CN103510072B - 抑制前体流和衬底区外等离子体以抑制衬底处理系统寄生沉积 - Google Patents

抑制前体流和衬底区外等离子体以抑制衬底处理系统寄生沉积 Download PDF

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CN103510072B
CN103510072B CN201310256636.8A CN201310256636A CN103510072B CN 103510072 B CN103510072 B CN 103510072B CN 201310256636 A CN201310256636 A CN 201310256636A CN 103510072 B CN103510072 B CN 103510072B
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shower nozzle
collar
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CN103510072A (zh
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夏春光
拉梅什·钱德拉赛卡兰
道格拉斯·凯尔
爱德华·J·奥古斯蒂内克
卡尔·利泽
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Novellus Systems Inc
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种抑制前体流和衬底区外等离子体以抑制衬底处理系统寄生沉积的衬底处理系统,其包括喷头,所述喷头包括底部和杆部并且所述喷头传输前体气体到室。轴环,所述轴环将喷头连接到室的上表面。所述轴环围绕喷头的杆部设置,所述轴环包括多个槽,并且将前体气体引导通过多个槽导入喷头的底部和室的上表面之间的区域。

Description

抑制前体流和衬底区外等离子体以抑制衬底处理系统寄生 沉积
相关申请的交叉引用
本发明要求2012年6月25日递交的美国临时申请No.61/663,802的优先权。该美国申请的公开内容被全面地引入下文。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种衬底处理系统,并且更具体地涉及在衬底处理系统中的寄生沉积的抑制。
背景技术
此处对背景的描述是为了总体上呈现发明的内容。本申请的发明人的工作,背景部分所描述的内容以及在申请时没有作为现有技术提出的其他方面,既不能明显地也不能隐含地被当做针对本发明的现有技术。
衬底处理系统,如等离子体增强原子层沉积(PEALD)和等离子体增强化学气相沉积(PECVD)可被用来沉积和刻蚀衬底(如半导体晶片)上的膜。一些PEALD和PECVD系统包括给处理室提供前体的枝形喷头。
喷头通常包括延伸入处理室的杆部和连接到杆部的头部。腔室形成在所述头部和处理室上表面之间的所述头部的后面。换句话说,喷头在腔室中形成死容积。
对于连续处理如PECVD,腔室在功能上不是一个问题。然而,对于瞬时处理如共形膜沉积(CFD)或者ALD,腔室储存了在后续步骤中消耗或交换的化学物。在连续步骤中储存化学物可引起周围环境的随时间变化的污染物。减少腔室容易使喷头(通常由射频供电)更靠近室(通常位于地上)的顶面。这可以增加耦合到室顶面的射频(RF)。在一些情况中,增加的射频耦合可能不利地影响撞击等离子体的能力。同样地,在腔室区域停留的化学成分的存在可能导致膜的沉积最终产生缺陷。
发明内容
一种衬底处理系统,其包括喷头,所述喷头包括底部和杆部并且所述喷头传输前体气体到室。轴环,所述轴环将喷头连接到室的上表面。所述轴环围绕喷头的杆部设置,所述轴环包括多个槽,并且将清扫气体引导通过多个槽到喷头的底部和室的上表面之间的区域。
在其他特征中,所述轴环包括底部和杆部。所述轴环的杆部限定了内部腔室,所述内部腔室容纳喷头的杆部。板包括开口,所述开口容纳喷头的杆部。所述板被设置在所述轴环的杆部的下边缘与所述喷头的底部之间。所述轴环将清扫气体引导至板和所述喷头的杆部之间以及板和所述喷头的底部之间。
在其他特征中,所述板的一个表面包括多个第一突出,以在所述板和所述喷头的底部之间提供均匀的间隔。所述开口包括多个第二突出,以在所述板和所述喷头的杆部之间提供均匀的间隔。
在其他特征中,所述轴环包括设置在轴环的底部的第一通道。所述轴环包括被限定在轴环的杆部的内部腔室的表面与所述喷头的杆部之间的第二通道。所述清扫气体流过第一通道流向第二通道并且从第二通道流过槽。
在其他特征中,所述轴环的杆部具有圆形截面。第一通道被设置在轴环的底部。第二通道被设置在轴环的杆部。所述清扫气体流过第一通道流向第二通道并且从第二通道流过槽。
在其他特征中,N个介电板被设置于围绕所述喷头的底部和室的上表面之间的所述喷头的杆部。所述轴环将清扫气体引导至N个介电板的上方和下方和N个介电板之间的至少一处,此处N是大于零的整数。
在其他特征中,所述腔室限定了多个第一表面,所述多个第一表面以间隔的关系围绕第一圆周和多个弓形表面设置,所述多个弓形表面设置在多个第一表面之间。所述多个弓形表面相对于多个第一表面径向向外弯曲。
一种运行衬底处理系统的方法,该方法包括使用喷头将前驱气体传输到室,其中所述喷头包括底部和杆部;使用轴环将喷头连接到室的上表面,其中,所述轴环被安排围绕所述喷头的杆部;和提供清扫气体通过轴环的槽进入所述喷头的底部和室的上表面之间的区域。
在其他特征中,所述轴环包括底部和杆部。所述轴环的杆部限定了内部腔室,所述内部腔室容纳所述喷头的杆部。所述方法包括将板设置在轴环的杆部的下边缘和喷头的底部之间,所述板包括容纳喷头的杆部的开口。
在其他特征中,所述方法包括将清扫气体导入所述板和所述喷头的杆部之间以及所述板和所述喷头的底部之间。所述方法包括使用多个突出将板相对于喷头的底部和杆部间隔开。所述方法包括在轴环的底部提供第一通道和在轴环的杆部的腔室的内表面与喷头的杆部之间提供第二通道。所述方法包括使清扫气体流过第一通道流向第二通道并且从第二通道流过槽。
在其他特征中,所述轴环的杆部具有圆形截面。所述方法包括在轴环的底部提供第一通道和在轴环的杆部提供第二通道;和使清扫气体流过第一通道流向第二通道并且从第二通道流过槽。
在其他特征中,所述方法包括设置N个介电板围绕在喷头的底部和室的表面之间的所述喷头的杆部并且使用轴环将清扫气体引导至N个介电板的上方和下方和N个介电板之间的至少一处,此处N是大于零的整数。所述衬底处理室执行原子层沉积。
一种方法,其包括在衬底处理系统的室中喷头下方设置衬底,所述喷头通过轴环被连接至衬底处理系统的上表面;将衬底暴露于第一前体持续第一预定时间;在第一预定时间之后,使清扫气体流过初次清扫路径和二次清扫路径。所述初次清扫路径使清扫气体流过喷头。所述二次清扫路径使清扫气体流过轴环的槽并且流过喷头的底部和上表面之间。所述二次清扫路径移除第一前体。所述方法包括将衬底暴露于第二前体持续第二预定时间。
在其他特征中,所述方法包括在第二预定时间后,使清扫气体流过初次清扫路径和二次清扫路径。所述二次清扫路径移除在喷头的底部和室的上表面之间的第二前体。所述方法包括在第一预定时间期间使清扫气体流过二次清扫路径。所述方法包括在第二预定时间期间使清扫气体流过二次清扫路径。
本发明的进一步应用领域通过后面的详细描述将会变得显而易见。应该理解的是,详细的描述和具体的例子仅仅是为了阐述并不意图限制本发明的范围。
附图说明
通过详细的描述以及附图,将更完全地理解本发明,其中:
图1是本发明的具有喷头和初次和二级清扫流通道的处理室的一个实施方式的横断面视图;
图2是本发明的轴环的一个实施方式的透视图;
图3是本发明的用于图2中的轴环的流体连接器的透视图;
图4A和4B是本发明的板的实施方式的俯视图和仰视图;
图5是本发明的用于图1中的处理室的流动模型;
图6是本发明的具有喷头和二级清扫流通道的处理室的另一实施方式的横断面视图;
图7是本发明的轴环的另一个实施方式的透视图;
图8是本发明的轴环的另一个实施方式的透视图;
图9仍然是本发明的具有喷头和二级清扫流通道的处理室的另一个实施方式的横断面视图;以及
图10和11是说明本发明的使用二级清扫系统的方法的实施方式的流程图。
具体实施方式
本发明描述了用于从处理室去除过量前体并防止前体流入特定区域(如喷头后方的腔室)的系统和方法。本发明也通过使用惰性气体而非昂贵的膜前体来增强室压强。较高的室压强对前体形成气帘因而增加了前体在衬底区域的部分压强同时在其他区域降低了压强。较高的室压强因其较高的压强状态减少了寄生等离子体的机会。
本发明引入了来自喷头后方的轴对称惰性气体流。在一些实施方式中,腔室中的清扫气体流满足贝克列条件(Peclet condition)(通常大于1的Peclet数)以防止前体的反向扩散(或者前体流)进入腔室。因此,当使腔室中不需要的沉积物(非常难清理)最小化时,室的体积可以减小。通过将后方流与RF隔离/抑制装置结合,可达到进一步的改进。RF隔离/抑制装置可减少腔室中的电场,降低寄生等离子体的机会。
在等离子体增强型原子层沉积(PEALD)处理中,前体需要交替地(alternatively)出现在反应室中然后被排出。为了防止寄生沉积,处理室中的过量前体在引入下一个前体之前,被从处理室以及共享的前体通道(如喷头的杆部)中去除。过量前体的去除通常是通过使用惰性气体来清扫传输通道和室来完成。
当使用枝形喷头时,来自喷头的清扫气体不能有效去除藏在喷头后面的过量前体。因此,前体会引起在喷头后方、在顶部板以及在处理室壁上的相当可观的量的寄生沉积。不能在死区填上固体电介质,因为这样做可能会导致RF耦合接地问题。
在一些实施方式中,腔室可以部分填有陶瓷和/或一系列间隔的堆叠盘。所述堆叠盘相当于一系列串联连接的电容。当使用间隔的堆叠盘时,会有净减少电容(与单独盘中的每一个的电容相比)。减少的电容也降低了耦合到室壁的射频。在一些实施方式中,选择盘的间隔以防止盘间等离子体的形成。盘间的气体流被期望用来防止中性前体扩射入这些空间然后沉积(寄生沉积)。
根据本发明,使用二次清扫在不影响工具吞吐量和膜质量的情况下来防止寄生沉积。同时,二次清扫系统不会引入死区(难以清扫的区域)且它自身不会产生死区。
现在参考图1,示出了衬底处理系统50的一个实施方式,所述衬底处理系统50包括具有喷头70的处理室60。所述喷头70包括杆部72和头部74。所述头部74限定内部腔室75。流体,如前体或清扫气体流经所述杆部72到达分散板76并进入内部腔室75。所述流体再通过位于头部74的底面的间隔孔78进入处理室。
所述喷头70的杆部72通过轴环80被连接至处理室60的顶壁。所述轴环80具有通常T形的横断面并且包括头部81和杆部83。所述轴环80限定内部腔室84,所述内部腔室84是圆柱形并且其容纳喷头70的杆部72。多个槽86形成在杆部83,以允许流体(如清扫气体从内部腔室84流向杆部83的外表面。
流体连接器90可被连接至轴环80的头部81的边缘并且被用于提供流体,如清扫气体。所述流体连接器90包括一个或多个管道和/或连接器(通常标记为92)。所述轴环80的头部81也包括管道和/或连接器(通常标记为93)以将流体流导入轴环80的内部腔室84。
板100设置在喷头70的头部74和轴环80之间。所述板100包括上表面104、中心开口或孔110以及底面114。在一些实施方式中,板100由陶瓷制成。可以选择板100的厚度使材料和接地或对寄生等离子体的电容耦合最小化。所述板100的上表面104与轴环80的底部边缘间隔开,以允许流体通过其间。中心孔110同样与杆部72间隔开,以允许流体通过其间。板的底面114与喷头70的上表面间隔开以允许流体通过其间。在一些实施方式中,板100可以省略且处理室可无板100而运行。
清扫气体流经轴环抑制了处理沉积的化学物进入腔室中的区域,以防止那里的不需要的薄膜沉积。可选择槽以及其他间隙的尺寸以防止等离子体在其中点燃并考虑到要满足的贝克列条件以防止以期望的气体流率反向扩散。
现在参考图2,示出了轴环80的一个实施方式。所述轴环80包括头部81和杆部83。槽86可具有弓形形状且可被设置围绕所述杆部83。所述槽86允许流体从内部腔室84流过槽86。所述头部81可包括配合部分118,所述配合部分与流体连接器90上的相应的配合部分紧密配合。连接后,轴环80的导管93与流体连接器90的导管92对齐。
现在参考图3,示出了轴环80的流体连接器90的一个实施方式。虽然流体连接器90显示为包括第二配合部分120、导管130、连接器132、导管134和连接器136,但是也可考虑流体连接器的其他构造。
现在参考图4A和图4B,示出了板100的实施方式。在图4A中,板100的上表面104显示为具有通常圆形的横截面和中心孔140,所述中心孔被设置在板100的中心。所述中心孔100包括一个或多个突出140,突出140从中心孔110径向向内延伸。所述突出140在板100和杆部72之间提供均匀的间隔。在图4B中,板100的底面114显示为包括突出144,其相对处理室的顶部向下延伸。所述突出144在板100的底面114和喷头70的头部74的上表面之间提供均匀的间隔。所述突出140和144可提供足够靠近的间隔以阻止寄生等离子体。仅举一例,约3mm或更少的间隔可能适于阻止通常处理状态的寄生等离子体。通常处理状态下使用这种间隔,没有足够空间给等离子体与等离子体鞘(小于两个等离子体鞘长度)一起形成。等离子体的形成可被等离子体密度、等离子体电子温度和通过鞘的电压所影响。
现在参考图5,示出了用于图1中的处理室的流动模型。所述流动模型演示了在靠近喷头的边缘流体(如清扫气体)没有再循环的流动。
现在参考图6,示出了处理室200的另一个实施方式。喷头70的杆部72通过轴环210被连接到处理室的顶壁60。所述轴环210具有通常T形的横断面并且包括头部218和杆部222。所述轴环210限定了腔室224,所述腔室通过轴环210的内壁225与喷头70的杆部72间隔开。通道227与腔室224连接。多个槽226形成在杆部222中以允许流体(如清扫气体)从腔室224流出通过通道227流向杆部222的外表面。
可以选择槽、通道和其他间隙的尺寸使其具有足够小的几何尺寸以阻止等离子体在其中点燃并且考虑到要满足的贝克列条件以防止以期望的气体流率反向扩散。
现在参考图7,示出了轴环210的一个实施方式。腔室224被连接到通道227,所述通道位于杆部222的内壁225和外壁之间。通道227与槽226流体连通以允许流体从腔室224流出经过通道227流向槽226。可提供一个或多个孔238以允许与轴环210的连接。当杆部72不与轴环210同轴时,所述轴环210具有多个对称清扫流。所述轴环210因此对喷头水平敏感度较低。
现在参考图8,示出了轴环300的另一个实施方式。所述轴环300包括头部310和杆部312,所述杆部包括多个槽314。中央腔室318容纳喷头70的杆部72。中央腔室318包括基本沿第一直径设置的多个第一表面320。多个弓形表面322径向向外弯曲并散布在多个第一表面322之间以提供更多区域容纳流体。
现在参考图9,示出了处理室400的另一个实施方式。在处理室上表面60和喷头的头部之间的腔室的一部分填满了材料402以减少处理容积。一个或多个板404被设置围绕杆部72并且位于喷头70的头部74的上方。板可由介电材料制成。
因为介质叠层中的射频磁场仍然很高,所以在板404之间可能会发生等离子体的形成(等离子体点燃)。在一些实施方式中,选择板404间的间隙使其足够小以防止“大量(bulk)”等离子体的形成。间隔件408可用来在头部74的上表面上方提供均匀的间隔。另一个板410可被设置在腔室内。板410可由导电或介电材料制成,可被连接至处理室的上表面60并且可基本平行于板404延伸。
仅举一例,当间隙小于或等于约3mm时,对于通常使用的压强和功率电平,等离子体的形成被阻止。然而,对不同数量的板、不同压强和/或射频功率电平,间隙的尺寸可设定其他值。在选定的种类和选定的处理条件(如温度、压强和射频功率和频率)下的半导体处理期间,可以选择间隙的尺寸和介电层或板的数量以防止在介电层之间的等离子体的形成。
轴环420包括头部422和杆部424,所述杆部包括多个槽428。中央腔室426容纳喷头70的杆部72并且给流体的流动提供额外的空间。流体流入中央腔室426、通过槽428和板404与410的中间。板404抑制等离子体并且也减少等离子体保持在板、轴环等之间的各种位置的机会。
现在参考图10和图11,示出了阐述使用二次清扫的方法的实施例的流程图。在图10中,示出了第一方法460。在464,将衬底暴露于第一前体持续第一预定时间。在468,当第一预定时间结束,执行初次和二次清扫。当初次和二次清扫完成,在472,将衬底暴露于第二前体持续第二预定时间。在476,当第二预定时间结束,执行初次和二次清扫。需要时可执行额外的处理。
在图11中,示出了类似于方法460的方法500。然而,在暴露于一个前体或两个前体期间,也运行二次流体流路径。可以理解的是,二次清扫也可仅在一次或两次前体暴露期间运行。在504,当流体流过二次清扫路径时,将衬底暴露于第一前体持续第一预定时间。在508,当第一预定时间结束,执行初次和二次清扫。当初次和二次清扫完成,在512,当流体流过二次清扫路径,将衬底暴露于第二前体持续第二预定时间。在516,当第二预定时间结束,可执行初次和二次清扫。需要时可执行额外的处理。
本发明的系统和方法使用射频元件和流动元件的结合以多种方式来解决寄生沉积。本发明的系统和方法也在没有在轴环周围产生额外的寄生等离子体的情况下提供近对称流。本发明的系统和方法对膜的生产量和不均匀性不具有负面影响。
本发明的等离子体抑制装备、系统和方法的组合减少了有效的室体积,大量减少了前体消耗,降低了操作成本和清扫时间。陶瓷板帮助减少等离子体的产生的机会且也减少等离子体保持在板、轴环等之间的各种位置的机会。例如在图9中,板100和顶板之间的空间被抑制等离子体的板填满。
本发明的系统的方法也消除了外界环境的随时间变化的污染物和在喷头后面的化学反应。
上文的描述实质上只是为了进行说明并不是要限制公开、本公开的应用或者使用。本发明的广泛教导可以不同形式实现。因此,虽然公开的内容包括特定的实施方式,但是本发明真正的范围不应该如此局限,因为在研究了附图、说明书和随附权利要求后,其他的修改方案是很显而易见的。为了清楚显示,附图中使用的相同的标记数字代表相同的元件。如本文中所使用的,短语“A、B、C中的至少一个”应被理解为逻辑上的(A或B或C),使用非排他的逻辑OR。应当理解,在不改变本发明的原则的基础上,一种方法中的一个或几个步骤可改变顺序(或者同时)执行。

Claims (16)

1.一种衬底处理系统,其包括:
喷头,所述喷头包括头部和杆部并且所述喷头传输前体气体到室;
其中所述头部包括上表面、侧壁、包括多个孔的下部平面表面,以及限定在上述上表面、侧壁、下部平面表面之间的圆柱形腔室,
其中所述头部从所述杆部的一端径向向外朝着所述室的侧壁延伸并且限定位于所述头部的上表面和所述室的上表面之间的腔室,
其中所述头部的所述圆柱形腔室接收通过所述杆部的处理气体,
其中所述圆柱形腔室中的所述处理气体通过所述多个孔流入所述下部平面表面并被散布到所述室;
轴环,所述轴环将所述喷头连接到临近所述杆部的另一端的所述室的上表面;
其中,所述轴环围绕所述喷头的所述杆部设置,所述轴环包括多个槽,并且将清扫气体引导通过所述多个槽导入所述喷头的头部和所述室的所述上表面之间的腔室;和
第一板,所述第一板包括开口,所述开口容纳所述喷头的所述杆部,其中所述第一板被设置为:在(i)所述轴环的所述杆部的下边缘,位于所述多个槽的下方,与(ii)所述喷头的所述头部之间。
2.如权利要求1所述的衬底处理系统,其中:
所述轴环包括底部和杆部;和
所述轴环的杆部限定了内部腔室,所述内部腔室容纳所述喷头的所述杆部。
3.如权利要求1所述的衬底处理系统,其中所述轴环将所述清扫气体引导至所述第一板和所述喷头的所述杆部之间以及所述第一板和所述喷头的所述头部之间。
4.如权利要求1所述的衬底处理系统,其中所述第一板的一个表面包括多个第一突出,以在所述第一板和所述喷头的所述头部之间提供均匀的间隔,并且其中所述开口包括多个第二突出,以在所述第一板和所述喷头的所述杆部之间提供均匀的间隔。
5.如权利要求2所述的衬底处理系统,其中:
所述轴环包括设置在所述轴环的所述底部的第一通道;
所述轴环包括被限定在所述轴环的所述杆部的所述内部腔室的表面与所述喷头的所述杆部之间的第二通道;和
所述清扫气体流过所述第一通道流向所述第二通道并且从所述第二通道流过所述槽。
6.如权利要求2所述的衬底处理系统,其中所述轴环的所述杆部具有圆形截面。
7.如权利要求2所述的衬底处理系统,其中:
所述轴环包括设置在所述轴环的所述底部的第一通道;
所述轴环包括设置在所述轴环的所述杆部的第二通道;和
所述清扫气体流过所述第一通道流向所述第二通道并且从所述第二通道流过所述槽。
8.如权利要求1所述的衬底处理系统,其进一步包括:
N个介电板,其包括所述第一板,所述N个介电板被设置围绕所述喷头的所述头部和所述室的所述上表面之间的所述喷头的所述杆部;
其中,所述轴环将清扫气体引导至以下中的至少一处:
所述N个介电板的上方和下方;和
所述N个介电板之间,
此处N是大于零的整数。
9.如权利要求2所述的衬底处理系统,其中所述腔室限定了:
多个第一表面,所述多个第一表面以间隔的关系围绕第一圆周设置;和
多个弓形表面,所述多个弓形表面设置在所述多个第一表面之间,所述多个弓形表面相对于所述多个第一表面径向向外弯曲。
10.如权利要求1所述的衬底处理系统,其中所述喷头由RF信号提供电源以产生在所述室中的等离子体。
11.如权利要求1所述的衬底处理系统,其中所述室接地。
12.如权利要求1所述的衬底处理系统,其中所述圆柱形腔室具有比所述杆部的直径大的直径。
13.如权利要求1所述的衬底处理系统,其中所述喷头包括枝形喷头。
14.如权利要求1所述的衬底处理系统,其中所述第一板被设置为使得清扫气体被从所述多个槽引导穿过所述第一板的上表面。
15.如权利要求14所述的衬底处理系统,其中所述轴环引导所述清扫气体向下进入所述第一板的开口并且进入所述第一板的下表面和所述喷头的所述头部的上表面之间的间隙。
16.一种原子层沉积系统,其包括如权利要求1所述的衬底处理系统。
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