CN104685212A - 具有控制和诊断模块的压缩机 - Google Patents
具有控制和诊断模块的压缩机 Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P25/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details
- H02P25/02—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the kind of motor
- H02P25/04—Single phase motors, e.g. capacitor motors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B35/00—Piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by the driving means to their working members, or by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors, not otherwise provided for
- F04B35/04—Piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by the driving means to their working members, or by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors, not otherwise provided for the means being electric
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B49/00—Control, e.g. of pump delivery, or pump pressure of, or safety measures for, machines, pumps, or pumping installations, not otherwise provided for, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B47/00
- F04B49/06—Control using electricity
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B49/00—Control, e.g. of pump delivery, or pump pressure of, or safety measures for, machines, pumps, or pumping installations, not otherwise provided for, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B47/00
- F04B49/10—Other safety measures
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04C18/00—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids
- F04C18/02—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids of arcuate-engagement type, i.e. with circular translatory movement of co-operating members, each member having the same number of teeth or tooth-equivalents
- F04C18/0207—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids of arcuate-engagement type, i.e. with circular translatory movement of co-operating members, each member having the same number of teeth or tooth-equivalents both members having co-operating elements in spiral form
- F04C18/0215—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids of arcuate-engagement type, i.e. with circular translatory movement of co-operating members, each member having the same number of teeth or tooth-equivalents both members having co-operating elements in spiral form where only one member is moving
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04C28/00—Control of, monitoring of, or safety arrangements for, pumps or pumping installations specially adapted for elastic fluids
- F04C28/28—Safety arrangements; Monitoring
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04C29/00—Component parts, details or accessories of pumps or pumping installations, not provided for in groups F04C18/00 - F04C28/00
- F04C29/0042—Driving elements, brakes, couplings, transmissions specially adapted for pumps
- F04C29/0085—Prime movers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
- F25B49/022—Compressor control arrangements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/34—Testing dynamo-electric machines
- G01R31/343—Testing dynamo-electric machines in operation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/50—Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections
- G01R31/64—Testing of capacitors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B2203/00—Motor parameters
- F04B2203/02—Motor parameters of rotating electric motors
- F04B2203/0201—Current
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B2203/00—Motor parameters
- F04B2203/02—Motor parameters of rotating electric motors
- F04B2203/0202—Voltage
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04C18/00—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids
- F04C18/02—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids of arcuate-engagement type, i.e. with circular translatory movement of co-operating members, each member having the same number of teeth or tooth-equivalents
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04C2240/00—Components
- F04C2240/80—Other components
- F04C2240/808—Electronic circuits (e.g. inverters) installed inside the machine
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04C2240/00—Components
- F04C2240/80—Other components
- F04C2240/81—Sensor, e.g. electronic sensor for control or monitoring
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04C2270/00—Control; Monitoring or safety arrangements
- F04C2270/03—Torque
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04C2270/00—Control; Monitoring or safety arrangements
- F04C2270/07—Electric current
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04C2270/00—Control; Monitoring or safety arrangements
- F04C2270/19—Temperature
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04C2270/00—Control; Monitoring or safety arrangements
- F04C2270/22—Temperature difference
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04C2270/00—Control; Monitoring or safety arrangements
- F04C2270/60—Prime mover parameters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04C2270/00—Control; Monitoring or safety arrangements
- F04C2270/80—Diagnostics
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04C2270/00—Control; Monitoring or safety arrangements
- F04C2270/86—Detection
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04C2270/00—Control; Monitoring or safety arrangements
- F04C2270/90—Remote control, e.g. wireless, via LAN, by radio, or by a wired connection from a central computer
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Air Conditioning Control Device (AREA)
- Control Of Positive-Displacement Pumps (AREA)
Abstract
一种系统和方法包括:电源,该电源生成交流功率以用于对具有电容器的压缩机供电;电压传感器,该电压传感器基于该交流功率来测量电压值;电流传感器,该电流传感器基于该交流功率来测量电流值;以及控制器。该控制器与电压传感器和电流传感器进行通信,该控制器基于电压值中的至少一个电压值和电流值中的至少一个电流值来确定功率因数值,并且基于功率因数和电流值中的至少一个电流值来确定电容器的故障。
Description
对相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2013年9月23日提交的美国实用新型申请第14/033,604号的优先权以及于2012年9月25日提交的美国临时申请第61/705,373号的权益。以上申请的全部公开内容通过引用合并于本文中。
技术领域
本公开涉及压缩机,并且更具体地涉及用于具有运转电容器的压缩机的控制和诊断的系统和方法。
背景技术
该部分中的陈述仅提供与本公开有关的背景信息并且可以不构成现有技术。
在各种工业和住宅应用中使用压缩机来使制冷装置、热泵、暖通空调(HAVC)或者冷却系统(统称为“制冷系统”)内的制冷剂循环以提供期望的加热或冷却效果。压缩机可以包括电机,以提供转矩来驱动压缩机压缩蒸气制冷剂。电机可以由交流(AC)电源或直流(DC)电源供电。在AC电源的情况下,单相或多相AC可以被输送至电机的绕组。
对于单相电源,制冷系统可以包括运转电容器,该运转电容器用于最初存储功率并且向压缩机供应功率。然而,运转电容器可能随着电容退化或电容完全损失(即,开路状态)而出现故障。例如,在使用一段时间之后由于老化或过热,而可能发生电容退化或电容完全损失。电容退化的运转电容器可以使压缩机运行在期望的容量和/或效率性能标准之下。具有零电容的运转电容器可以使用于压缩机的启动电路成为开路,这可以导致例如在电机起动之后不久对应的电机保护器电路的锁定转子跳闸。在这样的情况下,电机可能不向压缩机提供足够的扭矩来旋转,从而导致不产生冷却并且导致制冷系统的操作和使用中断。因此,期望被设计成预测运转电容器故障比如电容退化或电容完全损失的系统。
发明内容
提供了一种系统,该系统包括:电源,所述电源生成交流功率以用于对具有电容器的压缩机供电;电压传感器,所述电压传感器基于所述交流功率来测量多个电压值;电流传感器,所述电流传感器基于所述交流功率来测量多个电流值;以及控制器。控制器与电压传感器和电流传感器进行通信,并且基于多个电压值中的至少一个电压值和多个电流值中的至少一个电流值来确定功率因数值。控制器还基于功率因数和所述多个电流值中的至少一个电流值来确定电容器的故障。
提供了一种方法,该方法包括:用电源生成交流功率以用于对具有电容器的压缩机供电;用电压传感器、基于交流功率来测量多个电压值;以及用电流传感器、基于交流功率来测量多个电流值。该方法还包括:用与电压传感器和电流传感器进行通信的控制器、基于多个电压值中的至少一个电压值和多个电流值中的至少一个电流值来确定功率因数值;用控制器、基于功率因数和多个电流值中的至少一个电流值来确定电容器的故障;以及将电容器的故障从控制器传送至用户、服务人员、系统控制器、远程服务器、恒温器、移动设备以及电子邮件地址中的至少一个。
根据在本文中提供的描述,另外的适用领域将变得明显。应当理解,描述和具体示例意在仅用于说明的目的,而并非意在限制本公开的范围。
附图说明
在本文中描述的附图仅用于说明的目的,而并非意在以任何方式限制本公开的范围。
图1是制冷系统的示意图。
图2是制冷系统的框图。
图2a是压缩机电机的示意图。
图3是具有运转电容器故障确定系统的控制器的框图。
图4是示出了运转电容器故障事件的曲线图。
图5是根据本公开的控制算法的流程图。
具体实施方式
参照图1,示例性制冷系统10可以包括压缩机12。压缩机12可以为往复式压缩机、涡轮式压缩机或者其他类型的压缩机。压缩机12可以配备有电机来压缩被输送至冷凝器16的制冷剂蒸气,其中制冷剂蒸气在高压下被液化,从而将热量排向外部空气。冷凝器16可以包括由电机18驱动的冷凝器风扇17,其中该电机18使空气穿过冷凝器16的旋管循环。从冷凝器16出去的液体制冷剂被输送至蒸发器20。由于热空气移动穿过蒸发器,所以液体变成气体,从而从空气去除热量并且冷却制冷空间。这种低压气体被输送至压缩机12并且再次被压缩为高压气体以再次启动制冷循环。虽然在图1中制冷系统10被示出为具有一个压缩机12、冷凝器16以及蒸发器20,然而该制冷系统10可以被配置有任何数目的压缩机12、冷凝器18、蒸发器20或者其他制冷系统部件。
压缩机12可以配备有控制器24。如在本文所描述的,控制器24可以监视被输送至压缩机12和电机18的电功率,该电机18驱动具有一个或更多个电压传感器和一个或更多个电流传感器的冷凝器风扇17。基于随着时间推移的电功率测量值,比如电流(I)和电压(V),控制器24可以确定并且监视压缩机12的电机随着时间推移的视在功率、实际功率、功率消耗以及功率因数计算值。
控制器24可以基于电流(I)测量值和电压(V)测量值并且基于从其他压缩机或制冷系统传感器接收的其他压缩机和制冷系统数据来监视并且控制压缩机12的操作。
控制器24可以基于从一个或更多个电压传感器和一个或更多个电流传感器接收的数据来激活或停用压缩机12。例如,控制器24可以基于过大的电流或电压状况、不足的电流或电压状况、电流或电压不平衡状况或者相位损失或电流延迟状况(如果使用多相电源)来停用压缩机12。
控制器24可以被使用并且被配置成控制制冷系统10的整体操作。控制器24可以监视制冷系统操作状况,比如冷凝器温度和压力、和蒸发器温度和压力、以及环境状况比如环境温度,以确定制冷系统负载和需求。例如,控制器24可以从压缩机排出温度传感器50接收压缩机排出温度值。可替代地,可以使用压缩机排出压力传感器。另外,控制器24可以从位于冷凝器16处的冷凝器温度传感器51接收冷凝器温度值。可替代地,可以使用冷凝器压力传感器。此外,制冷系统10可以包括一起工作来控制制冷系统的多个控制器。例如,控制器24可以为位于室外单元处的室外单元控制器,其中该室外单元包括压缩机12、冷凝器16和具有电机18的冷凝器风扇17。在这样的情况下,控制器24可以与例如室内单元控制器和/或室内恒温器进行通信,该室内单元控制器和/或室内恒温器可以监视室内状况比如室内温度,并且向控制器24传送激活或停用命令或者容量需求指令。控制器24可以接收命令或指令,并且基于所接收的命令或指令来适当地控制室外单元的部件,即压缩机12和具有电机18的冷凝器风扇17。控制器24可以基于操作状况来调整设置点以使制冷系统10的效率最大化,或者可以接收来自室内单元控制器或室内恒温器的适当的指令来调整设置点以使效率最大化。控制器24还可以监视制冷系统10的室内单元的供应空气的温度和返回空气的温度。可替代地,室内单元控制器或室内恒温器可以监视室内单元的供应空气的温度和返回空气的温度并且可以将这样的数据传送至控制器24。控制器24可以基于如下所述的电功率测量值和计算值来评估效率。
参照图2,制冷系统10的框图被示出在HVAC应用中。例如,制冷系统10可以安装在HVAC应用中,其中,室内单元104包括蒸发器20(图1)和空气处理器单元,并且室内单元104位于建筑物比如办公室、零售商店或家中,并且其中,室外单元包括压缩机12、冷凝器16以及具有电机18的冷凝器风扇17。制冷系统10包括交流(AC)电源120,该交流(AC)电源120向压缩机12的电机148并且向用于驱动冷凝器风扇17的电机18供应电功率。室内单元104通过管道系统供应被调节的空气(供应空气)。空气通过该管道系统并且返回(返回空气)至室内单元104。室内单元104包括供应空气温度传感器124和返回空气温度传感器128。供应空气温度传感器124感测由室内单元104供应的供应空气温度并且将该供应空气温度传送至控制器24。类似地,返回空气温度传感器128监视返回到室内单元104的返回空气温度并且将该返回空气温度传送至控制器24。如以上所讨论的,供应空气温度传感器124和返回空气温度传感器128还可以将供应空气温度和返回空气温度数据传送至室内单元控制器和/或室内恒温器,该室内单元控制器和/或室内恒温器又可以将供应空气温度和返回空气温度数据传送至控制器24。
电源120经由电气端子L1和L2被电耦接至压缩机12和冷凝器风扇17。这样,电源120向压缩机12的电机148和冷凝器风扇17的电机18供应功率。压缩机12还可以被电耦接至运转电容器132和接触器开关136。运转电容器132被布置在电源120与压缩机12之间。该运转电容器132在制冷系统10被通电时存储由电源120供应的功率。当制冷系统10被通电时,接触器开关136被控制器24电气地或机械地闭合以使电流流动至压缩机12。当接触器开关136闭合时,功率被供应到冷凝器风扇17并且被供应到运转电容器132。运转电容器132存储由电源120供应的功率,运转电容器132然后通过向压缩机12供应所存储的功率来向压缩机12提供初始功率。
现在参照图2a,示出了压缩机电机148的示意图。压缩机电机148包括具有多个绕组的定子,该绕组包括启动绕组152和运转绕组156。启动绕组152被连接在启动点(S)150与公共点(C)149之间。运转绕组156被连接在运转点(R)151与公共点(C)149之间。启动点(S)150和运转点(R)151各自被连接至电气端子L1。公共点(C)149被连接至电气端子L2。压缩机电机148还可以包括转子(未示出)。通过绕组的电流使转子旋转并且使压缩机电机148运转。例如,当制冷系统10被通电时,通过启动绕组152的电流来激励定子。定子能量然后使转子转动。压缩机电机148由转动的转子进行供电。通过运转绕组156的电流通过功率循环保持对定子的功率。运转电容器132与启动绕组152例如在启动点(S)150与电气端子L1之间串联地电耦接。这样,运转电容器132存储由电源120供应的功率,并且通过启动绕组152向定子提供初始电流。
再次参照图2,制冷系统10还包括电压传感器140和电流传感器144。电压传感器140感测被供应到压缩机12和冷凝器风扇17的功率的电压值并且将该电压值传送至控制器24。例如,电压传感器140可以测量被连接至电气端子L1的输入电源线上的或跨运转电容器132的电压。电流传感器144感测被供应到压缩机12和冷凝器风扇17的电机18的线功率的电流值并且将该电流值传送至控制器24。电流传感器144还可以位于运转电容器132处来感测通过与启动绕组152(图2)串联的运转电容器132的电流。
控制器24在AC功率的每个循环中周期性地接收样本电流和电压测量值以确定多个瞬时电流和电压测量值。例如,控制器24可以每循环二十次地或者在具有60赫兹的频率的交流电的情况下每毫秒约一次地接收电流和电压测量值。根据这些实际电流和电压测量值,控制器24可以计算其他功率相关数据,比如真实功率和视在功率、随着时间推移的功率消耗、以及功率因数。
基于实际的电流和电压测量值,控制器24可以针对电压和电流确定均方根(RMS)。控制器24可以通过对采样电压测量值中的每个采样电压测量值进行平方、对平方测量值进行平均并且计算该平均的平方根来计算RMS电压值。同样,控制器24可以通过对采样电流测量值中的每个采样电流测量值进行平方、对平方测量值进行平均并且计算该平均的平方根来计算RMS电流值。
根据RMS电压和RMS电流计算值,控制器24可以根据以下等式来计算视在功率(S):
(1)S=VRMS×IRMS,
其中,VRMS为在AC的至少一个循环中的所计算的电压RMS,并且其中IRMS为在AC的至少一个循环中的所计算的电流RMS。视在功率可以以伏安(VA)或千伏安(kVA)为单位来计算。
对于三相功率,控制器24可以针对AC功率的每个相计算视在功率。控制器24可以基于针对每个相的视在功率计算值根据以下等式来针对压缩机12的电机计算总视在功率(STOTAL):
(2)STotal=VRMS(1)×IRMS(1)+VRMS(2)×IRMS(2)+VRMS(3)×IRMS(3),
其中,VRMS(1)、VRMS(2)以及VRMS(3)分别为针对AC的第一相、第二相以及第三相的在AC的循环中的所计算的RMS电压,并且其中,IRMS(1)、IRMS(2)以及IRMS(3)分别为针对AC的第一相、第二相以及第三相的在AC的循环中的所计算的RMS电流。视在功率以伏安(VA)或千伏安(kVA)为单位来计算。
以瓦特(W)或千瓦特(kW)为单元的有功功率(P)可以根据以下等式被计算为在AC的循环中的瞬时电流与电压的乘积的积分:
其中,v(t)为在时间t处的瞬时电压,以伏为单位;其中,i(t)为在时间t处的瞬时电流,以安培为单位;并且其中,T为线循环频率的周期(例如,针对60赫兹功率为16.3毫秒)。
基于在AC功率的循环中采样的实际瞬时电流和电压测量值,控制器24可以计算(P)为在AC的一个循环中的针对每个采样间隔(例如,一毫秒)的瞬时电压和电流样本的乘积的和。因此,P可以由控制器24根据以下等式来计算:
其中,v(k)为针对第k个样本的瞬时电压测量值;i(k)为针对第k个样本的瞬时电流测量值;T为周期;以及Δt为采样间隔(例如,1毫秒)。
在多相系统中,P可以针对电力的每个相来计算。例如,在三相系统中,控制器24可以根据以下等式通过将针对每个相的有功功率相加来计算总有功功率(PTOTAL):
(5)PTotal=P(1)+P(2)+P(3)
其中P(1)、P(2)以及P(3)分别为针对AC的第一相、第二相以及第三相的有功功率。
基于有功功率计算值,控制器24可以通过针对每个时间单位计算有功功率的平均并且在一定时间段比如天、月或年上进行积分来计算能量消耗。能量消耗可以通过控制器24以瓦特小时(WH)或千瓦特小时(kWH)为单位来计算。
此外,基于有功功率计算值和视在功率计算值,控制器24可以根据以下等式来计算功率因数(PF):
其中,P为以瓦特(W)或千瓦特(kW)为单位的有功功率;并且其中,S为以伏安(VA)或千伏安(kVA)为单位的视在功率。通常,PF为消耗功率与汲取功率的比。控制器24还可以根据以下等式将总PF计算为总实际功率与总视在功率的比:
其中,PTOTAL和STOTAL根据上式2和5来计算。
可替代地,控制器24可以通过将电压与电流波形的过零点进行比较来计算功率因数。处理器可以使用该过零点之间的角度差作为PF的估计。控制器24可以监视电压与电流测量值来确定针对AC功率的电压和电流波形。基于该测量值,控制器24可以确定每个波形在哪里穿过零轴。通过比较两个过零点,控制器24可以确定电压波形与电流波形之间的角度差。电流波形可以滞后于电压波形,并且角度差可以被控制器24用作PF的估计。
PF可以用作电机或压缩机的效率的指示。电流波形与电压波形之间的增长的滞后导致较低的功率因数。接近于一的功率因数即单位功率因数与较低功率因数相比更为理想。具有较低功率因数的电机可能需要更多的能量来操作,从而导致了增大的功率消耗。另外地,市电供应商可以针对在预定的PF值以下操作的设备征收资费。
PF还可以用作系统部件比如运转电容器132中的故障的指示。例如,控制器24可以基于PF值和电流值来确定运转电容器132中的故障。此外,如在以下进一步详细描述的,控制器24可以基于室内单元104的供应空气与返回空气之间的空气温度差或温度分离(TS),通过检测稳定的空气侧电路的温度来确认电容器故障的影响或结果。可替代地或另外地,控制器24可以通过检测以下稳定的室外单元温度来确认电容器故障的影响或结果:例如,通过压缩机排出温度传感器50(图1)感测的压缩机排出温度、或通过冷凝器温度传感器51(图1)感测的冷凝器温度。稳定的室外单元温度状况例如在压缩机排出温度和/或冷凝器温度保持相对不变或稳定时可能存在,而不管制冷系统10的操作。
具体参照图3,示出了示例性运转电容器故障确定系统200的框图。运转电容器故障确定系统200包括:供应空气温度传感器124、返回空气温度传感器128以及控制器24。控制器24包括:温度分离(TS)确定模块216、电流/电压监视模块220以及运转电容器状态模块224。TS确定模块216确定供应空气温度与返回空气温度之间的温度差。例如,如图2所述,供应空气温度传感器124监视由室内单元104供应的空气的供应空气温度。供应空气温度传感器124将该供应空气温度传送至TS确定模块216。类似地,返回空气温度传感器128监视返回至室内单元104的空气的返回空气温度。返回空气温度传感器128将该返回空气温度传送至TS确定模块216。TS确定模块216通过从供应空气温度值减去返回空气温度值确定空气温度改变值。TS确定模块216将该空气温度差值传送至运转电容器状态模块224。TS确定模块216的功能还可以通过室内单元控制器来执行,该室内单元控制器可以接收来自供应空气温度传感器124的供应空气温度值和返回空气温度传感器128的返回空气温度值,并且可以将差或者温度分离(TS)传送至控制器24和/或运转电容器状态模块224。
电流/电压监视模块220接收来自电压传感器140和电流传感器144的电流和电压测量值。电流/电压监视模块220确定测量的电流何时高于预定电流阈值。例如,预定的电流阈值可以为指示总电流需求突然增大的电流值。例如,来自压缩机12或冷凝器风扇17的电流需求的增大可以有助于增大总电流需求。电流/电压监视模块220将高于预定电流阈值的电流值传送至运转电容器状态模块224。电流/电压监视模块220还基于该电流和电压测量值来计算功率因数(如上所述)。电流/电压监视模块220将该PF传送至运转电容器状态模块224。运转电容器状态模块224和电流/电压监视模块220可以是单独的模块,或者可替代地,可以被集成为单个模块。此外,可替代地,通过运转电容器状态模块224执行的功能和处理可以在控制器24外部执行。例如,通过运转电容器状态模块224执行的功能和处理可以由室内单元控制器、室内恒温器或者制冷系统控制器来执行。另外,通过运转电容器状态模块224执行的功能和处理可以由远程服务器例如接收和监视用于制冷系统10的数据的云服务器来执行。例如,通过运转电容器状态模块224执行的功能和处理可以由图3所示的远程服务器228来执行。
运转电容器状态模块224基于所计算的PF、电流测量值以及确认的空气温度差值来确定运转电容器例如运转电容器132中的故障。例如,运转电容器状态模块224确定是否发生了PF的突然下降。运转电容器状态模块224接收来自电流/电压监视模块220的第一PF值和第二PF值。运转电容器状态模块224将第二PF值与第一PF值进行比较。运转电容器状态模块224在第一PF值与第二PF值之间的差大于预定阈值时并且在PF的下降在预定时间段内发生时确定PF的突然下降。仅作为示例,运转电容器状态模块224可以确定当在15秒的时间段内第一PF值大于第二PF值10%时PF的下降为PF的突然下降。然而,应该理解,可以使用其他的百分比下降和其他时间段。
运转电容器状态模块224然后确定供应空气温度值与返回空气温度值之间的差是否指示稳定状态,即,TS是否是稳定的并且没有下降逼近于零。运转电容器状态模块224接收来自TS确定模块216的空气温度差值。运转电容器状态模块224确定在空气温度差值小于预定温度差阈值时TS是稳定的。相反地,运转电容器状态模块224确定在空气温度差值低于预定温度差阈值接近零时TS是不稳定的。如上所讨论的,可替代地或另外地,运转电容器状态模块可以通过检测稳定的室外单元温度——例如通过压缩机排出温度传感器50(图1)感测的压缩机排出温度或者通过冷凝器温度传感器51(图1)感测的冷凝器温度——来确认电容器故障的影响或结果。
运转电容器状态模块224还监视从电流/电压监视模块220接收的电流值。当存在PF的突然下降加上稳定的TS状况以及高于预定电流阈值的电流值时,运转电容器状态模块224确定运转电容器132中的故障,比如电容的下降。如上所讨论的,除了稳定的TS状况以外或者代替稳定的TS状况,还可以使用稳定的室外单元温度状况。当这些情况发生时,运转电容器状态模块224可以确定运转电容器故障已发生或将在不久的将来发生并且可以停用压缩机12以避免损害压缩机12或其他系统部件。
在另一个实施方式中,运转电容器状态模块224可以在存在PF的突然下降加上高于预定电流阈值的电流值时确定运转电容器132中的故障。当这些状况发生时,运转电容器状态模块224可以确定运转电容器故障已发生或将在不久的将来发生并且可以停用压缩机12以避免损害压缩机12或其他系统部件。
在另一实施方式中,运转电容器状态模块224可以在没有电流流过运转电容器132和启动绕组152时并且当TS在0处或者接近于0时确定开路式运转电容器故障。当这些状况发生时,运转电容器状态模块224可以确定开路式运转电容器故障发生并且压缩机可以随后经历锁定转子电机跳闸。在这样的情况下,控制器24可以停用压缩机12以避免损害压缩机12或其他系统部件。可替代地,运转电容器状态模块224可以在没有电流流过运转电容器132和启动绕组152时并且室外单元温度比如通过压缩机排出温度传感器50(图1)感测的压缩机排出温度或者通过冷凝器温度传感器51(图1)感测的冷凝器温度没有改变或升高时确定开路式运转电容器故障。例如,在正常操作期间,压缩机排出温度和冷凝器温度在压缩机启动之后上升。在另一方面,如果压缩机排出温度和/或冷凝器温度没有升高结合没有电流流过运转电容器132和启动绕组152,则运转电容器状态模块224可以确定开路式运转电容故障发生。另外地或可替代地,可以将压缩机排出温度和/或冷凝器温度与环境温度进行比较来确定压缩机排出温度和/或冷凝器温度是否趋向于环境温度。如果这样的状况存在结合没有电流流过运转电容器132和运转绕组152,则运转电容器状态模块224可以确定开路式运转电容器故障发生。
在另一实施方式中,例如,当错误类型的电容器在初始安装之后或更换服务之后被安装,当PF低于预定值比如例如90%时,运转电容器状态模块224可以确定运转电容器132被不正确地安装。通常,压缩机制造商优化运转电容器选择以使得PF为至少90%。当这些状况发生时,运转电容器状态模块224可以确定运转电容器故障发生,并且压缩机随后可能会经历锁定转子电机跳闸。在这样的情况下,控制器24可以停用压缩机12以避免损害压缩机12或其他系统部件。
运转电容器状态模块224还可以将警报传送至远程服务器228。例如,当运转电容器状态模块224确定运转电容器故障已经发生时,运转电容器状态模块224可以将表示运转电容器故障的警报传送至远程服务器228。该远程服务器228可以为云服务、服务器集群或者互联网应用。远程服务器228然后可以将该警报传送至警报接收者229比如房主、服务人员或二者。可替代地或另外地,远程服务器228还可以将警报传送至其他警报接收者229,例如耦接至制冷系统10的恒温器、移动设备或电子邮件地址。在另一示例中,运转电容器状态模块224可以直接将警报传送至警报接收者229比如恒温器、移动设备或电子邮件地址。运转电容器状态模块224还可以本地地比如在控制器24的显示器上显示该警告。例如,控制器24的LED显示器可以使用诊断代码将警报传送至承包商。
参照图4,示出了运转电容器故障事件300的图形化图示。运转电容器故障事件300为在事件时间段中的电流、TS以及PF的图形化图示。运转电容器故障事件300的纵轴包括各种不同的尺度。电流、TS以及PF值中的每一个被表示在单个尺度上以说明电流、TS以及PF之间的相对关系。运转电容器故障事件300包括TS曲线图304、电流曲线图308以及PF曲线图312。运转电容器故障事件300还包括电容器故障线316(指示开路式电容器状况)和故障预测线320(指示退化的电容状况)。TS线304图示了在事件时间段中的多个TS值。例如,开始于曲线图的左边并且按时间向前行进至曲线图的右边,TS曲线图304开始于第一TS值处并且保持稳定直到电容器故障线316为止。TS曲线图304然后下降至指示运转电容器故障的值。
当前曲线图308图示了在事件时间段中的电流测量值。例如,电流曲线图308开始于第一值处。电流曲线图308在故障预测线320处增大。PF曲线图312图示了在事件时间段中的计算的PF值。PF曲线图312开始于第一PF值处。PF线312在故障预测线320处下降至第二PF值。
在故障预测线320处,PF曲线图312指示PF的突然下降,该PF的突然下降指示电容的突然显著下降,电流曲线图308指示汲取的电流的突然增大,并且TS曲线图304指示相对稳定的TS状况。在故障预测线320处,该状况被呈现以预测或预报未来或即将发生的运转电容器的故障。在电容器故障线316处,如由TS线304所示的,TS突然改变成几乎为零指示运转电容器的故障(即,零电容/开路式电容器状况)。开路式运转电容器132例如可以产生开路式启动绕组152状况并且不会使压缩机12引起电机保护电路在起动时的锁定转子跳闸。在这样的情况下,电机148将不能旋转压缩机12。
参照图5,用于运转电容器故障预测的示例性方法400开始于404处。在404处,方法400接收电流测量值和电压测量值。在412处,方法400基于该电流测量值和电压测量值计算PF值。在416处,方法400确定PF的突然下降是否发生。如果为假,则方法400在408处继续。如果为真,则方法400在420处继续。在420处,该方法基于电流测量值确定电流消耗的增大是否发生。如果为假,则方法400在416处继续。如果为真,则方法400在424处继续。在424处,方法400接收供应空气温度和返回空气温度。在428处,方法400基于该供应空气温度与返回空气温度之间的差计算TS值。在432处,方法400基于TS值确定TS是否稳定。如果为假,则方法400在408处继续。如果为真,则方法400在436处继续。在436处,方法400停用压缩机和/或向远程服务器或警报接收者发送指示运转电容器故障的警报。方法400在440处结束。
前面的描述仅仅在本质上是说明性的并且决不旨在限制本公开、其应用或使用。本公开的广泛教导可以以各种形式来实现。因此,虽然本公开包括具体示例,但是本公开的真实范围不应当被如此限制,因为其他的修改将在附图、说明书以及以下权利要求书的研究中变得明显。为了清楚起见,在附图中将使用相同的附图标记以识别相似的元件。如在本文所使用的,短语A、B以及C中的至少一个应该被理解为意指使用非排他性逻辑或(OR)的逻辑(A或B或C)。应当理解的是,方法中的一个或更多个步骤可以在不更改本公开的原理的情况下以不同的顺序(或同时)来执行。
如在本文所使用的,术语控制器或模块可以是指以下部件的一部分或者包括以下部件:专用集成电路(ASIC);电子电路;组合逻辑电路;现场可编程门阵列(FPGA);执行代码的处理器(共享、专用或组);提供所描述的功能的其他合适的硬件部件;或者比如在片上系统中的以上部件中的一些或全部的组合。术语控制器或模块可以包括存储由处理器执行的代码的存储器(共享、专用或组)。
如以上所使用的术语代码可以包括软件、固件和/或微代码并且可以是指程序、例程、函数、类和/或对象。如以上所使用的术语共享意指来自多个模块的一些或全部代码可以使用单个(共享)处理器来执行。另外,来自多个模块的一些或全部代码可以由单个(共享)存储器进行存储。如以上所使用的术语组意指来自单个模块的一些或全部代码可以使用一组处理器来执行。另外,来自单个模块的一些或全部代码可以使用一组存储器进行存储。
在本文中描述的装置和方法可以由一个或更多个处理器执行的一个或更多个计算机程序部分地或全部地实施。该计算机程序包括存储在至少一个非暂态有形计算机可读介质中的处理器可执行指令。该计算机程序还可以包括和/或依赖于所存储的数据。非暂态有形计算机可读介质的非限制性示例包括非易失性存储器、易失性存储器、磁存储装置和光存储装置。
Claims (20)
1.一种系统,包括:
电源,所述电源生成交流功率以用于对具有电容器的压缩机供电;
电压传感器,所述电压传感器基于所述交流功率来测量多个电压值;
电流传感器,所述电流传感器基于所述交流功率来测量多个电流值;以及
控制器,所述控制器与所述电压传感器和所述电流传感器进行通信,所述控制器基于所述多个电压值中的至少一个电压值和所述多个电流值中的至少一个电流值来确定功率因数值,并且所述控制器基于所述功率因数和所述多个电流值中的至少一个电流值来确定所述电容器的故障。
2.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其中,所述控制器基于所确定的所述电容器的故障来传送警报。
3.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其中,所确定的所述电容器的故障对应于所述电容器的电容的下降。
4.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其中,所确定的所述电容器的故障对应于开路式电容器状况,其中所述电容器的电容为零电容。
5.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其中,所确定的所述电容器的故障对应于安装为所述电容器的电容器的不正确类型。
6.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其中,所述控制器接收第一电压值和第一电流值,并且确定第一功率因数值。
7.根据权利要求6所述的系统,其中,所述控制器接收第二电压值和第二电流值,并且确定第二功率因数值。
8.根据权利要求7所述的系统,其中,当所述第二功率因数值小于所述第一功率因数值并且所述第二电流值大于所述第一电流值时,所述控制器确定所述电容器的故障并且停用所述压缩机。
9.根据权利要求1所述的系统,还包括:供应空气温度传感器,所述供应空气温度传感器生成供应空气温度值;以及返回空气温度传感器,所述返回空气温度传感器生成返回空气温度值,所述供应空气温度传感器和所述返回空气温度传感器与关联于所述压缩机的空调系统相关联。
10.根据权利要求9所述的系统,其中,所述控制器基于所述供应空气温度值和所述返回空气温度值来确定温度改变,并且基于所确定的温度改变来确认所确定的所述电容器的故障。
11.根据权利要求10所述的系统,其中,所述控制器基于所述功率因数、所述多个电流值和所述温度改变,来确定所述电容器的故障并且选择性地控制所述压缩机。
12.根据权利要求1所述的系统,还包括压缩机排出温度传感器,所述压缩机排出温度传感器生成压缩机排出温度值,其中,所述控制器与所述压缩机排出温度传感器进行通信,并且基于所述压缩机排出温度值的稳定状态来确认所确定的所述电容器的故障。
13.一种方法,包括:
用电源生成交流功率以用于对具有电容器的压缩机供电;
用电压传感器、基于所述交流功率来测量多个电压值;
用电流传感器、基于所述交流功率来测量多个电流值;
用与所述电压传感器和所述电流传感器进行通信的控制器、基于所述多个电压值中的至少一个电压值和所述多个电流值中的至少一个电流值来确定功率因数值;
用所述控制器、基于所述功率因数和所述多个电流值中的至少一个电流值来确定所述电容器的故障;以及
将所述电容器的故障从所述控制器传送至用户、服务人员、系统控制器、远程服务器、恒温器、移动设备以及电子邮件地址中的至少一个。
14.根据权利要求13所述的方法,还包括基于所确定的所述电容器的故障来传送警报。
15.根据权利要求14所述的方法,还包括用所述电压传感器接收第一电压值并且用所述电流传感器接收第一电流值,以及用所述控制器确定第一功率因数值。
16.根据权利要求15所述的方法,还包括用所述电压传感器接收第二电压值并且用所述电流传感器接收第二电流值,以及用所述控制器确定第二功率因数值。
17.根据权利要求16所述的方法,还包括:当所述第二功率因数值小于所述第一功率因数值并且所述第二电流值大于所述第一电流值时,用所述控制器确定所述电容器的故障并且用所述控制器停用所述压缩机。
18.根据权利要求14所述的方法,还包括用供应空气温度传感器生成供应空气温度值并且用返回空气温度传感器生成返回空气温度值,所述供应空气温度传感器和所述返回空气温度传感器与关联于所述压缩机的空调系统相关联。
19.根据权利要求18所述的方法,还包括用所述控制器、基于所述供应空气温度值和所述返回空气温度值来确定温度改变。
20.根据权利要求19所述的方法,还包括:基于所述功率因数、所述多个电流值以及所述温度改变,用所述控制器确定所述电容器的故障并且用所述控制器选择性地控制所述压缩机。
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CN104685212B (zh) | 2016-10-19 |
EP2917584A1 (en) | 2015-09-16 |
US9762168B2 (en) | 2017-09-12 |
ES2661999T3 (es) | 2018-04-05 |
WO2014052307A1 (en) | 2014-04-03 |
EP2917584A4 (en) | 2016-08-03 |
AU2013323760A1 (en) | 2015-03-26 |
US20140084836A1 (en) | 2014-03-27 |
EP2917584B1 (en) | 2017-12-20 |
US9310439B2 (en) | 2016-04-12 |
AU2013323760B2 (en) | 2016-07-14 |
US20160226416A1 (en) | 2016-08-04 |
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