CN103703992A - Planting method for sandy land vegetation recovery - Google Patents
Planting method for sandy land vegetation recovery Download PDFInfo
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- CN103703992A CN103703992A CN201310737836.5A CN201310737836A CN103703992A CN 103703992 A CN103703992 A CN 103703992A CN 201310737836 A CN201310737836 A CN 201310737836A CN 103703992 A CN103703992 A CN 103703992A
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Abstract
Provided is a planting method for sandy land vegetation recovery. Planting furrows are dug perpendicular to the wind direction before vegetation is planted, straw or crop stalks or weeds are laid on the furrow bottoms of the planting furrows, then zeolite particles are laid on the straw or the crop stalks or the weeds to form a bottom filter layer; the straw or the crop stalks or the weeds are laid on the surfaces of the zeolite particles, mixtures mixed with water-retaining agents are laid on the furrow bottoms to form a water-retaining agent mixture layer, straw, white stone powder, calcium, magnesium, phosphor and organic fertilizer are added on the water-retaining agent mixture layer, and strong seedlings with the ground diameter larger than 1cm and root system length longer than 30cm are selected to be planted in the planting furrows in late autumn.
Description
Technical field
A kind of method that the present invention relates to forestry plantation, specifically adopts moisture-holding cultivation, reaches the object of Shu Sheng.
Background technology
Due to reasons such as arid, orazings too closely, Inner Mongolian grassland desertifies day by day, and original desert is spread gradually.For this reason, country drops into substantial contribution for control of desert.But, due to desert, there is the features such as water penetration is extremely strong, moisture capacity extreme difference, variations in temperature is large, the large sandy soil mobility of wind in spring is strong, make afforestation become very difficult.
Under prior art, the normal plant pit bottom laying plastic of using delays under moisture, to ooze, increase the technology that local soil humidity, surface coating preserve soil moisture, and survival rate of transplanted seedling tree is greatly improved, and waters water and is also saved.But due to environmental limitations, can not take the measure of soil moved in to improve the original local improving.Investigation result shows: after watering in plant pit, its soil moisture content is only 17%, as can be seen here, even if take above-mentioned measure, also must guarantee must water one time in 3 days water, otherwise, will cause the death of nursery stock lack of water.In addition, owing to there is cavity, survive rear arid in the front nursery stock dehydration of taking root, bare-rooted planting root, choice of tree species, planting site is selected and damage by disease and insect is popular etc., all cause nursery stock dead in various degree, the nursery stock main causes of death deeply especially of planting, can the nursery stock buried depth of planting reach 40 the most deeply through investigation? 50cm.Although this way plays Anti-blow-open and drought-resistant ability,, because subsurface temperature is too low, the evaporation of wind is on the ground strong, often causes nursery stock stripping dead.Even if what wherein have survives, because top is dead, the base portion bar that sends forth branches, from arbor become fill with from, this situation is seen everywhere.Especially willow and willow plant after Second Year often cause spring nursery stock full wafer dead.
For overcoming the deficiency of above technology, the object of this invention is to provide the forest planting method under a kind of desert Environment, to improve plant percent and to realize the maximizing the benefits of control of desert.People to the water conservation of forestry plantation be all adopt spray water or etc. the conventional method of it rains.And China's mountain region Forestry Area is large, distribution is wide, environmental condition is complicated, water resource famine, to adopting spray water method, cause investment large, work consuming is many, again waste water resource.As by it rains self-sows such as forestry, very slow again.For making forestry growth fast, saving water resource, reduces costs, and increases the maximum return in forest land.Be necessary for its water-retaining method of forestry plantation research.
Water conservation is exactly fertilizer conservation, can make forest have enough moisture and nutrition, improves soil water-reataining fertilizer-keeping, loose ventilative, and heat absorption insulation and the cold-resistant ability of drought resisting promote that forest grows continuously and healthily, increase the maximum return of forest land per mu yield.Therefore invention utilizes organism basin water-retaining method necessary to forestry.Within 2008, in Wuchuan, Guangdong, take water-retaining method to plant 1000 strain tests, within 2009, at Nansha Area, Guangzhou, taking water-retaining method to plant 10000 Zhu He Conghua City takes water-retaining method to plant the test of 40000 strains, 2010 Nian Guangdong Province Yingde Counties adopt water-retaining method to plant 30000 strains, survival rate is all more than 98%, and arboreal growth is very quick, more sturdy more than 50% than the trees of planting self-sow the same period.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of forestry water retention cultivation fast growth, can make forest obtain enough moisture and nutrition, reach growth continuously and healthily.
For reaching above-mentioned object, water-retaining method of the present invention comprises the following steps:
The desertify implantation methods of ground revegetation, is characterized in that planting that vertically-supplying air is to digging plantation ditch before vegetation, and the bottom of trench of plantation ditch is laid straw or stalk or weeds, then on straw or stalk or weeds, lays zeolite granular, formation bottom filter layers; Then on zeolite granular surface, re-lay straw or stalk or weeds, then the mixture that is mixed with water-loss reducer is layed in to bottom of trench and forms water-loss reducer mixture layer, on water-loss reducer mixture layer, add rice straw, albarium, calcium magnesium phosphorus and fertilizer, selecting leading thread to be greater than plants to and plants in ditch in the time autumn Mo strong sprout that 1cm, root length be greater than 30 centimetres, when the tree root of plantation trees is naked, with rooting powder solution, dip in wet described tree root, the mass concentration of described rooting powder solution is 0.15-0.2%; When the tree roots of plantation trees is during with native ball, with rooting powder solution, water described tree root, the concentration of described root-inducing powder determines according to the height of trees, and height is in 3 meters, and the mass concentration of described root-inducing powder is 0.15-0.2%; Height is at 3-5 rice, and the mass concentration of described root-inducing powder is 0.3-0.4%; Height is more than 5 meters, the mass concentration of described root-inducing powder is 0.6-0.8%, when plantation forest, tree root must be inserted matrix packed layer by mixed-matrix until also compacting in plantation hole apart from water-loss reducer mixture layer 20cm～30cm simultaneously, concordant with earth's surface, cover moisturizing grass above, the mixture of described water-loss reducer is that agricultural water-loss reducer, husk, water form by weight 5: 20～30: 200～300 configurations again.
Described mixed-matrix is 1 by volume ratio: organic compost material and the original soil of 3-7 form, and described organic compost material is prepared from accordance with the following steps:
A) after collection agriculture and forestry organic waste material, pulverize, make agriculture and forestry organic waste material particle;
B) to the C/N ratio to 20 of adding feces of livestock and poultry in agriculture and forestry organic waste material particle and regulate agriculture and forestry organic waste material particle: 1～40: 1, make agriculture and forestry organic waste material compost mixture;
C) regulate after water content to 50%～65% of agriculture and forestry organic waste material compost mixture, agriculture and forestry organic waste material compost mixture heap is in heaps, carry out compost fermentation processing, obtain, wherein said agriculture and forestry organic waste material is agriculture, woods, herd, each industry of fishing, produce, the discarded object producing in processing and daily life process, particularly, described agriculture and forestry organic waste material is selected wheat straw, reed, Sunflower Stalk, cogongrass stem, grass bits, flower loses, fallen leaves, rice straw, corncob, maize straw, peach-pit, almond, plum pit, peanut shell, sunflower seed shell, cotton seed hulls, oil-tea camellia husks, coconut palm chaff, coconut husk, branch, one or more in bark.
Described forest is selected arbor sapling or shrub sapling, and described arbor is selected one or more in locust tree, Chinese scholar tree, willow, willow, silk tree, Ailanthus altissima, juniper, mulberry tree, arbor-vitae, Chinese pine, midget crabapple; Described shrub is selected one or more in the rose of Sharon, cloves, shrubby flase indigo, feed mulberry, torch, Atyiplex canescen, glossy privet.
The thickness h that bottom of trench is laid straw or stalk or weeds is 10-20cm, the thickness h of zeolite granular, and 5-10cm, the particle diameter of zeolite granular is 3-5mm.
Good effect of the present invention is, implement raw material sources of the present invention extensively, turn waste into wealth, low price, saving water resource, cost-saving, easily operation, nonpollution environment, water conservation temperature retention time is long, performance fertilizer efficiency is high, drought resisting and the cold tolerance of promotion trees, greatly improves the volume of timber of forest land per mu yield.Approximately 0.5 yuan of every trees water-loss reducer cost.Example: teak, fruit trees etc. adopt the plantation of water conservation Planting Fast-growing method, and its growth rate is than plantation growth is quick more than 50% naturally.
Embodiment
1, prepare organic compost material
One or more in afforestation discarded object (comprising the organic substances such as deadwood in urban afforestation, fallen leaves, grass bits, flower lose, greening pruner thing) are carried out to fermented manure, make organic compost material, standby.
The waste of organic matter such as afforestation discarded object in composting fermentation process, the Humus material that the Substance Transformation that part wherein is easily decomposed by microorganism is stable in properties, the remaining lignocellulose material that is difficult for being decomposed, improves the permeability of soil; The organic compost material of processing preparation through compost fermentation can reduce alkali-affected soil pH, improves soil organic matter content and rapid available phosphorus, quick-acting potassium content, can also improve soil microbial activities.
Described organic compost material is prepared from accordance with the following steps:
A) collection afforestation discarded object is carried out to pulverization process, crusher sifting bore dia is 2cm, makes the discarded object particle that particle diameter is less than 2mm;
B) in discarded object particle, add feces of livestock and poultry, regulate the C/N ratio to 20 of discarded object particle: 1～40: 1;
C) to having regulated in the particle of C/N ratio, spray water, regulate the discarded object that piles width after water content to 50%～65% and be highly 1m to pile, carry out compost fermentation processing, fermentation temperature remains on 45-55C, ferments after 7 days (in the present invention, compost fermentation number of days is 6-8 days), and composting fermentation process finishes, wherein when fermentation temperature surpasses 70 ℃, carry out turning processing, reduce the temperature of heap body, make organic compost material.
In the present invention, the C/N ratio of discarded object particle is adjusted to 30: 1; Moisture content is 60%; Fermentation temperature remains 45-55 ℃, ferments for 6-8 days.
2. excavate plantation hole
Before plantation vegetation, vertically-supplying air is to digging plantation ditch, and the bottom of trench of plantation ditch is laid straw or stalk or weeds, then on straw or stalk or weeds, lays zeolite granular, forms bottom filter layers; Then on zeolite granular surface, re-lay straw or stalk or weeds, then the mixture that is mixed with water-loss reducer is layed in to bottom of trench and forms water-loss reducer mixture layer, on water-loss reducer mixture layer, add rice straw, albarium, calcium magnesium phosphorus and fertilizer, selecting leading thread to be greater than plants to and plants in ditch in the time autumn Mo strong sprout that 1cm, root length be greater than 30 centimetres, when the tree root of plantation trees is naked, with rooting powder solution, dip in wet described tree root, the mass concentration of described rooting powder solution is 0.15-0.2%; When the tree roots of plantation trees is during with native ball, with rooting powder solution, water described tree root, the concentration of described root-inducing powder determines according to the height of trees, and height is in 3 meters, and the mass concentration of described root-inducing powder is 15-0.2%; Height is at 3-5 rice, and the mass concentration of described root-inducing powder is 0.3-0.4%; Height is more than 5 meters, the mass concentration of described root-inducing powder is 0.6-0.8%, when plantation forest, tree root must be inserted matrix packed layer by mixed-matrix until also compacting in plantation hole apart from water-loss reducer mixture layer 20cm～30cm simultaneously, concordant with earth's surface, cover moisturizing grass above, the mixture of described water-loss reducer is that agricultural water-loss reducer, husk, water form by weight 5: 20～30: 200～300 configurations again.After planting, water in time normal root water, be beneficial to Survival rate of nursery stock; To the timely righting of inclination plant fixing; Prevention and elimination of disease and pests; Regularly prune excessive growth, overstocked, catch an illness, withered branch.
The soil on the top layer (0-10cm) of the matrix packed layer in random acquisition embodiment and reference examples in plantation hole, each processes repeated sampling 6 times, take back laboratory, air-dry at ambient temperature, the soil after air-dry is ground, and cross the soil sieve that aperture is 1mm, by the soil after sieving according to Tu Shui than lixiviate in 1: 5, after leaching liquor being vibrated on vibrating machine 3 minutes, filter, the liquid to be measured that filtrate being contained soluble-salt segregant, puts into the refrigerator of 4 ℃ and preserves to be measured after making.
Wherein, adopt double-tracer technique to measure CO32-and HCO3-; Adopt AgNO3 titration measuring Cl-; Adopt EDTA indirect titration to measure SO42-; Adopt EDTA complexometric titration Ca2+ and Mg2+; Adopt flame spectrophotometric determination K+ and Na+, measurement result is as shown in table 1.
Table 1 soil eight ions content measurement result
Testing result shows: the present invention, in the method for saline-alkali soil forestation, can significantly reduce the content of soluble-salt segregant in saline land.Reduce the osmotic pressure of alkaline land soil, made root system of plant keep normal vital movement state, promoted plant normal growth to grow.
Air-dry at ambient temperature, measure as follows soil property: unit weight, total porosity, capillary porosity, noncapillary poropsity adopt core cutter method to measure, concrete assay method is as follows:
With before cutting ring sample, first according to soil layer mentioned above, with every layer, the aluminium box 20g that fetches earth, in the baking oven of 105 ℃, dry 8h to soil sample constant weight, weigh the quality of oven-dried soil, calculating soil moisture conversion coefficient K.
On the balance that is 0.01g at sensibility reciprocal, weigh up after the weight of idle loop cutter (W0), in different soil, with cutting ring sample, after getting, weigh in the balance heavily, be designated as W1; By weighing up heavy cutting ring, throw off fore-telling bottom, put into flat basin or other containers, inject and keep basin water layer height on cutting ring along till, make its water suction 12h, cover upper cover, level is taken out, and towels off the water of cutting ring outer, weighs immediately, is designated as W2; Again cutting ring is placed on and is covered with on dry husky square position after 2h, take off and weigh, be designated as W3.Calculate according to the following formula the bulk density of soil, capillary porosity, noncapillary poropsity and total porosity:
Moisture conversion coefficient (K)=oven dry quality of soil sample (g)/wet quality of soil sample (g)
The bulk density of soil (g/cm
3)=(W1-W0) * K/100
Capillary porosity=(W3-W0)/100-bulk density of soil
Total porosity=noncapillary poropsity+capillary porosity
Measurement result is as described in table 2,3.
Table 2 soil physical properties measurement result
Table 3 soil physical properties measurement result
Claims (4)
1. the desertify implantation methods of ground revegetation, is characterized in that: before plantation vegetation, vertically-supplying air is to digging plantation ditch, and the bottom of trench of plantation ditch is laid straw or stalk or weeds, then on straw or stalk or weeds, lays zeolite granular, formation bottom filter layers; Then on zeolite granular surface, re-lay straw or stalk or weeds, then the mixture that is mixed with water-loss reducer is layed in to bottom of trench and forms water-loss reducer mixture layer, on water-loss reducer mixture layer, add rice straw, albarium, calcium magnesium phosphorus and fertilizer, selecting leading thread to be greater than plants to and plants in ditch in the time autumn Mo strong sprout that 1cm, root length be greater than 30 centimetres, when the tree root of plantation trees is naked, with rooting powder solution, dip in wet described tree root, the mass concentration of described rooting powder solution is 0.15-0.2%; When the tree roots of plantation trees is during with native ball, with rooting powder solution, water described tree root, the concentration of described root-inducing powder determines according to the height of trees, and height is in 3 meters, and the mass concentration of described root-inducing powder is 0.15-0.2%; Height is at 3-5 rice, and the mass concentration of described root-inducing powder is 0.3-0.4%; Height is more than 5 meters, the mass concentration of described root-inducing powder is 0.6-0.8%, when plantation forest, tree root must be inserted matrix packed layer by mixed-matrix until also compacting in plantation hole apart from water-loss reducer mixture layer 20cm～30cm simultaneously, concordant with earth's surface, cover moisturizing grass above, the mixture of described water-loss reducer is that agricultural water-loss reducer, husk, water form by weight 5: 20～30: 200～300 configurations again.
2. implantation methods according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described mixed-matrix is 1 by volume ratio: organic compost material and the original soil of 3-7 form, and described organic compost material is prepared from accordance with the following steps:
A) after collection agriculture and forestry organic waste material, pulverize, make agriculture and forestry organic waste material particle;
B) to the C/N ratio to 20 of adding feces of livestock and poultry in agriculture and forestry organic waste material particle and regulate agriculture and forestry organic waste material particle: 1～40: 1, make agriculture and forestry organic waste material compost mixture;
C) regulate after water content to 50%～65% of agriculture and forestry organic waste material compost mixture, agriculture and forestry organic waste material compost mixture heap is in heaps, carry out compost fermentation processing, obtain, wherein said agriculture and forestry organic waste material is agriculture, woods, herd, each industry of fishing, produce, the discarded object producing in processing and daily life process, particularly, described agriculture and forestry organic waste material is selected wheat straw, reed, Sunflower Stalk, cogongrass stem, grass bits, flower loses, fallen leaves, rice straw, corncob, maize straw, peach-pit, almond, plum pit, peanut shell, sunflower seed shell, cotton seed hulls, oil-tea camellia husks, coconut palm chaff, coconut husk, branch, one or more in bark.
3. implantation methods according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described forest is selected arbor sapling or shrub sapling, described arbor is selected one or more in locust tree, Chinese scholar tree, willow, willow, silk tree, Ailanthus altissima, juniper, mulberry tree, arbor-vitae, Chinese pine, midget crabapple; Described shrub is selected one or more in the rose of Sharon, cloves, shrubby flase indigo, feed mulberry, torch, Atyiplex canescen, glossy privet.
4. implantation methods according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the thickness that bottom of trench is laid straw or stalk or weeds is 10-20cm, the thickness 5-10cm of zeolite granular, and the particle diameter of zeolite granular is 3-5mm.
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| CN104054503A (en) * | 2014-07-17 | 2014-09-24 | 宁德市绿星农业开发有限公司 | Method for planting tea-oil trees on substrate-free sandy soil |
| CN104488531A (en) * | 2014-12-26 | 2015-04-08 | 中国科学院华南植物园 | Method for constructing close-to-nature vegetations in southern coastal sandy land |
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| CN105684826A (en) * | 2016-01-28 | 2016-06-22 | 南通鑫稻育种科技有限公司 | Method applicable to saline-alkali soil planting afforestation |
| CN106068740A (en) * | 2016-06-14 | 2016-11-09 | 环境保护部南京环境科学研究所 | A kind of Sandy Grassland seed bank Activiation method and application |
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