CN104350411A - 宽视场虚拟图像投影仪 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种宽视场虚拟图像投影仪包括被浮雕有至少第一衍射光栅402、404、406、408和与第一衍射光栅基本上平行的第二衍射光栅402、404、406、408的杆状光导122。第一衍射光栅被配置为接收第一光射线，并且以第一角度范围从杆状光导投影第一衍射光射线。第二衍射光栅被配置为接收第二光射线，并且以第二角度范围从杆状光导投影第二衍射光射线。衍射光栅402、404、406和408的空间频率不同，从而使得从每个衍射光栅投影的衍射光射线以不同的角度范围被投影。不同的角度范围一起组合以形成在水平方向上的宽视场。虚拟图像投影仪进一步包括板状光导124，板状光导124被配置为接收第一衍射光射线和第二衍射光射线，并且将第一衍射光射线和第二衍射光射线从板状光导衍射出以生成具有宽视场的虚拟图像。
Description
背景技术
可通过将视频投影仪指向被浮雕有光栅的光导内以从光导的表面投影虚拟图像来制造虚拟图像。一对镜片或眼镜可包括虚拟图像投影仪以将虚拟图像投影到眼镜佩戴者的眼睛前方。然而小到足以被放置在一对眼镜上的虚拟图像投影仪通常投影具有窄视场的虚拟图像。
发明内容
本文档描述了用于实施宽视场虚拟图像投影仪的技术和装置。宽视场虚拟图像投影仪包括杆状光导，杆状光导被浮雕有至少第一衍射光栅和与第一衍射光栅基本上平行的第二衍射光栅。第一衍射光栅被配置为接收第一光射线，并且以第一角度范围从杆状光导投影第一衍射光射线。第二衍射光栅被配置为接收第二光射线，并且以第二角度范围从杆状光导投影第二衍射光射线。虚拟图像投影仪进一步包括板状光导，板状光导被配置为接收第一衍射光射线和第二衍射光射线，并且将第一衍射光射线和第二衍射光射线从板状光导衍射出以生成具有宽视场的虚拟图像。
提供该发明内容以便以简化形式引入简化概念，下文在具体实施方式中进一步描述该简化概念。该发明内容并未旨在标识所要求保护的主题的必要特征，也非旨在用于确定所要求保护的主题的范围。
附图说明
参考以下附图来描述用于实施宽视场虚拟图像投影仪的技术和装置的实施例。在全部附图中，使用相同的数字来表示类似的特征和部件：
图1图示了其中可实施宽视场虚拟图像投影仪的示例环境。
图2图示了被浮雕有单个衍射光栅的示例光导。
图3图示了被浮雕有单个衍射光栅的光导的视场的示例。
图4图示了虚拟图像投影仪的杆状光导的更详细的示例。
图5图示了虚拟图像投影仪的杆状光导和板状光导的更详细的示例。
图6图示了虚拟图像投影仪的板状光导的更详细的示例。
图7图示了用于控制宽视场虚拟图像投影仪的示例方法。
图8图示了其中可实施用于宽视场虚拟图像投影仪的技术的示例设备。
具体实施方式
概要
可通过将视频投影仪指向被浮雕有光栅的光导内以从光导的表面投影虚拟图像来制造虚拟图像。一对镜片或眼镜可包括虚拟图像投影仪以将虚拟图像投影到眼镜佩戴者的眼睛前方。然而小到足以被放置在一对眼镜上的典型虚拟图像投影仪投影具有仅30度的水平视场的虚拟图像。
该文档描述了用于实施宽视场虚拟图像投影仪的技术和装置。宽视场虚拟图像投影仪包括杆状光导，杆状光导被浮雕有至少第一衍射光栅和与第一衍射光栅基本上平行的第二衍射光栅。第一衍射光栅被配置为接收第一光射线，并且以第一角度范围从杆状光导投影第一衍射光射线。第二衍射光栅被配置为接收第二光射线，并且以第二角度范围从杆状光导投影第二衍射光射线。虚拟图像投影仪进一步包括板状光导，板状光导被配置为接收第一衍射光射线和第二衍射光射线，并且将第一衍射光射线和第二衍射光射线从板状光导衍射出以生成具有宽视场的虚拟图像。
在一些实施例中，虚拟图像投影仪可耦合到一对眼镜以在眼镜的镜片前方生成具有宽视场的虚拟图像，从而使眼镜佩戴者在穿过眼镜的镜片观看时看到虚拟图像。
示例环境
图1是其中可实施宽视场虚拟图像投影仪（在此是“虚拟图像投影仪”）的示例环境100的图示。环境100可在虚拟图像显示设备102中实施，虚拟图像显示设备102通过示例而非限制的方式被图示为头部安装的显示设备104或平板显示设备106。头部安装的显示设备104可包括一对眼镜、太阳镜、护目镜或任何其它类型的头部安装的显示设备。平板显示设备106可包括可生成虚拟、三维（3D）和/或多视图图像的任何类型的平板显示设备，例如电视机、桌面计算机、膝上型计算机、移动计算设备或平板计算设备。
虚拟图像显示设备102包括（多个）处理器108和计算机可读介质110（其包括存储器介质112和存储介质114）。计算机可读介质110还包括控制器116。如何实施和使用控制器116是变化的，并且作为下文讨论的方法的部分来描述。
虚拟图像显示设备102还包括可由控制器116控制以生成宽视场虚拟图像的虚拟图像投影仪118。当设备102被实施为头部安装的显示设备104时，虚拟图像投影仪118可被控制以生成可由头部安装的显示设备的佩戴者（在此称为“观看者”）观看的宽视场虚拟图像。例如虚拟图像投影仪118可耦合到一对眼镜的镜片以直接在观看者的眼睛前方生成无穷远物体的虚拟图像，以使得观看者的眼睛的晶状体调节到无穷或近无穷大的焦距以聚焦在物体上。虚拟图像投影仪118可以是至少部分透明的，从而使观看者在穿过头部安装的显示设备104 的镜片观看时可看到外部物体以及虚拟图像。此外，应当认识到，在一些实施例中，虚拟图像投影仪118可以足够小以装配到一对眼镜的镜片上，而对于佩戴眼镜的观看者来说不是可察觉的。
在一些情况下，虚拟图像投影仪118可被实施为两个投影仪以在观看者的每个眼睛前方生成虚拟图像。当使用两个投影仪时，每个虚拟图像投影仪118能够同时地投影相同的虚拟图像，从而使观看者的右眼和左眼同时接收相同的图像。替代地，投影仪可同时投影略微不同的图像，从而使观看者接收立体图像（例如三维图像）。然而，为了该讨论的目的，虚拟图像投影仪118将被描述为生成单个虚拟图像的单个投影仪。
虚拟图像投影仪118包括照明器120、杆状光导122和板状光导124。在一些实施例中，杆状光导122和板状光导124是通过全内反射来传输光的多面体波导。杆状光导122的长度基本上等于板状光导124的长度。然而板状光导124的高度显著大于杆状光导122的高度。然而应当认识到，杆状光导122和板状光导124不限于任何特定尺寸或形状。
照明器120可包括红激光器、绿激光器和蓝激光器。红、绿和蓝激光器可以是半导体激光器，例如低功率二极管激光器或者任何其它适当的激光器。红、绿和蓝激光器可由控制器116独立地偏压和调制。照明器120还可包括合并光学器件，合并光学器件被配置为将来自每个激光器的单色发射合并以形成光束或光射线。如本文描述的，术语“光射线”将用于描述由照明器120发射的光“束”或光“射线”。
图2图示了被浮雕有单个衍射光栅的光导202的示例200。在该示例中，光导202的端面204被定位为邻近照明器206并且被配置为接收来自照明器206的光射线208。光射线208穿过光导202到达相对的端面210，在相对的端面210处光射线遇到重定向光学器件212。重定向光学器件212可被实施为反射镜或折射结构，并且被配置为改变光射线被注入光导202中的角度。在该示例中，重定向光学器件212以大于全内反射的临界角的角度将光射线208反射回到光导202中。在反射离开重定向光学器件212之后，光射线208通过全内反射从相对端面210传播离开。然而，光射线208在每次遇到衍射光栅214时，光射线208的部分从光导202衍射出以形成平行衍射光射线216。
光导202投影在水平平面中具有窄视场的衍射光射线，因为其装备有单个衍射光栅。考虑例如图3，其图示了被浮雕有单个衍射光栅214的光导202的视场的示例300。在图3中，当第一光射线302遇到衍射光栅214时，如果其超过临界角（其是大约45度），则离开光导202。此外，以大于75°的角度传播的第二光射线304在其遇到衍射光栅214时也可以离开光导202。光导202的单个衍射光栅214投影光射线的角度范围因此为大约30度。该角度范围基本上等于光导202的视场。因此根据各个实施例，杆状光导122被配置有至少两个衍射光栅，该至少两个衍射光栅使得虚拟图像投影仪118能够生成在水平方向上具有宽视场的虚拟图像。
图4图示了虚拟图像投影仪118的杆状光导122的详细示例。在该示例中，杆状光导122被浮雕有衍射光栅402、404、406和408。然而应当注意的是，杆状光导122可被浮雕有少于或多于四个的不同衍射光栅。在一个实施例中，例如，杆状光导122被浮雕有两个衍射光栅。光栅402、404、406和408被取向为基本上相互平行，并且每个被配置为分别在杆状光导122的端面418的410、412、414和416处从照明器120（未画出）接收分离的光射线。在实施例中，杆状光导122是单个杆状光导（例如单片玻璃）。例如，衍射光栅402、404、406和408可被浮雕到单个杆状光导上。替代地，杆状光导122可包括并排堆叠的多个杆状光导，其中每个杆被浮雕有不同的衍射光栅。例如，被浮雕有衍射光栅402的杆状光导可紧挨着被浮雕有衍射光栅404的杆状光导堆叠，并且依此类推。
光栅402、404、406和408中的每个类似于图2中图示的光导202的衍射光栅214来工作。例如，在端面418的410处接收的光射线穿过杆状光导122到达相对的端面420，在相对的端面420处其遇到第一重定向光学器件（未画出）。如同图2的重定向光学器件212，第一重定向光学器件可被实施为反射镜或折射结构，并且被配置为改变光射线被注入杆状光导122中的角度。在该示例中，第一重定向光学器件以大于全内反射的临界角的角度将光射线反射回到杆状光导122中。在反射离开第一重定向光学器件之后，光射线通过全内反射从相对端面420传播离开。光射线在反射离开被浮雕有衍射光栅402的表面和与衍射光栅402相对的表面时，平行于杆状光导122的侧面行进。然而，光射线在每次遇到衍射光栅402时，光射线的部分从杆状光导122衍射出以形成如图2中所示的平行衍射光射线。类似地，在412、414或416处注入的光射线在每次分别遇到衍射光栅404、406或408时，光射线的部分从杆状光导122衍射出以形成如图2中所示的平行衍射光射线。
在一些实施例中，虚拟图像投影仪118还包括第二重定向光学器件（未画出），第二重定向光学器件覆盖杆状光导122的被浮雕有衍射光栅的表面。第二重定向光学器件被配置为将衍射光射线反射回通过杆状光导122并且从与杆状光导122的衍射光栅相对的表面反射出。应当注意的是，光栅402、404、406和408是弱的，因此它们不改变被反射回通过杆状光导122的衍射光射线。如下文将更详细描述的，第二重定向光学器件将衍射光射线引导到板状光导124中。
根据各个实施例，衍射光栅402、404、406和408的空间频率不同，从而使从每个衍射光栅投影的衍射光射线以不同的角度范围被投影。在该示例中，光栅408具有足够短的节距以在与表面法线成30度和60度之间的角度范围投影衍射光射线。相比之下，光栅402具有足够长的节距以在-60度和-30度之间的角度范围投影衍射光射线。类似地，光栅406被配置为在0度到30度之间的角度范围投影衍射光射线，并且光栅404被配置为在-30和0度之间的角度范围投影衍射光射线。不同的角度范围一起组合以形成在水平方向上的宽视场。在图4中，例如，每个衍射光栅以等于30度的角度范围投影光。因此通过使用四个衍射光栅，总角度范围等于120度。这使得杆状光导122能够投影具有在水平方向上等于120度的宽视场的光。在实施例中，范围可重叠以消除任何非连续性。
在一些实施例中，为了生成具有宽视场的虚拟图像，将来自杆状光导122的输出注入板状光导124中。图5图示了虚拟图像显示设备102的杆状光导122和板状光导124的更详细的示例。在实施例中，杆状光导122和板状光导124可以是单片玻璃。然而，在其它实施例中，杆状光导122和板状光导124每个是分离的光导。如图4中所图示的，杆状光导122的长度基本上等于板状光导124的长度。然而，板状光导124的高度显著大于杆状光导122的高度。在该示例中，杆状光导122的与衍射光栅相对的表面朝向板状光导124的入射表面取向。板状光导124被浮雕有与杆状光导122的衍射光栅402、404、406和408基本上垂直的衍射光栅502。如上文所述，第二重定向光学器件504被配置为将来自杆状光导122的衍射光射线反射到板状光导124中。第二重定向光学器件504在图5中被示出为部分切断的，但是应当认识到第二重定向光学器件504在杆状光导122的整个长度上延伸。板状光导124接收来自杆状光导122的衍射光射线，并且投影该光射线以形成具有宽视场的虚拟图像。
应当注意，板状光导124足够厚以在来自杆状光导122的所有光已反射离开第二重定向光学器件504之后对其进行接收。然而，来自杆状光导122的任一个光栅的光仅部分填充板的光瞳（pupil）。因此，一旦光射线已进入板状光导124，它们就间断地与衍射光栅502交互，并且因此不时地照亮它。因此在一些实施例中，板状光导124进一步被配置有部分反射镜506。在该示例中，将部分反射镜506插入板状光导124的与被浮雕有衍射光栅502的表面基本上平行的平面中。部分反射镜506被配置为反射与部分反射镜接触的每个光射线的一部分，并且透射其另一部分。
通过反射每个光射线的一部分并透射其另一部分，部分反射镜506将单个光射线转变为多个光射线以确保由板状光导124投影的光跨其表面是均匀的。考虑例如图6，其图示了板状光导124的另一视图。在该示例中，被注入板状光导124中的光射线602在604处遇到部分反射镜506。当这发生时，部分反射镜506朝向被浮雕有衍射光栅502的表面反射光射线602的一部分以作为光射线606，并且朝向与衍射光栅相对的表面透射光射线602的另一部分以作为光射线608。然后，当光射线606接触衍射光栅502时，从板状光导124投影光射线606的一部分以作为衍射光射线610。然后该过程继续，其中光射线在每次撞击部分反射镜506时，一部分被反射，并且另一部分被透射。因此如图6所图示的，部分反射镜506使得板状光导124能够将一个光射线转变为多个光射线以投影具有宽视场的虚拟图像。
示例方法
图7是描绘用于控制虚拟图像投影仪以生成具有宽视场的虚拟图像的示例方法700的流程图。块702接收对应于虚拟图像的数据（例如对应于电影或电视节目的视频数据）。例如，控制器116（图1）接收对应于虚拟图像的数据。
块704控制照明器将第一光射线注入杆状光导的第一衍射光栅中，以在第一角度范围有效地将第一光射线从杆状光导衍射出并进入板状光导中以生成具有宽视场的虚拟图像。例如，控制器116控制照明器120将第一光射线注入杆状光导122的第一衍射光栅402（图5）中，以在第一角度范围有效地将第一光射线从杆状光导122衍射出并进入板状光导124中以生成具有宽视场的虚拟图像。
块706控制照明器将第二光射线注入杆状光导的第二衍射光栅中，以在第二角度范围有效地将第二光射线从杆状光导衍射出并进入板状光导中以生成具有宽视场的虚拟图像。例如，控制器116控制照明器120将第二光射线注入杆状光导122的第二衍射光栅404（图5）中，以在第二角度范围有效地将第二光射线从杆状光导122衍射出并进入板状光导124中以生成具有宽视场的虚拟图像。在各个实施例中，虚拟图像的宽视场等于第一角度范围和第二角度范围的和。
示例设备
图8图示了可被实施为任何类型的客户端、服务器和/或如参考先前的图1-7描述的显示设备以实施使得能够实现宽视场虚拟图像投影仪的技术的示例设备800的各个部件。在实施例中，设备800可被实施为有线和/或无线设备、作为平板显示器形式的头部安装的显示设备（例如眼镜、太阳镜等）、电视机、电视客户端设备（例如电视机顶盒、数字录像机（DVR）等）、消费者设备、计算机设备、服务器设备、便携计算机设备、用户设备、通信设备、视频处理和/或渲染设备、电器设备、游戏设备、电子设备和/或作为另一类型的设备中的一个或组合。设备800还可与观看者（例如人或用户）和/或操作设备的实体相关联，从而使设备描述包括用户、软件、固件和/或设备的组合的逻辑设备。
设备800包括通信设备802，通信设备802使得能够实现设备数据804（例如接收到的数据、正接收的数据、预定用于广播的数据、数据的数据分组等）的有线和/或无线通信。设备数据804或其它设备内容可包括设备的配置设定、存储在设备上的媒体内容和/或与设备的用户相关联的信息。存储在设备800上的媒体内容可包括任何类型的音频、视频和/或图像数据。设备800包括一个或多个数据输入806，经由该数据输入可接收任何类型的数据、媒体内容和/或输入，例如用户可选择的输入、消息、音乐、电视媒体内容、记录的视频内容、以及从任何内容和/或数据源接收的任何其它类型的音频、视频和/或图像数据。
设备800还包括通信接口808，通信接口808可被实施为串行和/或并行接口、无线接口、任何类型的网络接口、调制解调器中的任一个或多个，并且可被实施为任何其它类型的通信接口。通信接口808提供设备800与通信网络之间的连接和/或通信链接，其它电子、计算和通信设备通过该通信网络与设备800传输数据。
设备800包括一个或多个处理器810（例如微处理器、控制器等中的任一个），处理器810处理各个计算机可执行指令以控制设备800的操作并且使得能够实现用于实施宽视场虚拟图像投影仪的技术。替代地或附加地，可利用硬件、固件、片上系统（SoC）或与通常被标识在812处的处理和控制电路结合实施的固定逻辑电路中的任一个或组合来实施设备800。尽管未示出，设备800可包括耦合设备内的各个部件的系统总线或数据传输系统。系统总线可包括不同总线结构中的任一个或组合，例如存储器总线或存储器控制器、外围总线、通用串行总线和/或利用各种总线架构中的任一个的处理器或局部总线。
设备800还包括计算机可读存储介质814，例如使得能够实现永久和/或非暂态数据存储（即与仅仅信号传输相反）的一个或多个存储器设备，该存储器设备的示例包括随机存取存储器（RAM）、非易失性存储器（例如只读存储器（ROM）、非易失性RAM（NVRAM）、闪存、EPROM、EEPROM等中的任一个或多个）、以及盘存储设备。盘存储设备可以被实施为任何类型的磁性或光学存储设备，例如硬盘驱动、可记录和/或可重写的紧致盘（CD）、任何类型的数字通用盘（DVD）等。设备800还可包括大容量存储介质设备816。
计算机可读存储介质814提供数据存储机制以存储设备数据804、以及各种设备应用818和涉及设备800的操作方面的任何其它类型的信息和/或数据。例如，可将操作系统820维持为具有计算机可读存储介质814并在处理器810上执行的计算机应用。设备应用818可包括设备管理器，例如任何形式的控制应用、软件应用、信号处理和控制模块、特定设备本机的代码、用于特定设备的硬件抽象层等。
设备应用818还包括用于实施使用或使得能够实现宽视场虚拟图像投影仪的技术的任何系统部件或模块。在该示例中，设备应用818可包括用于控制宽视场虚拟图像投影仪的控制器116。
结论
该文档描述了用于实施宽视场虚拟图像投影仪的各个装置和技术。尽管已经以具体到结构特征和/或方法动作的语言描述了本发明，但是应当理解的是，在所附权利要求中限定的本发明不必受限于所描述的具体特征或动作。相反，具体的特征和动作被公开为实施所要求保护的发明的示例形式。
Claims (10)
1.一种虚拟图像投影仪，包括：
杆状光导，其被浮雕有至少第一衍射光栅和与所述第一衍射光栅基本上平行的第二衍射光栅，所述第一衍射光栅被配置为接收来自照明器的第一光射线并以第一角度范围从所述杆状光导投影第一衍射光射线，并且所述第二衍射光栅被配置为接收来自所述照明器的第二光射线并以第二角度范围从所述杆状光导投影第二衍射光射线；以及
板状光导，其被配置为接收所述第一衍射光射线和所述第二衍射光射线，并且将所述第一衍射光射线和所述第二衍射光射线从所述板状光导投影出来以生成具有宽视场的虚拟图像。
2.根据权利要求1所述的虚拟图像投影仪，其中所述板状光导被浮雕有与所述第一衍射光栅和所述第二衍射光栅基本上垂直的第三衍射光栅，所述第三衍射光栅使得所述第一衍射光射线和所述第二衍射光射线从所述板状光导投影出来以生成具有宽视场的虚拟图像。
3.根据权利要求1所述的虚拟图像投影仪，其中所述宽视场等于所述第一角度范围和所述第二角度范围的和。
4.根据权利要求1所述的虚拟图像投影仪，其中所述第一角度范围不同于所述第二角度范围。
5.根据权利要求1所述的虚拟图像投影仪，其中所述第一衍射光栅具有不同于所述第二衍射光栅的第二空间频率的第一空间频率，其中所述第一空间频率使得所述第一衍射光栅在所述第一角度范围投影所述第一衍射光射线，并且其中所述第二空间频率使得所述第二衍射光栅在所述第二角度范围投影所述第二衍射光射线。
6.根据权利要求1所述的虚拟图像投影仪，其中所述板状光导被配置有部分反射镜，所述部分反射镜被配置为反射所述第一衍射光射线和所述第二衍射光射线中的每个的一部分并且透射所述第一衍射光射线和所述第二衍射光射线中的每个的另一部分。
7.根据权利要求1所述的虚拟图像投影仪，其中所述杆状光导被进一步浮雕有第三衍射光栅和第四衍射光栅，所述第三衍射光栅和所述第四衍射光栅基本上平行于所述第一衍射光栅和所述第二衍射光栅，所述第三衍射光栅被配置为接收来自所述照明器的第三光射线并在第三角度范围从所述杆状光导投影第三衍射光射线，并且所述第四衍射光栅被配置为接收来自所述照明器的第四光射线并在第四角度范围从所述杆状光导投影第四衍射光射线。
8.根据权利要求1所述的虚拟图像投影仪，其中所述虚拟图像投影仪耦合到一对眼镜以在所述眼镜的镜片前方生成所述虚拟图像。
9.一种方法，包括：
接收对应于虚拟图像的数据；
控制照明器将第一光射线注入到杆状光导的第一衍射光栅中，以在第一角度范围有效地将所述第一光射线从所述杆状光导衍射出并进入板状光导中以生成具有宽视场的虚拟图像；以及
控制所述照明器将第二光射线注入到所述杆状光导的第二衍射光栅中，以在第二角度范围有效地将所述第二光射线从所述杆状光导衍射出并进入所述板状光导中以生成具有宽视场的虚拟图像。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法，其中所述宽视场等于所述第一角度范围和所述第二角度范围的和。
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| US10107994B2 (en) | 2018-10-23 |
| JP6253117B2 (ja) | 2017-12-27 |
| EP2859400A1 (en) | 2015-04-15 |
| JP2017194693A (ja) | 2017-10-26 |
| WO2013188085A1 (en) | 2013-12-19 |
| US9019615B2 (en) | 2015-04-28 |
| KR102035372B1 (ko) | 2019-10-22 |
| KR20150023712A (ko) | 2015-03-05 |
| EP2859400B1 (en) | 2017-11-29 |
| JP6360946B2 (ja) | 2018-07-18 |
| JP2015529833A (ja) | 2015-10-08 |
| US20130329301A1 (en) | 2013-12-12 |
| US20150177497A1 (en) | 2015-06-25 |
| CN104350411B (zh) | 2017-03-22 |
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