CN104286910A - 从完整的肌肉组织直接掺入橄榄油来生产肉制品的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
从完整的肌肉组织生产肉制品的方法,直接掺入橄榄油和动物脂肪的最大可能取代,通过盐溶性肉蛋白析出后加入橄榄油来实现。该方法包括以下阶段:(a)在翻转机中翻转注射了合适盐水的肉,(b)混合橄榄油,(c)持续翻转直至橄榄油完全掺入,(d)填入肠衣中,热处理和包装产品。根据该方法生产的含有掺入的橄榄油的肉基制品,从结构观点看提供了卓越的稳定性(一致性),且这些产品中所含橄榄油的物理和化学特征保持未改变。
Description
本申请是申请号为200580011978.7、申请日为2005年04月01日、发明名称为“从完整的肌肉组织直接掺入橄榄油来生产肉制品的方法”的专利申请的分案申请。
本发明涉及从完整的肌肉组织来生产肉制品,主要的特征在于:
1.使用橄榄油
2.使用已知的工艺流程和已知的加工过程中的肉特性,以获得橄榄油的最大可能吸收,和
3.实施已经开发的合适技术程序和处理,以:
获得稳定的乳胶体-稳定组成和结构的肉酱,能够接受合适的热处理,目的在于掺入橄榄油和稳定的混合以及此后的蛋白质凝聚,在所述乳胶体的基础系统中,其包括肌肉蛋白/水/橄榄油。
获得差别因素:橄榄油的感官、物理和化学,以及营养特征&特性的最大可能维持。
来自完整肌肉组织的所述产品(例如,火腿,火鸡肉,等)构成来自大块肉的紧致肉块,其通过良好的一致性,柔嫩性和可以切割成薄片的事实来区分。为了制备该产品,将一定量的盐水(水,盐,调味料,硝酸盐等)注射至肉的肌肉中,接着机械翻转,目的在于激活可收缩的肌肉蛋白,使其得到膨胀和析出,为了使其出现在肉块的表面上,因此导致加热或热处理后它们之间的粘合,以及肉的嫩化。
这些产品的稳定性基本上取决于在机械翻转过程中析出的肉蛋白,其保持一定量的加入其中的盐水并在肉的表面形成粘性物质,其显著提高了肉片的粘合力。脂肪混合物明显阻碍了各种盐(例如,硝酸盐)的注入和蛋白质的析出,以及由于肉片周围脂肪层的存在,因此阻止了它们之间的粘合。
在所述产品中掺入橄榄油,因为这是使用常规技术的尝试,常规技术与不稳定性问题或与去稳定趋势相关,涉及这两种情况,未加工的肉块以及热处理过的成品,通常呈现油分离的现象。
存在已知的得到保证的间接掺入(混合)植物油的技术。然而,这些技术
包括在至少100℃温度水平的初步油热处理程序,混合水和乳蛋白,目的在于形成稳定的乳胶体,其形成小的立方体,取决于加入肉基产品中的产品,因此完全替代了动物脂肪。
之前的方法,其目的在于将液态油转化成固态,使用乳蛋白来用于形成稳定的乳胶体,是生产肉基产品的限制性因素,如:
来自完整肌肉的煮熟的或干法腌制的肉制品(例如,火腿,鸡肉片,火鸡片,等)
优质产品的生产,其中不允许使用辅助乳蛋白(例如,火腿cuitsuperieur,肉卷superieur,等)
使用橄榄油(其在人类营养中的作用与菜籽油和其他植物油之间是截然不同的,以及国际上认可其个别天然化合物的有益特性(参照脂肪酸及其低胆固醇的保护作用,参照生育酚和多酚及其作用),必须采用适度的加工,来保护初始的结构以及脂肪酸组成。
上述方法,以及更多最近的直接掺入橄榄油的用于肉基产品的方法,限制于细切肉片的熟产品。生产过程中所应用的技术和肉块的性能不同于其他类别的肉制品(香肠,等)。因此,在产品制备方法的改变过程中,肉蛋白的析出,以及蛋白网格的形成得到区分。
仍然在之前的方法中,使用添加剂和加工助剂(磷酸盐,乳蛋白,植物蛋白,等),使用的目的在于补充或替代肉蛋白。此外,上述辅助配料的目的在于更高的保水性和肉的乳化能力。受到使用所述加工助剂的限制,不可能生产出优质肉制品(例如,superieur),其中禁止使用所述的辅助物质。
认为这样是合适的,
一方面,将橄榄油用作替代肉制品中动物脂肪的配料,在特定保护条件下进行,以确保其特性能最大可能地转移至基质制品。
另一方面,橄榄油的掺入过程,必须不影响肉制品的传统生产技术,系统地考虑基于蛋白质、脂肪和油的特性,以及基于它们结合特性的科学数据。
应当考虑“肉乳胶体”的稳定性受到以下几方面的影响:
待掺入(混合)的油的来源和组成
用于形成固体蛋白网格的肉蛋白的析出程度
物理和化学特性,如
-脂肪酸的特征(类型和饱和度);
-SFI(固体脂肪指数)
-各个生产阶段中所应用温度下的PUFA(多不饱和脂肪),MUFA(单不饱和脂肪酸)/SFA(饱和脂肪酸)比例。
显然,从技术观点看,在制备稳定的肉酱中应当认真考虑猪肉脂肪和橄榄油之间的差异。
在橄榄油的情况中,其特征(敏感的化学特性)需要在具体条件下掺入,推荐:
-通过机械处理(参与化合物的混合,翻转,均化)来形成油的最大可能掺入。
-计算这些化合物之间的理想定量比例,以确保油在乳胶体中的最大可能吸收和稳定,同时具有所加入水的最大可能吸收(脂肪/蛋白质/水比例)。
-稳定乳胶体的制备,其在析出的肉蛋白和所加入油的脂肪相之间建立,应用机械处理(能量)并避免高温,在混合相的过程中在选定的真空和温度条件下和在均化程度下,因此获得最大可能的脂肪球的分散和大小。
最后,确保重要的要求:
相热处理和随后产品冷却过程中的乳胶体稳定性,
在真空条件下切割和包装产品的性能
在冷冻下的货架期稳定性。
本发明的目的在于从完整的肌肉组织生产肉基产品,其特征在于冷掺入橄榄油。这种橄榄油的直接混合,一方面,没有改变制品的传统形状,另一方面,可以生产出优质产品,而不需要使用乳蛋白和其他加工助剂。
通过以下来实现该目的:
-必须在肉蛋白析出后进行橄榄油的混合(混合-翻转-乳化)。在该特定时刻,肉蛋白,尤其是盐溶性蛋白肌球蛋白和肌动蛋白,已经析出。肉片表面上析出的蛋白能够与橄榄油形成稳定的乳胶体。
-计算作为函数的所加入橄榄油的百分比并取决于最终使用的析出肉蛋白和辅助配料的百分比,以便提高肉酱的结合能力。因此,所加入橄榄油的百分比取决于析出蛋白的量或可用辅助蛋白的量。完整肌肉组织的猪肉制品典型实例的肉/油比例(百分比),没有混合辅助物质,为约95/5.
-在生产过程中应用真空条件,以避免氧的存在和肉块中气泡的形成,因此阻止橄榄油的氧化及其变质,并获得肉块的良好粘着。
-冷混合橄榄油;混合油时的肉块温度必须处于低水平,低于4℃。在该温度,橄榄油的SFI(固体部分)相对接近于饱和动物脂肪的。
-应用特定的技术处理,其特征在于在所有加工阶段的过程中维持低温的情况;理想温度为4℃。
根据之前所述的,本发明提供了从完整肌肉组织生产肉制品的方法。上述关键点之后,制得烟熏或煮熟或烤制的肉制品,用或不用添加剂(磷酸盐,乳蛋白,等),并直接掺入橄榄油。
从完整的肌肉组织生产肉制品的标准方法如下:
在4℃的温度,将注射合适盐水(水、盐、调味料,等)的由完整肌肉组织构成的肉插入翻转机中。根据用于生产火腿的已知方法来进行翻转程序,在冷冻下并应用真空(900mbar)。在翻转过程中,肉块得到压实并通过翻转机的合适叶片得到膨胀。该机械应变使得肌肉组织松弛并破坏了肌肉纤维的细胞膜;结果,使得盐水成分和随后所加入油的的更好吸收。翻转结束时和已经获得肉蛋白析出后,加入橄榄油。持续翻转直至橄榄油完全吸收,在冷冻和真空条件下。随后,将肉块特别小心地按照根据已知技术方法的生产程序(填入肠衣中,热处理,等),使得混合物的温度在热处理之前不超过4℃。
根据本发明生产的使用橄榄油的肉制品,由于在橄榄油/水和析出的肉蛋白之间形成乳胶体,从结构观点看具有卓越的稳定性(一致性)。由于在生产过程中应用了低温和真空,橄榄油的物理和化学特性没有受到负面影响。
Claims (4)
1.从完整的肌肉组织生产肉基制品的方法,其特征在于在析出肉蛋白之后冷掺入橄榄油,所述方法包括如下步骤:
(a)在低温,将注射了合适盐水的完整肌肉组织插入机器中并根据已知技术接受翻转,将肉块维持于低于4℃的温度和在真空条件下;
(b)在翻转结束时,肉片表面上析出的蛋白能够与橄榄油形成稳定的乳胶体,并加入橄榄油;
(c)持续翻转直至完全掺入橄榄油;
(d)特别小心地根据已知技术继续生产程序,使得混合物的温度在热处理之前没有升至4℃。
2.权利要求1的方法,其中所述方法在没有加入乳蛋白和植物蛋白的情况下进行。
3.权利要求1或2的方法,其中在热处理之前将产品填入肠衣中。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任一项生产的直接掺入橄榄油的来自完整肌肉组织的肉制品。
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GR20040100113A GR1004991B (el) | 2004-04-01 | 2004-04-01 | Μεθοδος παραγωγης προιοντων κρεατος απο ολοκληρο μυικο ιστο, με αμεση ενσωματωση ελαιολαδου. |
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CNA2005800119787A Pending CN1942111A (zh) | 2004-04-01 | 2005-04-01 | 从完整的肌肉组织直接掺入橄榄油来生产肉制品的方法 |
CN201410482421.2A Pending CN104286910A (zh) | 2004-04-01 | 2005-04-01 | 从完整的肌肉组织直接掺入橄榄油来生产肉制品的方法 |
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GR1005294B (el) * | 2005-03-17 | 2006-09-22 | Εδεσμα Α.Ε.Β.Ε. Παραγωγη Και Εμπορια Τροφιμων | Μεθοδος παραγωγης προϊοντων θερμικης επεξεργασιασαπο ολοκληρα τεμαχια κρεατος (ζαμπον, σπαλα βραστη, ζαμπον γαλοπουλας κλπ) με ενδομυϊκη εισαγωγη ελαιολαδου ή αλλων φυτικων ελαιων |
ES2306551B1 (es) * | 2005-10-06 | 2009-06-16 | Fundacion Citoliva, Centro De Innovacion Y Tecnologia Del Olivar Y Del Aceite De Oliva | Procedimiento de fabricacion de productos carnicos, en los que la grasa animal se sustituye por aceite de oliva. |
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GR1007894B (el) * | 2012-02-08 | 2013-05-15 | Εμμανουηλ Στυλιανου Δομαζακις | Μεθοδος παραγωγης προϊοντων με βαση το κρεας που περιεχουν ελαιο, η οποια περιλαμβανει πρωτοκολλο απευθειας προσθηκης του ελαιου |
BE1020436A5 (nl) * | 2012-03-09 | 2013-10-01 | Terbeke Pluma Nv | Werkwijze voor het produceren van een verhit vleesproduct op basis van plantaardige olie. |
GR1008345B (el) | 2013-08-07 | 2014-11-03 | ΚΡΕΤΑ ΦΑΡΜ ΑΝΩΝΥΜΟΣ ΒΙΟΜΗΧΑΝΙΚΗ ΚΑΙ ΕΜΠΟΡΙΚΗ ΕΤΑΙΡΕΙΑ με δ.τ. "ΚΡΕΤΑ ΦΑΡΜ Α.Β.Ε.Ε.", | Μεθοδος παρασκευης προϊοντων με βαση τα ολοκληρα τεμαχια κρεατος και μορφοποιημενων προϊοντων, που περιεχουν ελαιο |
ES2609048B1 (es) * | 2015-10-08 | 2018-02-07 | Asociación De Investigación De Industrias Cárnicas Del Principado De Asturias | Procedimiento para la incorporación de aceite de oliva en carnes frescas |
US10736344B2 (en) | 2016-07-11 | 2020-08-11 | Exceldor Foods Canada Ltd. | Oil-in-water emulsions for meat and poultry products and methods of producing same |
GR1009363B (el) * | 2017-04-12 | 2018-09-20 | Α. & Χ. Υφαντης Α.Β.Ε.Ε Ανωνυμος Βιομηχανικη Και Εμπορικη Εταιρεια | Προϊοντα με βαση θερμικα επεξεργασμενο κρεας |
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GR1004431B (el) * | 2003-03-17 | 2004-01-28 | Μεθοδοσαπαρασκευησαπροιοντωναμεαβασηατοακρεαςαμεααμεσηαήαμηαενσωματωσηαελαιολαδουακαιαπροσθηκηατυριουατυπουαφετα |
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DK1729599T3 (da) | 2008-05-05 |
EA200601829A1 (ru) | 2007-02-27 |
RS50549B (sr) | 2010-05-07 |
CN104256686A (zh) | 2015-01-07 |
HRP20080152T3 (en) | 2008-04-30 |
SI1729599T1 (sl) | 2008-06-30 |
JP5009148B2 (ja) | 2012-08-22 |
PL1729599T3 (pl) | 2008-09-30 |
ATE385180T1 (de) | 2008-02-15 |
EA012749B1 (ru) | 2009-12-30 |
AU2005227717B2 (en) | 2011-03-17 |
DE602005004608D1 (de) | 2008-03-20 |
CA2518302C (en) | 2011-07-12 |
ES2301000T3 (es) | 2008-06-16 |
DE602005004608T2 (de) | 2009-01-29 |
EP1729599A1 (en) | 2006-12-13 |
CN1942111A (zh) | 2007-04-04 |
NZ571344A (en) | 2010-11-26 |
WO2005094617A1 (en) | 2005-10-13 |
GR1004991B (el) | 2005-09-16 |
PT1729599E (pt) | 2008-02-28 |
CA2518302A1 (en) | 2005-10-01 |
US20070141202A1 (en) | 2007-06-21 |
IL194191A0 (en) | 2011-08-01 |
AU2005227717A1 (en) | 2005-10-13 |
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