、雌氮芥钠磷酸盐()、舒林酸和依托泊苷。
类似地,针对需要治疗、预防或控制的适应症的特定第二活性剂的示例可在如下参考文献中找到,其全文均在此引用作为参考:美国专利号5,635,517、6,281,230和7,189,740;以及美国专利申请公布号2004/0029832、2004/0087546、2004/0091455、2005/0100529、2005/0214328、2005/0239842、2006/0122228、2006/0143344、2006/0154880和2006/0188475。
其它的第二活性剂的示例包括,但不限于,用于治疗或预防疼痛的常规治疗剂如抗抑郁药、抗癫痫药、抗高血压药物、抗焦虑药物、钙通道阻滞剂、肌肉松弛剂、非麻醉性镇痛药、鸦片类止痛药、抗炎药、cox-2抑制剂、免疫调节剂、α-肾上腺素受体激动剂或拮抗剂、免疫抑制剂、皮质类固醇、高压氧、氯胺酮、其他麻醉剂、NMDA拮抗剂、以及其它可在Physician's Desk Reference 2003中发现的治疗剂。具体的示例包括、但不限于、乙酰水杨酸()、塞来考昔()、、氯胺酮、加巴喷丁()、苯妥英()、酰胺咪嗪()、奥卡西平()、丙戊酸()、硫酸吗啡、二氢吗啡酮、强的松、灰黄霉素、溴戊双铵、阿仑膦酸盐、苯海拉明、胍乙腚、酮咯酸()、甲状腺降钙素、二甲亚砜(DMSO)、可乐定()、溴苄胺、酮舍林、利血平、达哌啶醇、阿托品、酚妥拉明、布比卡因、利多卡因、对乙酰氨基酚、去甲替林()、阿米替林()、丙咪嗪()、多塞平()、氯丙咪嗪()、氟西汀()、舍曲林()、萘法唑酮()、文拉法辛()、曲唑酮()、丁氨苯丙酮()、美西律、硝苯地平、普萘洛尔、曲马多、拉莫三嗪、齐考诺肽、氯胺酮、右美沙芬、苯二氮卓类、巴氯芬、替扎尼定和酚苄明。
其它第二活性剂的示例包括,但不限于,类固醇、光致敏剂、整联蛋白、抗氧化剂、干扰素、黄嘌呤衍生物、生长激素、神经营养性因子、血管新生调节剂、抗-VEGF抗体、前列腺素、抗生素、植物雌激素、抗炎化合物或血管生成抑制化合物或其组合。具体的示例包括,但不限于,维替泊芬、purlytin、血管他丁类固醇、rhuFab、干扰素-2y、己酮可可碱、初卟啉锡、莫特沙芬镥、9-氟-11,21-二羟基-16,17-1-甲基次乙基双(氧基)孕甾、4-二烯3.20-二酮、拉坦前列素(见美国专利6,225,348)、四环素及其衍生物、利福霉素及其衍生物、大环内酯类、甲硝哒唑(美国专利号6,218,369和6,015,803)、染料木黄酮、染料木苷、6'-O-Mal染料木苷、6'-O-Ac染料木苷、大豆黄素、大豆苷、6'-O-Mal大豆苷、6'-O-Ac大豆苷、黄豆黄素、黄豆甙、6'-O-Mal黄豆甙、鹰嘴豆芽素A、芒柄花黄素(美国专利号6,001,368)、曲安奈德、地塞米松(美国专利号5,770,589)、酞咪哌啶酮、谷胱甘肽(美国专利号5,632,984)、碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)、转化生长因子b(TGF-b)、脑源性神经营养性因子(BDNF)、2型纤维蛋白溶酶原活化剂因子(PAI2)、EYE101(Eyetech Pharmaceuticals)、LY333531(Eli Lilly)、Miravant以及RETISERT移植物(Bausch&Lomb)。此处引用的所有参考文献均在此全文引用作为参考。
其它第二活性剂的示例包括,但不限于,角质离解剂、类视黄醇、α-羟酸、抗生素、胶原质、肉毒杆菌毒素、干扰素以及免疫调节剂。具体的示例包括,但不限于,5-氟尿嘧啶、马索罗酚、三氯醋酸、水杨酸、乳酸、乳酸铵、尿素、维甲酸、异维甲酸、抗生素、胶原蛋白、肉毒杆菌毒素、干扰素、皮质类固醇、反式视黄酸和胶原蛋白如人胎盘胶原蛋白、动物胎盘胶原、Dermalogen、AlloDerm、Fascia、Cymetra、Autologen、Zyderm、Zyplast、Resoplast和Isolagen。
其它第二活性剂的示例包括,但不限于,抗凝血剂、利尿剂、强心苷、钙通道阻滞剂、血管扩张剂、前列环素类似物、内皮素拮抗剂、磷酸二酯酶抑制剂(如PDE V抑制剂)、肽链内切酶抑制剂、降脂剂、血栓素抑制剂和其他已知降低肺动脉压的治疗剂。具体的示例包括,但不限于,华法林()、利尿剂、强心苷、地高辛氧、地尔硫卓、硝苯地平、血管扩张剂如前列环素(如前列腺素12(PGI2)、依前列醇(EPO、)、曲普地尼()、一氧化氮(NO)、波生坦()、氨氯地平、依前列醇()、曲普地尼()、前列环素、他达拉非()、辛伐他汀()、奥马曲拉()、依贝沙坦()、帕伐他丁()、地高辛、L-精氨酸、伊洛前列素、贝前列素和西地那非()。
其它第二活性剂的示例包括,但不限于,蒽环类抗生素、铂、烷化剂、奥利默森()、顺铂、环磷酰胺、替莫唑胺、卡铂、甲基苄肼、卡莫斯汀、他莫昔芬、托泊替康、氨甲蝶呤、泰索帝、伊立替康、卡培他滨、顺铂、塞替派、氟达拉滨、卡铂、脂质体柔红霉素、阿糖胞苷、doxetaxol、紫杉醇、长春花碱、IL-2、GM-CSF、达卡巴嗪、长春瑞滨、唑来膦酸、palmitronate、甲红霉素、白消安、强的松、双膦酸盐、三氧化二砷、长春新碱、多柔比星()、紫杉醇、更昔洛韦、阿霉素、博莱霉素、透明质酸酶、丝裂霉素C、米帕林、塞替派、四环素和吉西他滨。
其它第二活性剂的示例包括,但不限于,氯喹、奎宁、奎纳定、息疟定、磺胺嘧啶、强力霉素、氯林可霉素、甲氟喹、卤泛曲林、伯氨喹、羟基氯喹、氯胍、阿托伐醌、阿奇霉素、苏拉明、戊烷脒、美拉胂醇、硝呋替莫、苄硝唑、两性霉素B、五价锑化合物(例如、葡萄糖酸锑钠)、干扰素gamma、伊曲康唑、死前鞭毛体和BCG的组合、亚叶酸、皮质类固醇、磺胺、螺旋霉素、IgG(血清学)、甲氧苄氨嘧啶和磺胺甲基异噁唑。
其它第二活性剂的示例包括,但不限于,抗生素(治疗性或预防性),例如但不限于氨比西林、四环素、盘尼西林、头孢菌素、链霉素、卡那徽素、和红霉素;抗病毒剂、例如但不限于、金刚烷胺、金刚乙胺、阿昔洛韦和利巴韦林;免疫球蛋白;血浆;免疫增强药物、例如但不限于、左旋咪唑和异丙肌苷;生物药、例如但不限于、丙种球蛋白、转移因子、白介素和干扰素;激素、例如但不限于、胸腺药;和其他免疫药剂、例如但不限于、B细胞刺激因子(例如,BAFF/BlyS)、细胞因子(例如,IL-2、IL-4和IL-5)、生长因子(例如,TGF-y)、抗体(例如,抗-CD40和IgM)、含有未甲基化的CpG基序的寡聚核苷酸和疫苗(例如,病毒和肿瘤肽疫苗)。
其它第二活性剂的示例包括,但不限于:多巴胺激动剂或拮抗剂,例如但不限于,左旋多巴,L-DOPA,可卡因,α-甲基-酪氨酸,利血平,丁苯那嗪,苯扎托品,帕吉林,甲磺酸非诺多泮,卡麦角林,二盐酸普拉克索,罗匹尼罗,盐酸金刚烷胺,盐酸司来吉兰,卡比多巴,甲磺酸培高利特,Sinemet CR和Symmetrel;MAO抑制剂,例如但不限于,异烟酰异丙肼,氯吉兰,苯乙肼及异卡波肼;COMT抑制剂,例如但不限于,托卡朋和恩他卡朋;乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂,例如但不限于,水杨酸毒扁豆碱,硫酸毒扁豆碱,溴化毒扁豆碱,溴化新斯的明,甲基硫酸新斯的明,安贝氯铵,氯化腾喜龙,他克林,氯解磷定,双复磷,溴三甲肟双解磷,丁酮肟,endrophonium,吡斯的明和地美溴铵;抗炎药,包括但不限于,萘普生钠,双氯芬酸钠,双氯芬酸钾,塞来考昔,舒林酸,噁丙嗪,二氟尼柳,依托度酸,美洛昔康,布洛芬,酮洛芬,萘丁美酮,罗非考昔,甲氨蝶呤,来氟米特,柳氮磺吡啶,金盐,RHo-D免疫球蛋白,麦考酚酸吗乙酯,环孢菌素,硫唑嘌呤,他克莫司,巴利昔单抗,达克珠单抗,水杨酸,乙酰水杨酸,水杨酸甲酯,二氟尼柳,双水杨酯,奥沙拉秦,柳氮磺吡啶,对乙酰氨基酚,吲哚美辛,舒林酸,甲芬那酸,甲氯芬那酸钠,托美丁,酮咯酸,双氯酚酸,氟比洛芬,噁丙嗪,吡罗昔康,美洛昔康,安吡昔康,屈噁昔康,吡罗昔康,替诺昔康,苯基丁氮酮,羟基保泰松,安替比林,氨基比林,阿扎丙宗,齐留通,金硫葡糖,金硫丁二钠,金诺芬,甲氨蝶呤,秋水仙碱,别嘌呤醇,丙磺舒,磺吡酮和苯溴马隆或倍他米松及其它糖皮质激素;和止吐药,例如但不限于,甲氧氯普胺,多潘立酮,普鲁氯嗪,普鲁米近,氯丙嗪,曲美苄胺,昂丹司琼,格拉司琼,羟嗪,乙酰亮氨酸单乙醇胺,阿立比利,阿扎司琼,苯喹胺,氨醇醋茶碱,溴必利,布克力嗪,氯波必利,苯甲嗪,茶苯拉明,地芬尼多,多拉司琼,美克洛嗪,美沙拉妥,美托哌丙嗪,大麻隆,奥昔喷地,匹哌马嗪,东莨菪碱,舒必利,四氢大麻醇,硫乙拉嗪,硫丙拉嗪,托烷司琼及其混合物。
其它第二活性剂的示例包括,但不限于,免疫调节剂,免疫抑制剂,抗高血压药,抗惊厥药,纤维蛋白溶解剂,抗血小板剂,安定药,抗抑郁剂,苯二氮平,丁螺环酮,金刚烷胺和CNS损伤/损害和相关综合症患者中所用的其他已知或常规药剂。具体的示例包括,但不限于:类固醇(例如,糖皮质激素,例如但不限于,甲基强的松龙、地塞米松和倍他米松);抗炎剂,包括但不限于,萘普生钠、双氯芬酸钠、双氯芬酸钾、塞来考昔、舒林酸、噁丙嗪、二氟尼柳、依托度酸、美洛昔康、布洛芬、酮洛芬、萘丁美酮、罗非考昔、甲氨蝶呤、来氟米特、柳氮磺吡啶、金盐、RHo-D免疫球蛋白、麦考酚酸吗乙酯、环孢菌素、硫唑嘌呤、他克莫司、巴利昔单抗、达克珠单抗、水杨酸、乙酰水杨酸、水杨酸甲酯、二氟尼柳、双水杨酯、奥沙拉秦、柳氮磺吡啶、对乙酰氨基酚、吲哚美辛、舒林酸、甲芬那酸、甲氯芬那酸钠、托美丁、酮咯酸、双氯酚酸、氟比洛芬、噁丙嗪、吡罗昔康、美洛昔康、安吡昔康、屈噁昔康、吡罗昔康、替诺昔康、苯基丁氮酮、羟基保泰松、安替比林、氨基比林、阿扎丙宗、齐留通、金硫葡糖、金硫丁二钠、金诺芬、甲氨蝶呤、秋水仙碱、别嘌呤醇、丙磺舒、磺吡酮及苯溴马隆;cAMP类似物,包括但不限于,db-cAMP;包括哌醋甲酯药物的药剂,包括1-苏式哌醋甲酯、d-苏式哌醋甲酯、dl-苏式哌醋甲酯、1-赤式哌醋甲酯、d-赤式哌醋甲酯、dl-赤式哌醋甲酯和其混合物;和利尿剂,例如但不限于,甘露醇,利尿磺胺,甘油和脲。
其它第二活性剂的示例包括,但不限于,三环抗抑郁药、选择性5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂、抗癫痫药(加巴喷丁、普瑞巴林、卡马西平、奥卡西平、左乙拉西坦、托吡酯),抗心律失常药、钠通道阻断剂、选择性炎性介导抑制剂、阿片类药、第二免疫抑制化合物、组合药剂、以及其它用于睡眠治疗的已知或常规药物。特定的示例包括,但不限于:加巴喷丁、奥施康定、吗啡、托吡酯、阿米替林、去甲替林、酰胺咪嗪、左旋多巴、L-DOPA、可卡因、α-甲基-酪氨酸、利血平、丁苯那嗪、苯扎托品、帕吉林、甲磺酸非诺多泮、卡麦角林、二盐酸普拉克索、罗匹尼罗、盐酸金刚烷胺、盐酸司来吉兰、卡比多巴、甲磺酸培高利特、Sinemet CR、Symmetrel、异烟酰异丙肼、氯吉兰、苯乙肼、异卡波肼、托卡朋、恩他卡朋、水杨酸毒扁豆碱、硫酸毒扁豆碱、溴化毒扁豆碱、溴化新斯的明、甲基硫酸新斯的明、安贝氯铵、氯化腾喜龙、他克林、氯解磷定、双复磷、溴三甲肟双解磷、丁酮肟、endrophonium、吡斯的明、地美溴铵、萘普生钠、双氯芬酸钠、双氯芬酸钾、塞来考昔、舒林酸、噁丙嗪、二氟尼柳、依托度酸、美洛昔康、布洛芬、酮洛芬、萘丁美酮、罗非考昔、甲氨蝶呤、来氟米特、柳氮磺吡啶、金盐、RHo-D免疫球蛋白、麦考酚酸吗乙酯、环孢菌素、硫唑嘌呤、他克莫司、巴利昔单抗、达克珠单抗、水杨酸、乙酰水杨酸、水杨酸甲酯、二氟尼柳、双水杨酯、奥沙拉秦、柳氮磺吡啶、对乙酰氨基酚、吲哚美辛、舒林酸、甲芬那酸、甲氯芬那酸钠、托美丁、酮咯酸、双氯酚酸、氟比洛芬、噁丙嗪、吡罗昔康、美洛昔康、安吡昔康、屈噁昔康、吡罗昔康、替诺昔康、苯基丁氮酮、羟基保泰松、安替比林、氨基比林、阿扎丙宗、齐留通、金硫葡糖、金硫丁二钠、金诺芬、甲氨蝶呤、秋水仙碱、别嘌呤醇、丙磺舒、磺吡酮和苯溴马隆或倍他米松及其它糖皮质激素、甲氧氯普胺、多潘立酮、普鲁氯嗪、普鲁米近、氯丙嗪、曲美苄胺、昂丹司琼、格拉司琼、羟嗪、乙酰亮氨酸单乙醇胺、阿立比利、阿扎司琼、苯喹胺、氨醇醋茶碱、溴必利、布克力嗪、氯波必利、苯甲嗪、茶苯拉明、地芬尼多、多拉司琼、美克洛嗪、美沙拉妥、美托哌丙嗪、大麻隆、奥昔喷地、匹哌马嗪、东莨菪碱、舒必利、四氢大麻醇、硫乙拉嗪、硫丙拉嗪、托烷司琼及其混合物。
其它第二活性剂的示例包括,但不限于,白介素,如IL2(包括重组IL-II(“rIL2”)和金丝雀痘IL2)、IL-10、IL-12和IL-18;干扰素,如干扰素α-2a、干扰素α-2b、干扰素α-n1、干扰素α-n3、干扰素β-Ia和干扰素β-Ib;和G-CSF;羟基脲;丁酸酯或丁酸酯衍生物;一氧化二氮;HEMOXINTM(NIPRISANTM;参见美国专利5,800,819);Gardos通道拮抗剂,如克霉唑和三芳基甲烷衍生物;去铁胺;蛋白C;以及输血或血液替代品,如HemospanTM或HemospanTMPS(Sangart)。
杂芳基化合物和第二活性剂可通过相同或不同的给药途径同时或顺序向患者施用。对于特定活性剂的具体施用途径的适宜性将取决于活性剂本身(例如,它是否可以进行口服给药而不会在进入血液循环前或进入时分解)和待治疗的疾病。杂芳基化合物的一种优选施用途径为口服。本发明的第二活性剂或成分的优选给药途径为本领域技术人员所公知。例如,参见Physicians'Desk Reference,1755-1760(56th ed.,2002)。
在一个实施例中,所述第二活性剂以从约1至约1,000mg、从约5至约500mg、从约10至约350mg、或从从约50至约200mg的量每日一次或每日两次静脉或皮下施用。所述第二活性剂的具体量将取决于所用的特定药剂、待治疗或控制的疾病类型、疾病的严重性和阶段以及同时向患者施用的杂芳基化合物和任何选用的附加活性剂的量。
此处进一步提供了减少、治疗和/或预防与传统疗法(包括,但不限于,外科手术、化学疗法、放射疗法、激素疗法、生物疗法和免疫疗法)相关的副作用或有害作用。杂芳基化合物和其它活性成分可在与传统疗法相关的副作用产生之前、同时或之后施用。
药物组合物和施用途径
本发明提供了包含有效量的杂芳基化合物的组合物以及包含有效量杂芳基化合物和药学可接受的载体或溶媒的组合物。在一些实施方式中,此处所述的药物组合物适用于口服、肠胃外、粘膜、透皮或表面施用。
所述杂芳基化合物可以常规制剂形式(例如,胶囊、微胶囊、片剂、颗粒剂、散剂、锭剂、丸剂、栓剂、注射剂、混悬剂和糖浆剂)向患者口服或肠胃外施用。合适剂型可以通过常用方法制备,并使用常规的、有机或无机添加剂,例如赋形剂(例如,蔗糖、淀粉、甘露醇、山梨糖醇、乳糖、葡萄糖、纤维素、滑石粉、磷酸钙或碳酸钙),结合剂(例如,纤维素、甲基纤维素、羟甲基纤维素、聚丙基吡咯烷酮、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、明胶、阿拉伯树胶、聚乙二醇、蔗糖或淀粉),崩解剂(例如,淀粉、羧甲基纤维素、羟丙基淀粉、低取代的羟丙基纤维素、碳酸氢钠、磷酸钙或柠檬酸钙),润滑剂(例如,硬脂酸镁、轻质无水硅酸、滑石粉或月桂基硫酸钠),调味剂(例如,柠檬酸、薄荷醇、甘氨酸或橙粉),防腐剂(例如,苯甲酸钠、亚硫酸氢钠、对羟基苯甲酸甲酯或对羟基苯甲酸丙酯),稳定剂(例如,柠檬酸、柠檬酸钠或乙酸),悬浮剂(例如,甲基纤维素、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮或硬脂酸铝),分散剂(例如,羟丙甲基纤维素),稀释剂(例如,水)以及底蜡(例如,椰子油、白凡士林或聚乙二醇)。药物组合物中所述杂芳基化合物的有效量可以为产生所需效果的水平;例如,可同时用于口服和胃肠外施用的单位剂量中含有约0.005mg/kg患者体重至约10mg/kg患者体重。
向患者施用的杂芳基化合物的剂量可根据医疗从业人员的判断进行广泛变化。一般而言,所述杂芳基化合物可以约0.005mg/kg患者体重至约10mg/kg患者体重的剂量向患者每天施用一至四次,但以上的剂量可根据患者的年龄、体重和医学疾病以及施用的类型进行适当的改变。在一个实施方式中,所述剂量为约0.01mg/kg患者体重至约5mg/kg患者体重,约0.05mg/kg患者体重至约1mg/kg患者体重,约0.1mg/kg患者体重至约0.75mg/kg患者体重,或约0.25mg/kg患者体重至约0.5mg/kg患者体重。在一个实施方式中,每天给用一个剂量。在任意给定的情况下,所施用的所述杂芳基化合物的量将取决于如活性成分溶解度、所用的剂型和施用途径等因素。
在另一实施方式中,本发明提供了治疗或预防疾病或紊乱的方法,其包括向有此需要的患者施用约0.375mg/天至约750mg/天、约0.75mg/天至约375mg/天、约3.75mg/天至约75mg/天、约7.5mg/天至约55mg/天或约18mg/天至约37mg/天的所述杂芳基化合物。
在另一实施方式中,本发明提供了治疗或预防疾病或紊乱的方法,其包括向有此需要的患者施用约1mg/天至约1,200mg/天、约10mg/天至约1200mg/天、约100mg/天至约1200mg/天、约400mg/天至约1200mg/天、约600mg/天至约1200mg/天、约400mg/天至约800mg/天或约600mg/天至约800mg/天的所述杂芳基化合物。在具体的实施方式中,此处披露的方法包括向有此需要的患者施用400mg/天、600mg/天或800mg/天的所述杂芳基化合物。
在另一实施方式中,本发明提供了包含约1mg至2000mg、约1mg至200mg、约35mg至约1400mg、约125mg至约1000mg、约250mg至约1000mg或约500mg至约1000mg的所述杂芳基化合物的单位剂型。
在特定实施方式中,本发明提供了包含约100mg或400mg的所述杂芳基化合物的单位剂型。
在另一实施方式中,本发明提供了包含1mg、2.5mg、5mg、10mg、15mg、20mg、30mg、35mg、50mg、70mg、100mg、125mg、140mg、175mg、200mg、250mg、280mg、350mg、500mg、560mg、700mg、750mg、1000mg或1400mg所述杂芳基化合物的单位剂型。
杂芳基化合物可被施用每天一次、两次、三次、四次或更多次。
杂芳基化合物可为便利的原因进行口服施用。在一个实施方式中,在进行口服施用时,杂芳基化合物与食物和水一起施用。在另一实施方式中,所述杂芳基化合物被分散于水或果汁(例如,苹果汁或橙汁)中并作为悬浮液口服施用。在一个实施方式中,在进行口服施用时,杂芳基化合物在空腹状态下施用。
杂芳基化合物还可经皮内、肌肉内、腹膜内、经皮、静脉、皮下、鼻腔内、硬脑膜上、舌下、脑内、阴道内、透皮、直肠、粘膜、吸入施用,或者表面施用至耳、鼻、眼或皮肤。施用模式由保健医生判断,并可以部分地取决于医学疾病的部位。
在一个实施方式中,本发明提供了含有杂芳基化合物但没有额外的载体、赋形剂或溶媒的胶囊。
在另一个实施方式中,本发明提供了含有有效量的杂芳基化合物和药学可接受的载体或溶媒的组合物,其中药学可接受载体或溶媒可以包括赋形剂、稀释剂或其混合物。在一个实施方式中,该组合物为药物组合物。
所述组合物可以为片剂、咀嚼片剂、胶囊、溶液、肠胃外溶液、锭剂、栓剂和混悬剂等形式。组合物可被配制为在剂量单位中含有日剂量或者合适的部分日剂量,它可以为单独的片剂或胶囊剂或适当体积的液体。在一个实施方式中,可以用水溶性盐(例如盐酸盐)制备该溶液。一般而言,所有的组合物均根据药物化学中的已知方法制备。可以通过将杂芳基化合物与合适的载体或稀释剂混合,然后在胶囊中填装合适量的混合物来制备胶囊剂。常用载体和稀释剂包括,但不限于,惰性粉状物质,例如许多不同种类的淀粉,粉状纤维素(尤其是结晶和微晶纤维素),糖(例如,果糖、甘露醇和蔗糖),谷类粉以及类似的可食用粉末。
片剂可以通过直接压缩、通过湿制粒法或通过干制粒法制备。它们的制剂通常包含了稀释剂、结合剂、润滑剂和崩解剂以及该化合物。典型的稀释剂包括,例如,各种类型的淀粉,乳糖,甘露醇,高龄土,磷酸钙或硫酸钙,无机盐(例如氯化钠)和粉状糖。也可使用粉末状纤维素衍生物。在一个实施方式中,所述药物组合物是不含乳糖的。典型的片剂结合剂是诸如淀粉,明胶和糖(例如,乳糖、果糖、葡萄糖)等物质。也可用天然和合成的树胶,包括阿拉伯胶、藻酸盐、甲基纤维素、聚乙烯基吡咯烷等。聚乙二醇、乙基纤维素和蜡也可以用作结合剂。
润滑剂可能是片剂配制中所必须的,用于防止片剂和冲压机与冲模粘连。润滑剂可以选自光滑的固体,如滑石粉,硬脂酸镁,硬脂酸钙,硬脂酸和氢化的植物油。片剂崩解剂是在润湿后膨胀使片剂破碎并释放出化合物的物质。它们包括淀粉、粘土、纤维素、褐藻胶和树胶。更具体而言,可以使用诸如玉米淀粉、马铃薯淀粉、甲基纤维素、琼脂、膨润土、木纤维素、粉状天然海绵、阳离子交换树脂、藻酸、瓜尔胶、柑橘果肉和羧甲基纤维素以及月桂基硫酸钠。片剂可以用糖作为调味剂和密封剂包衣,或者用薄膜形成性保护剂包衣以改善片剂的溶解性。组合物还可以通过例如在制剂中使用诸如甘露醇等物质配制为咀嚼片剂。
当需要将杂芳基化合物作为栓剂施用时,可以使用典型的基质。椰子油是传统的栓剂基质,其可以通过加入蜡略微提高其熔点得到改良。广泛使用水混溶性栓剂基质,特别是包含了不同分子量的聚乙二醇的该种基质。
杂芳基化合物的作用可以通过适当的剂型延迟或延长。例如,可制备杂芳基化合物的缓慢溶解性小药丸并结合到片剂或胶囊中,或者制成缓慢释放的可植入装置。该技术还包括制备不同溶出速率的小药丸,并用小药丸的混合物填装胶囊。片剂或胶囊可以用能耐受可预知时间段的溶出作用的薄膜包衣。甚至胃肠外制剂也可通过将杂芳基化合物溶解或悬浮于可使其在血清中缓慢分散的油性或乳化溶媒中而制成长效制剂。
实施例
Chem-4D Draw(ChemInnovation Software,Inc.,San Diego,CA)或ChemDrawUltra(Cambridgesoft,Cambridge,MA)被用于生成化学结构的名称。
以下的缩写被用于说明书和实施例中:
AmPhos: 对二甲氨基苯基二叔丁基膦
Boc: 叔丁氧基羰基
dba: 二苯亚甲基丙酮
DMSO: 二甲亚砜
ESI: 电喷雾电离
HPLC: 高效液相色谱
mp: 熔点
MS: 质谱
NBS: N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺
NMR: 核磁共振
TFA: 三氟乙酸
TLC: 薄层层析
MTBE: 甲基叔丁醚
以下提供的实施例是为了进行阐述,而非进行限制。
合成实施例
实施例1:7-(2-氨基-4-甲基-1H-苯并[d]咪唑并-6-基)-1-((四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)甲基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮
A.2-(6-氯吡嗪-2-氨基)乙酸乙酯。向2,6-二氯吡嗪(50g,336mmol)和2-氨基乙酸乙酯(34.6g,336mmol)添加三乙胺(140mL,1007mmol)和乙腈(350mL)。将反应加热至80℃达3天。过滤去除沉淀的三乙胺盐,并用乙酸乙酯和己烷(1:1)洗涤多次。合并滤出液和洗涤溶剂并浓缩。过滤所得的黄白色沉淀物并用含于己烷的20%乙酸乙酯洗涤以提供米色固体。滤出液也经历相同的处理以提供额外批次的米色固体。将几个批次合并以提供标题化合物(35.5g,164mmol,49%产率)。MS(ESI)m/z 216.1[M+1]+。
B.2-(吡嗪-2-氨基)乙酸乙酯。将2-(6-氯吡嗪-2-氨基)乙酸乙酯(23.6g,109mmol)溶解于非变性化乙醇(250mL)中并添加碳酸钾(15.13g,109mmol)。将反应置于氮气下并添加氢氧化钯(3.84g,5.47mmol)。在氢气气氛下搅拌反应物18小时。添加额外的氢氧化钯(3.84g,5.47mmol),向反应施加额外的氢气,并搅拌过夜。将反应物经Celite过滤,减压去除溶剂,以提供标题化合物(15.13g,84mmol,76%产率)。MS(ESI)m/z 182.3[M+1]+。
C.2-(3,5-二溴吡嗪-2-氨基)乙酸乙酯。将2-(吡嗪-2-氨基)乙酸乙酯(7.6g,41.9mmol)溶解于二甲亚砜(80mL)和水(4.00mL)中,并冷却至0℃。在15分钟内缓慢添加N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺(18.66g,105mmol),使反应升温至室温,并搅拌48小时。添加额外的1.5当量N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺,并搅拌过夜。将反应混合物注入冰水(200mL),并以乙酸乙酯(150mL)萃取。缓慢用碳酸钠中和水层直至pH约7,并以乙酸乙酯(3×150mL)萃取。汇集有机层,用盐水洗涤,以硫酸镁干燥,过滤并减压浓缩。在含于己烷的25-33%乙酸乙酯中研磨残留物,并过滤所得的沉淀物以提供黄色固体。用Biotage硅胶层析(含于己烷的0-60%乙酸乙酯)纯化所得的褐色残留物以提供另一批米黄色固体。将两个批次合并以提供24g标题化合物(24g,71mmol,75%产率)。MS(ESI)m/z 338.1[M]+,340.1[M+2]+,342.1[M+4]+。
D.2-(5-溴-3-((四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)甲氨基)吡嗪-2-氨基)乙酸乙酯。在具有搅拌棒的微波小瓶中合并2-(3,5-二溴吡嗪-2-氨基)乙酸乙酯(2.00g,5.90mmol)、(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)甲胺(0.713g,6.19mmol)、N,N-二异丙基乙胺(3.08mL,17.70mmol)和二甲亚砜(4mL),并在Biotage Emrys Optimizer微波反应器中加热至达1小时。将所得的混合物转移至具有甲醇的圆底烧瓶中。减压去除甲醇和N,N-二异丙基乙胺,并通过Biotage快速层析(含于己烷的5-100%乙酸乙酯)纯化残留物。在分液漏斗中合并含所需产物的组分,并用水洗涤两次,用盐水洗涤一次。用硫酸镁干燥有机物,过滤并减压浓缩。在高真空和50℃下干燥残留物,以提供不纯的呈琥珀色蜡状固体的所需产物(1.578g),其不经进一步纯化被用于下一步骤。MS(ESI)m/z 373.4[M]+,375.4[M+2]+。
E.7-溴-1-((四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)甲基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮。将在密闭容器中的搅拌下的2-(5-溴-3-((四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)甲氨基)吡嗪-2-氨基)乙酸乙酯(1.474g,3.95mmol)的乙酸(13mL)溶液在油浴中120℃下加热2小时。减压去除乙酸。在乙酸乙酯和饱和重碳酸钠水溶液之间分配,震荡并分层。用乙酸乙酯萃取水层两次。用硫酸镁干燥合并的有机物,过滤并减压浓缩。将残留物投入二氯甲烷和己烷中,通过真空过滤收集所得的固体。用己烷洗涤固体并真空干燥得到成为紫色固体的所需产物(0.879g,2.688mmol,68%产率)。MS(ESI)m/z 327.1[M]+,329.0[M+2]+。
F.2-甲基-6-硝基-4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧硼戊环-2-基)苯胺。合并4-溴-2-甲基-6-硝基苯胺(5g,21.64mmol)、双(戊酰)二硼(5.50g,21.64mmol)、乙酸钾(6.37g,64.9mmol)和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(100mL)并真空脱气。添加乙酸钯(0.243g,1.082mmol)并再次对系统脱气。将反应加热至90℃达2小时。用水和二氯甲烷萃取反应物。用无水硫酸镁干燥有机层,过滤并浓缩。通过硅胶柱层析(含于己烷的0-30%乙酸)纯化残留物以提供黄色固体(5.3g,19.0mmol,88%产率)。MS(ESI)m/z 279.0[M+1]+。
G.3-甲基-5-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧硼戊环-2-基)苯-1,2-二胺。向含于甲醇(50mL)的2-甲基-6-硝基-4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧硼戊环-2-基)苯胺(5.3g,19.06mmol)吹氮气。添加铍钯碳(10wt%,50mg),在氢气球下搅拌反应混合物16小时。通过Celite过滤反应物,并用甲醇洗涤滤饼。浓缩滤出液,通过硅胶柱层析(含于己烷的0-100%乙酸乙酯)纯化所得的物质以提供深色的油。在含于己烷的10%醚中研磨油以提供棕褐色固体(4.2g,16.9mmol,89%产率)。MS(ESI)m/z 248.9[M+1]+。
H.7-(3,4-二氨基-5-甲基苯基)-1-((四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)甲基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮。在具有搅拌棒的可密封容器内合并3-甲基-5-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧硼戊环-2-基)苯-1,2-二胺(0.523g,2.109mmol)、7-溴-1-((四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)甲基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮(0.600g,1.834mmol)、[1,1'-双(联苯基膦基)-二茂铁]二氯钯(II)与二氯甲烷(1:1)的络合物(0.150g,0.183mmol)、碳酸钠(1M含于水中,5.50mmol)、1,4-二噁烷(4.1mL)和异丙醇(1.4mL)。向该系统吹氮气。密封所得的混合物,剧烈搅拌并加热至100℃达3.5小时。在含于二氯甲烷的20%甲醇中稀释所得的混合物,减压去除所有的挥发物。将残留物投入含于二氯甲烷的20%甲醇中,用硅胶减压浓缩。用快速层析(含于二氯甲烷的1-10%甲醇)纯化残留物以提供成为褐色固体的所需产物(0.669g,1.818mmol,99%产率)。MS(ESI)m/z369.1[M+1]+。
I.7-(2-氨基-4-甲基-1H-苯并[d]咪唑并-6-基)-1-((四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)甲基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮。将含于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(0.5mL)的溴化氰(0.059g,0.556mmol)添加至0℃搅拌下的7-(3,4-二氨基-5-甲基苯基)-1-((四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)甲基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮(0.195g,0.529mmol)的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(3mL)溶液中。盖上所得的深褐色混合物,并在室温下搅拌16小时。用甲醇稀释所得的混合物,过滤并通过反相制备HPLC(5-50%乙腈+含于水的0.1%TFA+0.1%TFA,历时30分钟)纯化。合并含所需产物的组分,并减压去除大部分溶剂。将残留物加载至来自Phenomenex的Strata X-C离子交换柱。依次用水、乙腈、甲醇和含于甲醇的5%氢氧化铵洗柱。用含于甲醇的5%氢氧化铵洗脱液洗脱产物,减压浓缩,并在50℃下真空干燥以提供成为橙色固体的所需产物(0.130g,0.331mmol,62%产率)。1H NMR(400MHz,D2O and DMSO-d6)δ(ppm)8.13(s,1H),7.56(s,1H),7.36(s,1H),4.18(s,2H),4.03(d,J=6.64Hz,2H),3.84-3.90(m,2H),3.24(t,J=11.32Hz,2H),2.40(s,3H),2.04-2.19(m,1H),1.59(d,J=12.10Hz,2H),1.25-1.41(m,2H);MS(ESI)m/z 394.2[M+1]+。
实施例2:3,3-二甲基-6-(2-甲基-4-(4H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)苯基)-4-(2-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)乙基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮
A.3-(4-溴-3-甲基苯基)-4H-1,2,4-三唑。将4-溴-3-甲基苯基氰(10.0g,51.0mmol)搅拌溶解于乙醇(200mL),并在氮气下冷却至0℃。向反应混合物鼓入氯化氢气体20分钟。对所得的反应混合物加盖,搅拌的同时缓慢升温至室温达5.5小时。减压去除溶剂,真空干燥残留物得到13.86g米色固体。在密封的管子中合并该米色固体、甲酸酰肼(4.48g,74.6mmol)、三乙胺(28.0mL,199mmol)和乙醇(90mL)并在搅拌下加热至90℃达6.5小时。减压去除所有的溶剂,并将所得的残留物在乙酸乙酯和水之间分配。分离层,用盐水洗涤有机物,以硫酸镁干燥,过滤并减压浓缩。将残留物溶解于热乙酸乙酯(13mL),加盖并室温静置过夜。倾倒出溶剂以剩余烧瓶底部的固体。用乙酸乙酯和二乙醚洗涤固体并在45℃下真空干燥得到成为浅黄色固体的所需产物(7.47g,31.4mmol,63%产率)。MS(ESI)m/z 238.2[M]+,240.3[M+2]+。
B.3-(4-溴-3-甲基苯基)-4-(四氢-2H-吡喃-2-基)-4H-1,2,4-三唑。将3-(4-溴-3-甲基苯基)-4H-1,2,4-三唑(2.00g,8.40mmol)在室温搅拌下氮气中溶解于四氢呋喃(10mL)。添加3,4-二氢-2H-吡喃(3.80mL,42.0mmol)和甲磺酸(0.027mL,0.42mmol),将所得的混合物在50℃下回流冷凝器和氮气下加热20小时。将所得的混合物冷却至室温,用乙酸乙酯稀释并用饱和的重碳酸钠水溶液和盐水洗涤。用硫酸镁干燥有机物,过滤并减压浓缩。快速层析(含于己烷的10-30-50%乙酸乙酯)得到成为黄色油的所需产物(2.64g,8.22mmol,98%产率)。MS(ESI)m/z 322[M]+,324[M+2]+。
C.3-(3-甲基-4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧硼戊环-2-基)苯基)-4-(四氢-2H-吡喃-2-基)-4H-1,2,4-三唑。在圆底烧瓶中合并3-(4-溴-3-甲基苯基)-4-(四氢-2H-吡喃-2-基)-4H-1,2,4-三唑(2.294g,7.12mmol)、双(戊酰)二硼(1.898g,7.48mmol)、[1,1'-双(联苯基膦基)-二茂铁]二氯钯(II)与二氯甲烷(1:1)的络合物(291mg,0.36mmol)、乙酸钾(2.096g,21.4mmol)和二甲亚砜(15mL)并搅拌。真空去除烧瓶中的气体并用氮气替换三次。将所得的混合物在氮气下加热至90℃达4小时。用乙酸乙酯稀释所得的混合物并通过Celite过滤。用乙酸乙酯彻底洗涤滤饼。用水洗涤该滤出液两次,用盐水洗涤一次,用硫酸镁干燥,过滤并减压浓缩。快速层析(含于己烷的30-50%乙酸乙酯)以得到蜡状半固体,将其在45℃下用己烷研磨。真空干燥所得的固体以得到成为粉色固体的所需产物(2.10g,5.69mmol,80%产率)。MS(ESI)m/z 370[M+1]+。
D.1-(3,5-二溴吡嗪-2-氨基)-2-甲基-1-氧丙烷-2-基氨基甲酸叔丁酯。在室温下添加1,1'-羰基二咪唑(2.63g,16.24mmol)至搅拌中的含于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(4mL)和二氯甲烷(8mL)的2-(叔丁氧基羰基氨基)-2-甲基丙酸(3.00g,14.76mmol)溶液。在室温和氮气下将所得的澄清无色混合物搅拌3小时。依次添加N,N-二异丙基乙胺(3.86mL,22.14mmol)和3,5-二溴吡嗪-2-胺(5.60g,22.14mmol)。将所得的混合物在50℃下在回流冷凝器和氮气下加热71小时。减压去除二氯甲烷。用乙酸乙酯稀释残留物,并用水洗涤。用乙酸乙酯萃取水层。用盐水洗涤合并的有机物,用硫酸镁干燥干燥,过滤并减压浓缩。用含于己烷的30%乙酸乙酯研磨残留物,通过真空过滤采集固体。减压浓缩滤出液,通过快速层析(含于己烷的5-50%乙酸乙酯)纯化。将含所需产物的组分与过滤所得的固体合并,减压浓缩。高真空干燥所得的残留物以得到成为米色固体的所需产物(2.38g,5.43mmol,37%产率)。MS(ESI)m/z439.3[M+1]+,461.1[M+Na]+。
E.N-(3,5-二溴吡嗪-2-基)-2-甲基-2-(2-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)乙氨基)丙烷酰胺三氟乙酸酯。将TFA(3.66mL,47.5mmol)添加至搅拌下的1-(3,5-二溴吡嗪-2-氨基)-2-甲基-1-氧丙烷-2-基氨基甲酸叔丁酯(1.04g,2.374mmol)在二氯甲烷(20mL)中的混合物。将所得的澄清黄色溶液室温搅拌3小时。减压去除所有的挥发物,在高真空下干燥残留物得到黄色的半固体。MS(ESI)m/z339.1[M+1]+。依次添加硫酸钠(1.686g,11.87mmol)、2-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)乙醛(0.396g,3.09mmol)和1,2-二氯乙烷(20mL)。剧烈搅拌所的混合物,并在80℃下在回流冷凝器和氮气下加热2.5小时。添加更多的2-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)乙醛(0.100g,0.780mmol)和硫酸钠(1.00g,7.04mmol),并在80℃下继续加热2小时。通过移液管从硫酸钠固体取出所得的黄色溶液至干燥的配有搅拌棒的250mL圆底烧瓶。剧烈搅拌所得的混合物并在氮气下冷却至0℃。缓慢添加三乙酰硼氢化钠(0.553g,2.61mmol)。在0℃和氮气下剧烈搅拌所得的混合物30分钟。去除冷浴,在室温和氮气下搅拌所得的混合物2小时。将所的混合物冷却至0℃,并添加更多的三乙酰硼氢化钠(0.250g,1.180mmol)。移除冷浴,并在室温和氮气下搅拌所的混合物1.5小时。添加更多的三乙酰硼氢化钠(0.055g,0.260mmol)。在室温和氮气下剧烈搅拌所的混合物1小时,然后在0℃下搅拌过夜。用甲醇稀释所得的混合物,并减压去除挥发物。将残留物投入甲醇,过滤并用反相制备HPLC(10-40%乙腈+含于水的0.1%TFA+0.1%TFA,历时30min)纯化。合并含所需产物的组分,并减压去除溶剂。真空干燥该残留物以得到成为浅黄色泡沫固体的所需产物(0.890g,1.978mmol,67%产率)。MS(ESI)m/z 451.3[M+1]+。
F.6-溴-3,3-二甲基-4-(2-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)乙基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮。在具有搅拌棒的可密封容器中合并N-(3,5-二溴吡嗪-2-基)-2-甲基-2-(2-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)乙氨基)丙酰胺三氟乙酸酯(0.856g,1.517mmol)、N,N-二异丙基乙胺(1.321mL,7.59mmol)和1,4-二噁烷(25mL)。向系统吹氮气,密封所的混合物,剧烈搅拌并在110℃下加热2.5小时。减压浓缩反应混合物并采用快速层析(含于己烷的5-50%乙酸乙酯)纯化以得到成为白色固体的所需产物(0.394g,1.068mmol,70%产率)。MS(ESI)m/z369.4[M]+,371.3[M+2]+。
G.3,3-二甲基-6-(2-甲基-4-(4-(四氢-2H-吡喃-2-基)-4H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)苯基)-4-(2-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)乙基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮。合并3-(3-甲基-4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧硼戊环-2-基)苯基)-4-(四氢-2H-吡喃-2-基)-4H-1,2,4-三唑(1当量)、6-溴-3,3-二甲基-4-(2-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)乙基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮(1当量)、[1,1'-双(联苯基膦基)-二茂铁]二氯钯(II)与二氯甲烷(1:1)的络合物(0.1当量)、含于水的1M碳酸钠(3当量)、1,4-二噁烷和异丙醇,并用氮气吹洗该系统。剧烈搅拌所的混合物并在100℃下加热1.5小时。将所的混合物冷却至室温,用甲醇稀释并减压去除挥发物。在二氯甲烷和水之间分配残留物,震荡并分层。用二氯甲烷萃取水层。用硫酸镁干燥合并的有机物,过滤并减压浓缩。用快速层析(先用含于己烷的20-100%乙酸乙酯,然后用含于二氯甲烷的0-10%甲醇)纯化残留物以97%产率提供所需产物。MS(ESI)m/z 532.7[M+1]+。
H.3,3-二甲基-6-(2-甲基-4-(4H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)苯基)-4-(2-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)乙基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮。在80℃下将含于水的6N盐酸添加至搅拌中的3,3-二甲基-6-(2-甲基-4-(4-(四氢-2H-吡喃-2-基)-4H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)苯基)-4-(2-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)乙基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮在乙醇中的混合物中。剧烈搅拌所的混合物,在80℃下在回流冷凝器和氮气下加热70分钟。过滤所的混合物并用反相制备HPLC(10-65%乙腈+含于水的0.1%TFA+0.1%TFA,历时30min)纯化。合并含所需产物的组分,用饱和重碳酸钠水溶液中和,并减压去除乙腈。通过真空过滤去除固体,用水和二乙醚充分洗涤,在高真空和50℃下干燥,以48%产率提供所需产物。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ(ppm)11.32(br.s.,1H),8.44(br.s.,1H),7.96(s,1H),7.90(d,J=8.59Hz,1H),7.70(s,1H),7.56(d,J=7.81Hz,1H),3.78(dd,J=2.93,11.13Hz,2H),3.52-3.64(m,2H),3.23(t,J=10.93Hz,2H),2.48(s,3H),1.51-1.66(m,5H),1.49(s,6H),1.11-1.26(m,2H);MS(ESI)m/z448.3[M+1]+。
实施例3:7-(2-甲基-4-(4H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)苯基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮盐酸化物
A.2-(5-溴-3-(2,4-二甲氧基苄氨基)吡嗪-2-氨基)乙酸乙酯。在具有搅拌棒的微波小瓶中合并2-(3,5-二溴吡嗪-2-氨基)乙酸乙酯(参见实施例1.C)(1.06g,3.13mmol)、(2,4-二甲氧基苯基)甲胺(0.601g,3.60mmol)、N,N-二异丙基乙胺(1.63mL,9.38mmol)和二甲亚砜(1.6mL),并在微波反应器中150℃下加热2小时。用快速层析(含于己烷5-60%乙酸乙酯)纯化所得的混合物。合并含所需产物的组分,并减压至接近干燥。添加乙酸乙酯(2mL)和己烷(18mL)。真空过滤收集所得的固体,用己烷洗涤并真空干燥得到成为浅粉色固体的所需产物(0.636g,1.495mmol,48%产率)。1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6)δ(ppm)7.24(s,1H),7.19(d,J=8.52Hz,1H),7.11(t,J=5.63Hz,1H),6.84(t,J=4.81Hz,1H),6.59(d,J=2.47Hz,1H),6.50(dd,J=2.20,8.24Hz,1H),4.37(d,J=4.67Hz,2H),3.96-4.15(m,4H),3.81(s,3H),3.75(s,3H),1.17(t,3H);MS(ESI)m/z 425.3[M]+,426.9[M+2]+。
B.7-溴-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮三氟乙酸酯。在具有搅拌棒的可密封容器中合并2-(5-溴-3-(2,4-二甲氧基苄氨基)吡嗪-2-氨基)乙酸乙酯(0.484g,1.138mmol)、甲醇(0.461mL,11.38mmol)和TFA(7mL)。向该系统吹氮气。密封所得的混合物,剧烈搅拌并在油浴中75℃下加热25分钟。用水(14mL)稀释所得的混合物,并在室温下搅拌5分钟。真空过滤收集固体,用水和二乙醚洗涤,并真空干燥得到成为粉色固体的所需产物(0.375g,1.093mmol,96%产率)。MS(ESI)m/z 229.0[M]+,231.3[M+2]+。
C.7-(2-甲基-4-(4-(四氢-2H-吡喃-2-基)-4H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)苯基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮。可具有搅拌棒的可密封容器中合并3-(3-甲基-4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧硼戊环-2-基)苯基)-4-(四氢-2H-吡喃-2-基)-4H-1,2,4-三唑(参见实施例2.C)(0.465g,1.259mmol)、7-溴-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮三氟乙酸酯(0.432g,1.259mmol)、[1,1'-双(联苯基膦基)-二茂铁]二氯钯(II)与二氯甲烷的络合物(1:1)(0.103g,0.126mmol)、碳酸钠(1M,含于水中,3.78mL,3.78mmol)、1,4-二噁烷(2.5mL)和异丙醇(1mL)。向该系统吹氮气。密封所得的混合物,剧烈搅拌并在100℃下加热70分钟。用水和二氯甲烷稀释所得的混合物,并通过抽气漏斗过滤。用含于二氯甲烷的20%甲醇洗涤该固体。合并滤出液和洗液,减压去除溶剂。用乙腈研磨残留物。添加水。通过真空过滤收集固体,并用水和二乙醚充分洗涤。用含于二氯甲烷的20%甲醇洗涤该固体。合并滤出液和洗液,减压去除溶剂。将残留物投入热DMSO和甲醇,过滤并用反相制备HPLC(20-65%乙腈+含于水的0.1%TFA+0.1%TFA,历时30min)纯化。合并含所需产物的组分,用饱和重碳酸钠水溶液中和,并减压浓缩至接近干燥。真空过滤收集固体,用水洗涤并真空干燥得到成为米色固体的所需产物(0.072g,0.184mmol,15%产率)。MS(ESI)m/z 392.1[M+1]+。
D.7-(2-甲基-4-(4H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)苯基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮盐酸化物。将盐酸(6N,含于水中,0.149mL,0.894mmol)添加至80℃下搅拌中的7-(2-甲基-4-(4-(四氢-2H-吡喃-2-基)-4H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)苯基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮(0.070g,0.179mmol)在乙醇(3mL)中的混合物。向该系统吹氮气。密封所得的混合物并在80℃下加热。将所得的混合物在80℃下加热25分钟,然后冷却至室温。过滤收集固体,用甲醇洗涤并在40℃下高真空干燥得到成为白色固体的所需产物(0.058g,0.169mmol,94%产率)。1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6)δ(ppm)11.32(s,1H),8.66(s,1H),7.97(s,1H),7.92(dd,J=1.37,7.97Hz,1H),7.74(s,1H),7.50(d,J=7.97Hz,1H),4.14(s,2H),2.44(s,3H);MS(ESI)m/z 308.3[M+1]+。
实施例4:6-(4-(2-羟基丙烷-2-基)苯基)-4-(2-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)乙基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮
A.2-溴-N-(3,5-二溴吡嗪-2-基)乙酰胺。在70℃下搅拌2-氨基-3,5-二溴吡嗪(6.17g,23.7mmol)和溴乙酸酐(3.0g,11.9mmol)在乙腈(40mL)中的溶液。完全消耗起始原料(通过TLC监测)时,浓缩并在水和乙酸乙酯(3×)之间分配。合并有机层,用硫酸镁干燥,过滤并减压去除溶剂。用Biotage柱层析(含于己烷的5-80%乙酸乙酯)纯化所得的材料以提供该标题化合物(3.78g,10.1mmol,85%产率)。MS(ESI)m/z 372.1[M-2]+,374.0[M]+,376.1[M+2]+,378.3[M+4]+。
B.6-溴-4-(2-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)乙基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮。合并2-溴-N-(3,5-二溴吡嗪-2-基)乙酰胺(3.30g,8.83mmol)和2-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)乙胺盐酸化物(1.46,8.83mmol)和二异丙基乙胺(6.67mL,35.3mmol)并在下加热。完全消耗起始原料(通过TLC监测)时,浓缩反应溶液并通过Biotage层析(含于己烷的0-100%乙酸乙酯)纯化提供该标题化合物(1.53g,4.48mmol,50%产率)。MS(ESI)m/z 341.4[M]+,343.1[M+2]+。
C.2-(4-溴苯基)丙烷-2-醇。将1-(4-溴苯基)乙酮(9.25g,46.5mmol)溶解于四氢呋喃(200mL)。在-50℃浴中冷却溶液。历时15分钟添加甲基溴化镁(3M,含于醚中,46.5mL,139mmol)。将反应升温至室温,然后搅拌20小时。用饱和氯化铵淬灭反应,然后用乙酸乙酯萃取。用硫酸镁干燥有机层,过滤并浓缩得到油。在硅胶柱(含于己烷的0-20%乙酸乙酯)上纯化油以得到成为无色油的产物(9.1g,46.2mmol,91%产率)。MS(ESI)m/z 197.1[M]+,199.1[M+2]+。
D.2-(4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧硼戊环-2-基)苯基)丙烷-2-醇。搅拌2-(4-溴苯基)丙烷-2-醇(4.7g,21.85mmol)、双(戊酰)二硼(6.66g,26.2mmol)、乙酸钾(6.43g,65.6mmol)和二甲亚砜(50mL),在真空下脱气10分钟。添加[1,1'-双(联苯基-膦基)二茂铁]二氯-钯(II)与二氯甲烷的络合物(1:1)(0.892g,1.093mmol),并再将该反应物脱气5分钟。然后将反应物在氮气下加热至80℃达2小时。将反应冷却至室温,然后用1:1的醚:乙酸乙酯和水萃取。用celite垫过滤所得的黑色乳状液,并将滤出液与萃取层合并。用硫酸镁干燥有机层,过滤后在硅胶柱(含于己烷的0-25%乙酸乙酯)上纯化。浓缩产物组分,然后在己烷中研磨得到白色固体(4.0g,15.3mmol,70%产率)。MS(ESI)m/z 263.3[M+1]+。
E.6-(4-(2-羟基丙烷-2-基)苯基)-4-(2-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)乙基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮。在二甲基甲酰胺(1.0mL)中合并6-溴-4-(2-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)乙基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮(0.250g,0.733mmol)、2-(4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧硼戊环-2-基)苯基)丙烷-2-醇(0.192g,0.733mmol)和二氯[1,1'-双(联苯基膦基)二茂铁]钯(II)二氯甲烷(0.030g,0.037mmol)。添加含于水(0.2mL)的碳酸钠(0.311g,2.93mmol),然后在Biotage Emrys Optimizer微波反应器中120℃下加热该反应溶液15分钟。通过Celite过滤该冷却的反应溶液,用乙酸乙酯洗涤滤饼。合并滤出液和乙酸乙酯洗液,并减压去除溶剂。采用Biotage柱层析(含于乙酸乙酯的0-5%甲醇)纯化所得的材料,然后用二甲基甲酰胺和水研磨以提供标题化合物(0.074g,0.19mmol,25%)。1HNMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ(ppm)12.24(s,1H),7.98(s,1H),7.89(d,J=8.39Hz,2H),7.53(d,J=8.39Hz,1H),5.04(s,1H),4.16(s,1H),3.82(dd,J=11.1,2.39Hz,2H),3.61(t,J=7.59Hz,2H),3.25(t,J=9.59Hz,3H),1.70(s,1H),1.66(s,1H),1.58(m,3H),1.44(s,6H),1.25(m,2H);MS(ESI)m/z 397.2[M+1]+;mp 210-212℃。
实施例5:6-(6-(2-羟基丙烷-2-基)吡啶-3-基)-4-(2-吗啉代乙基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮
A.2-氯-N-(3,5-二溴吡嗪-2-基)乙酰胺。将2-氨基-3,5-二溴吡嗪(3.0g,11.9mmol)和氯乙酸酐(4.2g,8.7mmol)的溶液在70℃下乙腈(10mL)中反应16小时。浓缩该溶液并以乙酸乙酯稀释。用重碳酸钠(饱和)和碳酸钾(1.75M,含于水中)的1:1溶液洗涤有机物(4X)。合并有机物,用硫酸镁干燥,过滤并减压除去溶剂。用含于己烷的10%乙酸乙酯研磨所得固体以提供标题化合物(3.12g,9.3mmol,72%产率)。MS(ESI)m/z 328.3[M-1]+,330.4[M+1]+,332.3[M+3]+。
B.N-(3,5-二溴吡嗪-2-基)-2-碘代乙酰胺。向2-氯-N-(3,5-二溴吡嗪-2-基)乙酰胺(3.0g,9.11mmol)在丙酮(40mL)中的溶液添加溶解于丙酮(20mL)的碘化钠(13.65g,91mmol)。将溶液在环境温度下搅拌16小时。减压浓缩溶液,以乙酸乙酯(500mL)稀释,并用水洗涤(5×)除去蓝色。用硫酸镁干燥有机物,过滤并减压去除溶剂以提供粗产物。用含于己烷(40mL)的10%乙酸乙酯稀释该固体,超声并同时刮烧瓶侧壁。用加热枪加热溶液5分钟,然后在冷却的同时室温超声。过滤所得的固体并用额外的己烷洗涤,真空干燥提供标题化合物(3.0g,7.13mmol,78%产率)。MS(ESI)m/z 420.3[M-1]+,422.0[M+1]+,424.0[M+3]+。
C.6-溴-4-(2-吗啉代乙基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮。在乙腈(5mL)中合并N-(3,5-二溴吡嗪-2-基)-2-碘代乙酰胺(0.5g,1.188mmol)、二异丙基乙胺(0.415mL,2.376mmol)和2-吗啉代乙胺(0.162g,1.248mmol)。将溶液加热至45℃达1小时。浓缩溶液并用含于己烷的75%乙酸乙酯稀释。过滤所的固体,收集滤出液并浓缩,然后通过Biotage层析(含于己烷的0-75%乙酸乙酯,然后用含于乙酸乙酯的10%甲醇)纯化以提供标题化合物(0.228g,0.67mmol,56%产率)。MS(ESI)m/z 342.4[M]+,344.4[M+2]+。
D.2-(5-溴吡啶-2-基)丙烷-2-醇。在100mL圆底烧瓶中将2,5-二溴吡啶(1.04g,4.39mmol)溶解于甲苯(22mL)。将混合物冷却至-78℃。逐滴添加正丁基锂(3.02mL,4.83mmol)。将混合物搅拌30分钟,然后添加丙酮(2mL)。将混合物搅拌40分钟,然后升温至室温。用氯化铵(5%aq,50mL)、水(50mL)和盐水(50mL)洗涤混合物。用硫酸钠干燥有机层,过滤并浓缩。以Biotage(含于己烷的16%乙酸乙酯)纯化残留物。浓缩所需的组分提供产物(0.82g,3.78mmol,86%产率)。MS(ESI)m/z 216.0[M]+,218.1[M+2]+。
E.2-(5-(三甲基甲锡烷基)吡啶-2-基)丙烷-2-醇。在50mL可密封烧瓶内甲苯(5mL)中合并2-(5-溴吡啶-2-基)丙烷-2-醇(0.34g,1.574mmol)、1,1,1,2,2,2-六甲基二锡烷(0.361mL,1.652mmol)和四(三苯基膦)钯(0)(0.182g,0.157mmol)。将反应在115℃下搅拌1.5小时。然后将混合物浓缩至约2mL体积。以Biotage(含于己烷的16%乙酸乙酯)纯化残留物。浓缩所需的组分提供标题化合物(0.33g,1.10mmol,70%产率)。MS(ESI)m/z 302.1[M+1]+。
F.6-(6-(2-羟基丙烷-2-基)吡啶-3-基)-4-(2-吗啉代乙基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮。在二甲基甲酰胺(3mL)中合并6-溴-4-(2-吗啉代乙基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮(0.228g,0.666mmol)和2-(5-(三甲基甲锡烷基)吡啶-2-基)丙烷-2-醇(0.220g,0.733mmol)。向溶液吹氮气,然后添加二氯[1,1'-双(联苯基膦基)二茂铁]钯(II)二氯甲烷(0.109g,0.133mmol)。将溶液加热至100℃达2小时。减压浓缩溶液,通过反相制备HPLC(5-60%乙腈+含于H2O的0.1%TFA+0.1%TFA,历时30min)纯化所得的油,并将所需的组分加载至Strata-XC离子交换柱。依次用水、乙腈、甲醇和含于甲醇的5%氢氧化铵洗柱。用含于甲醇的5%氢氧化铵洗脱产物,减压浓缩并干燥提供标题产物(0.070g,0.18mmol,26%产率)。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ(ppm)11.33(br.s.,1H),9.05(d,J=1.56Hz,1H),8.27(dd,J=8.59,2.34Hz,1H),8.06(s,1H),7.72(d,J=8.59Hz,1H),5.27(s,1H),4.29(s,2H),3.71(t,J=6.44Hz,2H),3.54(t,J=4.49Hz,4H),2.62(t,J=6.44Hz,2H),2.40-2.48(m,4H),1.46(s,6H);MS(ESI)m/z 399.2[M+1]+;mp 239-241℃。
实施例6:1-(((反式)-4-甲氧基环己基)甲基)-7-(4-甲基-6-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)吡啶-3-基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮。
A.5-溴-4-甲基氰基吡啶。在密封的反应却容器中合并2,5-二溴-4-甲基吡啶(5.0g,19.9mmol)、氰化铜(1.43g,15.9mmol)、氰化钠(0.801g,16.3mmol)和二甲基甲酰胺(30mL)并在下加热3小时。通过硅胶柱层析(含于己烷的0-80%乙酸乙酯)纯化反应混合物。将所得的材料第二次上硅胶柱(含于二氯甲烷的0-20%甲醇)。合并澄清的组分,浓缩提供成为白色固体的标题化合物(2.30g,11.6mmol,58%产率)。MS(ESI)m/z 198.0[M+1]+。
B.2-(3,5-二溴吡嗪-2-氨基)乙酸乙酯。在2000mL三口圆底烧瓶中装入含于二甲基甲酰胺(860mL)的2-氨基-3,5-二溴吡嗪(172g,680mmol),并冷却至0-5℃。一次添加碳酸铯(288g,884mmol),然后分批添加氯乙酸乙酯(87mL,816mmol)。使溶液升温至20-25℃,然后加热至55℃(观察到放热,观察到的最高温度为76℃)。一旦内部反应温度下降至65℃,将反应在下加热约4小时。将反应冷却至20-25℃,通过滤纸过滤以去除有机盐,然后用二甲基甲酰胺(3vol)洗涤固体。将滤出液逐滴添加至16vol的冰水(8vol冰/8vol水)中,搅拌浆液12-24小时。分离所得的棕色固体,然后过滤和水(10vol)洗并空气干燥。将粗产物溶解于甲基叔丁基醚(3.46L,15vol)。添加碳(来自Ecosorb的C-906,20wt%,46.1g),并将混合物加热回流1小时。冷却至室温后,用Celite床去除碳,将滤出液浓缩至干燥。将粗品溶解于乙酸乙酯(576mL,2.5vol),并浓缩至稠浆液。添加含于庚烷的2%乙酸乙酯溶液(1.15L,5vol),并将混合物在室温下搅拌30-60分钟。过滤收集产物,用庚烷(2-3vol)洗涤并在35-40℃下真空干燥16小时以提供成为米色固体(109g,47%产率)的所需化合物。按如下方式从母液中分离第二批:将滤出液浓缩得到粗制油。添加乙酸乙酯(1vol.)。用之前分离的产物在所得的溶液中接种,在0-5℃下冷却1小时。过滤收集所得的固体,并用冷的乙酸乙酯:庚烷(1:1混合物,<1vol)洗涤。按照前述干燥固体,与第一批合并提供标题化合物(132g,57%总产率)。MS(ESI)m/z 337.8[M-1]+,339.8[M+1]+,341.8[M+3]+。
C.7-溴-1-(((反式)-4-甲氧基环己基)甲基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮。将含于无水二甲亚砜(8.0mL)的2-(3,5-二溴吡嗪-2-氨基)乙酸乙酯(500mg,1.47mmol)、((反式)-4-甲氧基环己基)甲胺(317mg,2.21mmol)和二异丙基乙胺(0.77mL,4.42mmol)的溶液置于微波容器(20mL)内。将反应加热至150℃达1小时。将反应物注入水中,用乙酸乙酯(2x100mL)萃取,用硫酸钠干燥,过滤并减压浓缩。将所得的材料溶解于乙酸(30mL)中,并置于密封管内。将反应加热至120℃过夜。冷却该溶液,减压浓缩,用饱和重碳酸钠中和,用乙酸乙酯(3x100mL)萃取,用硫酸钠干燥,过滤并吸附在硅胶上。通过快速层析(含于的50%乙酸乙酯)纯化得到浅橙色固体(400mg,1.12mmol,76%产率)。MS(ESI)m/z355.2[M+]+,357.2{M+2]+。
D.1-(((反式)-4-甲氧基环己基)甲基)-7-(三甲基甲锡烷基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮。在装有无水二噁烷(40mL)的密封管内合并7-溴-1-(((反式)-4-甲氧基环己基)甲基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮(2.71g,7.63mmol)、1,1,1,2,2,2-六甲基二锡烷(3.00g,9.15mmol)和四(三苯基膦)钯(0)(882mg,0.76mmol)并吹氮气。将反应加热至100℃达4小时。用乙酸乙酯稀释反应物,通过celite过滤,用乙酸乙酯洗涤celite并减压浓缩滤出液。通过快速层析(含于己烷的0-50%乙酸乙酯)纯化粗产物,合并所需组分并浓缩得到浅黄色固体(2.32g,5.28mmol,69%产率)。MS(ESI)m/z 441.1[M+1]+。
E.5-(8-(((反式)-4-甲氧基环己基)甲基)-7-氧-5,6,7,8-四氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2-基)-4-甲基氰基吡啶。在密封反应容器内合并1-(((反式)-4-甲氧基环己基)甲基)-7-(三甲基甲锡烷基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮(0.721g,1.64mmol)、5-溴-4-甲基氰基吡啶(0.323g,1.64mmol)、三(二苯亚甲基丙酮)二钯(0)(0.150g,0.164mmol)、三乙胺(0.687mL,4.93mmol)、三-正-甲苯基膦(0.100g,0.328mmol)和二甲基甲酰胺(8mL)。向反应物鼓入氮气5分钟,并将反应物在100℃下加热3小时。过滤反应物,浓缩并通过硅胶柱层析(含于己烷的0-80%乙酸乙酯)纯化。合并组分并浓缩提供粗制标题化合物(0.607g,1.55mmol,94%产率),其可直接用于下一步骤。MS(ESI)m/z 393.5[M+1]+。
F.5-(8-(((反式)-4-甲氧基环己基)甲基)-7-氧-5,6,7,8-四氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2-基)-4-甲基吡啶酰胺。合并5-(8-(((反式)-4-甲氧基环己基)甲基)-7-氧-5,6,7,8-四氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2-基)-4-甲基氰基吡啶(0.607g,1.55mmol)、三氟乙酸(2.0mL,26.0mmol)和硫酸(0.5mL,9.38mmol)并在65℃下加热1小时。用碳酸钠将反应pH调节至10,用乙酸乙酯(3×15mL)萃取所得的溶液。收集有机层,用硫酸镁干燥,浓缩并用反相制备HPLC(10-100%乙腈+含于H2O的0.1%TFA+0.1%TFA,历时30min)纯化。合并澄清组分,减压浓缩并在高真空下干燥提供成为黄色固体的标题化合物(0.425g,1.04mmol,67%产率)。MS(ESI)m/z 411.5[M+1]+。
G.(Z)-N-((二甲氨基)亚甲基)-5-(8-(((反式)-4-甲氧基环己基)甲基)-7-氧-5,6,7,8-四氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2-基)-4-甲基吡啶酰胺。合并5-(8-(((反式)-4-甲氧基环己基)甲基)-7-氧-5,6,7,8-四氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2-基)-4-甲基吡啶酰胺(0.412g,1.00mmol)、二甲基甲酰胺二新戊基缩醛(1.5mL)和四氢呋喃(10mL)并在85℃下加热3小时。于反应容器中在氮气流下浓缩反应物。粗产物被直接用于下一步骤(0.467g,1.00mmol,100%产率)。MS(ESI)m/z 466.6[M+1]+。
H.1-(((反式)-4-甲氧基环己基)甲基)-7-(4-甲基-6-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)吡啶-3-基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮。将(Z)-N-((二甲氨基)亚甲基)-5-(8-(((反式)-4-甲氧基环己基)甲基)-7-氧-5,6,7,8-四氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2-基)-4-甲基吡啶酰胺(0.467g,1.00mmol)添加至乙酸(6mL)。将反应物冷却至0℃并逐滴添加肼(1.00mL,32mmol)。搅拌反应物并历时10分钟至25℃。在反应容器内氮气流下浓缩反应物。添加水(5mL),通过过滤收集产物,并采用反相半制备HPLC(20-70%乙腈+含于H2O的0.1%TFA+0.1%TFA,历时30min)纯化。合并澄清组分,减压浓缩并在高真空下干燥提供成为黄色固体的标题化合物(0.046g,0.106mmol,11%产率)。1H NMR(400MHz,甲醇-d4)δ(ppm)8.72(s,1H),8.62(s,1H),8.37(s,1H),7.93(s,1H),4.30(s,2H),3.99(d,J=7.03Hz,2H),3.32(s,3H),3.08-3.17(m,1H),2.71-2.76(m,3H),2.06(br.s.,2H),1.80-1.89(m,1H),1.74(br.s.,2H),1.09(d,J=11.32Hz,4H);MS(ESI)m/z 435.5[M+1]+。
实施例7:7-(5-氟-2-甲基-4-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)苯基)-1-异丙基-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮
A.2-(5-溴-3-(异丙氨基)吡嗪-2-氨基)乙酸乙酯。在油浴中150℃下加热反应瓶内的2-(3,5-二溴吡嗪-2-氨基)乙酸乙酯(参见实施例6.B)(1.5g,4.43mmol)、异丙胺(0.17g,4.87mmol)、N,N-二异丙基乙胺(1.14g,8.84mmol)和二甲亚砜(10mL)混合物达16小时。冷却至室温后,将所的混合物注入水中,并用乙酸乙酯萃取。用硫酸镁干燥有机层,过滤,减压蒸发并用硅胶柱层析(含于石油醚中的10-20%乙酸乙酯)纯化以得到标题化合物(780mg,55.7%产率)。MS(ESI)m/z 316.9[M+1]+。
B.7-溴-1-异丙基-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮。向密封容器内的2-(5-溴-3-(异丙氨基)吡嗪-2-氨基)乙酸乙酯(780mg,2.26mmol)、甲醇(5mL)和TFA(10mL)混合物吹氮气,密封,剧烈搅拌并用油浴在90℃下加热16小时。用甲醇稀释所得的混合物并减压去除溶剂。添加甲醇(10mL),再次减压去除溶剂。添加甲醇(10mL)和重碳酸钠。在室温下搅拌所得的混合物直至pH=6(水中),减压去除溶剂。添加水(20mL)。用亚甲基氯(20mL×3)萃取混合物。用无水硫酸钠干燥有机层,浓缩得到粗产物并在硅胶柱层析(含于石油醚的10-20%乙酸乙酯)上纯化得到标题化合物(360mg,39.4%产率)。
C.1-异丙基-7-(三甲基甲锡烷基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮。在具有搅拌棒的可密封容器内合并7-溴-1-异丙基-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮(0.5g,1.844mmol)、六甲基二锡(0.725g,2.213mmol)、四(三苯基膦)钯(0)(0.213g,0.184mmol)和1,4-二噁烷(3mL)。向溶液中通氮气。密封容器,剧烈搅拌并在100℃下加热2小时。用乙酸乙酯稀释所得的浑浊黑色混合物,过滤并用乙酸乙酯充分洗涤滤饼。减压浓缩滤出液并用硅胶快速柱层析(含于己烷的20-80%乙酸乙酯)纯化提供成为米黄色固体的所需产物(0.49g,1.38mmol,75%产率)。MS(ESI)m/z 357.4[M+2]+。
D.4-溴-2-氟-5-甲基苯甲酰胺。将4-溴-2-氟-5-甲基苯基氰(40g,190mmol)在硫酸(98%)和TFA(v/v=4:1,480mL)的混合物中的溶液在80℃下搅拌16小时。将混合物冷却至室温,将所得的混合物注入冰冷水中。过滤收集所得的沉淀物,用水洗涤,并减压干燥得到成为白色固体的标题化合物(41g,95%产率)。MS(ESI)m/z 232.0[M+1]+。
E.4-溴-N-((二甲氨基)亚甲基)-2-氟-5-甲基苯甲酰胺。将4-溴-2-氟-5-甲基苯甲酰胺(20g,86mmol)的N,N-二甲基-甲酰胺二甲基缩醛(200mL)溶液在100℃和氮气下搅拌3小时。浓缩所的混合物,干燥得到成为黄色油的所需产物(24.6g,95%产率),其可不经进一步纯化用于下一步骤。MS(ESI)m/z287.0[M+1]+。
F.3-(4-溴-2-氟-5-甲基苯基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑。向4-溴-N-((二甲氨基)亚甲基)-2-氟-5-甲基苯甲酰胺(24.6g,86.2mmol)的乙酸(200mL)溶液在0℃下逐滴添加水合肼(25mL,0.70mol)。将反应混合物在室温下搅拌过夜。过滤该混合物,用水(500mL×3)洗涤,并减压干燥得到成为白色固体的标题化合物(15g,68%产率)。MS(ESI)m/z 256.0[M+1]+。
G.3-(4-溴-2-氟-5-甲基苯基)-1-(四氢-2H-吡喃-2-基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑。将3-(4-溴-2-氟-5-甲基苯基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑(15g,60mmol)、甲苯-4-磺酸(2.0g,12mmol)和3,4-二氢-2H-吡喃(20g,240mmol)在四氢呋喃(200mL)中的溶液在80℃和氮气下搅拌15小时。浓缩所的混合物并在硅胶柱(含于石油醚的1-25%乙酸乙酯)上纯化提供成为白色固体的受保护三唑产物(15g,75%产率)。1H NMR(DMSO-d6,400MHz):δ(ppm)8.83(s,1H),7.96(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.66(d,J=10.0Hz,1H),5.61(dd,J1=2.4Hz,J2=9.6Hz,1H),3.96(d,J=1.6Hz,1H),3.69(m,1H),2.36(s,3H),2.00(m,2H),1.70(m,2H),1.57(m,2H);MS(ESI)m/z340.0[M+1]+。
H.7-(5-氟-2-甲基-4-(1-(四氢-2H-吡喃-2-基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)苯基)-1-异丙基-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮.在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(5mL)中合并1-异丙基-7-(三甲基甲锡烷基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮(300mg,0.84mmol)、3-(4-溴-2-氟-5-甲基苯基)-1-(四氢-2H-吡喃-2-基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑(428mg,1.26mmol)和双(三苯基膦)二氯化钯(II)(56mg,0.08mmol)。将混合物脱气并在140℃和氮气下加热3小时。冷却至室温后,过滤反应混合物并在乙酸乙酯(15mL)和水(15mL)之间分配滤出液。分离有机层,用乙酸乙酯(10mL×2)萃取水相。用硫酸钠干燥合并的有机层,过滤,减压浓缩并通过制备TLC(含于二氯甲烷的15%甲醇)纯化得到成为固体的标题化合物(200mg,产率52%)。
I.7-(5-氟-2-甲基-4-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)苯基)-1-异丙基-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮。在室温下将7-(5-氟-2-甲基-4-(1-(四氢-2H-吡喃-2-基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)苯基)-1-异丙基-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮(200mg,0.44mmol)在甲醇盐酸化物(20mL,2M)中的溶液搅拌5小时。用饱和重碳酸钠水溶液(25mL)稀释反应物,并用乙酸乙酯(25mL×2)萃取含水混合物。用硫酸钠干燥有机相,过滤,减压蒸发并在硅胶柱(含于石油醚的50-100%乙酸乙酯)上纯化。合并所需的组分,并减压浓缩得到标题化合物(75mg,46%产率)。1H NMR(DMSO-d6,400MHz):δ(ppm)14.25(br.s.,1H),8.20(br.s.,1H),7.90(m,2H),7.58(s,1H),7.35(s,1H),5.24(m,1H),4.10(s,2H),2.43(s,3H),1.44(d,J=7.2,6H);MS(ESI)m/z 368.2[M+1]+。
实施例8:7'-(2-甲基-4-(4H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)苯基)-1'H-螺环[环丙烷-1,2'-吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪]-3'(4'H)-酮
A.1-(3,5-二溴吡嗪-2-基氨甲酰基)环丙基-氨基甲酸叔丁酯。将1,1'-羰基二咪唑(4.37g,27.0mmol)添加至室温下搅拌中的1-(叔丁氧基羰基氨基)环丙烷羧酸(4.93g,24.50mmol)在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(6mL)和二氯甲烷(12mL)中的溶液。在室温和氮气下将所得的澄清黄色混合物搅拌4小时。依次添加N,N-二异丙基乙胺(8.54mL,49.0mmol)和3,5-二溴吡嗪-2-胺(9.29g,36.8mmol)。将所得的混合物在氮气和回流冷凝器下50℃加热60小时。用乙酸乙酯稀释所得的混合物并用水洗涤。分离层,用盐水洗涤有机层,以硫酸镁干燥,过滤并减压浓缩。将残留物投入二氯甲烷,通过快速层析(Biotage)(含于己烷的5-60%乙酸乙酯)纯化。合并含所需产物的组分,并减压浓缩。用含于己烷的15%乙酸乙酯研磨残留物,并在高真空下干燥以得到成为米色固体的所需产物(5.349g,12.27mmol,50%产率)。1HNMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ(ppm)9.92(br.s.,1H),8.76(s,1H),7.70(br.s.,1H),1.41(s,9H),1.34-1.40(m,2H),1.02-1.09(m,2H);MS(ESI)m/z 437.3[M+1]+,459.1[M+Na]+。
B.1-氨基-N-(3,5-二溴吡嗪-2-基)环丙烷氨甲酰双三氟乙酸酯。将TFA(6.02mL,78mmol)添加至搅拌中的1-(3,5-二溴吡嗪-2-基氨甲酰基)环丙基氨基甲酸叔丁酯(3.410g,7.82mmol)在二氯甲烷(20mL)中的混合物。将所得的澄清黄色溶液室温搅拌4小时。减压去除所有的挥发物,在40℃和高真空下干燥残留物得到蜡状黄色固体的所需产物(4.42g,7.85mmol,100%产率)。MS(ESI)m/z 337.1[M+1]+。
C.7'-溴-1'H-螺环[环丙烷-1,2'-吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪]-3'(4'H)-酮。在具有搅拌棒的可密封容器内合并1-氨基-N-(3,5-二溴吡嗪-2-基)环丙烷氨甲酰双三氟乙酸酯(0.394g,0.700mmol)、N,N-二异丙基乙胺(0.610mL,3.50mmol)和1,4-二噁烷(6mL)。向该系统吹氮气。密封所得的混合物,剧烈搅拌并在110℃下加热2小时。减压去除挥发物。将残留物溶解于DMSO和甲醇,过滤并用反相制备HPLC(10-65%乙腈+含于水的0.1%TFA+0.1%TFA,历时30min)纯化。合并含所需产物的组分,用饱和重碳酸钠水溶液中和,并减压去除大部分溶剂。真空过滤收集固体,用水彻底洗涤并真空干燥得到成为浅黄色固体的所需产物(0.141g,0.553mmol,79%产率)。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ(ppm)11.27(s,1H),8.04(s,1H),7.46(s,1H),1.29-1.38(m,2H),0.91-1.01(m,2H);MS(ESI)m/z 255.1[M]+,257.0[M+2]+。
D.7’-(2-甲基-4-(4-(四氢-2H-吡喃-2-基)-4H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)苯基)-1’H-螺环[环丙烷-1,2’-吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪]-3’(4’H)-酮三氟乙酸酯。在具有搅拌棒的可密封容器内合并3-(3-甲基-4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧硼戊环-2-基)苯基)-4-(四氢-2H-吡喃-2-基)-4H-1,2,4-三唑(参见实施例2.C)(0.201g,0.545mmol)、7'-溴-1'H-螺环[环丙烷-1,2'-吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪]-3'(4'H)-酮(0.139g,0.545mmol)、[1,1'-双(联苯基膦基)-二茂铁]二氯钯(II)与二氯甲烷的络合物(1:1)(0.045g,0.054mmol)、碳酸钠(1M,含于水中,1.635mL,1.635mmol)、1,4-二噁烷(1.2mL)和异丙醇(0.4mL)。向该系统吹氮气。密封所得的混合物,剧烈搅拌并在100℃下加热1小时。用水稀释所得的混合物,并通过二氯甲烷萃取三次。减压浓缩合并的有机物。将残留物投入DMSO和甲醇,过滤并用反相制备HPLC(20-70%乙腈+含于水的0.1%TFA+0.1%TFA,历时30min)纯化。合并含所需产物的组分,并减压去除溶剂。高真空干燥所得的残留物以得到成为橙色固体的所需产物(0.109g,0.205mmol,38%产率)。MS(ESI)m/z 418.4[M+1]+。
E.7'-(2-甲基-4-(4H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)苯基)-1'H-螺环[环丙烷-1,2'-吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪]-3'(4'H)-酮。在80℃下将含于水的6N盐酸(0.171mL,1.025mmol)添加至搅拌中的7’-(2-甲基-4-(4-(四氢-2H-吡喃-2-基)-4H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)苯基)-1’H-螺环[环丙烷-1,2’-吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪]-3’(4’H)-酮三氟乙酸酯(0.109g,0.205mmol)在乙醇(4mL)中的混合物中。剧烈搅拌所得的混合物,在80℃下回流冷凝器和氮气下加热30分钟。过滤所得的混合物并采用反相制备HPLC(10-60%乙腈+含于水的0.1%TFA+0.1%TFA,历时30min)纯化。合并含所需产物的组分,用饱和重碳酸钠水溶液中和,并减压去除大部分溶剂。真空过滤收集固体,用水彻底洗涤并在45℃下真空干燥得到成为黄色固体的所需产物(0.027g,0.079mmol,39%产率)。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ(ppm)11.22(br.s.,1H),8.63(br.s.,1H),7.93(s,1H),7.89(d,J=7.81Hz,1H),7.62(s,1H),7.58(s,1H),7.47(br.s.,1H),2.43(s,3H),1.29-1.38(m,2H),0.95-1.04(m,2H);MS(ESI)m/z 334.2[M+1]+。
实施例9:7-(6-(2-羟基丙烷-2-基)吡啶-3-基)-1-((反式)-4-甲氧基环己基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮
A.2-(5-溴-3-(反式-4-甲氧基环己氨基)吡嗪-2-氨基)乙酸乙酯。在油浴中150℃下搅拌加热具有搅拌棒的反应瓶内的2-(3,5-二溴吡嗪-2-氨基)乙酸乙酯(参见实施例6.B)(30.0g,88mmol)、反式-4-甲氧基环己胺(17.15g,133mmol)、N,N-二异丙基乙胺(30.8mL,177mmol)和二甲亚砜(70.8mL)达16小时。用乙酸乙酯稀释所得的混合物,减压去除挥发物。在Biotage SP1(含于己烷的12%乙酸乙酯)上通过硅胶层析纯化残留物。合并含所需产物的组分并减压去除有机挥发物。用含于己烷的5%乙酸乙酯研磨残留物。真空过滤收集固体,用己烷洗涤,并在真空下干燥提供成为米色固体的标题化合物(15.37g,39.7mmol,44.8%产率)。MS(ESI)m/z 387.0[M]+,389.0[M+2]+。
B.7-溴-1-(反式-4-甲氧基环己基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮。将如下的反应物分入3个独立密封的管中并单独处理。在纯化后合并物质。在具有搅拌棒的可密封容器中合并2-(5-溴-3-(反式-4-甲氧基环己氨基)吡嗪-2-氨基)乙酸乙酯(10g,25.7mmol)、甲醇(10.5mL,259mmol)和TFA(100mL)。向系统吹氮气,密封所得的混合物,剧烈搅拌并用油浴在90℃下加热18.5小时。用甲醇稀释所得的混合物,减压去除所有溶剂。添加甲醇(100mL),再次减压去除所有溶剂。添加甲醇(100mL)和重碳酸钠(12.4g,147mmol)。室温搅拌所得混合物直至pH=6(含于水中)。将混合物浓缩至接近干燥。添加水(100mL)。真空过滤采集所得的褐色固体,并用水洗涤。将该褐色固体溶解于热甲醇和乙腈中,并用反相C18快速柱层析(含于水的20-100%乙腈)纯化。合并含所需产物的组分,并减压至接近干燥。真空过滤收集固体,用水洗涤并真空干燥得到成为淡褐色固体的所需产物(4.88g,14.3mmol,55%产率)。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ(ppm)7.71(s,1H),7.59(s,1H),4.66(tt,J=3.61,12.20Hz,1H),4.07(d,J=1.56Hz,2H),3.25(s,3H),3.06-3.17(m,1H),2.42(qd,J=3.51,12.89Hz,2H),2.10(d,J=10.93Hz,2H),1.61(d,J=10.93Hz,2H),1.10-1.24(m,2H);MS(ESI)m/z 341.3[M]+,343.1[M+2]+。
C.7-(6-(2-羟基丙烷-2-基)吡啶-3-基)-1-(反式-4-甲氧基环己基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮。在具有搅拌棒的圆底烧瓶中合并2-(5-(三甲基甲锡烷基)吡啶-2-基)丙烷-2-醇(参见实施例5.E)(9.43g,31.4mmol)、7-溴-1-(反式-4-甲氧基环己基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮(10.02g,29.4mmol)、[1,1'-双(联苯基-膦基)-二茂铁]二氯钯(II)二氯甲烷adduct(2.398g,2.94mmol)和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(25mL)。真空去除容器中的气体并用氮气替换三次。剧烈搅拌所得的混合物,在120℃和氮气下加热35分钟。采用快速层析纯化所得的混合物,分入4个单独的柱(含于二氯甲烷的2-15%甲醇)。合并含所需产物的组分,并减压去除大部分溶剂。用反相制备HPLC(20-40%乙腈+含于水的0.1%TFA+0.1%TFA,历时30min)纯化所得的混合物,分为6轮。合并含所需产物的组分并在25℃下减压去除所有乙腈和部分水。将剩余的黄色溶液加载至来自的50g Strata X-C离子交换树脂上。依次用水、乙腈、甲醇和含于甲醇的5%氢氧化铵洗柱。用含于甲醇的5%氢氧化铵洗脱液洗脱产物,减压浓缩,并真空干燥以提供成为粉色泡沫固体的所需产物(4.85g,12.20mmol,42%产率)。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ(ppm)9.03(d,J=1.56Hz,1H),8.28(s,1H),8.24(dd,J=2.34,8.20Hz,1H),7.74(d,J=7.81Hz,1H),7.61(s,1H),5.26(s,1H),4.90(tt,J=3.71,12.10Hz,1H),4.13(s,2H),3.28(s,3H),3.20(tt,J=4.00,10.84Hz,1H),2.58(qd,J=2.93,12.82Hz,2H),2.14(d,J=10.15Hz,2H),1.68(d,J=10.93Hz,2H),1.47(s,6H),1.17-1.35(m,2H);MS(ESI)m/z 398.3[M+1]+;mp 196-198℃(未校正)。
D.7-(6-(2-羟基丙烷-2-基)吡啶-3-基)-1-(反式-4-甲氧基环己基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮(替代性步骤)。合并2-(3,5-二溴吡嗪-2-氨基)乙酸乙酯(1当量)和反式-4-甲氧基环己胺盐酸化物(1.5当量)、NMP和DIEA并加热至127℃,在该温度下维持18小时。反应完全后,历时4小时将混合物冷却至35℃。将该批次转移至乙酸乙酯和5%盐水的混合物中。去除水层,并依次用5%盐水和水洗涤含该批次的有机层。通过真空蒸馏至低体积将该批次浓缩至有机层,冷却至环境温度,通过真空过滤收集固体。用MTBE洗涤滤饼,在真空中干燥该产物以41%产率提供2-(5-溴-3-(反式-4-甲氧基环己氨基)吡嗪-2-氨基)乙酸乙酯。历时1小时将2-(5-溴-3-(反式-4-甲氧基环己氨基)吡嗪-2-氨基)乙酸乙酯(1当量)、水和85%磷酸(3:1)的混合物加热至80℃。将加热维持18小时至反应完全。在反应完全时,将混合物冷却至25℃,并过滤得到成为棕褐色固体的粗产物。用水洗涤所得的固体,在水中成浆并过滤。用水洗涤滤饼直至滤出液的pH介于4和8。在真空下干燥所得的物质以得到89%产率的7-溴-1-(反式-4-甲氧基环己基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮。在异丙醇合并7-溴-1-(反式-4-甲氧基环己基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮(1当量)、5-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧硼戊环-2-基)-2-(2-(三甲基甲硅烷氧基)丙烷-2-基)吡啶(1当量)、碳酸钠(3当量)和PdCl2(AmPhos)2(0.003当量)并在70℃下加热1.5小时。标准处理和纯化提供93%产率的受保护化合物。采用标准条件脱保护以去除三甲基甲硅烷基-基团并分离得到标题化合物。
实施例10:9-(6-(4H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)-2-甲基-3-吡啶基)-6,11,4a-三氢吗啉并[4,3-e]吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-5-酮
A.5-溴-6-甲基氰基吡啶。在具有搅拌棒的可密封容器内合并3,6-二溴-2-甲基吡啶(4.9g,19.53mmol)、氰化铜(I)(1.75g,19.53mmol)和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(20mL)。密封所得的混合物,剧烈搅拌并在110℃下加热4小时。用乙酸乙酯稀释所得的混合物,注入含水的分液漏斗并分层。用乙酸乙酯萃取水层两次。用盐水洗涤合并的有机物,以硫酸镁干燥,过滤并减压浓缩。通过硅胶层析(含于己烷的10%乙酸乙酯)纯化所得的固体以得到成为白色固体的标题化合物(1.88g,9.54mmol,49%产率)。MS(ESI)m/z 197.3[M]+。
B.3-(3,5-二溴吡嗪-2-基氨甲酰基)吗啉-4-羧酸叔丁酯。在室温和氮气下将4-(叔丁氧基羰基)吗啉-3-羧酸(1.500g,6.49mmol)和1,1'-羰基二咪唑(1.578g,9.73mmol)在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(2mL)和二氯甲烷(6mL)中的溶液搅拌4.5小时。依次添加N,N-二异丙基乙胺(2.260mL,12.97mmol)和3,5-二溴吡嗪-2-胺(3.28g,12.97mmol)。搅拌所得的混合物并在50℃下在回流冷凝器和氮气下加热2天。减压浓缩所得的混合物。用水稀释残留物,用乙酸乙酯萃取3次。用水合盐水洗涤合并的有机物,用硫酸镁干燥干燥,过滤并减压浓缩。用快速层析(含于己烷的20-30-50%乙酸乙酯)纯化残留物以提供成为淡黄色泡沫-固体的所需产物(2.136g,4.58mmol,71%产率)。MS(ESI)m/z467[M+1]+。
C.9-溴-6,11,4a-三氢吗啉并[4,3-e]吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-5-酮。将3-(3,5-二溴吡嗪-2-基氨甲酰基)吗啉-4-羧酸叔丁酯(2.132g,4.57mmol)在室温下搅拌溶解于二氯甲烷(45mL)。添加TFA(9mL),对所得的浅黄色混合物加盖,并室温搅拌2.5小时。减压去除溶剂,在高真空和45℃下干燥残留物以得到粘稠黄色油。室温搅拌下将黄色油溶解于异丙醇(湿)(50mL)。添加重碳酸钠(3.84g,45.7mmol)、乙酸钯(II)(0.103g,0.457mmol)和4,5-双(联苯基膦基)-9,9-二甲基氧杂蒽(0.239mL,1.372mmol)。去除烧瓶中的空气并用氮气置换。剧烈搅拌所得的混合物并在80℃下在回流冷凝器和氮气下加热2小时。将所得的混合物冷却至室温并用水(30mL)稀释。真空过滤收集所得的固体,用水和二乙醚彻底洗涤并在高真空干燥得到成为黄色固体的纯度为约90%的所需产物(1.441g,5.05mmol,99%产率)。MS(ESI)m/z 285[M]+,287[M+2]+。
D.9-(1,1-二甲基-1-锡酸乙基)-6,11,4a-三氢吗啉并[4,3-e]吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-5-酮。在具有搅拌棒的可密封容器内合并9-溴-6,11,4a-三氢吗啉并[4,3-e]吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-5-酮(0.30g,1.052mmol)、六甲基二锡(0.414g,1.263mmol)、四(三苯基膦)钯(0)(0.122g,0.105mmol)和1,4-二噁烷(5mL)。向溶液中通氮气五分钟。密封容器,剧烈搅拌并在100℃下加热2小时。用乙酸乙酯稀释所得的浑浊黑色混合物,过滤并用乙酸乙酯充分洗涤滤饼。减压浓缩滤出液并用Biotage快速层析(含于己烷的20-80%乙酸乙酯)纯化提供成为米黄色固体的所需产物(0.350g,0.948mmol,90%产率)。MS(ESI)m/z369.5[M]+。
E.6-甲基-5-(5-氧(6,11,4a-三氢吗啉并[4,3-e]吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-9-基))吡啶-2-腈。将5-溴-6-甲基氰基吡啶(0.080g,0.406mmol)、9-(1,1-二甲基-1-锡酸乙基)-6,11,4a-三氢吗啉并[4,3-e]吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-5-酮(0.150g,0.406mmol)、三(二苯亚甲基丙酮)二钯(0)(0.041g,0.045mmol)、三-o-甲苯基膦(0.027g,0.089mmol)和三乙胺(0.170mL,1.219mmol)置于密封管内并添加N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(2mL)。向反应混合物通氮气五分钟,密封反应物并在100℃下加热1小时。用甲醇稀释所得的浑浊黑色混合物,过滤并用甲醇彻底洗涤滤饼。减压浓缩滤出液,采用快速层析(含于己烷的50-100%乙酸乙酯)纯化提供所需产物(0.117g,0.363mmol,89%产率)。MS(ESI)m/z 323.5[M+1]+
F.6-甲基-5-(5-氧(6,11,4a-三氢吗啉并[4,3-e]吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-9-基))吡啶-2-氨甲酰。将6-甲基-5-(5-氧(6,11,4a-三氢吗啉并[4,3-e]吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-9-基))吡啶-2-腈(0.18g,0.558mmol)置于圆底烧瓶中同时进行搅拌,添加TFA(1.6mL)和硫酸(0.4mL)的混合物。在室温下搅拌所得的悬浮液16小时。将混合物倾倒在冰上,用固体氢氧化钾小心中和过量的酸。过滤所得的固体,用水洗涤并在高真空下干燥获得成为红色固体的标题化合物(0.153g,0.450mmol,81%产率)。MS(ESI)m/z 341.5[M+1]+
G.9-(6-(4H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)-2-甲基-3-吡啶基)-6,11,4a-三氢吗啉并[4,3-e]吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-5-酮。将6-甲基-5-(5-氧(6,11,4a-三氢吗啉并[4,3-e]吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-9-基))吡啶-2-氨甲酰(0.159g,0.467mmol)、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺二新戊基缩醛(2mL,8.85mmol)和二甲亚砜(0.5mL)置于烧瓶中并在85℃下加热1小时。用乙酸(5mL,87mmol)稀释该溶液并逐滴添加肼(0.468mL,14.90mmol)。将反应物在25℃下搅拌30分钟。减压浓缩该混合物并用饱和碳酸钠水溶液小心中和。然后用乙酸乙酯萃取该溶液三次,减压浓缩并采用反相半制备HPLC(5-50%乙腈+含于水的0.1%TFA+0.1%TFA,历时20min)纯化提供标题化合物(0.03g,0.082mmol,17.63%产率)。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ(ppm)7.96-8.04(m,2H),7.88(s,1H),4.33(dd,J=3.71,10.74Hz,1H),4.15-4.23(m,2H),3.98(dd,J=3.51,11.71Hz,1H),3.51-3.63(m,2H),2.89-2.99(m,1H),2.70(s,3H);MS(ESI)m/z365.5[M+1]+
实施例11:6-(6-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)吡啶-3-基)-4-(四氢-2h-吡喃-4-基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮
A.6-溴-4-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮。向N-(3,5-二溴吡嗪-2-基)-2-碘代乙酰胺(参见实施例5.B)(6.6g,15.8mmol)和二异丙基乙胺(4.0g,31.6mmol)在乙腈(50mL)中的溶液添加四氢-2H-吡喃-4-胺(6.4g,63.2mmol),并在环境温度下搅拌该混合物16小时。减压去除溶剂,通过在硅胶(含于石油醚的5-20%乙酸乙酯)上层析纯化残留物以提供标题化合物(1.98g,40%产率)。MS(ESI)m/z 313.1[M+1]+。
B.4-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)-6-(三甲基甲锡烷基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮.将6-溴-4-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮(1.98g,6.35mmol)、四(三苯基膦)钯(1.45g,1.27mmol)和六甲基二锡(4.0g,12.7mmol)在二噁烷(10mL)中的脱气混合物在90℃和氮气下加热3小时。减压浓缩反应混合物,并在硅胶(含于石油醚的10-20%乙酸乙酯)上纯化提供产物(1.07g,42.3%产率)。MS(ESI)m/z399.1[M+1]+。
C.6-(6-(1-(四氢-2H-吡喃-2-基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)吡啶-3-基)-4-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮。将4-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)-6-(三甲基甲锡烷基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮(1当量)、5-溴-2-(1-(四氢-2H-吡喃-2-基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)吡啶(1.2当量)、三(二苯亚甲基丙酮)二钯(0.1当量)、三-o-甲苯基膦(0.2当量)、三乙胺(3当量)和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺的混合物在95℃和氮气下加热3小时。浓缩并层析纯化以39%产率提供所需的产物。MS(ESI)m/z 463.1[M+1]+。
D.6-(6-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)吡啶-3-基)-4-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮。将6-(6-(1-(四氢-2H-吡喃-2-基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)吡啶-3-基)-4-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮在甲醇盐酸化物溶液中的混合物室温搅拌0.5小时。减压蒸发溶剂以提供粗产物,用N,N-二甲基甲酰胺洗涤以34%产率提供成为盐酸化物的标题化合物。1H NMR(DMSO-d6,400MHz)δ(ppm)11.44(s,1H),9.30(s,1H),8.59(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),8.46(s,1H),8.22(m,2H),4.70(t,J=10Hz,1H),4.16(s,1H),3.99(m,4H),3.51(t,J=11.2Hz,2H),1.86(m,2H),1.69(d,J=12.8Hz,2H);MS(ESI)m/z 379.1[M+1]+。
实施例12:1-乙基-7-(2-甲基-6-(4H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)吡啶-3-基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮
A.7-溴-1-乙基-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮。将2-(3,5-二溴吡嗪-2-氨基)乙酸乙酯(参见实施例6.B)(1当量)、乙胺盐酸化物(3.1当量)、N,N-二异丙基乙胺(4当量)在N-甲基吡咯酮中的混合物在105℃和氮气下加热14小时。经过标准乙酸乙酯/水处理提供77%产率的粗产物。该物质可不经进一步纯化直接使用。在甲醇中合并粗制乙基2-(5-溴-3-(乙氨基)吡嗪-2-氨基)乙酸酯和乙酸。将反应混合物在60-62℃和氮气下回流16小时。减压浓缩反应物,用甲醇稀释所得的残留物并浓缩。将所得的残留物溶解于乙酸乙酯,用碳酸钠处理并搅拌10分钟至pH约7。过滤该混合物并用乙酸乙酯洗涤。浓缩滤出液并通过硅胶塞(含于己烷的0-40%乙酸乙酯)纯化以提供成为棕褐色固体的产物。附加地,将滤饼悬浮于水中以去除碳酸钾。过滤收集剩余的固体产物。该工艺以75%的合并产率提供产物。
B.1-乙基-7-(2-甲基-6-(4H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)吡啶-3-基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮。将3-溴-2-甲基-6-(1-(四氢-2H-吡喃-2-基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)吡啶(1当量)、双(戊酰)二硼(1.05当量)、乙酸钾(2当量)、碳酸钾(3当量)、[1,1'-双(联苯基膦基)-二茂铁]二氯钯(II)与二氯甲烷的络合物(1:1)(0.1当量)在无水二噁烷中的混合物脱气并在90℃下加热2小时。将混合物冷却至<40℃,添加7-溴-1-乙基-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮(1当量)、水和[1,1'-双(联苯基膦基)-二茂铁]二氯钯(II)与二氯甲烷的络合物(1:1)(0.05当量)。将混合物脱气并在65-70℃和氮气下加热1小时。将混合物冷却至<40℃,用水和乙酸乙酯稀释。用标准乙酸乙酯/水处理后通过快速柱层析(含于二氯甲烷的0-5%甲醇)提供57%产率的标题化合物。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ(ppm)7.99(s,2H),7.93(s,1H),7.72(s,1H),4.22(s,2H),4.05(q,J=6.77Hz,2H),2.71(s,3H),1.18(t,J=7.03Hz,3H);MS(ESI)m/z 337.6[M+1]+。
实施例13:4-((顺式)-4-甲氧基环己基)-6-(2-甲基-6-(4H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)吡啶-3-基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮
A.5-溴-6-甲基吡啶酰胺。将5-溴-6-甲基氰基吡啶(1.8g,9.14mmol)在TFA和硫酸(30mL,4:1,V/V)混合物中的溶液在40℃下搅拌16小时。将反应混合物倾倒入冰水。过滤所得的固体,用水洗涤,干燥得到成为白色固体的所需产物(1.0g,4.65mmol,54%产率)。MS(ESI)m/z 217.1[M+2]+。
B.3-溴-2-甲基-6-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)吡啶。在具有搅拌棒的100mL圆底烧瓶中合并5-溴-6-甲基吡啶酰胺(1g,4.65mmol)和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺二甲基缩醛(20mL)并在85℃下于回流冷凝器和氮气下加热3小时。减压浓缩所得的混合物,真空干燥得到黄色油,其可不经纯化用于下一步骤。用乙酸(10mL)稀释所得的残留物,逐滴添加肼(2.5mL,70.3mmol)并在室温下搅拌5小时。将反应混合物倾倒入冰水。过滤所得的固体,用水洗涤并干燥得到成为白色固体的所需产物。用二氯甲烷萃取水性滤出液。减压浓缩有机层至接近干燥以获得额外的物质。合并两个批次得到所需的产物(0.7g,2.9mmol,63%产率)。MS(ESI)m/z 241.1[M+2]+。
C.3-溴-2-甲基-6-(1-(四氢-2H-吡喃-2-基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)吡啶。将3-溴-2-甲基-6-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)吡啶(0.7g,2.93mmol)和3,4-二氢-2H-吡喃(0.493g,5.86mmol)溶解于四氢呋喃(20mL)。添加TFA(3.34mg,0.029mmol),将所得溶液加热至70℃达16小时。将反应混合物冷却至室温,用乙酸乙酯稀释,过滤并倾倒入含有水和乙酸乙酯的分液漏斗。减压浓缩有机层。快速层析(含于己烷的0-60%乙酸乙酯)得到成为白色固体的所需产物(0.40g,1.23mmol,42%产率)。MS(ESI)m/z 325.1[M+2]+。
D.(顺式)-4-甲氧基环己胺盐酸化物。在氮气气氛下向圆底烧瓶中添加(顺式)-4-羟基环己基氨基甲酸叔丁酯(7.8g,36.2mmol),悬浮于无水四氢呋喃(181.0mL)中并冷却至0℃。然后添加氢化钠(2.174g,54.3mmol),将所得的溶液搅拌5分钟。在氮气气氛下向另一个烧瓶添加碘甲烷(2.265mL,36.2mmol),并悬浮于无水四氢呋喃(10.0mL)中。历时3分钟将含于四氢呋喃的碘甲烷溶液逐滴添加至第一个烧瓶中。将反应物在室温下搅拌16小时。减压去除有机挥发物并在乙酸乙酯(3×)和水之间分配。汇集有机组分,用硫酸镁干燥,过滤并减压浓缩。通过硅胶柱层析(含于己烷的25-50%乙酸乙酯)纯化所得的物质。合并所需的组分,减压去除有机挥发物,然后添加盐酸(4M,含于1,4-二噁烷,23.5mL)。将所得的溶液加热至40℃达1小时,减压去除有机挥发物以提供标题化合物(6.0g,36.2mmol,100%产率)。MS(ESI)m/z 130.1[M+1]+。
E.6-溴-4-((顺式)-4-甲氧基环己基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮。向N-(3,5-二溴吡嗪-2-基)-2-碘代乙酰胺(参见实施例5.B)(1.0g,2.376mmol)和二异丙基乙胺(1.038mL,5.94mmol)在乙腈(10mL)中的溶液添加(顺式)-4-甲氧基环己胺盐酸化物(0.413g,2.495mmol)。将该溶液在55℃下搅拌3小时。过滤所得的沉淀物,用乙腈洗涤并减压干燥提供标题化合物(0.442g,1.29mmol,55%产率)。MS(ESI)m/z 341.3[M]+,343.3[M+2]+。
F.4-((顺式)-4-甲氧基环己基)-6-(三甲基甲锡烷基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮。在二噁烷(5mL)中合并6-溴-4-((顺式)-4-甲氧基环己基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮(0.442g,1.295mmol)、四(三苯基膦)钯(0.225g,0.194mmol)和六甲基二锡(0.322mL,1.554mmol)。向该溶液吹氮气,并在螺旋盖试管中加热至90℃达3小时。减压浓缩该溶液并采用柱层析(含于己烷的0-50%乙酸乙酯)纯化提供标题化合物(0.356g,0.837mmol,65%产率)。MS(ESI)m/z 426.5[M+1]+,427.5[M+1]+。
G.4-((顺式)-4-甲氧基环己基)-6-(2-甲基-6-(4-(四氢-2H-吡喃-2-基)-4H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)吡啶-3-基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮。在螺旋盖烧瓶中合并4-((顺式)-4-甲氧基环己基)-6-(三甲基甲锡烷基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮0.292g,0.687mmol)、3-溴-2-甲基-6-(1-(四氢-2H-吡喃-2-基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)吡啶(0.244g,0.756mmol)、三(二苯亚甲基丙酮)二钯(0.063g,0.069mmol)、三-o-甲苯基膦(0.042g,0.137mmol)、三乙胺(0.287mL,2.061mmol)和二甲基甲酰胺(5.0mL)并加热至达1小时。减压浓缩该溶液,用Biotage层析(含于己烷的0-80%乙酸乙酯,然后为含于乙酸乙酯的0-10%甲醇)纯化提供标题化合物(0.279g,0.687mmol,80%产率)。MS(ESI)m/z505.6[M+1]+。
H.4-((顺式)-4-甲氧基环己基)-6-(2-甲基-6-(4H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)吡啶-3-基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮。用乙醇(15mL)和氯化氢(4.0N,含于二噁烷,5mL)稀释4-((顺式)-4-甲氧基环己基)-6-(2-甲基-6-(4-(四氢-2H-吡喃-2-基)-4H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)吡啶-3-基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮(0.279g,0.553mmol)。将溶液在75℃下搅拌1小时,并在80℃下搅拌2小时。将溶液浓缩至浆状,用乙醇稀释,并超声震荡。过滤沉淀物,用额外的乙醇洗涤,然后用乙腈洗涤。采用反相半制备HPLC(10-100%乙腈+含于水的0.1%TFA+0.1%TFA,历时30min)纯化粗产物以提供标题化合物。1H NMR(400MHz,甲醇-d4)δ(ppm)7.88-8.13(m,2H),7.65(s,1H),4.58(s,1H),4.16(s,2H),3.47(br.s.,1H),3.22-3.32(m,66H),2.73(s,3H),2.08(br.s.,2H),1.91(br.s.,2H),1.56(br.s.,4H);MS(ESI)m/z 421.2[M+1]+;mp 192-195℃。
实施例14:1-异丙基-7-(2-甲基-6-(4H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)吡啶-3-基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮
A.1-异丙基-7-(三甲基甲锡烷基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮。在具有搅拌棒的可密封容器内合并7-溴-1-异丙基-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮(参见实施例7.B)(0.5g,1.844mmol)、六甲基二锡(0.725g,2.213mmol)、四(三苯基膦)钯(0)(0.213g,0.184mmol)和1,4-二噁烷(3mL)。向溶液中通氮气。密封容器,剧烈搅拌并在100℃下加热2小时。用乙酸乙酯稀释所得的浑浊黑色混合物,过滤并用乙酸乙酯充分洗涤滤饼。减压浓缩滤出液并用硅胶快速柱层析(含于己烷的20-80%乙酸乙酯)纯化提供成为米黄色固体的所需产物(2.410g,77%产率)。MS(ESI)m/z 357.4[M+2]+
B.1-异丙基-7-(2-甲基-6-(4-(四氢-2H-吡喃-2-基)-4H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)吡啶-3-基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮。向烧瓶中添加3-溴-2-甲基-6-(1-(四氢-2H-吡喃-2-基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)吡啶(0.446g,1.380mmol)、1-异丙基-7-(三甲基甲锡烷基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮(0.490g,1.380mmol)、三(二苯亚甲基丙酮)二钯(0)(0.139g,0.152mmol)、三-o-甲苯基膦(0.092g,0.304mmol)、三乙胺(0.577mL,4.14mmol)和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(3mL)。向反应混合物中鼓氮气5分钟,并将该混合物加热至100℃达1小时。冷却至室温后,通过Celite过滤该反应混合物,用甲醇洗涤并浓缩至干燥。通过硅胶快速层析(含于己烷的0-80%乙酸乙酯,然后是含于二氯甲烷的0-10%甲醇)纯化所得的残留物以获得所需产物(0.40g,0.921mmol,66.7%产率)。MS(ESI)m/z435.5[M+1]+。
C.1-异丙基-7-(2-甲基-6-(4H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)吡啶-3-基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮。在50℃下向含于乙醇(40mL)的1-异丙基-7-(2-甲基-6-(4-(四氢-2H-吡喃-2-基)-4H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)吡啶-3-基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮(0.400g,0.921mmol)混合物添加氯化氢(4M,含于二噁烷,1.381mL,5.52mmol)。在50℃和氮气下加热所得的混合物1小时。减压浓缩悬浮液,将所得的固体投入二甲亚砜,采用硅胶层析(含于二氯甲烷的0-10%氨饱和甲醇)纯化提供成为红棕色固体的标题化合物(0.200g,0.571mmol,62.0%产率)。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ(ppm)8.10(br.s.,1H),8.01(br.s.,2H),7.92(s,1H),5.26(quin,J=6.93Hz,1H),4.14(s,2H),3.58(d,J=5.08Hz,3H),1.47(d,J=6.64Hz,6H);MS(ESI)m/z 351.5[M+1]+。
D.1-异丙基-7-(2-甲基-6-(4H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)吡啶-3-基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮(替代性步骤)。在二噁烷中合并7-溴-1-异丙基-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮(1当量)、双(戊酰)二硼)(1当量)、乙酸钾(3当量)和双(1,1'-双(联苯基膦基)二茂铁)钯(0.01当量),用氮气脱气并在氮气下加热至95℃。用乙酸乙酯稀释,通过Celite过滤,浓缩,用乙酸乙酯和己烷研磨,过滤,并干燥得到60%产率的硼酸酯。在(3:1)二甲基乙酰胺和水中合并3-(5-溴-6-甲基吡啶-2-基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-羧酸叔丁酯(1当量)、1-异丙基-7-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧硼戊环-2-基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮(1.2当量)、四(三苯基膦)钯(0)(0.05当量)、碳酸钠(3当量)。将混合物脱气,并加热至100℃过夜。通过标准乙酸乙酯/水处理和后续用乙酸乙酯研磨得到41%产率的所需的产物。
实施例15:7-(1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-5-基)-1-(2-(四氢-2h-吡喃-4-基)乙基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮
A.2-(5-溴-3-(2-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)乙氨基)吡嗪-2-氨基)乙酸乙酯。将2-(3,5-二溴吡嗪-2-氨基)乙酸乙酯(参见实施例6.B)(1.0g,2.95mmol)和2-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)乙胺(0.381g,2.95mmol)置于微波小瓶中,添加二甲亚砜(2mL),在Biotage EmrysOptimizer微波反应器中将所得的混合物在150℃下加热3600s.。用硅胶层析(含于己烷的33%乙酸乙酯)纯化该粗制反应混合物得到标题化合物(0.5g,1.3mmol,44%产率)。MS(ESI)m/z 387.1[M]+,389.1[M+2]+。
B.7-溴-1-(2-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)乙基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮。在乙醇(2mL)中合并2-(5-溴-3-(2-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)乙氨基)吡嗪-2-氨基)乙酸乙酯(0.5g,1.291mmol)和盐酸(6M,含于水中,0.215mL,1.291mmol),在Biotage EmrysOptimizer微波反应器中将所得的混合物在100℃下加热2400秒。浓缩该反应混合物,采用硅胶层析(含于己烷的33%乙酸乙酯)纯化获得标题化合物(定量产率)。MS(ESI)m/z 341.1[M]+,343.1[M+2]+。
C.1-(2-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)乙基)-7-(三甲基甲锡烷基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮。向含有二噁烷(5mL)的密封管投入7-溴-1-(2-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)乙基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮(0.4g,1.29mmol)、六甲基二锡(0.57g,1.75mmol)和四(三苯基膦)钯(0)(0.2g,0.176mmol)。排空烧瓶,充氮气,密封并在110℃下加热1小时。将反应混合物冷却至室温,并通过Celite过滤,用乙酸乙酯洗涤。浓缩滤出液并用小体积溶剂混合物(含于乙酸乙酯的50%己烷)超声,通过过滤分离获得标题化合物(0.34g,0.8mmol,54.6%产率)。MS(ESI)m/z 427[M+2]+。
D.7-(1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-5-基)-1-(2-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)乙基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮。在密封管内合并1-(2-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)乙基)-7-(三甲基甲锡烷基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮(1.0g,2.352mmol)、5-溴-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶(0.556g,2.82mmol)、三(二苯亚甲基丙酮)钯(0)(0.237g,0.259mmol)、三-o-甲苯基膦(0.158g,0.518mmol)和三乙胺(0.984mL,7.06mmol),添加二甲基甲酰胺(5mL)。真空去除容器中的气体并用氮气替换。将反应物加热至100℃达1小时。冷却至室温后,通过Celite过滤反应混合物。用乙酸乙酯洗涤滤饼。合并洗液和滤出液并浓缩至接近干燥。在热甲醇中熔解所得的固体,用Celite过滤并用反相制备HPLC(5-80%乙腈+含于水的0.1%TFA+0.1%TFA,历时30min)纯化。收集澄清组分,用氢氧化铵中和并浓缩至干燥。过滤所得的固体,用水洗涤并在高真空下干燥获得标题化合物(0.10g,0.264mmol,11.2%产率)。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ(ppm)11.71(br.s.,1H),8.81(s,1H),8.44(s,1H),8.26(s,1H),7.49(d,J=10.54Hz,2H),6.48(br.s.,1H),4.18(s,2H),4.13(t,J=6.44Hz,2H),3.82(d,J=12.89Hz,2H),3.27(t,J=11.13Hz,2H),1.71(d,J=12.49Hz,2H),1.60(br.s.,3H),1.24(d,2H);MS(ESI)m/z 379.2[M+1]+;mp 255-258℃
实施例16:6-(6-(2-羟基丙烷-2-基)吡啶-3-基)-4-((四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)甲基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮
A.6-溴-4-((四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)甲基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮。将N-(3,5-二溴吡嗪-2-基)-2-碘代乙酰胺(参见实施例5.B)(8.0g,19.01mmol)、(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)甲胺(2.63g,22.81mmol)和二异丙基乙胺(6.64mL,38.0mmol)置于250mL圆底烧瓶中,悬浮于乙腈(80.0mL)并加热至40℃达16小时。过滤所得的白色沉淀物,用乙腈洗涤,然后用己烷洗涤,真空干燥提供标题化合物(4.89g,14.95mmol,79%产率)。MS(ESI)m/z327.4[M]+,329.5[M+2]+。
B.6-(6-(2-羟基丙烷-2-基)吡啶-3-基)-4-((四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)甲基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮。在密封管内合并6-溴-4-((四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)甲基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮(35.98g,110mmol)、2-(5-(三甲基甲锡烷基)吡啶-2-基)丙烷-2-醇(参见实施例5.E)(33.0g,110mmol)以及[1,1'-双(联苯基-膦基)二茂铁]二氯-钯(II)与二氯甲烷的络合物(1:1)(8.05g,11.00mmol),并悬浮于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(288mL)。然后将反应加热至125℃达2小时。略微冷却反应物,并在温热时加载在硅胶柱上,并采用Biotage SP1(含于己烷的0-100%(含于乙酸乙酯的5%甲醇))纯化。合并所需的组分,减压去除有机挥发物。用含于己烷的20%乙酸乙酯研磨残留物,然后用变形乙醇洗涤数次。在减压下干燥浅黄色固体以提供所需的化合物(15.08g,39.3mmol,35.8%产率)。1HNMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ(ppm)11.32(s,1H),9.07(d,J=1.56Hz,1H),8.29(dd,J=8.59,2.34Hz,1H),8.05(s,1H),7.72(d,J=8.20Hz,1H),5.26(s,1H),4.21(s,2H),3.83(d,J=2.73Hz,2H),3.51(d,J=7.42Hz,2H),3.27(t,J=11.32Hz,2H),2.09(br.s.,1H),1.61(d,J=11.3Hz,2H),1.46(s,6H),1.24-1.38(m,2H);MS(ESI)m/z 384.2[M+1]+;mp 268-269℃。
实施例17:7-(6-(2-羟基丙烷-2-基)吡啶-3-基)-1-(2-甲氧基乙基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮
A.7-溴-1-(2-甲氧基乙基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮。将2-(3,5-二溴吡嗪-2-氨基)乙酸乙酯(参见实施例1.C)(1当量)、2-甲氧基乙胺(1当量)、二异丙基乙胺(3当量)悬浮于二甲亚砜,并在Emrys Biotage微波反应器中150℃下加热1小时。通过标准乙酸乙酯/水处理获得粗制物质,将其悬浮于99.7%乙酸中。密封反应物,加热至120℃并搅拌2小时。用乙酸乙酯萃取反应物。汇集有机层,依次用饱和重碳酸钠和盐水洗涤并用硫酸镁干燥。浓缩并快速柱层析(含于己烷的0-100%乙酸乙酯),两步的产率为27%MS(ESI)m/z 287.4[M]+,289.4[M+2]+。
B.7-(6-(2-羟基丙烷-2-基)吡啶-3-基)-1-(2-甲氧基乙基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮。将7-溴-1-(2-甲氧基乙基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮(1当量)、2-(5-(三甲基甲锡烷基)吡啶-2-基)丙烷-2-醇(参见实施例5.E)(1当量)和二氯双(三苯基膦)-钯(II)(0.2当量)悬浮于二甲基甲酰胺。向反应中吹氮气,并加热至140℃达2小时。将反应物冷却至室温,通过Celite过滤并用乙酸乙酯洗涤。减压去除挥发物,采用硅胶柱层析(含于己烷的0-100%(含于乙酸乙酯的5%甲醇))纯化所得的紫色浆液。合并所需的组分,减压去除有机挥发物。用含于己烷的5%乙酸乙酯研磨固体,并用己烷洗涤以38%产率提供所需产物。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ(ppm)9.02(d,J=1.6Hz,1H),8.27(s,1H),8.24(dd,J=8.6,2.3Hz,1H),7.71(d,J=0.8Hz,1H),7.69(s,1H),5.25(s,1H),4.28(t,J=6.2Hz,2H),4.20(d,2H),3.60(t,J=6.2Hz,2H),3.26(s,3H),1.46(s,6H);MS(ESI)m/z344.3[M+1]+。
实施例18:7-(1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-4-基)-1-[2-(四氢-吡喃-4-基)-乙基]-3,4-二氢-1H-吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2-酮
A.7-(1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-4-基)-1-[2-(四氢-吡喃-4-基)-乙基]-3,4-二氢-1H-吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2-酮。将1-(2-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)乙基)-7-(三甲基甲锡烷基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮(参见实施例15.C)(1当量)、4-溴-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-羧酸叔丁基酯(1当量)、三(二苯亚甲基丙酮)钯(0.13当量)、三-o-甲苯基膦(0.25当量)和三乙胺(2.8当量)在无水二噁烷中的混合物清洗并脱气2分钟,并在和氮气下搅拌3-4小时。由TLC指示反应完全后,减压去除挥发物,通过柱层析纯化残留物以35%产率提供所需产物。MS(ESI)m/z 479.7[M+1]+。在甲醇盐酸化物溶液中室温搅拌叔丁基4-(7-氧-8-(2-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2-基)-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-羧酸酯。由TLC指示反应完全后,减压去除溶剂,通过硅胶纯化残留物以63%产率提供标题化合物。1H NMR(DMSO-d6,400MHz)δ(ppm)11.72(s,1H),8.38(s,1H),8.25(d,J=4.8Hz,1H),7.79(s,1H),7.53-7.51(m,2H),6.97(q,J=1.6Hz,1H),4.23(s,2H),4.14(t,J=7.6Hz,2H),3.81(dd,J1=2.4Hz,J2=11.2Hz,2H),3.25(d,J=10.8Hz,2H),1.67(d,J=13.2Hz,2H),1.61(m,3H),1.22(m,2H);MS(ESI):m/z 379.2[M+1]+。
实施例19:1-(2-甲氧基乙基)-7-(2-甲基-6-(4H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)吡啶-3-基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮
A.1-(2-甲氧基乙基)-7-(三甲基甲锡烷基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮。在1,4-二噁烷(20mL)中合并7-溴-1-(2-甲氧基乙基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮(参见实施例17.A)(0.5g,1.741mmol)、1,1,1,2,2,2-六甲基二锡烷(0.856g,2.61mmol)和四(三苯基膦)钯(0)(0.201g,0.174mmol)并在140℃下加热2小时。将所得的混合物冷却至室温,用乙酸乙酯稀释并通过Celite过滤。减压浓缩该滤出液。快速层析(含于己烷的0-30%乙酸乙酯)得到成为无色油的所需产物(0.5g,1.34mmol,77%产率)。MS(ESI)m/z373.0[M+2]+。
B.1-(2-甲氧基乙基)-7-(2-甲基-6-(4H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)吡啶-3-基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮。在75mL可密封烧瓶中合并1-(2-甲氧基乙基)-7-(三甲基甲锡烷基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮(0.5g,1.348mmol)、3-溴-2-甲基-6-(1-(四氢-2H-吡喃-2-基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)吡啶(0.436g,1.348mmol)、三(二苯亚甲基丙酮)二钯(0)(0.123g,0.135mmol)、三-o-甲苯基膦(0.082g,0.270mmol)、三乙胺(0.584mL、4.04mmol)和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(10mL),去除烧瓶中的空气并用氮气置换。在130℃下搅拌该混合物3小时。将所得的混合物冷却至室温并过滤。减压浓缩有机层。用甲醇和二甲亚砜稀释所得的残留物,过滤并用反相制备HPLC(10-30%乙腈+含于水的0.1%TFA+0.1%TFA,历时30min)纯化。将含澄清产物的组分通过Phenomenex Strata-X-C固相萃取柱。依次用水、乙腈、甲醇和含于甲醇的5%氢氧化铵洗柱。用含于甲醇洗脱液的5%氢氧化铵洗脱产物并减压浓缩。用含于己烷的乙醚研磨残留物以获得细粉末,并在50℃下真空干燥提供成为白色固体的所需产物(0.05g,0.136mmol,10%产率)。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ(ppm)8.10(br.s.,1H),7.98(br.s.,1H),7.94(s,1H),7.73(br.s.,1H),4.13-4.28(m,4H),3.55(t,J=6.25Hz,2H),3.24(s,3H),2.70(br.s.,3H);MS(ESI)m/z 367.2[M+1]+。
实施例20:6-(4-(4H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)苯基)-4-乙基-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮盐酸化物
A.6-溴-4-乙基-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮。向2-溴-N-(3,5-二溴吡嗪-2-基)乙酰胺(参见实施例4.A)(1当量)和二异丙基乙胺(3当量)的乙腈溶液添加乙胺盐酸化物(1.05当量)。将该溶液加热至70℃达30分钟。减压浓缩该溶液并采用柱层析(含于己烷的0-75%乙酸乙酯)纯化提供36%产率的标题化合物。MS(ESI)m/z 257.5[M]+,259.4[M+2]+。
B.4-乙基-6-(4-(4-(四氢-2H-吡喃-2-基)-4H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)苯基)-3,4-二氢-吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮。在1,4-二噁烷中合并6-溴-4-乙基-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮(1.1当量)、4-(四氢-2H-吡喃-2-基)-3-(4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧硼戊环-2-基)苯基)-4H-1,2,4-三唑(1当量)和二氯[1,1'-双(联苯基膦基)二茂铁]钯(II)二氯甲烷(0.05当量)后添加含于水的碳酸钠(3当量)。将该溶液在Biotage EmrysOptimizer微波反应器内加热至120℃达30分钟。减压浓缩该溶液并采用柱层析(含于乙酸乙酯的0-10%甲醇)纯化提供45%产率的标题化合物。MS(ESI)m/z 406.6[M+1]+。
C.6-(4-(4H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)苯基)-4-乙基-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮盐酸化物。用含于二噁烷的2N氯化氢处理含于乙醇的4-乙基-6-(4-(4-(四氢-2H-吡喃-2-基)-4H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)苯基)-3,4-二氢吡嗪并[2,3-b]吡嗪-2(1H)-酮。在75℃下搅拌该溶液1小时。部分浓缩该溶液并冷却。向该浆液添加冷乙醇,过滤所得的沉淀物,并用额外的冷乙醇洗涤,然后用己烷洗涤,从而以82%产率提供作为盐酸盐的标题化合物。1HNMR(400MHz,甲醇-d4)δ(ppm)9.18(s,1H),8.22(d,J=8.59Hz,2H),8.04-8.09(m,3H),7.66-7.74(m,1H),7.58-7.64(m,1H),4.24(s,2H),3.74(q,J=7.03Hz,2H),1.29(t,J=7.03Hz,4H),0.79-0.98(m,4H);MS(ESI)m/z 322.2[M+1]+。
砌块合成
以下的砌块可按下文的制备方法或本领域已知的变化方式制备和使用。
4-溴-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-羧酸叔丁酯
A.4-溴-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶。在0℃下将三氟甲基磺酸酐(9.3g,33mmol)溶液逐滴添加至1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶7-氧化物(3g,22mmol)和四丁基溴化铵(10.8g,33mmol)在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(30mL)中的混合物中。将所得的混合物在0℃下搅拌4小时,并室温过夜。用水淬灭反应并用1N氢氧化钾中和至pH=7。用亚甲基氯和异丙醇的混合物(30mL,Vm:Vp=4:1)萃取所得的混合物两次。合并有机层,用无水硫酸钠干燥,浓缩并通过反相制备HPLC(0-30%:乙腈+含于水的0.1%TFA+0.1%TFA,历时15min.)纯化得到标题化合物(1.5g,34.3%产率)。MS(ESI)m/z 196.8[M+1]+,198.8[M+3]+。
B.4-溴-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-羧酸叔丁酯。将4-溴-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶(250mg,1.26mmol)、二碳酸二叔丁酯(302mg,1.38mmol)、二甲基-吡啶-4-基-胺(7.6mg,0.06mmol)和三乙胺(127mg,1.26mmol)在无水亚甲基氯(15mL)中的混合物室温搅拌3小时。由TLC指示反应完全后,减压去除挥发物,通过硅胶柱层析(含于石油醚的9-25%乙酸乙酯)纯化残留物得到成为油的所需产物(230mg,61%产率)。MS(ESI)m/z 242.9[M-56+1]+
1-(四氢-2H-吡喃-2-基)-4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧硼戊环-2-基)-1H-吲唑
A.4-溴-1H-吲唑。在0℃下向3-溴-2-甲基苯胺(5g,27mmol)含于氯仿(1mL)的溶液添加乙酸酐(5g,27mmol),将混合物在室温下搅拌1小时。添加乙酸钾(0.75g,7.8mmol)和亚硝酸异戊酯(0.78g,58mmol),将反应混合物回流18小时。减压去除挥发物,添加水(0.65mL)。浓缩该混合物,用浓盐酸(1mL)稀释并在50℃下加热2小时。冷却至室温后,添加氢氧化钾水溶液(50%)直至pH=10。用乙酸乙酯(100mL×3)萃取水性混合物。用盐水(150mL)洗涤合并的有机层,用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,蒸发并在硅胶柱(含于石油醚的3%乙酸乙酯)上纯化提供成为固体的所需产物(2.69g,34%产率)。MS(ESI):m/z 197.0[M+1]+。
B.4-溴-1-(四氢-吡喃-2-基)-1H-吲唑。将4-溴-1H-吲唑(1.82g,9.24mmol)、3,4-二氢-2H-吡喃(1.55g,18.48mmol)和甲苯-4-磺酸(0.26g,1.39mmol)在无水四氢呋喃(40mL)中的溶液在80℃和氮气下加热过夜。减压去除溶剂,在硅胶柱(含于石油醚的3%乙酸乙酯)上纯化提供成为黄色固体的标题化合物(2.13g,81%产率)。MS(ESI):m/z 280.9[M+1]+。
C.1-(四氢-吡喃-2-基)-4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-[1,3,2]二氧硼戊环-2-基)-1H-吲唑。将4-溴-1-(四氢-吡喃-2-基)-1H-吲唑(2.13g,7.45mmol)、双(戊酰)二硼(3.73g,14.9mmol)、磷酸钾(2.70g,12.67mmol)、乙酸钯(0.174g 0.75mmol)和三苯基膦(0.59g,2.24mmol)在1,2-二甲氧基-乙烷(50mL)中的脱气混合物在100℃和氮气下加热过夜。冷却至室温后,过滤反应混合物,减压浓缩并在硅胶柱(含于石油醚的10-30%乙酸乙酯)上纯化提供成为固体的产物(1.83g,74%产率)。MS(ESI):m/z 329.2[M+1]+。
3-(4-溴-2-氟-3-甲基苯基)-4-(四氢-2h-吡喃-2-基)-4H-1,2,4-三唑
A.4-溴-3-氟-2-甲基苯胺。在0-5℃下向搅拌中的3-氟-2-甲基苯胺(25g,200mmol)在乙酸(140mL)中的溶液添加溴化氢(100mL,200mmol),然后缓慢逐滴添加二甲亚砜(72mL)(该反应放热,且在高于5-15℃的温度下生成二溴异构体)。将混合物在5-15℃下搅拌12小时(混合物成为澄清溶液)。将所得的溶液冷却至0℃,并依次用氢氧化钾和重碳酸钠中和至pH 7。用乙酸乙酯萃取该混合物。减压浓缩有机层。快速层析(含于己烷的0-10%乙酸乙酯)得到成为白色固体的所需产物(23.3g,114mmol,57%产率)。1H NMR(400MHz,氯FORM-d)δ(ppm)7.11(t,J=8.20Hz,1H),6.35(d,J=8.98Hz,1H),3.72(br.s.,2H),2.07(d,J=1.95Hz,3H)。
B.4-氨基-2-氟-3-甲基苯基氰。将4-溴-3-氟-2-甲基苯胺(23g,113mmol)和氰化铜(20.19g,225mmol)N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(200mL)的混合物加热至140℃达7小时。在混合物冷却至室温后过滤并注入含有水和乙酸乙酯(1:1)的分液漏斗。分层,减压浓缩有机层。快速层析(含于己烷的0-50%乙酸乙酯)得到成为褐色固体的所需产物(11.4g,76mmol,67%产率)。1H NMR(400MHz,氯FORM-d)δ(ppm)7.22(t,1H),6.45(d,J=8.59Hz,1H),4.23(br.s.,2H),2.07(s,3H);MS(ESI)m/z 151.1[M+1]+。
C.4-溴-2-氟-3-甲基苯基氰。搅拌二甲亚砜(400mL)和亚硝酸钾(22.67g,266mmol)的混合物以溶解亚硝酸钾,并添加4-氨基-2-氟-3-甲基苯基氰(10g,66.6mmol)和溴化铜(I)(1.911g,13.32mmol)。逐滴添加用二甲亚砜(200mL)稀释的水性48%溴化氢(33mL,266mmol),并搅拌反应物2小时。起始原料转化完全后,将反应混合物注入冰冷水中,并用冷的浓缩氢氧化钾中和至pH 7。过滤收集所得的固体以得到成为白色固体的所需产物(11.4g,53.3mmol,80%产率)。1H NMR(400MHz,氯FORM-d)δ(ppm)7.47(d,J=9.37Hz,1H),7.33(t,1H),2.39(d,J=2.34Hz,3H)。
D.4-溴-2-氟-3-甲基苯甲酰胺。将在100mL TFA-硫酸(4:1,V/V)混合物中的4-溴-2-氟-3-甲基苯基氰(11g,51.4mmol)在40℃下搅拌16小时。起始原料完全转化后,将反应混合物注入冰冷水中。过滤所得的固体,用水洗涤,干燥得到成为白色固体的所需产物(11.24g,48.4mmol,94%产率)。MS(ESI)m/z 234.1[M+2]+。
E.3-(4-溴-2-氟-3-甲基苯基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑。在具有搅拌棒的100mL圆底烧瓶中合并4-溴-2-氟-3-甲基苯甲酰胺(11g,47.4mmol)和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺二甲基缩醛(60mL)并在55℃下于回流冷凝器和氮气下加热3小时。减压浓缩所得的混合物,真空干燥得到黄色油,其可不经纯化用于下一步骤。在0℃下用乙酸(60mL)稀释残留物并逐滴添加一水合肼(20mL),室温搅拌5小时。起始原料转化完全后,将反应混合物注入冰冷水中,并用冰冷的浓缩氢氧化钾中和至pH 7。真空过滤收集所得的固体。将固体溶解于乙酸乙酯(400mL),并搅拌15分钟,过滤不溶性固体,用硫酸镁干燥滤出液,过滤,减压浓缩并真空干燥提供褐色纯固体(4.3g,16.79mmol,35%产率),其可不经纯化用于下一步骤。1H NMR(400MHz,氯FORM-d)δ(ppm)8.12(s,1H),7.97(t,J=8.00Hz,1H),7.52(d,J=8.59Hz,1H),2.44(d,3H)。
F.3-(4-溴-2-氟-3-甲基苯基)-4-(四氢-2H-吡喃-2-基)-4H-1,2,4-三唑。将甲磺酸(0.090mL,1.390mmol)添加至搅拌中的3-(4-溴-2-氟-3-甲基苯基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑(7.0g,27.3mmol)和3,4-二氢-2H-吡喃(12.68mL,139mmol)在四氢呋喃(33mL)中的溶液。将所得的混合物在85℃下且在回流冷凝器和氮气下搅拌20小时。用乙酸乙酯稀释混合物并用饱和重碳酸钠水溶液和盐水洗涤。用硫酸镁干燥有机层,过滤并减压浓缩。采用快速层析(含于己烷的20-30-50%乙酸乙酯)纯化残留物。合并含有产物的组分,减压去除溶剂以提供成为黄色固体的所需产物(8.8g,95%产率)。MS(ESI)m/z 340.0[M]+
3-(4-溴-2-氟苯基)-4h-1,2,4-三唑
A.4-溴-2-氟苯甲酰胺。将4-溴-2-氟苯基氰(10.0g,50.0mmol)在70mL TFA(56.0mL,727mmol)-硫酸(14.0mL,263mmol)(4:1V/V)混合物中的溶液在40℃下搅拌16小时。将温热的反应物倾倒入冰水。沉淀产物,过滤固体并干燥得到成为白色固体的4-溴-2-氟苯甲酰胺(9.53g,43.7mmol,87%产率)。MS(ESI)m/z 218.1[M]+,220.1[M+2]+。
B.3-(4-溴-2-氟苯基)-4H-1,2,4-三唑。在500mL圆底烧瓶中合并4-溴-2-氟苯甲酰胺(9.53g,43.7mmol)和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺二甲基缩醛(75.0mL)并吹氮气。将反应加热至85℃下回流2小时。减压浓缩所的的混合物并真空干燥得到黄色油。将该油悬浮于浓缩乙酸(75.0mL)中并冷却至0℃。逐滴添加肼水合物(21.88g,437mmol),将混合物在室温下搅拌5小时。将温热反应物倾倒在冰上并用二氯甲烷(3×200mL)萃取。减压去除有机挥发物提供成为白色固体的3-(4-溴-2-氟苯基)-4H-1,2,4-三唑(7.20g,29.7mmol,68.1%产率)。MS(ESI)m/z 241.9[M]+,243.9[M+2]+。
2-(4-甲基-5-(三甲基甲锡烷基)吡啶-2-基)丙烷-2-醇
A.2-(5-溴-4-甲基吡啶-2-基)丙烷-2-醇。将2,5-二溴-4-甲基吡啶(4.0g,15.94mmol)溶解于甲苯(60.0mL)并将反应物冷却至-78℃。逐滴添加丁基锂(7.01mL,17.54mmol),将反应物搅拌30分钟。然后添加丙酮(4.69mL,63.8mmol),使反应物升温至室温并搅拌16小时。用饱和氯化铵淬灭反应,萃取进入乙酸乙酯(3×200mL),先后用水和盐水洗涤。用硫酸镁干燥有机物,减压去除挥发物。在硅胶柱(含于己烷的0-50%乙酸乙酯)上纯化该化合物提供2-(5-溴-4-甲基吡啶-2-基)丙烷-2-醇(2.33g,10.13mmol,63.5%产率)。MS(ESI)m/z 230.3[M]+,232.3[M+2]+。
B.2-(4-甲基-5-(三甲基甲锡烷基)吡啶-2-基)丙烷-2-醇。将2-(5-溴-4-甲基吡啶-2-基)丙烷-2-醇(2.33g,10.13mmol)和四(三苯基膦)钯(0)(1.045g,1.013mmol)添加至压力管中,并悬浮于1,4-二噁烷(33.8mL)。然后添加1,1,1,2,2,2-六甲基二锡烷(2.99mL,12.15mmol),并加热至150℃达30分钟。使反应冷却至室温,通过celite过滤并用乙酸乙酯洗涤。减压去除有机挥发物,然后用乙酸乙酯(3×200mL)和水萃取。减压去除有机挥发物,采用硅胶柱层析在Biotage柱(含于己烷的10-50%乙酸乙酯)上纯化提供2-(4-甲基-5-(三甲基甲锡烷基)吡啶-2-基)丙烷-2-醇(1.75g,5.57mmol,55.0%产率)。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ(ppm)8.31(s,1H),7.51(s,1H),5.25(br.s.,1H),2.37(s,3H),1.41(s,6H),0.65(br.s.,3H),0.34(s,6H)。
3-(5-溴-6-甲基吡啶-2-基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-羧酸叔丁酯
A.5-溴-6-甲基氰基吡啶。向配备了机械搅拌子和氮气入口的1L三口圆底烧瓶中装入3,6-二溴-2-甲基吡啶(150g,0.59mol)、氰化铜(I)(42.8g,0.47mol)和氰化钠(23g,0.47mol)。向该混合物添加N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(300mL)。将混合物加热至95℃,并搅拌48小时。将反应混合物冷却至环境温度,并在搅拌下注入乙醇(3L)。通过Celite垫过滤该混合物,减压浓缩该滤出液,并在水(3L)和乙酸乙酯(3L)之间分配。分离有机层,用盐水(2×600mL)洗涤,用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤并浓缩。通过硅胶塞(含于己烷的0–5%乙酸乙酯)纯化粗制产物提供成为白色固体的产物(61.5g,45%产率)。此外,分离19.32g(14%)该起始原料和产物的混合物。
B.5-溴-6-甲基吡啶甲酸腙酰胺。在500-mL三口圆底烧瓶中装入5-溴-6-甲基氰基吡啶(101.5g,0.515mol)、乙醇(122mL)和肼水合物(50mL,1.03mol)。将所得的极为粘稠的混合物在环境温度下搅拌24小时。添加更多的乙醇(50mL),将混合物搅拌至周末。过滤该混合物,用冷乙醇(100mL)和冷己烷(50mL)洗涤。在真空炉中干燥该固体,以提供成为米色固体的产物(110g,93%产率)。
C.3-溴-2-甲基-6-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)吡啶。将配备了机械搅拌子、热电偶的500-mL三口圆底烧瓶连接至J-KEM温控器和回流冷凝器。向烧瓶中装入5-溴-6-甲基吡啶甲酸腙酰胺(100g,0.463mol)和甲酸(250mL)。将所得的溶液加热至100℃并搅拌48小时。减压去除甲酸,用(1.5L)水处理所得的浆液,同时剧烈搅拌。过滤混合物并以水(300m L)洗涤。将固体转移进入圆底烧瓶并用水(1L)和1M氢氧化钾溶液处理直至pH 7。将混合物搅拌30分钟,过滤,用水(300mL)洗涤并在真空炉中30-35℃下干燥48小时以提供成为白色固体的产物(96g,92%产率)。
D.3-溴-2-甲基-6-(1-(四氢-2H-吡喃-2-基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)吡啶。向3-溴-2-甲基-6-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)吡啶(96.0g,0.4mol)在四氢呋喃(780mL)中的悬浮液添加3,4-二氢-2H-吡喃(72.5mL,0.8mol)和甲磺酸(3.2mL)。将混合物加热至65℃,将所得的黄色溶液在65℃下搅拌6小时。将混合物冷却至环境温度,用三乙胺(23mL)淬灭,减压浓缩并在高真空下进一步干燥1小时。将所得的油溶解于乙腈(250mL),并将该溶液在剧烈搅拌下加入水(750mL)中。添加更多的乙腈(80mL),将该混合物搅拌1小时。过滤所得的固体,用1:4乙腈/水(800mL)洗涤,在真空炉中干燥48小时以提供成为白色固体的产物(110g,85%产率)。将产物通过硅胶塞(1:1己烷/乙酸乙酯)进一步纯化提供88g成为白色固体的纯产物和16.2g纯度较低的产物。MS(ESI)m/z239.1[M]+,241.1[M+2]+。
E.3-(5-溴-6-甲基吡啶-2-基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-羧酸叔丁酯。向3-溴-2-甲基-6-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)吡啶(300g,1.25mol)在二噁烷(4L)中的混合物添加碳酸钠(398g,3.75mol),然后添加水(4L)。添加化合物二碳酸二叔丁酯(274g,1.25mol),并将混合物在室温下搅拌1小时。然后用冷水(约10L)稀释混合物,用乙酸乙酯(4L×3)萃取。用盐水洗涤合并的乙酸乙酯层,用硫酸钠干燥,过滤并浓缩提供成为浅黄色固体的产物(254g,60%产率)。
4-(四氢-2H-吡喃-2-基)-3-(4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧硼戊环-2-基)苯基)-4h-1,2,4-三唑
A.4-溴苯甲亚胺酸乙酯盐酸盐。将4-溴苯基氰(17.65g,97mmol)的乙醇(500mL)溶液在0℃下用氯化氢气体酸化十五分钟。将该溶液搅拌16小时。减压浓缩该溶液以提供标题化合物(25.35g,99%)。MS(ESI)m/z 228.1[M]+,230.4[M+2]+。
B.3-(4-溴苯基)-4H-1,2,4-三唑。在螺旋盖烧瓶中合并4-溴苯甲亚胺酸乙酯盐酸盐(35.6g,135mmol)、甲酸酰肼(16.16g,269mmol)和三乙胺(75mL,538mmol)并加热至85℃达16小时。减压浓缩该溶液以提供固体,将其在水和乙酸乙酯(3×)之间分配,用硫酸镁干燥,减压除去溶剂。用含于己烷的20%乙酸乙酯超声所得固体,过滤并干燥以提供标题化合物(14.6g,65.2mmol,48%产率)。MS(ESI)m/z 224.1[M]+,226.1[M+2]+。
C.3-(4-溴苯基)-4-(四氢-2H-吡喃-2-基)-4H-1,2,4-三唑。将3-(4-溴苯基)-4H-1,2,4-三唑(14.1g,62.9mmol)、3,4-二氢-2H-吡喃(10.59mmol)和甲磺酸(1.19g,6.29mmol)在四氢呋喃(150mL)中的溶液在75℃下加热2小时。浓缩该溶液并在重碳酸钠溶液和乙酸乙酯(3X)之间分配,用硫酸镁干燥有机物,过滤并减压去除溶剂。用含于己烷的10%乙酸乙酯研磨固体以提供标题化合物(8.1g,26.3mmol,70%产率)。MS(ESI)m/z 308.4[M]+,310.5[M+2]+。
D.4-(四氢-2H-吡喃-2-基)-3-(4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧硼戊环-2-基)苯基)-4H-1,2,4-三唑。在二甲基甲酰胺(100mL)中合并3-(4-溴苯基)-4-(四氢-2H-吡喃-2-基)-4H-1,2,4-三唑(8.1g,26.3mmol)、双(戊酰)二硼(6.67g,26.3mmol)和醋酸钾(10.32g,105mmol)。用氮气向该溶液吹2分钟。然后添加二氯[1,1'-双(联苯基膦基)二茂铁]钯(II)二氯甲烷(1.07g,1.31mmol),将该溶液加热至100℃达16小时。通过celite过滤该溶液,减压浓缩滤出液以提供深色的油。通过Biotage层析(含于己烷的0-70%乙酸乙酯)纯化该油以在干燥时提供固体。用己烷稀释该固体,过滤并干燥以提供标题化合物(7.1g,20.0mmol,71%产率)。MS(ESI)m/z 356.5[M+1]+。
5-溴-2-(1-(四氢-2H-吡喃-2-基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)吡啶
A.(E)-5-溴-N-((二甲氨基)亚甲基)吡啶酰胺。将5-溴吡啶酰胺(0.500g,2.49mmol)和二甲基甲酰胺二甲基缩醛(20mL)的溶液加热至85℃达3小时。浓缩反应物,该产物可直接用于下一步骤(0.604g,95%产率)。MS(ESI)m/z 257.1[M+1]+。
B.5-溴-2-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)吡啶。将(E)-5-溴-N-((二甲氨基)亚甲基)吡啶酰胺(0.604mg,2.36mmol)和肼(2.12g,66.1mmol)的溶液在25℃下搅拌3小时。浓缩反应物并用水稀释。过滤收集所得的沉淀物,真空干燥得到标题化合物(0.442g,83%产率)。MS(ESI)m/z 226.1[M+1]+。
C.5-溴-2-(1-(四氢-2H-吡喃-2-基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)吡啶。将5-溴-2-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)吡啶(0.342mg,1.52mmol)、3,4-二氢-2H-吡喃(0.256g,3.04mmol)和4-甲基苯磺酸(0.058g,0.30mmol)在四氢呋喃中的溶液加热至75℃达6小时。浓缩反应物,采用Biotage柱层析(含于二氯甲烷的0-20%甲醇)纯化提供成为油的半澄清产物(0.614g,1.9mmol,>100%产率)。该物质可不经进一步纯化直接使用。MS(ESI)m/z 309.4[M]+,311.1[M+2]+。
6-溴-4-甲基-2-(甲氨基)-1H-苯并[d]咪唑-1-羧酸叔丁酯
A.(6-溴-4-甲基苯并咪唑-2-基)-N-甲胺。在0℃下将含于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(1.0mL)的异硫氰酸甲烷(0.055g,0.746mmol)逐滴缓慢加入搅拌中的5-溴-3-甲基苯-1,2-二胺(0.150g,0.746mmol)在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(1.5mL)中的溶液中。移除冷浴,对反应物加盖并室温搅拌48小时。添加N-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-N'-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸化物(0.157g,0.821mmol),将反应混合物加盖并在40℃下加热过夜。用甲醇稀释所得的混合物,过滤并用反相制备HPLC(10-50%乙腈+含于水的0.1%TFA+0.1%TFA,历时30min)纯化。合并含所需产物的组分,并减压去除大部分溶剂。添加乙腈,将所得的混合物加载到Strata离子交换柱上。依次用水、乙腈、甲醇和含于甲醇的5%氢氧化铵洗柱。用含于甲醇的5%氢氧化铵洗脱液洗脱产物,减压浓缩,并真空干燥以提供成为浅黄色蜡状固体的所需产物(0.128g,0.53mmol,72%产率)。MS(ESI)m/z 240[M]+,242[M+2]+。
B.6-溴-4-甲基-2-(甲氨基)-1H-苯并[d]咪唑-1-羧酸叔丁酯。在100mL圆底烧瓶中合并(6-溴-4-甲基苯并咪唑-2-基)-N-甲胺(0.128g,0.533mmol)、二异丙基乙胺(0.464mL,2.67mmol)、二碳酸二叔丁酯(0.349g,1.599mmol)和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(5mL),加盖并在室温下搅拌21小时。在水和乙酸乙酯之间分配所得的混合物。分层并用水和盐水洗涤有机物。用硫酸镁干燥有机物,过滤,减压浓缩并采用快速层析(含于己烷的10-30%乙酸乙酯)纯化提供成为黄色蜡状固体的所需产物(0.092g,0.27mmol,51%产率)。MS(ESI)m/z340[M]+,342[M+2]+。
6-溴-4-甲基-2-(甲氨基)-1H-苯并[d]咪唑-1-羧酸叔丁酯
A.7-甲基-5-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧硼戊环-2-基)-1H-苯并[d]咪唑并l-2-胺。将3-甲基-5-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧硼戊环-2-基)苯-1,2-二胺(参见实施例1.G)(500mg,2.015mmol)和溴化氰(0.484mL,2.418mmol)在室温下加入圆底烧瓶,悬浮于甲醇(10.0mL)并搅拌1.5小时。减压去除挥发物,然后添加饱和重碳酸钠。过滤收集沉淀物,用乙酸乙酯洗涤并减压干燥提供标题化合物(557mg,2.039mmol,定量产率)。化合物可不经进一步纯化或表征进行使用。MS(ESI)m/z 273.8[M+1]+。
6-溴-4-甲基-2-(甲氨基)-1H-苯并[d]咪唑-1-羧酸叔丁酯
A.6-溴-4-甲基-1-(四氢-2H-吡喃-2-基)-1H-苯并[d]咪唑。将6-溴-4-甲基-1H-苯并[d]咪唑(1.02g,4.83mmol)在室温和氮气下搅拌中溶解于四氢呋喃(10mL)。添加3,4-二氢-2H-吡喃(3.5mL,38.4mmol)和甲磺酸(0.032mL,0.48mmol),将所得的混合物在75℃下加热49小时。将所得的混合物冷却至室温,用乙酸乙酯稀释并用饱和的重碳酸钠水溶液和盐水洗涤。用硫酸镁干燥有机物,过滤并减压浓缩。快速层析(含于己烷的50-100%乙酸乙酯)得到成为浅黄色固体的所需产物(1.32g,4.47mmol,93%产率)。MS(ESI)m/z295.1[M]+,297.3[M+2]+.
B.4-甲基-1-(四氢-2H-吡喃-2-基)-6-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧硼戊环-2-基)-1H-苯并[d]咪唑。在圆底烧瓶中合并6-溴-4-甲基-1-(四氢-2H-吡喃-2-基)-1H-苯并[d]咪唑(1.320g,4.47mmol)、双(戊酰)二硼(1.192g,4.70mmol)、[1,1'-双(联苯基膦基)二茂铁]二氯钯(II)与二氯甲烷的络合物(1:1)(183mg,0.22mmol)、乙酸钾(1.317g,13.4mmol)和二甲亚砜(9mL)并搅拌。真空去除烧瓶中的气体并用氮气替换三次。将所得的混合物在氮气下加热至90℃达1.5小时。用乙酸乙酯稀释所得的混合物并通过Celite过滤。用乙酸乙酯彻底洗涤滤饼。用水洗涤该滤出液两次,用盐水洗涤一次,用硫酸镁干燥,过滤并减压浓缩。快速层析(含于己烷的50-100%乙酸乙酯)得到成为黄棕褐色泡沫-固体的纯度为约90%的所需产物(1.31g,3.83mmol,77%产率)。MS(ESI)m/z 343.2[M+1]+。
生物学实施例
生物化学实验
mTOR HTR-FRET实验。以下为可用于测定受试化合物的mTOR抑制活性的实验的实施例。将杂芳基化合物溶解于DMSO并制备为10mM母液,进行实验时适当稀释。试剂按如下方式制备:
“简单TOR缓冲液”(用于稀释高甘油TOR组分):10mM Tris pH 7.4,100mM NaCl,0.1%Tween-20,1mM DTT。在该缓冲液将Invitrogen mTOR(cat#PR8683A)稀释至0.200μg/mL的测定浓度。
ATP/底物溶液:0.075mM ATP,12.5mM MnCl2,50mM Hepes,pH 7.4,50mMβ-GOP,250nM Microcystin LR,0.25mM EDTA,5mM DTT以及3.5μg/mL GST-p70S6。
检测试剂溶液:50mM HEPES,pH 7.4,0.01%Triton X-100,0.01%BSA,0.1mMEDTA,12.7μg/mL Cy5-αGST Amersham(Cat#PA92002V),9ng/mLα-phospho p70S6(Thr389)(细胞信号转导小鼠单克隆#9206L),627ng/mLα-小鼠Lance Eu(Perkin Elmer Cat#AD0077)。
向20μL简单mTor缓冲液添加0.5μL含于DMSO的受试化合物。为了启动反应,将5μLATP/底物溶液添加至20μL该简单TOR缓冲溶液(对照)和如上制备的化合物溶液。在60分钟后通过添加5μL 60mM EDTA溶液终止测定;然后添加10μL检测试剂溶液,将混合物静置至少2小时,然后在设置用于检测LANCE Eu TR-FRET的Perkin-Elmer Envision酶标仪(激发:320nm,发射:495/520nm)上读数。
PI3K alpha和gamma实验。采用Millipore PI3K实验试剂盒(cat#33-017)中所述的步骤进行PI3K alpha和gamma实验。PI3K alpha和gamma酶可由Invitrogen获得(Cat#PV4788和PV4786)。
所选的杂芳基化合物在该实验中具有或预期具有低于10μM的IC50,部分化合物的IC50低于1μM,其它化合物的IC50低于0.10μM。
DNA-PK实验。采用Promega DNA-PK实验试剂盒(catalog#V7870)中所述的步骤进行DNA-PK实验。DNA-PK酶可由Promega获得(Promega cat#V5811)。
所选的杂芳基化合物在该实验中具有或预期具有低于10μM的IC50,部分化合物的IC50低于1μM,其它化合物的IC50低于0.10μM。
基于细胞的实验
PC-3 p-S6和p-Akt MesoScale实验 以下为可用于测定受试化合物的抗癌活性的实验的实施例。前列腺腺癌细胞系PC-3(#CRL-1435)被用于pS6Mesoscale实验。使细胞生长于添加了10%胎牛血清和1%青霉素/链霉素的F-12Kaighns中。使用了如下的缓冲液:完全Tris Lysis缓冲液(供使用10mL:100μL磷酸酶抑制剂I(100×母液)、100μL磷酸酶抑制剂II(100×母液)、1片Complete Mini(无EDTA)、40μL PMSF,所有这些在室温下彻底混合5分钟);1×Tris洗涤缓冲液(供使用250mL:25mL 10×Tris洗涤缓冲液、225mL去离子水,在室温下储藏);MSD阻断溶液-A(供使用20mL:20mL1×Tris洗涤缓冲液和600mg MSD阻断剂A,在冰上储藏);抗体稀释缓冲液(供使用3mL:1mL阻断溶液-A、1.82mL 1×Tris洗涤缓冲液、150μL 2%MSD阻断剂D-M、30μL 10%MSD阻断剂D-R,在冰上储藏)。
在第一天下午,将细胞以180μL体积中20,000细胞/平板涂布于96-孔平底细胞培养板。在第2天早晨,将受试化合物稀释至所需浓度,并添加至细胞。在37℃,5%CO2下用化合物处理细胞1小时。小心去除培养基,向每个微孔添加50μL 1×Tris溶解缓冲液,并将平板在4℃下摇床上放置1小时以溶解细胞。将每个微孔中的35μL溶解物用于通过MA6000Phospho-S6RP(Ser235/236)全细胞溶解物试剂盒#K110DFD-3手册中所述的方案测定p-S6水平。采用MA6000Phospho-Akt(Ser4730全细胞溶解物试剂盒(#K111CAD-3)的手册中所述的方案测定溶解物的p-Akt水平。在Sector Imager酶标仪上对平板读数。从剂量响应曲线计算IC50值。
杂芳基化合物在该测定中具有或预期具有低于10μM的IC50,部分化合物的IC50低于1μM,其它化合物的IC50低于0.10μM。
Btk-PH、Akt-PH和FoxO-EGFP易位实验。以下为可用于测定受试化合物的抗癌活性的实验的实施例。BTK-PH_CHO细胞(Bioimage C007A)生长于添加了10%胎牛血清、1%青霉素/链霉素、0.5mg/mL遗传霉素和0.25%DMSO的Nut.MixF-12-Ham中。将细胞以12,000细胞/微孔涂布在黑壁透明底部96孔板上。孵育24小时后,用细胞洗涤缓冲液洗涤细胞并用细胞洗涤缓冲液孵育1小时。用对照/受试化合物和IGF-1(类胰岛素生长因子-1)在室温下处理细胞4分钟。然后固定细胞,洗涤并用含有0.5%Triton X-100的PBS中的Hoescht染色。密封平板,30分钟后在Cellomics上面读数。在与BTK-PH_CHO细胞相同的培养基中生长Akt-PH_CHO细胞(Bioimage C006A)。将细胞以10,000细胞/微孔涂布在黑色透明底部96孔板上。其余的方案与Btk-PH测定(如上)相同。由FoxO-EGFP构建体稳定转染的U-2OS细胞系受赠于Gary Chiang,Burnham Institute,La Jolla。将细胞生长于添加了10%胎牛血清和1%青霉素/链霉素的DMEM中。将细胞以20,000细胞/微孔涂布在黑色透明底部96孔板上。孵育过夜后,用对照/受试化合物处理细胞并孵育2小时。固定细胞,洗涤并用Hoescht染色。然后用PBS洗涤平板三次,向每个微孔添加100μL PBS。然后用透明盖玻片覆盖平板。在Cellomics上对平板读数并相对Wortmannin计算IC50值。
所选的杂芳基化合物在该实验中具有或预期具有低于30μM的IC50,部分化合物的IC50低于1μM,其它化合物的IC50低于0.10μM。
细胞增殖实验。以下为可用于测定受试化合物的抗癌活性的实验的实施例。该实验可用于基于对四唑盐还原为formazon盐的代谢活性的测量对细胞增殖定量。WST-1(Roche Cat#11644807001)被用于测量PC-3细胞的增殖。将PC-3细胞以3000细胞/微孔涂布于180μL生长培养基中(F-12Kaighns,添加了10%胎牛血清和1%青霉素/链霉素)。在5%CO2中37℃下将涂布的细胞孵育过夜。由10mM母液中用DMSO稀释化合物,然后加入F-12Kaighns培养基。将三份包含了DMSO对照的20μL化合物稀释物添加至96孔板中的细胞。将细胞与化合物在5%CO2中37℃下孵育3天。向每个微孔添加20μL WST-1。将平板在5%CO2中37℃孵育两小时。在Victor2multilabel酶标仪(Perkin Elmer)上450nm下读取平板。相比DMSO对照计算IC50值。
杂芳基化合物在该实验中具有或预期具有低于30μM的IC50,部分化合物的IC50低于1μM,其它化合物的IC50低于0.10μM。
IL-2炎症实验。以下为可用于测定受试化合物的抗炎活性的实验的实施例。采用来自Mesoscale的IL-2试剂盒(MA6000#L41AHB-1)测定受刺激的原代T细胞的IL-2生成。人原代T细胞用化合物预处理30分钟,然后用抗人CD3珠和抗CD28珠刺激24小时。细胞处理后,收集培养基。25μL将样本或校正标准添加至人IL-2细胞因子测定平板。将培养基在室温振荡下孵育1-2小时。用1X PBS洗三次平板。向每个微孔添加150μL 2×MSD读数缓冲液T,在Mesoscale Discovery Sector Imager酶标仪上分析该平板。
杂芳基化合物在该实验中具有或预期具有低于30μM的IC50,部分化合物的IC50低于1μM,其它化合物的IC50低于0.10μM。
体内模型
延缓性超敏(DTH)模型 在第0天,用3%噁唑酮致敏CD-1小鼠,将其涂在剃毛后的腹部(敏化)。在第5天,用1%噁唑酮涂右耳,用溶媒(丙酮:橄榄油)涂左耳(诱发)。在1%噁唑酮诱发步骤浅一天开始化合物处理。可通过口服、腹膜内或静脉施用化合物,在该研究期间可采用每天一次或两次给药。在第6天(诱发后24小时),未处理动物的右耳发红(红斑)并肿胀(水肿)。在诱发后24、48和72小时测量化合物处理的动物的耳朵。右耳和左耳厚度的差异显示了微测径器测量确定了DTH的形成。
在该模型中,杂芳基化合物具有或预期具有<100mg/kg的ED50值,部分化合物的ED50低于10mg/kg,其它化合物的ED50低于1mg/kg。
异种移植癌症模型 将人癌症细胞系注入SCID(严重联合免疫缺陷型)小鼠。对于体外维持的细胞,通过将精确数量的细胞注射进入小鼠生成肿瘤。对于在体内最佳传播的肿瘤,来自供体小鼠的肿瘤片段被植入少量小鼠进行维持,或者植入大量小鼠以启动研究。典型的效力研究设计包括向荷瘤小鼠施用一种或多种化合物。此外,以类似方法施用和维持参考化学药(阳性对照)和阴性对照。施用途径可包括皮下(SC)、腹膜内(IP)、静脉(IV)、肌肉(IM)和口服(PO)。在研究过程中进行肿瘤和体重测量,并记录发病率和死亡率。还可实施实体剖检、组织病理学、细菌学、寄生虫学、血清学和PCR以增强对疾病和药物作用的理解。
用于或可用于上述异种移植模型的部分典型人癌症细胞系为:乳腺癌的MDA MB-231、MCF7、MDA-MB-435和T-47D细胞系;直肠癌的KM 12、HCT-15、COLO 205、HCT 116和HT29细胞系;肺癌的NCI-H460和A549细胞系;前列腺癌的CRW22、LNCAP、PC-3和DU-145细胞系;黑素瘤的LOX-IMVI和A375细胞系;卵巢癌的SK-O V-3和A2780细胞系;肾癌的CAKI-I、A498和SN12C细胞系;以及神经胶质瘤的U-87MG细胞系。
简言之,以不同的给药方案(包括,但不限于,qd、q2d、q3d、q5d和每日两次)将例如100mg/kg至0.1mg/kg范围内的化合物施用至SCID小鼠。该化合物可配制于,例如,0.5%CMC/0.25%Tween中,并口服传递。对小鼠给药21天,每三天进行肿瘤体积测量。测试的示范性异种移植模型包括PC-3、HCT-116、A549、MDA MB-231和U-87MG模型。
在该模型中,杂芳基化合物具有或预期具有<100mg/kg的ED50值,部分化合物的ED50低于10mg/kg,其它化合物的ED50低于1mg/kg。
杂芳基化合物活性
表1中的每种化合物均已经在mTor HTR-FRET实验中测试并发现具有活性,在该实验中所有的化合物具有低于10μM的IC50,部分化合物的IC50介于0.005nM和250nM(活性水平D),其它化合物的IC50介于250nM和500nM(活性水平C),其它化合物的IC50介于500nM和1μM(活性水平B),且其它化合物的IC50介于1μM和10μM(活性水平A)。
表1
此处披露的实施方式不限于实施例中所披露的特定实施方式的范围,这些特定实施方式意在阐述所披露实施方式的数个方面,且任意功能等同的实施方式均包括在本披露的范围内。事实上,除了此处显示和描述的,此处披露的实施方式的各种修改应对本领域技术人员显而易见,且意在落入权利要求书的范围内。
一系列的参考文献已被引用,它们的全文均在此引入作为参考。
Claims (9)
1.具有下式的化合物:
其中:
X为卤素、B(OR+)2或Sn(R++)3;
R2为H、未取代的C1-8烷基、取代或未取代的环烷基、取代或未取代的杂环基、取代或未取代的杂环基烷基或取代或未取代的饱和或部分饱和的环烷基烷基;
R3为H或取代或未取代的C1-8烷基;
每一个R+独立地为氢或取代或未取代的C1-3烷基,或每一个R+与硼原子以及它们连接的原子一起形成环状硼酸酯;且
R++为C1-4烷基,
其中取代表示被选自如下的取代基所取代:卤素;烷基;羟基;烷氧基;烷氧基烷基;氨基;烷氨基;羧基;硝基;氰基;巯基;硫醚;亚胺;亚酰胺;脒;胍;烯胺;氨基羰基;酰氨基;膦酸根;膦;硫代羰基;磺酰基;砜;磺酰胺;酮;醛;酯;脲;尿烷;肟;羟胺;烷氧基胺;芳烷氧基胺;N-氧化物;肼;酰肼;腙;叠氮化物;异氰酸酯;异硫氰酸酯;氰酸酯;硫代氰酸酯;氧;B(OH)2,O(烷基)氨基羰基;环烷基,其可以是单环或者稠合或非稠合的多环;杂环基,其可以是单环或者稠合或非稠合的多环;单环或者稠合或非稠合的多环芳基;单环或者稠合或非稠合的多环杂芳基;芳氧基;芳烷基;芳烷氧基;杂环氧基;以及杂环基烷氧基。
2.如权利要求1所述的化合物,其中X为卤素。
3.如权利要求2所述的化合物,其中卤素为Br。
4.如权利要求1所述的化合物,其中X为B(OR+)2。
5.如权利要求4所述的化合物,其中每一个R+与硼原子以及它们连接的原子一起形成环状硼酸酯。
6.如权利要求1所述的化合物,其中R2为取代的环烷基。
7.如权利要求1所述的化合物,其中R2为未取代的C1-8烷基。
8.如权利要求7所述的化合物,其中未取代的C1-8烷基为乙基。
9.如权利要求1所述的化合物,其中R3为H。
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