CN103842154B - 用于连接转印膜幅材或层合膜幅材的方法和装置 - Google Patents

用于连接转印膜幅材或层合膜幅材的方法和装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103842154B
CN103842154B CN201280048512.4A CN201280048512A CN103842154B CN 103842154 B CN103842154 B CN 103842154B CN 201280048512 A CN201280048512 A CN 201280048512A CN 103842154 B CN103842154 B CN 103842154B
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China
Prior art keywords
film web
film
web material
jointing
weld seam
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Expired - Fee Related
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CN201280048512.4A
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CN103842154A (zh
Inventor
A·汉森
T·贝尔内特
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OVD Kinegram AG
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OVD Kinegram AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/06—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using friction, e.g. spin welding
    • B29C65/069—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using friction, e.g. spin welding the welding tool cooperating with specially formed features of at least one of the parts to be joined, e.g. cooperating with holes or ribs of at least one of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/08—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/08—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations
    • B29C65/083—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations using a rotary sonotrode or a rotary anvil
    • B29C65/087—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations using a rotary sonotrode or a rotary anvil using both a rotary sonotrode and a rotary anvil
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B29C65/1629—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1635—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface at least passing through one of the parts to be joined, i.e. laser transmission welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B29C65/1629—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1654—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface scanning at least one of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B29C65/1629—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1664—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface making use of several radiators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • B29C65/22—Heated wire resistive ribbon, resistive band or resistive strip
    • B29C65/221—Heated wire resistive ribbon, resistive band or resistive strip characterised by the type of heated wire, resistive ribbon, band or strip
    • B29C65/222—Heated wire resistive ribbon, resistive band or resistive strip characterised by the type of heated wire, resistive ribbon, band or strip comprising at least a single heated wire
    • B29C65/223—Heated wire resistive ribbon, resistive band or resistive strip characterised by the type of heated wire, resistive ribbon, band or strip comprising at least a single heated wire comprising several heated wires
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/50—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like
    • B29C65/5042—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like covering both elements to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/78—Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/78—Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus
    • B29C65/7802—Positioning the parts to be joined, e.g. aligning, indexing or centring
    • B29C65/7805—Positioning the parts to be joined, e.g. aligning, indexing or centring the parts to be joined comprising positioning features
    • B29C65/7817—Positioning the parts to be joined, e.g. aligning, indexing or centring the parts to be joined comprising positioning features in the form of positioning marks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/78—Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus
    • B29C65/7802—Positioning the parts to be joined, e.g. aligning, indexing or centring
    • B29C65/7832—Positioning the parts to be joined, e.g. aligning, indexing or centring by setting the overlap between the parts to be joined, e.g. the overlap between sheets, plates or web-like materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/78—Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus
    • B29C65/7858—Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus characterised by the feeding movement of the parts to be joined
    • B29C65/7888—Means for handling of moving sheets or webs
    • B29C65/7891—Means for handling of moving sheets or webs of discontinuously moving sheets or webs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/114—Single butt joints
    • B29C66/1142—Single butt to butt joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/13—Single flanged joints; Fin-type joints; Single hem joints; Edge joints; Interpenetrating fingered joints; Other specific particular designs of joint cross-sections not provided for in groups B29C66/11 - B29C66/12
    • B29C66/135—Single hemmed joints, i.e. one of the parts to be joined being hemmed in the joint area
    • B29C66/1352—Single hem to hem joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/20—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines
    • B29C66/23—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being multiple and parallel or being in the form of tessellations
    • B29C66/232—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being multiple and parallel or being in the form of tessellations said joint lines being multiple and parallel, i.e. the joint being formed by several parallel joint lines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/723—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/812—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8126—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/81266—Optical properties, e.g. transparency, reflectivity
    • B29C66/81267—Transparent to electromagnetic radiation, e.g. to visible light
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81427—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined comprising a single ridge, e.g. for making a weakening line; comprising a single tooth
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/832—Reciprocating joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/8322—Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/836—Moving relative to and tangentially to the parts to be joined, e.g. transversely to the displacement of the parts to be joined, e.g. using a X-Y table
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/836—Moving relative to and tangentially to the parts to be joined, e.g. transversely to the displacement of the parts to be joined, e.g. using a X-Y table
    • B29C66/8362—Rollers, cylinders or drums moving relative to and tangentially to the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
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    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
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    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
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    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
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    • B29C65/82—Testing the joint
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C66/0042—Preventing sticking together, e.g. of some areas of the parts to be joined of the joining tool and the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/0044—Preventing sticking together, e.g. of some areas of the parts to be joined of the joining tool and the parts to be joined using a separating sheet, e.g. fixed on the joining tool
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    • B29C66/73341—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, e.g. fluorescence, phosphorescence at least one of the parts to be joined being glossy or matt, reflective or refractive at least one of the parts to be joined being glossy or reflective
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    • B29C66/7336—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, e.g. fluorescence, phosphorescence at least one of the parts to be joined being opaque, transparent or translucent to visible light
    • B29C66/73361—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, e.g. fluorescence, phosphorescence at least one of the parts to be joined being opaque, transparent or translucent to visible light at least one of the parts to be joined being opaque to visible light
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    • B29C66/816—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the mounting of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
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    • B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
    • B29K2995/0018—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds having particular optical properties, e.g. fluorescent or phosphorescent
    • B29K2995/0026—Transparent
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B65H2301/4634—Heat seal splice
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10T156/00—Adhesive bonding and miscellaneous chemical manufacture
    • Y10T156/10—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor

Landscapes

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于连接转印膜或层合膜的第一和第二膜幅材（2、2'）的方法，所述膜幅材（2、2'）具有热塑性载体膜（21）和装饰层（23）。在第一和第二膜幅材（2、2'）之间构成共同的连接区段（3），在该连接区段中第一和第二膜幅材（2、2'）通过焊接方法彼此连接。本发明还涉及一种用于实施该方法的装置。

Description

用于连接转印膜幅材或层合膜幅材的方法和装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于连接两个转印膜幅材或层合膜幅材的方法和装置，所述膜幅材具有热塑性载体膜和装饰层。
背景技术
在转印膜和层合膜的加工和应用中常常需要连接膜区段，以便将较短的膜幅材或条带相应接合为较长的“运行长度”
确定的运行长度不仅源于客户要求，例如为了借助长度较大的剪切卷(Schnittrollen)来提高生产率，而且源于最大程度减少废品的要求，因为尤其是减少了用于更换卷的安装时间或停车时间。
在制造和加工膜时(“inhouse”)也存在彼此连接膜幅材的要求，以便提高生产率、最大程度减少废品以及减少安装时间、停车时间和启动过程。
最常用的方法是借助尤其是手动施加的胶粘带进行连接、也称为“拼接”(Spleissen)。在此借助市售的自粘胶粘带将相应的膜粘接在一起。在层合膜或转印膜(在一侧涂有转印层的膜)中粘接通常在未涂层的膜侧进行。胶粘带宽度通常在2至5cm的范围中。常用的胶粘带厚度约为30至130μm的范围中。
借助胶粘带的拼接已在最近几年被证明是有效的并且具有一系列优点。该方法成本低廉、可在膜彼此间的高对准精度下实施并且接头、即连接处或接缝具有高强度、尤其是在膜运行方向上的抗拉强度。另外常常使用染色的胶粘带，以便标记特定类型的接头并且在视觉上区分它们。
但借助胶粘带的拼接也具有一系列缺点。
在压印单个图像时，所述单个图像或者说主题、即有用部(Nutzen)以特定的布局设置于膜上、尤其是设置在规则的行和轨道中。在此待压印的有用部通常如此接近，使得胶粘带处于压印区的区域中并且在此处于待压印的有用部的区域中，以致重叠的有用部不能被压印并且丢失。这尤其是导致压印错误和/或通过胶粘带或者说通过在胶粘带边缘上溢出的胶粘剂引起对压印冲头的污染。因此检测接头并且实施膜送进，由此产生材料损耗并且降低了生产率。
在将单个图像压印到平行的轨道上时，还有附加要求，即，拼接处在同一时刻到达压印单元，因为压印过程必须在所有轨道上中断或必须同时跳过所有有用部并且所有有用部丢失。当接头位于膜的不同位置上时，则压印过程需要中断更长时间或重复多次。
在通过多次施用而压印单个图像时出现附加问题。在此单个图像的重复、即单个图像彼此间的距离必须精确相符。出于此原因只能将具有相同重复的膜拼接在一起。
在拼接的卷中可在拼接处——基于较高的压力——在拼接带边缘上出现冷胶粘剂溢出或卷的“连结”、即卷相邻层的粘结。
使用胶粘带拼接需要更高的控制技术费用。
一般来说，不能使用宽度小于1cm的较窄的胶粘带，因为借助窄的胶粘带不能可靠地达到所需的强度、尤其是加工期间的抗拉强度并且拼接处也可基于卷绕时或在卷内的拉力分开。
发明内容
本发明的任务在于提出一种改进的方法和一种改进的装置，其克服上述缺点。
根据本发明，该任务借助一种用于连接转印膜或层合膜的第一和第二膜幅材的方法来解决，所述膜幅材具有热塑性载体膜和装饰层，在此规定，在第一和第二膜幅材之间构成共同的连接区段，在该连接区段中第一和第二膜幅材通过焊接方法彼此连接。
该任务还借助一种用于材料锁合地连接转印膜或层合膜的第一和第二膜幅材的装置来解决，所述膜幅材具有热塑性载体膜和装饰层，并且装饰层具有主题和/或对准标记，并且在此规定，所述装置具有用于第一和第二膜幅材的接收装置和至少一个焊头，该焊头设置在第一和第二膜幅材的连接区段上方，并且至少其中一个接收装置与调节装置不可相对运动地连接。
已令人意想不到地表明，尽管待焊接的膜幅材构造为多层体，仍可形成持久且能承受载荷的焊接连接，所述多层体除了可焊接的热塑性载体膜外还包括其它层，这些层可能降低焊接连接的强度或妨碍焊接连接。
此外，膜在焊接后具有很好的平整度并且在接缝区域中不具有因附加的胶粘带引起的不利的增厚处并且几乎没有尺寸变化、尤其是一维或二维的变形，这例如对于后续过程、如裁剪和包装过程非常重要。
转印膜是这样的膜，其装饰层通过压印工具借助压力和/或温度被转移到待装饰的基底上。热塑性塑料制成的载体膜构成转印膜的基体，在载体膜上设置可剥离的装饰层。
装饰层除了一个或多个带有装饰的装饰分层外还可包括其它分层、如胶粘剂层、用于胶粘剂层的激活层和分离层，用以使装饰层与载体膜的分离变得容易。
所述一个装饰分层或多个装饰分层例如可分别构造为选择性染色的、透明的、半透明的或不透明的漆层、构造为荧光或磷光的漆层、构造为光学可变层和/或构造为金属或非金属的反射层。因此，装饰分层可构造为染色漆层，从而可形成色彩效果并且构成图像及字母数字字符或符号。装饰层可以是功能层、如磁性层、光聚合物层或由导电、半导电或不导电的聚合物制成的层。具有这种装饰分层的膜可用于磁性膜领域中以防止纸币和文件被伪造、用于外部应用、如用于车牌或其它装饰的铬膜、用于IMD或IML技术(IMD＝模内装饰，IML＝模内贴标)领域中、用于天线应用以及用于不同用途的标签。另外，所述的各装饰分层也可组合，在此在一个装饰分层中直接或间接并排设置多个不同的层。这种装饰分层的层厚优选在1μm和25μm之间、更优选在1μm和5μm之间。光学可变层可由具有模制的、衍射和/或折射作用的表面浮雕的复制漆层、全息图层、体积全息图层、借助干扰产生变色效果的薄膜层系统、液晶层或含有颜料如光学可变的干扰层颜料或光学可变的液晶颜料或金属颜料或者金属氧化物颜料的层构成。例如折射作用的宏观结构、如透镜结构、衍射光栅或全息图可模制成表面浮雕，其优选以反射层覆盖。为了辅助光学效果可设置金属层，其反射入射光。装饰层例如可构造为局部不同的并可彼此任意组合，从而并排或重叠显示例如OVD(光学可变器件)区域和图像区域。
在层合膜中不设置装饰层与载体膜的分离。因此在装饰层和载体膜之间可设置增附剂层。装饰层除了一个或多个装饰分层外还可包括胶粘剂分层。在此可涉及热胶粘剂层或冷胶粘剂层。装饰分层可与转印膜的装饰分层一样构造。
膜结构的各个层可由热塑性材料、热固性材料如漆(其可通过UV辐射进行交联)以及由混合材料(热塑性的，即热干燥的并且可同时借助辐射交联的)或它们的组合制成。
层顺序也可多重存在。也可能的是，由多个功能性的和/或装饰性的分层构成的装饰层也可设置在载体膜的两侧。
尤其是曾预计分离层——优选为蜡分离层，其在热压印中在借助热量被激活时软化并实现其分离功能——和金属化层会大大降低焊接连接的强度，以致两个膜幅材不能可靠连接。
然而令人意想不到的是，借助根据本发明的方法和根据本发明的装置所述膜可以高精度通过焊接连接拼接，并且形成这样的连接区段，该连接区段在卷到卷工艺中不影响生产。
可规定，所述共同的连接区段构造为搭接接头。搭接接头可构造成宽度特别小的，从而可拼接这样的膜，其主题距离在主题布局中如此之小，使得在使用拼接带时无法压印与连接区段相邻的主题。
还可规定，所述共同的连接区段构造为对接接头，该对接接头被拼接膜覆盖。但拼接膜并不是胶粘带，因此不会出现因胶粘剂溢出引起的污染。拼接膜也可具有小于胶粘带的厚度、尤其是具有约5μm至20μm的厚度。
还可规定，所述第一和第二膜幅材借助超声波焊接彼此连接。
在另一种实施方式中可规定，所述第一和第二膜幅材借助接触焊接彼此连接。在接触焊接中焊头的受热区段与连接区段热接触，使得两个膜幅材局部熔化，两个膜幅材由此焊接在一起。
可规定，为了形成焊缝使用加热带或加热丝。
还可规定，所述第一和第二膜幅材借助激光焊接彼此连接。可规定，使激光器沿焊缝移动和/或光学偏转激光，使得激光形成一条线。
可规定，在连接区段中在第一和第二膜幅材下方设置用于激光的吸收层。吸收层将激光转换为热量。由此尤其是可使用较低的激光功率。此外通过吸收层还可将作用于焊接位置的能量从背面、即背离激光的一侧输入焊接位置中。吸收层在多层装饰层中可设置为最上层或设置在另一层下方。也可使用多个吸收层、即可选地在装饰层中的不同位置上以及可选地具有用于激光的不同吸收特性。
在一种优选的方案中可规定，作为吸收层使用吸收激光的拼接膜。但拼接膜并不是胶粘带，因此不会出现因胶粘剂溢出引起的污染。有利的是拼接膜可以是由载体膜材料制成的染色膜。
膜的剪切边可构造为直线的。也可使用波纹状裁剪的、穿孔的、锯齿形的边缘。
可规定，构造连续的焊缝。在最简单的形式中可以是直线的连续的单焊缝或多焊缝。连续焊缝也可以构造成波纹状、锯齿形或蛇曲形的。焊头如接触焊头、激光束或超声波发生器可相应于焊缝轮廓在膜表面上方移动或可设置相应成形的焊丝。
也可规定，构造非连续的焊缝。尤其是可构造虚线或点状焊缝，其方式是，例如接通和关断激光束、将接触焊头或超声波发生器接通和关断或将其从膜表面上抬起并再次降落到膜表面上。
此外可规定，构造振荡形式的焊缝。在振荡焊缝的情况下可改变焊缝的位置和/或焊缝的宽度。例如可改变激光束的焦点。此外可规定，使用具有长形横截面、如矩形或椭圆形横截面的接触焊头或超声波发生器并且使其围绕其纵轴线旋转或摆动。在该方案中可改变焊缝的宽度，其方式是通过焊头的旋转位置可调节出焊头的各种有效宽度。焊头的有效宽度在矩形或椭圆形的窄边尺寸和矩形或椭圆形的宽边尺寸之间变化。
在另一种有利的方案中可规定，在焊接过程之前在焊缝区域中去除装饰层。可通过与自粘胶粘带接触以及随后撕下装饰层或者通过预先借助例如3mm宽的被加热的压印轮将装饰层转印到底垫上来去除装饰层。
也可借助激光作用预先操作、尤其是烧蚀或热破坏装饰层。
另外可规定，这样彼此对齐第一和第二膜幅材，使得设置在第一膜幅材上的主题和/或对准标记相对于设置在第二膜幅材上的主题和/或对准标记在连接区段中以小于+/-0.5mm的位置公差实现套准对齐。当主题具有清晰轮廓、如线条分明的边缘和/或轮廓时，无需对准标记。
其它权利要求针对装置的构造。
可规定，这样构造调节装置，使得设置在第一膜幅材上的主题和/或对准标记能够相对于设置在第二膜幅材上的主题和/或对准标记在连接区段中以小于+/-0.5mm的位置公差实现套准对齐，或反过来。调节装置可具有一个或多个测量装置以及一个或多个驱动装置。驱动装置例如可集成到接收装置中。驱动装置在此可是直线电动机，并且接收装置可具有十字工作台，该十字工作台可通过直线电动机在x方向和y方向上移动。测量装置例如可具有电子照相机和具有图像采集和处理软件的计算机。
可规定，所述至少一个焊头可垂直于膜幅材的表面移动。
还可规定，所述至少一个焊头可围绕其纵轴线旋转，如上所述。
还可规定，所述至少一个焊头可横向于膜幅材的表面在x方向和/或y方向上、尤其是自由移动。该选择是优选的，当宽度大于焊头的工作宽度的膜幅材被拼接时。
可这样构造焊头，使得其可产生任意形式和图案的焊缝以及单焊缝和多焊缝。
可规定，所述至少一个焊头构造为超声波焊头。该焊头可具有能更换的超声波发生器，以便例如能够形成不同几何形状的焊缝。
另外可规定，所述至少一个焊头构造为接触焊头。可设置脉冲运行，以避免焊头的大面积加热。
在另一种有利的方案中可规定，所述至少一个焊头构造为激光焊头。焊接装置可包括专门构造的、尤其是低粘附的底垫(例如由金属、硅、特氟隆、聚酰胺或类似物制成)。也可例如在超声波发生器和膜表面之间设置垫片、例如以硅垫片的形式。焊接装置还可包括用于剪切和/或固定膜的装置。示例是抽吸装置、夹紧和张紧装置、压紧装置或它们的组合。
附图说明
下面借助实施例详细说明本发明。附图如下：
图1a为用于连接两个转印膜幅材或层合膜幅材的装置的第一种实施例的示意性侧视图；
图1b为图1a的装置的示意性俯视图；
图2a为图1a的彼此连接的膜幅材的示意性透视图；
图2b为图1a的彼此连接的膜幅材的示意性剖面图；
图3为用于连接两个转印膜幅材或层合膜幅材的装置的第二种实施例的示意性透视图；
图4a为用于连接两个转印膜幅材或层合膜幅材的装置的第三种实施例的示意性剖面图；
图4b为图4a的彼此连接的膜幅材的示意性剖面图；
图5a为用于图5c中以示意性剖面图示出的用于连接两个转印膜幅材或层合膜幅材的装置的第四种实施例的膜区段的第一加工阶段；
图5b为图5a中的膜区段的第二加工阶段；
图5c为用于连接两个转印膜幅材或层合膜幅材的装置的第四种实施例的示意性剖面图；
图5d为图5c的彼此连接的膜幅材的示意性剖面图；
图6a为用于连接两个转印膜幅材或层合膜幅材的装置的第五种实施例的示意性剖面图；
图6b为图6a的彼此连接的膜幅材的示意性剖面图；
图7a为用于连接两个转印膜幅材或层合膜幅材的装置的第六种实施例的示意性剖面图；
图7b为图7a的彼此连接的膜幅材的示意性剖面图；
图8为在层结构中彼此焊接的膜端部区段的示意性剖面图；
图9a为10倍放大的膜焊接连接的剖面图；
图9b为20倍放大的膜焊接连接的剖面图。
具体实施方式
图1a和1b以示意图示出用于借助超声波焊接连接或拼接两个转印膜幅材或层合膜幅材2和2'的装置。在图1a和1b所示的实施例中所述膜为构造为热印膜的转印膜。
带状膜幅材2和2'由供料辊2v提供并被供应给接收装置4和4'，接收装置固定膜幅材的端部区段。膜幅材作为膜卷存在，所述膜卷在装置1中被连接成更大的膜卷。膜是多层体，该多层体包括热塑性载体膜和可从载体膜上撕下的、构造为转移层的装饰层。所述膜还可包括其它层、如设置在载体膜和转移层之间的分离层，该分离层使转移层从载体膜上的分离变得容易。还可设置反射层和保护层，如下面在图8中所说明的。
接收装置4与调节装置4j不可相对运动地连接。借助调节装置4j接收装置4可在x方向和y方向上移动，由此可调节两个膜幅材2和2'彼此间的位置。借助调节装置4j可这样彼此对齐两个膜幅材2和2'，使得设置在第一膜幅材2上的主题和/或对准标记与设置在第二膜幅材2'上的主题和/或对准标记以小于+/-0.5mm位置公差的套准(对准)对齐并且在此构成搭接接头3，在搭接接头中膜幅材上下重叠设置。膜幅材2和2'在搭接接头3中位于砧座5上，该砧座设置在超声波焊头6下方。超声波焊头6包括超声波换能器6w、变幅器6a和超声波发生器6s。
高频交流电被传送给超声波换能器6w，借助压电或磁致伸缩效应由该交流电产生机械超声波振动。该超声波振动通过变幅器6a被传递到超声波发生器6s。通过变幅器6a的形状和质量影响超声波振动的振幅和阻抗匹配。超声波发生器6s可由钢、铝或钛制成。
在图1a和1b所示的实施例中，超声波发生器6s具有两个彼此间隔开的尖部。超声波发生器6s的这两个尖部通过超声波焊头6的下降与在搭接接头3中位于上侧的膜幅材2贴靠并且将超声波振动传递到膜材料上。在此砧座5构成用于超声波发生器6s的支座。超声波振动因此在压力下传递到待连接的膜幅材2和2'上，所述膜幅材在搭接接头3中上下重叠地设置在砧座5上。膜幅材2和2'的与超声波发生器6s接触的区域基于由超声波引起的内摩擦而受热并且熔化在一起。
下降的超声波焊头6可横向于膜幅材2和2'的纵轴线移动，使得可通过超声波发生器6s的两个尖部形成由两个平行的焊缝3n构成的双接缝(参见图2a和2b)，所述双接缝在膜幅材2和2'的整个宽度上延伸。
已经令人意想不到地表明，虽然在搭接接头3中在两个载体膜之间设有其它层，以致这两个载体膜不直接接触，但仍形成持久的和能承受载荷的焊接连接。曾预计尤其是蜡在超声波焊接时通过能量输入发生熔化而用作分离介质并且阻止耐久的焊接。下面在图8中说明一种可能的作用机制，该作用机制导致能承受载荷的连接。
图2a和2b以示意性透视图和示意性剖视图示出图1中的彼此连接的膜幅材。膜幅材2和2'通过双接缝彼此连接，该双接缝由两个焊缝3n构成。
代替由两个直线的平行的单接缝构成的双接缝，也可采用其它的双接缝，当超声波焊头6可围绕其纵轴线(z轴，相应于下降方向)旋转时。由此超声波发生器6s的两个尖部也可在超声波焊头6横向于膜幅材2、2＇的纵轴线或者说行进方向的直线移动期间进行旋转，从而产生由两个平行的、非直线的单接缝构成的振荡的双接缝。根据移动速度和旋转速度的大小可控制所产生的尤其是复杂的形状、以及尤其是交叉连接缝的密度、即其彼此间的距离。振荡的双接缝尤其可类似于扭索图案成形。这种紧密排列的双接缝可提高尤其是抵抗加工和/或卷起膜幅材2和2'时的拉力的强度。超声波发生器也可具有两个以上的尖部，从而可产生直线的平行的多接缝或如上所述相应更复杂的、非直线的多接缝。多接缝也可与先前所述的接缝宽度变化和/或接缝中断相结合。
图3示出装置1的第二种实施例，在其中超声波发生器6s构造为滚动超声波发生器并且砧座5构造为滚动砧座。为简单起见该装置在图3中局限于超声波发生器和砧座，所述装置与图1中的装置大致相同地构造。
图4a示出装置1的第三种实施例的局部示意图，该装置与图1中的装置基本上相同地构造。两个膜幅材2和2'在形成对接接头的情况下彼此对接并且在连接区段中由拼接膜7覆盖。拼接膜7可如两个膜幅材的载体膜一样由热塑性塑料材料制成。拼接膜例如可作为带被供应给装置1，在焊接后该带被裁剪到膜幅材的宽度。如图4b所示，可设置由两个焊缝3n构成的双接缝。该实施例的优点在于，两个焊缝3n可直接形成于可彼此焊接的热塑性塑料材料之间，从而形成具有最佳抗拉强度的焊缝。
图5a至5d示出一种实施例，在其中膜幅材2和2'的端部区段分别以90°角弯曲或折叠并且形成折叠区段2f或2f'。由此在焊缝3n之一中产生更高的强度，因为通过折叠在折叠区段中两个膜幅材的载体膜上下重叠并且载体膜逆着晚些时候的拉力载荷的方向彼此嵌接或彼此啮合。
图6a和6b示出另一种实施例，在其中作为连接方法使用接触焊接。代替图1中的超声波焊头，设置接触焊头8，该接触焊头在其朝向搭接接头的下侧上具有两个彼此间隔开的线状或带状加热元件8h，所述加热元件在接触焊头8下降到待连接的膜幅材2和2'上时通过局部热熔化载体膜形成两个焊缝3n。在此在焊缝中形成混合层，如下面在图8中所描述的。
图7a和7b示出另一种实施例，在其中。膜幅材2和2'通过激光焊接彼此连接。在该实施例中设置两个彼此间隔开的激光焊头9，该激光焊头可线状加热待连接的膜幅材2和2'。为此激光焊头9构造成可沿接缝轴线移动的，或可设置不可移动的具有光束偏转装置的激光焊头。接收装置的朝向激光焊头9的上侧设计成对于所使用的激光辐射而言是透明的。两个膜幅材2和2'构成对接接头，在对接接头下方设置构造为黑色拼接膜的用于激光辐射的吸收层10。在拼接膜下方设置砧座5。有利的是，这样定位两个膜幅材2和2'，使得载体膜贴靠于拼接膜上。
如接触焊头8设有两个或更多加热元件8h或激光焊头9设有两个或更多激光束，也可籍此通过使接触焊头8围绕其纵轴线旋转或在激光焊头9的情况下通过使激光焊头9旋转围绕其纵轴线旋转或通过相应调整光束偏转装置形成强度更高的、复杂的、尤其是振荡的多接缝。在此多接缝也可与先前所述的接缝宽度变化和/或接缝中断相结合。
图8借助示意剖面图详细示出两个彼此焊接的膜幅材2和2'的层结构以及焊缝3n的构造。
两个膜幅材2和2'构造为多层体。在载体膜21——其例如可由聚酯、尤其是PET(聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯)制成——上设置蜡形式的分离层22、转移层23和尤其是金属的反射层24。反射层例如可由金属如铝、铜、铬或由HRI层(HRI＝高折射率)如ZnS或TiO2或由多层系统全表面地构成或例如通过局部金属化或去金属化的结构化而构成。也可以是它们的组合。作为其它层例如可设置胶粘剂层。
如研究表明，在焊缝3n中形成混合结构，载体膜21构成连续的连接层，在其中嵌入其余层的组合体。如图9a和9b所示，层组发生了混合。虽然该混合层不像载体膜那么均匀，但仍具有足够的抗拉强度，以实现膜的压印或层合，如上所述。
如借助不同焊接方法的实验表明，虽然没有达到传统接头的抗拉强度，但达到了对于接头提出的最小拉伸强度的要求、即大于13N/cm。抗拉强度分别借助Zwick试验机确定。
在超声波焊接中对于PET膜在接缝宽度为0.8mm时根据材料厚度产生下述抗拉强度：
－PET 19μm：21.5N/cm
－PET 50μm：47.0N/cm
原始材料在厚度为19μm时具有40-45N/cm的抗拉强度。
传统的，涂有胶粘剂的拼接带具有30-40N/cm的抗拉强度。在传统的拼接以及厚度为19μm的PET膜的情况下抗拉强度为35-45N/cm。
上述PET材料的根据本发明焊接的接头具有15-25N/cm的抗拉强度，这对于在卷到卷工艺中进一步加工连接的膜幅材是足够的。
在另一实验中，热印膜的膜幅材通过超声波焊接以0.6－1.0mm的接缝宽度彼此连接，在此每接缝抗拉强度为12-19N/cm。
在具有染色的胶粘剂的热印膜中在相同的0.6－1.0mm的接缝宽度下每接缝抗拉强度仅为3.0N/cm。
进行其它实验来确定接缝宽度以及焊接方法的影响：
-超声波焊接(每0.5mm接缝)：4.1N/cm
-超声波焊接(每1mm接缝)：8.5N/cm
-脉冲焊接或接触焊接(每1.6mm接缝)：12.8N/cm
显然，接缝宽度对于焊缝的抗拉强度有决定性的影响。
对于两个膜幅材2和2'的接缝处提出下列要求：
如下所示，在总厚度约为19μm的热印膜的膜幅材连接时可产生下述结果：
-以+/-0.5mm的位置公差的套准形成接缝；
-接缝宽度最大为3mm；
-接缝突起，也就是说接缝厚度不大于具有拼接带的构造；
-粘附如此之好，使得膜可经受住在常见的施用机中出现的拉力；
-接缝长度：在10－650mm的范围内。
附图标记列表
1 用于连接膜幅材的装置
2、2' 膜幅材
2f、2f' 折叠区段
2v 供料辊
3 搭接接头
3n 焊缝
4、4' 接收装置
4j 调节装置
5 砧座
6 超声波焊头
6a 变幅器
6s 超声波发生器
6w 超声波换能器
7 拼接膜
8 接触焊头
8h 加热元件
9 激光焊头
10 吸收层
21 载体膜
22 分离层
23 转移层
24 金属的反射层

Claims (23)

1.用于连接转印膜的第一膜幅材(2)和第二膜幅材(2')的方法，所述第一膜幅材(2)和第二膜幅材(2')分别具有热塑性载体膜(21)和装饰层(23)，其特征在于，在第一膜幅材(2)和第二膜幅材(2')之间构成共同的连接区段(3)，在该连接区段中第一膜幅材(2)和第二膜幅材(2')通过焊接方法彼此连接，所述共同的连接区段构造为对接接头，该对接接头被拼接膜覆盖，该拼接膜通过第一焊缝与第一膜幅材连接并且通过第二焊缝与第二膜幅材连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述共同的连接区段构造为搭接接头(3)。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一膜幅材(2)和第二膜幅材(2')借助超声波焊接彼此连接。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一膜幅材(2)和第二膜幅材(2')借助接触焊接彼此连接。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，为了形成焊缝使用电加热元件(8h)。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一膜幅材(2)和第二膜幅材(2')借助激光焊接彼此连接。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，在连接区段中在第一和第二膜幅材(2、2')下方设置用于激光的吸收层(10)。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于，作为吸收层(10)使用吸收激光的拼接膜。
9.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，构造连续的焊缝。
10.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，构造非连续的焊缝。
11.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，构造振荡形式的焊缝，在振荡焊缝的情况下能改变焊缝的位置和/或焊缝的宽度。
12.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，这样彼此对齐第一膜幅材(2)和第二膜幅材(2')，使得设置在第一膜幅材(2)上的主题和/或对准标记相对于设置在第二膜幅材(2')上的主题和/或对准标记在连接区段(3)中以优于+/-0.5mm的位置公差实现套准对齐。
13.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，在形成焊缝之前在焊缝区域中局部去除装饰层(23)。
14.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，将这样的第一膜幅材(2)和第二膜幅材(2')彼此连接，它们具有分离层，以使装饰层(23)从热塑性载体膜(21)上的分离变得容易。
15.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，将这样的第一膜幅材(2)和第二膜幅材(2')彼此连接，它们具有胶粘剂层。
16.用于材料锁合地连接转印膜的第一膜幅材(2)和第二膜幅材(2')的装置(1)，所述第一和第二膜幅材分别包含一个热塑性载体膜(21)以及一个装饰层(23)，并且装饰层(23)具有主题和/或对准标记，其特征在于，所述装置(1)包含多个用于第一膜幅材(2)和第二膜幅材(2')的接收装置(4、4')和至少一个焊头，该焊头设置在第一膜幅材(2)和第二膜幅材(2')的连接区段(3)上方，该用于材料锁合地连接转印膜的第一膜幅材和第二膜幅材的装置设计成用于将拼接膜通过第一焊缝与第一膜幅材连接并且通过第二焊缝与第二膜幅材连接，该拼接膜覆盖构造为对接接头的所述连接区段，并且其中至少一个接收装置(4、4')与调节装置(4j)不可相对运动地连接，借助调节装置(4j)接收装置能在x方向和y方向上移动，由此能够调节两个膜幅材彼此间的位置。
17.根据权利要求16所述的装置，其特征在于，这样构造调节装置(4j)，使得设置在第一膜幅材(2)上的主题和/或对准标记能够相对于设置在第二膜幅材(2')上的主题和/或对准标记在连接区段(3)中以优于+/-0.5mm的位置公差实现套准对齐，或反过来。
18.根据权利要求16或17所述的装置，其特征在于，所述至少一个焊头能够垂直于第一膜幅材和第二膜幅材的表面移动。
19.根据权利要求16或17所述的装置，其特征在于，所述至少一个焊头能够围绕其纵轴线旋转。
20.根据权利要求16或17所述的装置，其特征在于，所述至少一个焊头能够横向于第一膜幅材和第二膜幅材的表面在x方向和/或y方向上移动。
21.根据权利要求16或17所述的装置，其特征在于，所述至少一个焊头构造为超声波焊头(6)。
22.根据权利要求16或17所述的装置，其特征在于，所述至少一个焊头构造为接触焊头(8)。
23.根据权利要求16或17所述的装置，其特征在于，所述至少一个焊头构造为激光焊头(9)。
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EP2750864B1 (de) 2018-12-12
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JP6090324B2 (ja) 2017-03-08
MX350755B (es) 2017-09-18
TR201902068T4 (tr) 2019-03-21
JP2014526398A (ja) 2014-10-06
WO2013029901A1 (de) 2013-03-07
MX2014002189A (es) 2014-05-30
BR112014004633A2 (pt) 2017-03-14
BR112014004633B1 (pt) 2020-07-28
RU2014112354A (ru) 2015-10-10
US20140311654A1 (en) 2014-10-23
RU2606648C2 (ru) 2017-01-10
EP2750864A1 (de) 2014-07-09

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