CN104584500B - 用于高度频谱有效的通信的多模发射器 - Google Patents

用于高度频谱有效的通信的多模发射器 Download PDF

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CN104584500B
CN104584500B CN201380043457.4A CN201380043457A CN104584500B CN 104584500 B CN104584500 B CN 104584500B CN 201380043457 A CN201380043457 A CN 201380043457A CN 104584500 B CN104584500 B CN 104584500B
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transmitter
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CN104584500A (zh
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A.伊莱亚兹
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Avago Technologies International Sales Pte Ltd
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Avago Technologies Fiber IP Singapore Pte Ltd
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Abstract

一种发射器可以包括可配置为在至少两个配置中运行的码元映射电路,其中,码元映射电路的第一个使用第一码元星座,并且码元映射电路的配置的第二个使用第二码元星座。该发射器也可以包括可配置为在至少两个配置中运行的脉冲整形电路,其中,脉冲整形电路的第一个使用第一组滤波器抽头,并且,脉冲整形电路的第二个使用第二组滤波器抽头。第一组滤波器抽头可以对应于根升余弦(RRC)滤波器,并且第二组滤波器抽头对应于部分响应滤波器。

Description

用于高度频谱有效的通信的多模发射器
优先权的要求
本专利申请参考、要求优先权于和要求权益于:
美国临时专利申请No.61/662,085,题目为“Apparatus and Method forEfficient Utilization of Bandwidth(用于带宽的有效利用的设备和方法)”,并且在2012年6月20日被提交;
美国临时专利申请No.61/726,099,题目为“Modulation Scheme Based onPartial Response(基于部分响应的调制方案)”,并且在2012年11月14日被提交;
美国临时专利申请No.61/729,774,题目为“Modulation Scheme Based onPartial Response(基于部分响应的调制方案)”,并且在2012年11月26日被提交;以及
美国临时专利申请No.61/747,132,题目为“Modulation Scheme Based onPartial Response(基于部分响应的调制方案)”,并且在2012年12月28日被提交。
上面标识的申请的每一个由此通过引用以其整体被并入在此。
通过引用的并入
本申请也参考:
美国专利申请No.13/754,964(代理档案编号No.26150US02),题目为“Low-Complexity,Highly-Spectrally-Efficient Communications(低复杂度的高度频谱有效的通信)”,并且在2013年1月31日被提交;并且
美国专利申请No.13/756,010(代理档案编号No.26469US02),题目为“Multi-ModeReceiver for Highly-Spectrally-Efficient Communications(用于高度频谱有效的通信的多模接收器)”,并且在与本申请相同的日期被提交。
上述申请的每一个由此通过引用以其整体被并入在此。
技术领域
本申请的各方面涉及电子通信。
背景技术
现有的通信方法和系统过于耗电和/或频谱效率低。通过常规和传统手段与参考附图在本公开的剩余部分中阐述的本方法和系统的一些方面的比较,常规和传统手段的另外的限制和缺点对于本领域内的技术人员变得明显。
发明内容
提供了用于低复杂度、高度频谱有效的通信的方法和系统,大体如附图的至少一个图示和/或与附图的至少一个相关地描述,如在权利要求中更完整地阐述。
附图说明
图1A是描述被配置用于低复杂度、高度频谱有效的通信的示例系统的框图。
图1B是图示可操作用于支持低复杂度、高度频谱有效的通信的多模发射器的框图。
图1C是图示可操作用于支持低复杂度、高度频谱有效的通信的多模接收器的框图。
图2是描述在被配置用于低复杂度、高度频谱有效的通信的系统中使用的示例均衡和序列估计电路的框图。
图3是描述在被配置用于低复杂度、高度频谱有效的通信的系统中使用的示例序列估计电路的框图。
图4是描述在被配置用于低复杂度、高度频谱有效的通信的系统中使用的示例度量计算电路的框图。
图5A-5D描述了由被配置用于低复杂度、高度频谱有效的通信的系统执行的示例序列估计处理的部分。
图6A和6B描述了作为在图5D中描述的处理的替代的示例幸存者选择处理。
图7是图示序列估计处理的初始化的图。
图8A描述了在图3中所示的相位缓冲器的示例实现方式。
图8B描述了在图3中所示的码元缓冲器的示例实现方式。
图8C描述了在序列估计处理的多次迭代上的示例码元缓冲器的内容。
图8D描述了与在图8C中所示的码元缓冲器内容对应的所产生信号。
图9是图示了多模发射器的动态配置的流程图。
图10在被配置到表2的模式1内并且被配置到表2的模式2内的接收器的码元误差率(SER)对SNR之间比较。
具体实施方式
如在此使用,术语“电路”指的是物理电子组件(即,硬件)和可以配置该硬件、被该硬件执行和/或否则与该硬件相关联的任何软件和/或固件(“代码”)。如在此使用,例如,特定处理器和存储器可以当执行第一一行或多行代码时包括第一“电路”,并且当执行第二一行或多行代码时包括第二“电路”。如在此使用,“和/或”表示在被“和/或”结合的在列表中的项目的任何一个或多个。作为示例,“x和/或y”表示三元素组{(x),(y),(x,y)}的任何元素。作为另一个示例,“x、y和/或z”表示七元素组{(x),(y),(z),(x,y),(x,z),(y,z),(x,y,z)}的任何元素,如在此使用,术语“示例性”表示作为非限定性示例、实例或例示。如在此使用,术语“例如”引起了一个或多个非限定性示例、实例或例示的列表。如在此使用,电路“可操作”用于每当电路包括用于执行功能的必要硬件和代码(如果需要任何一个)时执行该功能,而与是否通过一些用户可配置的设置来禁止或不使能该功能的执行无关。
图1A是描述被配置用于低复杂度的、高度频谱有效的通信的示例系统的框图。系统100包括映射器电路102、脉冲整形滤波器电路104、定时导频插入电路105、发射器前端电路106、信道107、接收器前端108、滤波器电路109、定时导频去除电路110、均衡和序列估计电路112和去映射电路114。组件102、104、105和106可以是发射器的一部分(例如,基站或接入点、路由器、网关、移动装置、服务器、计算机、计算机外围装置、表格、调制解调器、机顶盒等),组件108、109、110、112和114可以是接收器的一部分(例如,基站或接入点、路由器、网关、移动装置、服务器、计算机、计算机外围装置、表格、调制解调器、机顶盒等),并且发射器和接收器可以经由信道107进行通信。
映射器102可以可操作用于根据选择的调制方案来映射要向码元发射的发射比特流的比特。可以经由信号103来输出该码元。例如,对于具有码元字母表N(N-QAM)的正交调幅方案,映射器可以将发射比特流的每一个Log2(N)比特映射到被表示为复数和/或同相(I)和正交相(Q)分量。虽然在本公开中N-QAM用于例示,但是本公开的方面适用于任何调制方案(例如,幅移键控(ASK)、相移键控(PSK)、频移键控(FSK)等等)。另外,该N-QAM星座的点可以规则地间隔(“在网格上”)或不规则地间隔(“离网”)。而且,由映射器使用的码元星座可以被优化以获得与对数似然比(LLR)或与平均互信息比特(MMIB)相关的优化最佳误码率性能。发射比特流可以例如是通过前向纠错(FEC)编码器和/或交织器的数据的比特的结果。补充地或替代地,从映射器102出来的码元可以通过交织器。
脉冲整形器104可以可操作用于调整信号103的波形,使得结果产生的信号113的波形符合信号113通过其要被发射的信道的频谱要求。该频谱要求可以被称为“频谱遮罩”,并且可以被管理在使用中的通信信道和/或者标准的监管机构(例如,在美国的联邦通信委员会或欧洲电信标准协会)和/或标准组织(例如,第三代合作伙伴计划)建立。脉冲整形器104可以包括例如无限脉冲响应(IIR)和/或有限脉冲响应(FIR)滤波器。在此将脉冲整形器104的抽头的数量或“长度”表示为LTx,其可以是整数。脉冲整形器104的脉冲响应在此被表示为hTx。脉冲整形器104可以被配置使得其输出信号113意图具有相当大数量的码元间干扰(ISI)。因此,脉冲整形器104可以被称为部分响应脉冲整形滤波器,并且信号113可以被称为部分响应信号或驻留在部分响应域中,而信号103可以被称为驻留在码元域中。脉冲整形器104的抽头数量和/或抽头系数的值可以被设计使得脉冲整形器104意图对于加性高斯白噪声(AWGN)是非最佳的,以便改善在信号路径中的非线性的容忍。在这一点上,脉冲整形器104可以比例如传统的近零正ISI脉冲整形滤波器(例如,根升余弦(RRC)脉冲整形滤波器)提供在存在非线性的情况下的优越的性能。可以如在下文的一个或多个中所述设计脉冲整形器104:题目为“Design and Optimization of Partial Response Pulse ShapeFilter(部分响应脉冲整形滤波器的设计和优化)”的美国专利申请、题目为“Constellation Map Optimization For Highly Spectrally EfficientCommunications(用于高度频谱有效的通信的星座图优化)”的美国专利申请和题目为“Dynamic Filter Adjustment For Highly-Spectrally-Efficient Communications(用于高度频谱有效的通信的动态滤波器调整)”的美国专利申请,其每一个通过引用被并入在此,如上所述。
应当注意,部分响应信号(或在“部分响应域”中的信号)仅是在信号的码元之间存在相关的一种类型的信号(在此被称为“码元间相关(ISC)信号”)的一个示例。这样的ISC信号与由例如升余弦(RC)或根升余弦(RRC)滤波产生的零(或近零)ISI信号相反。为了说明的简化,本公开聚集在经由部分响应滤波产生的部分响应信号。尽管如此,本公开的方面适用于其他ISC信号,诸如经由矩阵相乘(例如,点阵编码)产生的信号和经由低于奈奎斯特频率的抽选而产生的信号。
定时导频插入电路105可以插入导频信号,该导频信号可以被接收器用于定时同步。定时导频插入电路105的输出信号115可以因此包括信号113外加插入的导频信号(例如,在1/4×fbaud处的正弦波,其中,fbaud是码元率)。在下文中描述了定时导频插入电路105的示例实现方式:题目为“Timing Synchronization for Reception of Highly-Spectrally-Efficient Communications(用于高度频谱有效的通信的接收的定时同步)”的美国专利申请,其通过引用被并入在此,如上所述。
发射器前端电路106可以可操作用于放大和/或上转换信号115以产生信号116。因此,发射器前端电路106可以包括例如功率放大器和/或混合器。该前端可能向信号116引入非线性失真和/或相位噪声(和/或其他非理想因素)。电路106的非线性可以被表示为FnlTx,其可以例如是多项式或指数(例如,拉普模型)。该非线性可以包括存储器(例如,Voltera系列)。
信道107可以包括有线、无线和/或光学通信介质。信号·STB 116可以传播通过信道107,并且作为信号118达到接收器前端108处。信号118可能比信号116噪声大(例如,作为在信道中的热噪声的结果),并且可能比信号116更高或与其不同的ISI(例如,作为多径的结果)。
接收器前端108可以可操作用于放大和/或下转换信号118以产生信号119。因此,接收器前端可以包括例如低噪声放大器和/或混合器。接收器前端可能向信号119引入非线性失真和/或相位噪声。电路108的非线性可以被表示为FnlRx,其可以例如是多项式或指数(例如,拉普模型)。该非线性可以包括存储器(例如,Voltera系列)。
定时导频恢复和去除电路110可以可操作用于锁定到由导频插入电路105插入的定时哈电平信号,以便恢复所接收的信号的码元定时。输出122可以因此包括信号120减去(即,没有)定时电平信号。在下文中描述了定时导频恢复和去除电路110的一种示例实现方式:题目为“Timing Synchronization for Reception of Highly-Spectrally-EfficientCommunications(用于高度频谱有效的通信的接收的定时同步)”的美国专利申请,其通过引用被并入在此,如上所述。
输入滤波器109可以可操作用于调整部分响应信号119的波形,以产生部分响应信号120。输入滤波器109可以包括例如无限脉冲响应(IIR)和/或有限脉冲响应(FIR)滤波器。在此将输入滤波器109的抽头的数量或“长度”表示为LRx,整数。输入滤波器109的脉冲响应在此被表示为hRx。可以基于下述部分来配置输入滤波器109的抽头的数量和/或抽头系数:非线性模型、信号120的信噪比(SNR)、发射部分响应滤波器104的抽头的数量和/或抽头系数和/或其他阐述。输入滤波器109的抽头的数量和/或抽头系数的值可以被配置使得有意(相对于完美匹配滤波器)折中噪声抑制,以便改善在非线性存在的情况下的性能。结果,输入滤波器109可以比例如传统的近零正ISI匹配滤波器(例如,根升余弦(RRC)匹配滤波器)提供在存在非线性的情况下的优越的性能。可以如在下文的一个或多个中所述设计输入滤波器109:题目为“Design and Optimization of Partial Response Pulse ShapeFilter(部分响应脉冲整形滤波器的设计和优化)”的美国专利申请、题目为“Constellation Map Optimization For Highly Spectrally EfficientCommunications(用于高度频谱有效的通信的星座图优化)”的美国专利申请和题目为“Dynamic Filter Adjustment For Highly-Spectrally-Efficient Communications(用于高度频谱有效的通信的动态滤波器调整)”的美国专利申请,其每一个通过引用被并入在此,如上所述。
如在此使用,“总的部分响应(h)”可以等于hTx和hRx的卷积,并且因此,“总的部分响应长度(L)”可以等于LTx+LRx–1。然而,L可以被选择为小于LTx+LRx–1,其中,例如,发射脉冲整形器104和/或接收输入滤波器109的一个或多个抽头可以小于确定的水平。减小L可以减小序列估计的解码复杂度。可以在系统100的设计期间优化该折中。
均衡器和序列估计器112可以可操作用于执行均衡处理和序列估计处理。下面参考图2描述均衡和器序列估计器112的示例实现方式的细节。均衡器和序列估计器112的输出信号132可以在码元域中,并且可以承载信号103的对应的发射码元的估计值(和/或发射比特流的对应的发射信息的估计值)。虽然未描述,但是信号132可以通过交织器到去映射器114。该估计值可以包括软判决估计、硬判决估计或两者。
去映射器114可以可操作用于根据选择的调制方案将码元映射到比特序列。例如,对于N-QAM调制方案,映射器可以将每一个码元映射到接收比特流的Log2(N)比特。该接收比特流可以例如被输出到去交织器和/或FEC解码器。替代地或补充地,去映射器114可以产生用于每一个比特的软输出,其被称为LLR(对数似然比)。该软输出比特可以被软解码前向纠错器(例如,低密度奇偶校验(LDPC)解码器)。可以使用例如软输出维特比算法(SOVA)或类似物来产生该软输出比特。这样的算法可以使用序列拉解码处理的另外的信息,其包括丢弃的路径的度量水平和/或用于产生LLR的估计的比特概率,其中,其中,Pb是比特b=1的概率。
在一种示例实现方式中,可以在传统N-QAM系统中找到在发射器中的脉冲整形器104的上游和在接收器中的均衡器和序列估计器112的下游的系统的组件。因此,通过发射侧物理层和接收侧物理层的修改,可以在传统的N-QAM系统中实现本发明的方面,以便与例如使用RRC滤波器和N-QAM限幅器作比较改善在存在非线性的情况下的系统的性能。
图1B是图示可操作来支持低复杂度的、高频谱有效的通信的多模发射器的框图。在图1B中示出了前向纠错(FEC)编码器156、映射器102、码元间相关(ISC)产生电路158、定时导频插入电路105、发射器前端电路106、时钟信号产生电路152和控制电路154。
时钟信号产生电路152可以包括例如一个或多个振荡器(例如,晶体振荡器)和一个或多个锁相环(PLL),用于产生时钟信号156,该时钟信号156的频率确定码元被产生和被分区发射的速率(“码元率”或“波特率”)。时钟信号156的频率可以基于发射器的操作模式(例如,如控制信号158所示)。
控制电路154可以包括例如专用集成电路(ASIC)、可编程中断控制器(PIC)、基于ARM的处理器、基于x86的处理器和/或可操作用于基于一个或多个参数来控制发射器的配置的任何其他适当电路。发射器的配置所基于的参数可以包括例如来自发射器所驻留在的装置(例如,移动电话、膝上型计算机或基站等)的用户的输入和/或在该装置上运行的软件应用。发射器的配置可以基于的参数可以包括由发射器的电路测量的性能指示符,诸如测量的噪声电平、温度、电池充电水平等。发射器的配置可以基于的参数可以包括例如要发射的数据的特性。这样的特性可以包括例如服务质量参数(例如,延迟和/或通过量要求)和/或数据在到接收器的中途所体验的非线性失真的模型。发射器的配置可以基于的参数可以包括由接收器测量并且从接收器返回的性能指示符。这样的性能指示符可以包括例如码元误差率(SER)、误码率(BER)、信噪比(SNR)、由序列估计电路计算的度量、由接收器测量的相位误差、用于指示在信道中存在的多径的测量和/或任何其他相关性能指示符。控制电路154可以指示发射器的操作模式和/或经由控制信号158控制发射器的各个组件。
控制电路154也可以操作用于产生指示发射器的配置的控制消息。这样的控制消息可以例如被插入发射的数据流内并且/或者在信标信号的控制信道上被发射,以向接收器通知接收器的配置。这样的控制消息可以被多模接收器用于其电路的配置。
FEC编码器156可以根据里德-索罗门或低密度奇偶校验(LDPC)算法的一个或多个算法来执行FEC编码。可以基于发射器的操作模式(例如,如控制信号158所示)来确定使用的FEC码率和/或编码算法。例如,FEC类型(例如,LDPC、RS等)可以切换以匹配调制类型,并且可以基于发射器的操作模式优化FEC码率以增加容量。在迭代FEC代码的情况下(例如,LDPC,turbo),代码结构可以改变以利用部分响应信号误差的统计特性。可以通过适当的误差模式的动态选择,改善FEC解码性能。
例如,映射器102可以是如上参照图1A所述。可以基于发射器的操作模式(例如,如由控制信号158指示的)确定由映射器102在使用中的码元星座。可以基于时钟信号156来确定比特被映射到码元的速率。在本公开的一个示例实施例中,映射器102可以可操作用于向所产生的码元序列内插入一个或多个导频码元(例如,导频码元的特定模式)。在一个示例实施例中,可以以确定方式(例如,周期地和/或在事件驱动的基础上)插入导频码元,使得信号的接收器可以了解或能够自主地确定码元是导频码元,而不是信息码元(信息码元是从向映射器102输入的数据比特产生的码元)。在一种示例实现方式中,可以使用公共的码元星座来用于导频码元和信息码元两者。在另一种示例实现方式中,可以将第一码元星座(例如,基于32QAM的PR10星座)用于信息码元,并且可以将第二码元星座(例如,BPSK或QPSK星座)用于导频码元。
可以根据信道108的一个或多个性能指示符(例如,SNR、SER、由模块204计算的度量水平、多径的数量等)来动态地(例如,实时地或接近实时地、基于近期的除了和/或反馈和/或用户输入)适配导频开销(POH)(即,作为导频码元的发射码元的百分比)和导频码元的模式。当发射器被配置来用于近零的正ISI时,可以在时间上扩展导频码元,使得对于每N个信息码元插入单个导频。以这种方式,导频码元可以在存在相位噪声的情况下支持载波恢复环路,并且可以通过提供关于在导频码元的发射时存在的相位误差的边信息来防止周跳。然而,当以产生其值在任何给定时间基于多个码元的ISC信号的模式来配置发射器时,可以有益的是,使用几个相邻的(或密集分布的)导频码元,以便提供用于相位的有效的边信息。因此,当发射器在ISC模式中时的码元导频可以使用对于每N个信息码元插入M个导频码元的组的模式,其中,可以良好地级联该M个码元(即,在导频之间没有信息码元),或者,可以在构成M个的组的导频码元的一些之间插入信息码元。例如,发射器可以当以第一操作模式配置时在每N个信息码元之间插入1个导频码元,并且当以第二操作模式被配置时在每N个信息码元之间插入2个或更多的连续导频码元。
可以基于发射器的操作模式(例如,如控制信号158所示)来确定ISC产生电路158的配置。在第一配置中,ISC产生电路158可以被配置为产生ISC信号。例如,在第一配置中,ISC产生电路158可以对应于下述部分或作为下述部分操作:在此参考图1A和2-8D描述的脉冲整形器104。在第二配置中,ISC产生电路158可以被配置为近零正ISI脉冲整形滤波器(例如,可以基于根升余弦(RRC)脉冲整形滤波器被配置或被配置得近似根升余弦(RRC)脉冲整形滤波器)。第一配置可以对应于第一数量的滤波器抽头和/或第一组的抽头系数。第二配置可以对应于第二数量的滤波器抽头和/或第二组的抽头系数。又如,ISC产生电路158的第一配置可以是下述一个:其中,它执行低于奈奎斯特频率的抽选,使得混叠导致ISC信号。又如,ISC产生电路158的第一配置可以是下述一个:其中,它执行产生ISC信号的点阵编码。
定时导频插入电路105可以是参考例如图1A来上述的。在一种示例实现方式中,可以基于发射器的操作模式(例如,如控制信号158所示)来确定插入导频的码元频率的次谐波。即,如果在Fbaud/D下插入定时导频,则可以基于发射器的操作模式(例如,如控制信号158所示)。相关地,可以基于发射器的操作模式(例如,如控制信号158所示)来使能或禁止定时导频插入电路105。
发射前端106可以是参考图1A上述的。前端106的不同配置可以对应于例如前端106的放大器的不同功率回退设置。较大的功率回退可以对应于相对于参考点(例如,1dB压缩点)比与较小的功率回退对应的操作电更远的操作点。结果,较大的功率回退设置可以对应于以降低的发射功率和能量效率为代价的增大的线性。
在运行中,发射器可以支持多个模式,该模式的每一个对应于映射器102、ISC产生电路158、定时导频插入电路105、发射前端电路106和时钟152的每一个的特定配置。可以动态地(例如,实时或近实时地、基于近期的测量和/或反馈和/或用户输入)配置发射器。在一种示例实现方式中,发射器可以支持由在表1中所示的参数表征的两种模式。
表1
其中,N和M是整数;D是实数;Fb1是在模式1中的波特率;Fb2是在模式2中的波特率;PBO1是在模式1中的前端106的放大器的功率回退设置;PBO2是在模式2中的前端106的放大器的功率回退设置;并且,P1、P2和P3是三个回退极限,其中,P1>P2>P3,使得P1对应于相对于参考点比与P2对应的操作点更远的操作点,并且,P2对应于相对于参考点比与P3对应的操作点更远的操作点(即,P3导致比P2更高的发射功率和更多的非线性失真,并且,P2导致比P1更高的发射功率和更多的非线性失真)。在这样的实现方式中,映射器102、ISC产生电路158、时钟152、导频插入电路105和前端106可以被配置使得在表1中的两个模式在相同但是具有不同码元星座的带宽(即,相同的频谱效率)中获得相同的通过量。即,模式1可以使用N-QAM星座、具有有效带宽BW1的RRC脉冲形状滤波、第一波特率Fb1和具有较低的非线性失真的放大器设置来获得特定的通过量,而模式2可以使用M-QAM码元星座(N>M)、具有有效带宽BW2=BW1的部分响应(PR)脉冲形状滤波、第二波特率Fb2=log2(N)/log2(M)×Fb1和具有较高的非线性失真的放大器设置来获得通过量。
在一种示例实现方式中,M=N(即,该两种模式使用相同的星座),BW2=BW1/X,Fb1=Fb2(即,该两种模式使用相同的波特率),并且,PBO1=PBO2(即,该两种模式使用放大器的相同的功率回退设置),并且,作为模式2的提高的频谱效率的结果,模式2获得与模式1相同的通过量,但是使用小于X的因子的带宽。
图1C是图示可操作用于支持低复杂度的、高度频谱有效的通信的多模接收器的框图。在图1C中示出接收前端108、接收滤波器109、定时导频去除电路110、均衡和序列估计电路112、控制电路174和FEC解码器电路176。
控制电路174可以包括例如专用集成电路(ASIC)、可编程中断控制器(PIC)、基于ARM的处理器、基于x86的处理器和/或可操作用于基于一个或多个参数来控制接收器的配置的任何其他适当电路。接收器的配置所基于的参数可以包括例如来自接收器所驻留在的装置(例如,移动电话、膝上型计算机或基站等)的用户的输入和/或在该装置上运行的软件应用。接收器的配置可以基于的参数可以包括由接收器的电路测量的性能指示符,诸如测量的噪声电平、温度、电池充电水平、码元误差率(SER)、误码率(BER)、信噪比(SNR)、由序列估计电路计算的度量、由接收器在使用中的非线性模型、由接收器测量的相位误差、用于指示在信道中存在的多径的数量的测量和/或任何其他相关性能指示符等。接收器的配置可以基于的参数可以包括要接收的数据的特性。这样的特性可以包括例如服务质量参数(例如,延迟和/或通过量要求)和/或数据在发射期间体验的非线性失真的模型、通过信道的传播和/或接收器的接收。接收器的配置可以基于的参数可以是由接收器期望从其接收通信的发射器传送(例如,在信标信号中)的参数。这样的参数可以包括例如功率回退(和/或非线性的其他指示)、在使用中的码元星座、在使用中的脉冲形状滤波的类型、波特率等。接收器的配置可以基于的参数可以包括接收器期望从其接收通信的发射器的操作模式。这样的操作模式可以例如在控制消息中(例如,在信标信号中)被传送到接收器,并且被中继到控制电路174。
控制电路174也可以操作用于产生指示接收器的配置的控制消息。这样的控制消息可以例如被插入发射的数据流内并且/或者在信标信号的控制信道上被发射,以向发射器提供反馈。这样的控制消息可以被多模发射器用于其电路的配置。
定时导频去除电路110可以如上所述,并且可以例如包括一个或多个锁相环(PLL),用于恢复所接收信号的码元定时,并且输出由恢复的码元定时确定的时钟信号。
接收前端108可以是例如参考图1A上述的。接收器前端108的不同配置可以例如对应于前端108的放大器和/或衰减器的功率回退设置的不同组合。较大的功率回退可以对应于相对于参考点(例如,1dB压缩点)比与较小的功率回退对应的操作电更远的操作点。结果,较大的功率回退设置可以对应于以降低的发射功率和能量效率为代价的增大的线性。
可以基于接收器的操作模式(例如,如控制信号178所示)来确定接收滤波器109的配置。在第一配置中,接收滤波器109可以如参考图1A和2-8D在此所述地操作。即,在第一配置中,接收滤波器109可以被配置为获得期望的总的部分响应。然而,在第二配置中,接收滤波器109可以被配置为近零正ISI脉冲整形滤波器(例如,根升余弦(RRC)脉冲整形滤波器)。第一配置可以对应于第一数量的滤波器抽头和/或第一组的抽头系数。第二配置可以对应于第二数量的滤波器抽头和/或第二组的抽头系数。
可以基于接收器的操作模式(例如,如控制信号178所示)来确定均衡和序列估计电路112的配置。在第一配置中,均衡和序列估计电路112可以如例如参考图1A和2-8D在此所述地操作。即,在第一配置中,均衡和序列估计电路112可以检测/估计ISC码元的序列。然而,在第二配置中,均衡和序列估计电路112可以检测/估计独立的码元(即,在长度上仅为一个码元的序列)。因此,在第二配置中,均衡和序列估计电路112可以执行限幅,并且每一个估计/确定(硬或软)可以仅取决于当前码元。因此,均衡和序列估计电路112的配置可以基于例如在接收的信号中的码元间相关的指示。在产生在接收的码元之间的相关的严重的信道多径和/或相位噪声的情况下,电路112可以被配置来用于通过序列估计方法来解码码元,以与逐个码元限幅/确定作比较改善解码性能。
FEC解码器176可以根据里德-索罗门或低密度奇偶校验(LDPC)算法的一个或多个算法来执行FEC解码。可以基于发射器的操作模式(例如,如控制信号178所示)来确定FEC编码率和/或所使用的解码算法。例如,可以转换FEC类型(例如,LDPC、RS等)以匹配调制类型,并且可以优化FEC比率以基于发射器的操作模式来提高容量。在迭代FEC模式(例如,LDPC、turbo)的一些情况下,代码结构可以变化以利用部分响应信号误差的统计特性。可以通过适当的误差模型的动态选择来改善FEC解码性能。
在运行中,接收器可以支持多个模式,该模式的每一个对应于接收前端108、接收滤波器109、定时导频去除电路110、均衡和序列估计电路112和控制电路174的每一个的特定配置。可以动态地(例如,实时或近实时地、基于近期的测量和/或反馈)配置接收器。在一种示例实现方式中,接收器可以支持由在表2中所示的参数表征的两种模式。
表2
模式 接收滤波器109 时钟152 前端108 均衡和序列估计112
1 RRC,BW1 Fb1 P4>PBO3>P5 限幅
2 PR,BW2 2×Fb1 P4>PBO4>P6 序列估计
其中,Fb1是用于模式1的波特率;PBO3是在模式1中的前端108的放大器的功率回退设置;PBO4是在模式2中的前端108的放大器的功率回退设置;并且,P4、P5和P6是三个回退极限,其中,P4>P5>P6,使得P4对应于相对于参考点比与P5对应的操作点更远的操作点,并且,P5对应于相对于参考点比与P6对应的操作点更远的操作点(即,P6导致比P5更多的非线性失真,并且,P5导致比P4更多的非线性失真)。在接收器中,在线性和噪声系数性能之间存在折中。允许高的非线性失真可以使得能够改善整体噪声系数,这继而可以改善解调器灵敏度。因此,能够容忍严重的非线性失真的接收器可以允许配置用于最佳的噪声系数的那个接收器。
在这样的实现方式中,接收前端108、接收滤波器109和均衡和序列估计电路112可以被配置使得,对于相同的通过量和相同的频谱效率,模式2提供了比模式1更好的在大约操作SNR(例如,30dB SNR)的接收(例如,更低的SER)。对于给定的接收信号电平(RSL),在模式2处的系统可以因为容忍在接收器前端处始发的较大非线性失真的能力而与模式1作比较改善SNR,并且因此降低了噪声系数,这提高了所观察到的SNR。图10描述了在示例约束下的模式1和2的SER对SNR。
图2是描述在被配置用于低复杂度的、高度频谱有效的通信的系统中使用的示例均衡和序列估计电路的框图。示出了均衡器电路202、信号组合器电路204、相位调整电路206、序列估计电路210与非线性建模电路236a和236b。
均衡器202可以可操作用于处理信号122,以降低由信道107引起的ISI。均衡器202的输出222是不同响应域信号。信号222的ISI主要是脉冲整形器104和输入滤波器109的结果(例如,因为在均衡器202中的最小均方(LMS)手段的使用而存在来自多径的某些残余ISI)。被反馈到均衡器202的误差信号201也在部分响应域中。信号201是由组合器204计算的在222和被非线性建模电路236a输出的部分响应信号203之间的差。在下文中描述了均衡器的示例实现方式:题目为“Feed Forward Equalization for Highly-Spectrally-Efficient Communications(用于高度频谱有效的通信的前馈均衡)”的美国专利申请,其通过引用被并入在此,如上所述。
载波恢复电路208可以可操作用于基于在信号222和由非线性建模电路236b输出的部分响应信号207之间的相位差来产生信号228。载波恢复电路208可以如在下文中所述:题目为“Coarse Phase Estimation for Highly-Spectrally-Efficient Communications(用于高度频谱有效的通信的粗相位估计)”的美国专利申请,其通过引用被并入在此,如上所述。
相位调整电路206可以可操作用于调整信号222的相位以产生信号226。可以通过由载波恢复电路208输出的信号228确定该相位调整的数量和方向。信号226是近似(取决于由均衡器202的有限长度引起的均衡误差、未被相位调整电路206基站的残余相位误差、非线性和/或其他非理想因素)从源自通过脉冲整形器104和输入滤波器109的信号103的对应的码元的总的部分响应信号的部分响应信号。
缓冲器212缓冲信号226的采样,并且经由信号232输出信号226的多个采样。信号232被表示为PR1,其中,下划线指示它是向量(在该情况下,该向量的每一个元素对应于部分响应信号的采样)。在一种示例实现方式中,向量PR1的长度可以是Q个采样。
向序列估计电路210的输入是信号232、信号228和响应响应基于h(总的部分响应,如上所述)。例如,响应可以表示在h(如上所述)和补偿诸如多径的信道非理想因素的滤波器响应之间的折中。响应可以以LTx+LRx–1抽头系数的形式被传送和/或存储,该LTx+LRx–1抽头系数源自脉冲整形器104的LTx抽头系数和输入滤波器109的LRx抽头系数的卷积。替代地,可以以小于LTx+LRx–1抽头系数的形式来传送和/或存储响应例如,其中,LTx和LRx的一个或多个抽头因为小于确定的阈值而被忽略。序列估计电路210可以输出部分响应反馈信号205和209、与信号120的精细确定的相位误差对应的信号234和信号132(在承载发射的码元和/或发射的比特的硬和/或软估计)。下面参考图3来描述序列估计电路210的示例实现方式。
非线性建模电路236a可以向信号205应用非线性函数(由在到电路210的途中的接收信号看到的非线性的模型),导致信号203。类似地,非线性建模电路236b可以向信号209应用非线性函数导致信号207。可以例如是三阶或五阶多项式。源自用于的高阶多项式的使用的提高的精度可能随着实现高阶多项式的增大的复杂度而这种。当FnlTx是通信系统100的支配的非线性时,仅将FnlTx建模的可能足够。当在接收器性能上的变差因为在系统中的其他非线性(例如,接收器前端108的非线性)而大于阈值时,模型可以考虑这样的其他非线性。
图3是描述在被配置用于低复杂度的、高度频谱有效的通信的系统中使用的示例序列估计电路的框图。示出了候选者产生电路302、度量计算电路304、候选者选择电路306、组合器电路308、缓冲器电路310、缓冲器电路312、相位调整电路314与卷积电路316a和316b。相对于图3描述的序列估计处理仅是示例。序列估计处理的许多变化也是可能的。例如,虽然在此所述的实现方式每一个码元幸存者使用一个相位幸存者,但是另一种实现方式可以具有将对于每个码元幸存者共同地使用的PSu(例如,PSu<Su)个相位幸存者。
对于在时间n处的每一个码元候选者,度量计算电路304可以可操作用于基于部分响应信号PR1、用于传送相位候选向量的信号303a和用于传送码元候选向量的信号303b产生度量向量其中,下划线指示向量,下标n指示它是用于时间n的候选向量。M是等于码元字母表的大小的整数(例如,对于N-QAM,M等于N),Su是等于对序列估计处理的每次迭代保留的码元幸存者相邻的数量的整数,并且,P是等于相位字母表的大小的整数。在一个示例实现方式中,相位字母表的大小是3,该三个码元的每一个对应于下述部分之一:正移位、负相移或零相移,如参考图5A-5D在下面和在下文中进一步描述:题目为“Fine Phase Estimation for Highly Spectrally EfficientCommunications(用于高度频谱有效的通信的精细相位估计)”的美国专利申请,其通过引用被并入在此,如上所述。在一种示例实现方式中,每个相位候选向量可以包括Q个相位值,并且每个码元候选向量可以包括Q个码元。下面参考图4来描述度量计算块的示例实现方式。
候选者选择电路306可以可操作用于基于度量来选择码元候选者的Su个和相位候选者的Su个。所选择的相位候选者被称为相位幸存者每一个相位幸存者的每一个元素可以对应于在信号232中的残余相位误差的估计。即,在经由相位调整电路206的粗相位纠错后在信号中剩余的相位误差。经由信号307a来传送最佳的相位幸存者对于序列估计处理的下一次迭代保留Su个相位幸存者(此时,经由信号301b来传送它们)。所选择的码元候选者被称为码元幸存者每一个码元幸存者的每一个元素可以包括信号232的码元的软决策估计和/或硬决策估计。经由信号307b电力调节器;向码元缓冲器310传送该最佳的码元幸存者对于序列估计处理的下一次迭代保留Su个码元幸存者(此时,经由信号301a来传送它们)。虽然所述的示例实现方式选择相同数量Su个相位幸存者和码元幸存者,但是这不必然是该情况。下面参考图5D和6A-6B来描述候选者选择电路306的操作。
候选者产生电路302可以可操作用于从相位幸存者和码元幸存者产生相位候选者和码元候选者其中,索引n-1指示它们是来自时间n-1的幸存者,用于产生用于时间n的候选者。在一种示例实现方式中,相位和/和码元候选者的产生可以例如如下参考图5A和5B并且/或者在下文中所述:题目为“Joint Sequence Estimation of Symbol and Phase with High Tolerance ofNonlinearity(具有非线性的高容忍度的码元和相位的联合序列估计)”的美国专利申请,其通过引用被并入在此,如上所述。
码元缓冲器电路310可以包括多个存储器元件,该多个存储器元件可操作用于存储一个或多个码元幸存者向量的一个或多个码元幸存者元素。相位缓冲器电路312可以包括可操作用于存储一个或多个相位幸存者向量的多个存储器元件。下面分别参考图8A和8B来描述缓冲器310和312的示例实现方式。
组合器电路308可以可操作用于将经由信号307a传送的最佳的相位幸存者与由载波恢复电路208(图2)产生的信号228组合,以产生经由信号309传送的精细相位误差向量其对应于信号222(图2)的精细估计的相位误差。在每一个时间n处,可以通过来重写在相位缓冲器312中存储的精细相位误差向量
相位调整电路314可以可操作用于将信号315b的相位调整由相位缓冲器312输出的信号234确定的数量,以产生信号205。
执行卷积的电路316a可以包括例如FIR滤波器或IIR滤波器。电路316a可以可操作用于将信号132与响应卷积,产生部分响应信号315a。类似地,卷积电路316b可以可操作用于将信号317与响应卷积,产生部分响应信号209。如上所述,响应可以以一个或多个抽头系数的形式被序列估计电路210存储和/或被传送到序列估计电路210,可以基于脉冲整形器104和/或输入滤波器109的抽头系数和/或基于判决反馈均衡器(DFE)的适配算法来确定该一个或多个抽头系数。响应可以因此表示在一方面尝试良好地重构总的部分响应信号(如脉冲整形器104和输入滤波器109修改的103)和另一方面补偿信道107的多径和/或其他非理想因素之间的折中。在这一点上,系统100可以包括在下文的独断中描述的一个或多个DFE:题目为“Decision Feedback Equalizer for Highly-Spectrally-EfficientCommunications(用于高度频谱有效的通信的判决反馈均衡器)”的美国专利申请、题目为“Decision Feedback Equalizer with Multiple Cores for Highly-Spectrally-Efficient Communications(具有用于高度频谱有效的通信的多个核心的判决反馈均衡器)”的美国专利申请和题目为“Decision Feedback Equalizer Utilizing Symbol ErrorRate Biased Adaptation Function for Highly-Spectrally-EfficientCommunications(利用用于高度频谱有效的通信的误码率偏置的适配功能的判决反馈均衡器)”的美国专利申请,其每一个通过引用被并入在此,如上所述。
因此,通过下述方式来产生信号203:获取发射的码元(码元幸存者的元素)的第一估计,经由电路316a将发射的码元的第一估计转换为部分响应域,并且然后,经由电路236a来补偿在通信系统100中的非线性(图2)。类似地,从发射的码元(码元幸存者的元素)的第二估计来产生信号207,该第二估计被电路316b转换为部分响应域,以产生信号209,并且然后,向信号209b应用非线性模型以补偿在信号路径中的非线性。
图4是描述在被配置用于低复杂度的、高度频谱有效的通信的系统中使用的示例度量计算电路的框图。示出了相位调整电路402、卷积电路404和成本函数计算电路406。相位调整电路402可以将向量PR1(经由信号232传送)的一个或多个元素相位移位相位候选向量的对应的一个或多个值。由相位调整电路402输出的信号403因此传送多个部分响应向量其每一个包括PR1的多个相位调整的版本。
执行卷积的卷积电路404可以包括例如FIR滤波器或IIR滤波器。电路404可以可操作用于将码元候选向量卷积。由电路404输出的信号405因此传送向量其每一个是候选部分响应向量。
成本函数计算电路406可以可操作用于产生用于指示在部分响应向量的一个或多个和向量的一个或多个之间的类似度的度量,以产生误差度量在一种示例实现方式中,该误差度量可以是如下面在等式1中所示计算的欧氏距离。
图5A-5D描述了由被配置用于低复杂度的、高度频谱有效的通信的系统执行的示例序列估计处理的部分。在图5A-5D中,为了说明的目的而假定M=4(α,β,χ,δ的码元字母表),Su=3(每次迭代选择三个码元幸存者),Psu=Su(每次迭代选择三个相位幸存者),P=3(+、-和0的相位字母表),并且,Q(向量长度)是4。
参见图5A,在该图的左侧示出了来自时间n-1的相位和码元幸存者。在从幸存者产生码元候选者和相位候选者中的第一步骤是复制幸存者,并且将内容移位以空出在图5A的右侧上的、作为502被调出的结果产生的向量的每一个中的元素。在所描述的示例实现方式中,将幸存者复制M*P-1次,并且移位一个元素。
参见图5B,在产生候选者中的下一步步骤是在码元向量空元素中插入码元,并且在相位向量的空元素中插入相位值,导致用于时间n的码元候选者和相位候选者(在图5B中作为504被调出)。在所描述的示例实现方式中,向Su*P个码元候选者内插入M个可能码元值的每个,并且,可以向M*Su个候选者内插入P个相位值的每个。在所描述的示例实现方式中,θ5是基于相位幸存者计算的参考相位值。例如,θ5可以是相位幸存者的最后两个或更多元素的平均值(或加权平均值)(在所示的示例中,在最后两个元素上的平均值将是(θ5+0)/2)。在所描述的示例实现方式中,θ4=θ5-Δθ,并且θ6=θ5+Δθ,其中,Δθ基于:在信号226中的相位噪声的数量、在信号226中的相位噪声的斜率(导数)、信号226的信噪比(SNR)和/或信道107的容量。类似地,在所示的示例实现方式中,θ8是基于相位幸存者计算的参考相位值,θ7=θ8-Δθ,θ9=θ8+Δθ,θ11是基于相位幸存者计算的参考相位值,θ10=θ11-Δθ,并且θ12=θ11+Δθ。
参考图5C,如上参考图4所述,码元候选者经由卷积被转换为部分响应域,参考信号PR1被相位调整,并且然后,基于部分响应信号来计算度量
参考图5D,在图5C中计算的度量用于选择在图5B中产生的候选者的哪个被选择为用于序列估计处理的下一次迭代的幸存者。图5D描述了一种示例实现方式,其中,通过简单地选择与Su个最佳度量对应的Su个候选者来在单个步骤中选择幸存者。在所描述的示例实现方式中,假定度量是最佳度量,是第二最佳度量,并且是第三最佳度量。因此,码元候选者被选择为最佳码元幸存者,被选择为最佳相位幸存者,码元候选者被选择为第二最佳码元幸存者,被选择为第二最佳相位幸存者,码元候选者被选择为第三最佳码元幸存者,并且,被选择为第三最佳相位幸存者。图5D的幸存者选择过程可以导致选择可能不期望的相同的码元候选者。下面参考图6A和6B来描述防止冗余的码元幸存者的幸存者选择过程。
图6A和6B描述了作为在图5D中描述的处理的替代的示例幸存者选择处理。在图6A中,在图5B中产生的候选者和在图5C中计算的度量用于选择用于每一个码元候选者的最佳相位候选者(通过附图标记602来调出选择的候选者)。在图6B中,在图6A中选择的候选者的最佳的Su被选择为用于序列估计处理的下一个迭代的幸存者。在所描述的示例实现方式中,假定度量是最佳度量,是第二最佳度量,并且,是第三最佳度量。因此,将码元候选者选择为最佳码元幸存者,将选择为最佳相位幸存者,将码元候选者选择为第二最佳码元幸存者,将选择为第二最佳相位幸存者,将码元候选者选择为第三最佳码元幸存者,并且,将选择为第三最佳相位幸存者。
虽然参考图5A-6B描述的实现方式对于每一个码元幸存者使用一个相位幸存者,但是其他示例实现方式可以使用对于每一个码元幸存者公共地使用的PSu(例如,PSu<Su)个相位幸存者。在这样的实现方式中,相位幸存者的每一个可以被复制P次,以产生相位接续者,并且然后被复制M*Su次以与对应的码元接续者相关联。在这样的实现方式中的码元候选者的数量将是M*Su*PSu*P。
图7是图示序列估计处理的初始化的图。在图7中,再一次为了说明而假定,M=4(α,β,χ,δ的码元字母表),Su=3(每次迭代选择三个码元幸存者),Psu=Su(每次迭代选择三个相位幸存者),P=3(+、-和0的相位字母表),并且,Q(向量长度)是4。在图7的最左边示出在接收到前导码序列后的码元幸存者702。因为前导码是确定序列,所以所有的码元幸存者被强制为相同的值。从幸存者702产生了候选者704,并且基于候选者704计算度量706。在所示的示例实现方式中,因为幸存者全部相同,所以仅存在四个独特的码元候选者。用于该四个候选者的度量部分是D1、D2、D3和D4。因此,如果选择了与最佳的三个度量对应的三个候选者,则与D1对应的三个候选者将全部被选择,并且用于下一个迭代的幸存者将再一次全部相同。因此,选择三个最佳的、非冗余的码元候选者(如由粗线指示)。因此,选择具有度量值D1的候选者之一,选择具有度量值D2的候选者之一,并且选择具有度量值D3的候选者之一,使得三个非冗余候选者用于下一个迭代。
图8A描述了在图3中所示的相位缓冲器的示例实现方式。在描述的示例实现方式中,相位缓冲器312的深度是Q,并且对于从1至Q的q,在元素q处存储的相位值被表示为Zq。在描述的示例实现方式中,在元素q3处存储的值被输出为信号234。对于序列估计处理的每次迭代,可以使用的Q值来重写用于存储的Q值的相位缓冲器312的Q元素。
图8B描述了在图3中所示的码元缓冲器的示例实现方式。在描述的示例实现方式中,在以索引q1开始的一个或多个元素中存储的值(例如,在元素q1至q1+L中存储的值)被输出为信号317,并且,在以索引q2开始的一个或多个元素中存储的值(例如,在元素q2至q2+L中存储的值)被输出为信号132。因为被输出为信号317的值从码元缓冲器的较低索引的元素开始,所以在接收到信号采样和输出信号317的对应值之间的延迟短于在接收到信号采样和输出信号132的对应值之间的延迟。然而,因为被输出为信号132的值从较高索引的原始开始,所以其可能不易出错。参考图8C和8D来进一步说明这些概念。在示例实现方式中,q2等于q3。
图8C描述了在序列估计处理的多次迭代上的示例码元缓冲器的内容。在图8C中所示的示例实现方式中,码元缓冲器310包括四个元素,信号317与第一元素的内容对应(为了说明的简化,在图8C和8D中,假定在每次迭代,仅一个元素被输出为信号317),并且信号132对应于第四元素(为了说明的简化,在图8C和8D中,假定在每次迭代,仅一个元素被输出为信号312)。在所描述的示例实现方式中,在序列估计处理的每次迭代期间,通过下述方式来产生候选者:复制来自前一次迭代的幸存者,将该值移位一个元素,并且向空出的元素添加新值。因此,理想上,每一个幸存者仅在最低索引的元素(对应于最近的码元)与前一个幸存者不同。当最近幸存者的其他元素与前一个幸存者的对应的元素不同时,这样的差别指示在那些元素中(在最近的幸存者中或在前一个幸存者中)存在误差。考虑到部分响应信号的卷积特性,在缓冲器中的较高索引出的码元更可靠。因此,码元值当它们向在图8C中的右方移动时意图收敛。
示出了在时间n-3、n-1和n出的示例码元缓冲器310的内容。在时间n-3出,在码元缓冲器310中存储具有值α,β,χ,δ的码元幸存者。因此,如图8D中所示,在时间n-3出后的信号317的值是‘α’,并且信号132的值是‘δ’。在时间n-2处,在码元缓冲器310中存储具有值δ,β,β,χ的新的码元幸存者。因此,如图8D中所示,在时间n-2处的信号317的值是‘δ’,并且信号132的值是‘χ’。在时间n-1处,在码元缓冲器310中存储具有值χ,δ,β,β的新的码元幸存者。因此,如图8D中所示,在时间n-1处的信号317的值是‘χ’,并且,信号132的值是‘β’。在时间n处,在码元缓冲器310中存储具有值β,χ,δ,β的新的码元幸存者。因此,如图8D中所示,在时间n处的信号317的值是‘β’,并且,信号132的值是‘β’。因此,在图8C中描述的示例情况下,在时间n-3处在码元缓冲器310的第一元素中的值是错误的,并且该码元不收敛,直到它达到缓冲器310的第二元素(q=2)。即,在时间n-2处,码元从α改变为β,并且然后在时间n-1和n处保持在β。这图示了从码元缓冲器310的第一元素获得信号317并且从码元缓冲器312的第四元素获取信号132的结果。即,信号317具有比信号132更少的延迟,但是也比信号132更容易出错。
在图8D中,对于时间n-3至时间n+3示出了信号的值。虚线图示了在信号317和信号132之间的延迟。
图9是图示了多模发射器的动态配置的流程图。在块902中,发射器上电。在块904中,发射器所驻留的装置(例如,移动电话)的用户和/或应用层发出使得发射器被配置到第一操作模式中的命令。这样的命令可以例如响应于与支持第一物理层协议/标准的第一接收器进行通信的需要或期望。补充地或替代地,这样的命令可以响应于代表第一接收器发送的请求(例如,来自在第一装置中驻留的发射器连同第一接收器)。在块906中,发射器被配置到第一操作模式(例如,上面的表1的模式1)内。该第一操作模式可以使用例如RRC脉冲整形。在块908中,在第一模式中配置的发射器发射意图用于第一接收器的信息。第一接收器可以接收该发射,并且处理它以恢复发射的信息。
在块910中,发射器所驻留的装置(例如,移动电话)的用户和/或应用层发出使得发射器被配置到第二操作模式中的命令。这样的命令可以例如响应于与支持第二物理层协议/标准的第二接收器进行通信的需要或期望。补充地或替代地,这样的命令可以响应于代表第二接收器发送的请求(例如,来自在第二装置中驻留的发射器连同第二接收器)。在一种示例实现方式中,分区可以例如在转换到模式2之前使用模式1通信来确认该请求。发射器可以例如可操作用于在逐个帧的基础上在模式之间转换。在块906中,发射器被配置到第一操作模式(例如,上面的表1的模式1)内。在块912中,发射器被配置到第二操作模式(例如,上面的表1的模式2)内。第二操作模式可以使用例如部分响应脉冲整形。在块914中,在第二模式中配置的发射器发射意图用于第二接收器的信息。在块916中,发射器掉电。
图10在被配置到表2的模式1内并且被配置到表2的模式2中的接收器的码元误差率(SER)对SNR之间比较。为了图10的目的,总的频谱效率已经被设置为10比特/秒/Hz。行1002表示模式1的理想性能(在Fb1处的QAM1024),并且行1004表示模式2的理想性能(在2×Fb1处的PR10,其使用QAM32星座),而没有相位噪声也没有非线性失真。行1006表示模式1的性能,并且行1008表示模式2的性能,该模式2在100KHz的频率偏移下具有-90dBc/Hz的SSB相位噪声。该相位噪声模型具有-20dB/dec的固定斜率。行1010表示模式1的性能,并且行1012表示在组合相位噪声和非线性失真下的模式2的性能。非线性失真模型在没有存储器的情况下的第三阶饱和,其中,φ被选择为30°,以建立多项式鞍点,它是限幅(饱和)点:
并且,根据期望的失真水平(回退)来设置r。
在理想条件下,所示的模式2比在大约3x10-2的SER所示的模式1执行得好3.5dB,3x10-2的SER是用于具有在大约0.95的FEC速率的10-6的BER的实际参考。所示的模式2和模式1两者在使用5%的码元导频开销(POH)。所示的模式2使用HPSE来估计相位噪声,而所示的模式1使用良好的决定来用于载波恢复环路(为了所有其他的解调目的,它使用码元导频和初步决定)。相位噪声将模式1变差1dB,但是将模式2变差仅0.4dB。所示的模式2的发射功率比所示的模式1高4.5dB。尽管如此,组合的相位噪声和非线性失真使得所示的模式1变差2.2dB,同时它影响所示的模式2仅0.6dB。所示的模式2的整体SER改善是大约5.3dB,而所示的模式2因为部分响应(存储器)的特性而具有误差相关,因此,用于所示的模式2的FEC增益比所示的模式1的FEC增益低1dB。因此,实际的灵敏度益处限于4.3dB。相对于所示的模式1的所示的模式2的发射功率益处是4.5dB,因此,通过使用所示的模式2而不是所示的模式1的对于系统增益的总的贡献是8.8dB。但是因为频谱遮罩限制,所以发射功率必须低于P1dB-4.5dB,使得频谱再生长将不超过适用的频谱遮罩,因此,所示的模式2相对于所示的模式1的在发射功率上的实际益处是3dB,并且使用模式2而不是所示的模式1的整体系统增益益处是7.3dB。通过使用波峰因数缩小(CFR)和预失真方法,,用于所示的模式2的发射功率可以增大,而不违反适用的频谱遮罩,并且源自所示模式2而不是所示的模式1的使用的系统增益益处可以接近8.8dB。
可以以硬件、软件或硬件和软件的组合来实现本方法和/或系统。可以在至少一个计算系统中以集中的方式或以分布方式来实现本方法和/或系统,在该分布方式中,在几个互连的计算系统上散布不同的元件。被适配来用于执行在此所述的方法的任何种类的计算系统或其他设备是适合的。硬件和软件的典型的组合可以是通用计算系统,该系统具有程序或其他代码,该程序或其他代码当被加载或执行时控制该计算系统使得它执行在此所述的方法。另一种典型的实现方式可以包括专用集成电路或芯片。
也可以在计算机程序产品中嵌入本方法和/或系统,该计算机程序产品包括使得能够实现在此所述的方法的所有特征,并且该计算机程序产品当被加载在计算机系统中时能够执行这些方法。在本上下文中的计算机程序表示一组指令的以任何语言、代码或表示的任何表达,该一组指令意图使得具有信息处理能力的系统或者直接地或在下述部分的任何一个或两者之后执行特定功能:a)向另一种语言、代码或表示的转换;b)以不同的材料像素的再现。
虽然已经参考特定实现方式描述了本方法和/或系统,但是本领域中的技术人员可以明白,在不偏离本方法和/或系统的范围的情况下,可以进行各种改变,并且可以替代等同内容。另外,可以作出许多修改,以将特定当前块或材料适应于本公开的教导,而不偏离其范围。因此,意图本方法和/或系统不限于所公开的具体实现方式,而是本方法和/或系统将包括落在所附的权利要求的范围内的所有实现方式。

Claims (15)

1.一种通信系统,包括:
发射器,其包含耦合至放大器的码元间相关产生电路,并可配置为在至少两个模式中运行,其中:
在所述发射器被配置到所述模式的第一个中的同时,所述码元间相关产生电路被配置为近零正码元间干扰(ISI)滤波器;以及
在所述发射器被配置到所述模式的第二个中的同时,所述码元间相关产生电路被配置为产生在码元间相关(ISC)信号的码元之间存在相关的所述码元间相关信号,且由所述放大器使用的功率回退的数量小于在所述发射器被配置到所述模式的所述第一个中的同时由所述放大器使用的功率回退。
2.根据权利要求1所述的通信系统,其中,基于来自接收器的反馈或请求,控制所述发射器被配置到所述模式的哪个中。
3.根据权利要求1所述的通信系统,其中,基于测量的性能指示符,控制所述发射器被配置到所述模式的哪个中。
4.根据权利要求1所述的通信系统,其中,基于来自在其中安装了所述发射器的装置上运行的应用的命令,控制所述发射器被配置到所述模式的哪个中。
5.根据权利要求1所述的通信系统,其中,在所述发射器被配置到所述模式的第二个中的同时,所述码元间相关产生电路被配置为部分响应脉冲整形滤波器。
6.一种通信系统,包括:
发射器,其包含码元间相关产生电路和码元映射电路,并可配置为在至少两个模式中运行,其中:
在所述发射器被配置到所述模式的第一个中的同时,所述发射器被配置为使用被配置为近零正码元间干扰(ISI)滤波器的所述码元间相关产生电路;
在所述发射器被配置到所述模式的第二个中的同时,所述发射器被配置为使用所述码元间相关产生电路以产生在码元间相关(ISC)信号的码元之间存在相关的所述码元间相关信号;
所述码元映射电路在所述发射器被配置到所述模式的所述第一个中的同时使用N-QAM码元星座;
所述码元映射电路在所述发射器被配置到所述模式的所述第二个中的同时使用M-QAM码元星座;
N是整数;并且
M是小于N的整数。
7.根据权利要求6所述的通信系统,其中,基于来自接收器的反馈或请求,控制所述发射器被配置到所述模式的哪个中。
8.根据权利要求6所述的通信系统,其中,基于测量的性能指示符,控制所述发射器被配置到所述模式的哪个中。
9.根据权利要求6所述的通信系统,其中,基于来自在其中安装了所述发射器的装置上运行的应用的命令,控制所述发射器被配置到所述模式的哪个中。
10.根据权利要求6所述的通信系统,其中,在所述发射器被配置到所述模式的第二个中的同时,所述码元间相关产生电路被配置为部分响应脉冲整形滤波器。
11.一种通信系统,包括:
发射器,其包含码元间相关产生电路和码元映射电路,并可配置为在至少两个模式中运行,其中:
在所述发射器被配置到所述模式的第一个中的同时,所述发射器被配置为使用被配置为近零正码元间干扰(ISI)滤波器的所述码元间相关产生电路;
在所述发射器被配置到所述模式的第二个中的同时,所述发射器被配置为使用经配置以产生在码元间相关(ISC)信号的码元之间存在相关的所述码元间相关信号的所述码元间相关产生电路;
在被配置到所述模式的所述第一个中的同时,所述发射器使用被配置用于N-QAM星座的所述码元映射电路来实现特定的频谱效率;
在被配置到所述模式的所述第二个中的同时,所述发射器使用被配置用于M-QAM星座的所述码元映射电路来实现特定的频谱效率;
N是整数;
M是小于N的整数。
12.根据权利要求11所述的通信系统,其中,基于来自接收器的反馈或请求,控制所述发射器被配置到所述模式的哪个中。
13.根据权利要求11所述的通信系统,其中,基于测量的性能指示符,控制所述发射器被配置到所述模式的哪个中。
14.根据权利要求11所述的通信系统,其中,基于来自在其中安装了所述发射器的装置上运行的应用的命令,控制所述发射器被配置到所述模式的哪个中。
15.根据权利要求11所述的通信系统,其中,在所述发射器被配置到所述模式的第二个中的同时,所述码元间相关产生电路被配置为部分响应脉冲整形滤波器。
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