CN103222448B - Breeding method of bactrocera cucurbitae - Google Patents
Breeding method of bactrocera cucurbitae Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a breeding method of bactrocera cucurbitae, which comprises the steps of egg collection, pupa collection, pupa eclosion and imago breeding. According to the method, a natural-growth environmental condition and a living habit of the Bactrocera cucurbitae are researched and analyzed, so that a successful method for artificially breeding the Bactrocera cucurbitae is obtained by creative exploration, and the Bactrocera cucurbitae with basically-consistent growth and development conditions can be obtained in batches; on the basis of the method, the bactrocera cucurbitae meeting a using requirement of scientific experiment research can be provided for scientific experiments all the year around without limitation of natural conditions and seasons; and the breeding method can increase a survival rate of artificial breeding of the Bactrocera cucurbitae, and improve the breeding efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to melon trypetid breeding technology field, more specifically, relate to a kind of melon trypetid raising method.
Background technology
Melon trypetid Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett) is commonly called as " pin honeybee ", and larva claims " melon maggot ", diptera Tephritidae melon Anastrepha.Melon trypetid feeding habits are mixed, and can cause harm 120 various vegetables and fruit, mainly Curcurbitaceae and plant of Solanaceae, as muskmelon, pumpkin, cucumber, balsam pear, watermelon, eggplant and tomato etc.Melon trypetid originates from India, is distributed widely in more than 30 countries and regions in temperate zone, subtropics and the torrid zone at present; Mainly distribute in China the ground such as Fujian, Hainan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan, Sichuan, Hunan, Taiwan.Melon trypetid female adult pest is laid eggs in tender melon and fruit, and larval feeding melon and fruit is caused harm, and has a strong impact on the quality and yield of melon and fruit, and a lot of countries and regions are all classified as melon trypetid as important quarantine object in the world.
In recent years, along with deepening continuously and the development of Prevention Technique of the ambit such as the biology to melon trypetid, physiology, ecology, pathology and molecular biology research, it is test material that the consistent melon trypetid of a large amount of healthy development is needed in laboratory badly.But because natural feed limited by season, the easily factor such as to rot, make the artificial feed formula exploring melon trypetid, science artificial feeding melon trypetid, solve the seasonal shortage problem of melon trypetid, become more and more important.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is the melon trypetid material deficiency overcoming existing scientific experiment research application, a kind of melon trypetid raising method is provided, raised the melon trypetid obtaining test by science, and it is basically identical to ensure to raise the melon trypetid growth period obtained.
Object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical programs:
A kind of melon trypetid raising method is provided, comprises the following steps:
S1. worm's ovum is collected: gather melon trypetid larva, lure melon trypetid to lay eggs on apertured film after raising maturation with attractant, collect worm's ovum, worm's ovum is positioned over host's melon and fruit or artificial feed;
S2. fly pupa gathers: S1 be placed the device that host's melon and fruit of worm's ovum or artificial feed are placed in ventilation, one deck sand is covered with under host's melon and fruit or artificial feed, described host's melon and fruit or artificial feed are positioned over sand overhead, and periodic collection sand also more renews sand; The sand of collection is inserted clear water, pulls the fly pupa of bubbling through the water column out;
S3. the emergence of pupa: be put in dependent insect cage by the fly pupa that S2 obtains, sprouts wings;
S4. imago breeding: the melon trypetid after the emergence obtained by S3 continues to raise needed for standby experiment in dependent insect cage.
Preferably, worm's ovum collection described in S1 adopts worm's ovum harvester, and described worm's ovum harvester comprises the cage body being provided with air-vent, arranges ware, be placed with attractant for melon-trypetid in ware in cage body, and ware mouth film wrapped covers, and described film is provided with aperture.
Film porose described in S1 can adopt preservative film, and the aperture of its aperture be provided with can adopt fine needle bundle just passable, and considered critical is not also done in aperture, and about about 1mm is just passable.
Preferably, described attractant for melon-trypetid is ripe melon and fruit, ripe melon and fruit fruit juice or artificial feed.
In the cage body of worm's ovum harvester, put into melon trypetid, in ware, put into attractant, ware mouth film wrapped covers, and film pricks aperture.In natural environment, ripe melon trypetid directly can lay eggs on melon, the effort of luring of fruity and fragrance that the melon trypetid in worm's ovum harvester can be subject to attractant is lain prone on film close to attractant, due to foraminate existence, melon trypetid is because habit makes so, to be laid eggs by aperture, due to the viscosity of ovum, ovum is pasted on film naturally, is regularly peeled off from hole by film, thus collection obtains melon trypetid ovum.
Preferably, the sand thickness being covered with one deck sand described in S2 is 3 ~ 7cm.
Preferably, the periodic collection described in S2 is collected once every 3 ~ 5 days.
Collect to complete fly pupa described in S2 of the present invention better, the invention provides a kind of preferred fly pupa harvester, described fly pupa harvester comprises cage body and cage lid, also comprises the fixture of one or more fixing host volatiles, and the bottom of described cage body is provided with can the cage base plate of opening type.
Cage base plate places sand, and about 3 ~ 7cm is thick.
Preferably, described the mode of snap close can be adopted to be fixed on cage base plate or to adopt the mode of pull to be connected with cage body lower end by opening type cage base plate, when cage base plate open or pull out time, the sand on cage base plate falls into holding apparatus (or water tank).
One of scheme is alternatively: described cage base plate two ends arrange snap close, interlock with the locker of cage body relevant position, and cage base plate is connected with cage body lower end, when needing, separates opening lock catch, opens cage base plate, put down sand.
Two of scheme are alternatively: cage base plate is divided into two pieces, and two pieces of junction snappings or employing alternate manner are flexibly connected, and outwards split, release sand when needing.
Three of scheme are alternatively: described can the cage base plate of opening type be drawing structure, is pulled out by cage base plate, collect sand as pull drawer.
About described fixture, one of preferred scheme, described fixture is the suspension hook connecting cage lid.Host's melon and fruit or artificial feed can be placed on suspension hook.
Preferred scheme two, described fixture comprises fixed mount and retainer plate, and described fixed mount connects cage body, described retainer plate Connection Bracket.Host's melon and fruit or artificial feed can be placed on retainer plate.Preferably, described retainer plate is equipped with the string bag.
Preferred scheme three, described fixture is the network structure layer that one deck can be fixed on cage body, and host's melon and fruit or artificial feed can be placed in network structure layer.Network structure layer can be wire netting or nylon wire, and cancellated width of mesh, without considered critical, can allow melon trypetid adult freely come in and go out.The mode that network structure layer is fixed on cage body has multiple, such as, arrange hook in cage body appropriate location, by network structure layer Corner Strapped in the first-class mode of hook.
Preferably, water tank can also be connected with under cage body.
Preferably, described cage cover strip has one or more ventilation holes.
Preferably, described cage lid is transparency cover.
Preferably, described fixture is preferably 5 ~ 10cm from the distance of cage base plate.
Preferably, the condition of the emergence described in S3 is, be positioned over by fly pupa in the middle of sand bed (being preferably positioned in the middle of sand bed), the humidity keeping sand is 60 ~ 80%, keeps temperature to be 25 ~ 28 DEG C.
Preferably, in the dependent insect cage described in S4, comprise water-feed, be provided with cobblestone in described water-feed, the height that in water-feed, amount of water is no more than cobblestone according to the height of the water surface is determined.
The present invention can by collecting the fruit being subject to the harm of melon trypetid, usually the larva of melon trypetid is had in these fruit, worm's ovum collection, the collection of fly pupa, the emergence of pupa, the whole process of imago breeding can be completed after larval maturation, new melon trypetid adult based on imago breeding acquisition can start the circulation of new feeding process, ensure that the realization of goal of the invention of the present invention is no longer subject to the restriction of natural conditions, and science control can be carried out to the feeding process of melon trypetid.
Based on described preferred device, the raising method that the invention provides preferred melon trypetid comprises the steps:
S1. worm's ovum is collected: gather melon trypetid larva raising ripe, ripe melon trypetid puts into worm's ovum harvester, collects worm's ovum, is positioned over by worm's ovum on host's melon and fruit or artificial feed, and host's melon and fruit or artificial feed are loaded fly pupa harvester;
S2. fly pupa gathers: spread one deck sand in the bottom of fly pupa harvester, the host's melon and fruit described in S1 or artificial feed are positioned over sand overhead, and periodic collection sand also more renews sand; The sand of collection is inserted clear water, pulls the fly pupa of bubbling through the water column out;
S4. the emergence of pupa: be put in dependent insect cage by the pupa that S2 obtains, sprouts wings;
S5. imago breeding: the melon trypetid after the emergence obtained by S4 continues to raise needed for standby experiment in dependent insect cage.
Dependent insect cage is with reference to the device of existing raising melon trypetid.
The invention has the advantages that:
1. the present invention is after first time gathers melon trypetid larva, worm's ovum collection that can complete total system, that be not subject to natural conditions restriction, the collection of fly pupa, the emergence of pupa, the whole process of imago breeding, new melon trypetid adult based on imago breeding acquisition can start the circulation of new feeding process, ensure that the realization of goal of the invention of the present invention is no longer subject to the restriction of natural conditions, and science control can be carried out to the feeding process of melon trypetid.The present invention establishes the feeding system of the melon trypetid of complete a, system, can raise the scientific experiment experiment demand ensureing melon trypetid throughout the year by the present invention.
2. method of operating of the present invention is simple, and take up room little, survival rate is high, and can obtain the basically identical experiment of a large amount of conditions of growth and developments and use worm source.
3. the invention provides preferred worm's ovum harvester, the structure of device is simple, and efficiency is high, changes the process in the past needing manually to screen worm's ovum from melon trypetid, saves man power and material greatly.
4. the invention provides preferred fly pupa harvester, structure is simple, be convenient for changing, and the melon trypetid pupa acquiring raised growth state consistency can be ensured, further provide fly pupa harvester that is a kind of and water tank combination, can from the collection of larva, pupate, until get pupa one step complete from water, to save time.
5. method of getting pupa from water of the present invention is first time application in the raising of melon trypetid, because pupa has certain sealing, can survive in water the short time, therefore obtain worm's ovum more science by the floating of pupa, more fast.
6. say from method of the present invention, whole feeding environment meets the natural habitats of melon trypetid, effectively provides the survival rate of melon trypetid, and obtains the good melon trypetid for experiment, for the research of melon trypetid accelerates paces.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the stereogram of the worm's ovum harvester of melon trypetid.
Fig. 2 is the vertical view of the worm's ovum harvester of melon trypetid.
Fig. 3 is the stereogram of the fly pupa harvester of melon trypetid.
Fig. 4 is the stereogram of the fly pupa harvester of melon trypetid with water tank.
Fig. 5 is the stereogram of the fly pupa harvester of the melon trypetid of band wire netting.
Wherein, 1 is cage body, and 2 is ware, and 3 is ware mouth, and 4 is film, and 5 is aperture, and 7 is fly pupa harvester lid, and 8 is fly pupa harvester body, and 9 is snap close, and 10 is suspension hook, and 11 is fixed mount, and 12 is cage base plate, and 13 is retainer plate, and 14 is water tank, and 15 is wire netting.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing specific embodiment, the invention will be further described, but embodiments of the present invention is not limited in any way.
Embodiment 1 worm's ovum harvester
The present embodiment provides the worm's ovum harvester of a kind of melon trypetid, and described worm's ovum harvester comprises the cage body 1 being provided with air-vent, arranges ware 2, be placed with attractant for melon-trypetid in ware in cage body, and ware mouth 3 wraps up with film 4 and covering, and described film 4 is provided with aperture 5.
Described porose film 4 can adopt preservative film, and the aperture of its aperture be provided with can adopt fine needle bundle just passable, and considered critical is not also done in aperture, and about about 1mm is just passable.
Preferably, described attractant for melon-trypetid is ripe melon and fruit, ripe melon and fruit fruit juice or artificial feed.
In the cage body 1 of worm's ovum harvester, put into melon trypetid, in ware 2, put into attractant, ware mouth 3 wraps up with preservative film 4 and covering, and preservative film 4 is pricked aperture 5.In natural environment, ripe melon trypetid directly can lay eggs on melon, the effort of luring of fruity and fragrance that the melon trypetid in worm's ovum harvester can be subject to attractant is lain prone on preservative film 4 close to attractant, owing to there being the existence of aperture 5, melon trypetid is because habit makes so, to be laid eggs by aperture 5, due to the viscosity of ovum, ovum is pasted on preservative film 5 naturally, is regularly peeled off from ware mouth 3 by film, thus collection obtains melon trypetid ovum.
Embodiment 2 fly pupa harvester
The present embodiment provides a kind of fly pupa harvester, comprise fly pupa harvester body 8 and fly pupa harvester lid 7, bottom fly pupa harvester body 8, adopt the cage base plate 12 that the structure of snap close 9 is fixing, fly pupa harvester lid 7 hangs with a suspension hook 10, and suspension hook 10 is 10cm from the distance of base plate.
During use, in fly pupa harvester body 8, load the thick sand of 5cm, host volatiles is hung on suspension hook 10, when keeping the humidity of sand, pinching not drip with hand and being advisable.After larval maturation, will jump out from fruit, pierce in sand and pupate, therefore every 3 ~ 5 days, open snap close 9, catch the sand of outflow, just can collect the melon trypetid pupa that growth standard is consistent.
Embodiment 3 fly pupa harvester
The present embodiment provides a kind of fly pupa harvester, comprise fly pupa harvester body 8 and fly pupa harvester lid 7, the cage base plate 12 that the structure of snap close 9 is fixing is adopted bottom fly pupa harvester body 8, in fly pupa harvester body 8, be hung with one deck wire netting 15, wire netting 15 is 10cm from the distance of base plate.
During use, in fly pupa harvester body 8, load the thick sand of 5cm, host volatiles is placed on wire netting, when keeping the humidity of sand, pinching not drip with hand and being advisable.After larval maturation, will jump out from fruit, be pierced in sand by the mesh of wire netting and pupate, therefore every 3 ~ 5 days, open snap close 9, catch the sand of outflow, just can collect the melon trypetid pupa that growth standard is consistent.
Embodiment 4 is with the fly pupa harvester of water tank 14
The present embodiment provides a kind of fly pupa harvester, comprise fly pupa harvester body 8, fly pupa harvester lid 7 and water tank 14, water tank 14 is fly pupa harvester body 8 times, adopting bottom fly pupa harvester body 8 can the cage base plate 12 of drawing structure, fly pupa harvester body 8 is fixed with fixed mount 11, fixed mount 11 is connected and fixed circle 13, and retainer plate 13, from cage base plate 12 about 6cm, retainer plate 13 is equipped with the string bag.
During use, in fly pupa harvester body 8, load the thick sand of 5cm, host volatiles is placed on the string bag of retainer plate 13, when keeping the humidity of sand, pinching not drip with hand and being advisable.After aging Deng larva, will jump out from fruit, pierce in sand and pupate, therefore every 3 ~ 5 days, open pull-out cage base plate 12, be mixed with the sand of worm pupa, naturally fall in water, because worm pupa is lighter than water, when slowly stirring sand, worm pupa will emerge, and pulls worm pupa out, just can collect the melon trypetid pupa that growth standard is consistent.
Embodiment 5 raising method
Rearing conditions: ventilation and penetrating light is wanted in insectary, avoids exotic to disturb; Shelf for placing dependent insect cage will be equipped with artificial light source, and there are temperature control, damping device in indoor, and indoor temperature should remain on 25 ~ 28 DEG C.
S1. the collection of worm's ovum: melon trypetid sexual maturity in general 8 ~ 10 days, then can mate and oviposit.Put into worm's ovum harvester, wait for that melon trypetid lays eggs, after laying eggs, preservative film is torn, be cut into small pieces, every block is with pieces of an egg.Plug aperture on host's melon and fruit of melon trypetid or artificial feed, the preservative film with pieces of an egg is put into aperture side, after egg hatching, larva pierces in fruit and takes food.The feed of larva with fresh fruit, as balsam pear, pumpkin etc., also can use artificial feed, as being made into the aqueous solution with corn flour, sucrose, yeast etc.Culture dish put into by the feed of larva, within 1 ~ 2 day, changes 1 time.
S2. fly pupa gathers: cancel the fine sand (100 DEG C high-temperature sterilization 3 hours) that poison is crossed, be contained in fly pupa harvester, and paving thickness is about the sand of 5cm, keeps sand humidity, pinches not drip be advisable with hand, above the melon and fruit gathered is placed on.After larva is aging, will jumps out from fruit, pierce in sand and pupate, collect 1 pupa every 3 ~ 5 days.
Get 1 basin clear water, the sand that melon trypetid pupates is put into basin in batches, stirs sand gently, pupa can waft and float on the surface, and pupa is collected, and puts into the culture dish of diameter 20cm.
S3. the emergence of pupa: first at culture dish middle berth one deck sand, thickness is 1cm, pupa is placed on sand, evenly scatters, and then covers the sand that one deck 1 ~ 2 cm is thick above, keeps sand moistening, culture dish is placed in dependent insect cage, allows pupa sprout wings.Indoor temperature should remain between 25 ~ 28 DEG C, and relative moisture should 60% ~ 80%.
S4. imago breeding: melon trypetid according to emergence time, is transferred in different dependent insect cages with dactylethrae after sprouting wings, is convenient to observe, test.Imago breeding condition is: temperature 25 ~ 28 DEG C, relative moisture 50% ~ 70%, the photoperiod :+12h is dark for 12h light.Water-feed and feed is put in dependent insect cage.The water-feed culture dish of diameter 8cm, puts into fritter cobblestone in culture dish, and the height added water does not exceed cobblestone, not only melon trypetid can be allowed to drink water but also can prevent from falling in water drowned.Available fresh melon and fruit, as feed, as the melon and fruit such as pumpkin, balsam pear is cut into slices, puts into culture dish, 3 ~ 5, each culture dish; Also can use artificial feed, filling a prescription is: the honey solution of 5% mixes by 1:1 with sucrose 5g, yeast 6g, corn flour 10g, water 100g.The culture dish that fritter cobblestone is housed put into by artificial feed.Water and feed change 1 time in 1 ~ 2 day, and clean culture dish and cobblestone.
The present invention combines conventional rearing conditions and comprises insectary and want ventilation and penetrating light, avoids exotic to disturb; Shelf for placing dependent insect cage will be equipped with artificial light source, and there are temperature control, damping device in indoor, and indoor temperature should remain on 25 ~ 28 DEG C.Introduce healthy anosis worm source, feeding environment and dependent insect cage, sand, culture dish, cobblestone, dactylethrae, oopod etc. will regularly replace, sterilize as far as possible.Keep feed to clean in feeding process, stop pesticide pollution.
Raised for 5 generations through the inventive method continuously to melon trypetid, the egg hatching rate of melon trypetid, pupation rate and eclosion rate reach 75%, 94%, 94.2% respectively, and feeding effect is stablized.
The present invention is after first time gathers melon trypetid adult, total system can be completed based on the melon trypetid collected, worm's ovum not by natural conditions restriction is collected, the collection of fly pupa, the emergence of pupa, the whole process of imago breeding, new melon trypetid adult based on imago breeding acquisition can start the circulation of new feeding process, ensure that the realization of goal of the invention of the present invention is no longer subject to the restriction of natural conditions, and science control can be carried out to the feeding process of melon trypetid, experiments a large amount of for a long time proves, raise the melon trypetid obtained situation of growing through the inventive method to stablize.Although raise melon trypetid continuously through indoor, the vitality of population there will be certain decline, can after indoor feeding 4 ~ 5 generation, carries out mating from the female male imago of field acquisition melon trypetid and indoor feeding, prevents population deterioration.
Claims (7)
1. a melon trypetid raising method, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
S1. worm's ovum is collected: gather melon trypetid larva, lure melon trypetid to lay eggs on apertured film after raising maturation with attractant, collect worm's ovum, worm's ovum is positioned over host's melon and fruit or artificial feed;
S2. fly pupa gathers: S1 be placed the device that host's melon and fruit of worm's ovum or artificial feed are placed in ventilation, one deck sand is covered with under host's melon and fruit or artificial feed, described host's melon and fruit or artificial feed are positioned over sand overhead, and periodic collection sand also more renews sand;
The sand of collection is inserted clear water, pulls the fly pupa of bubbling through the water column out;
S3. the emergence of pupa: be put in dependent insect cage by the fly pupa that S2 obtains, sprouts wings;
S4. imago breeding: the melon trypetid after the emergence obtained by S3 continues to raise needed for standby experiment in dependent insect cage;
Fly pupa collection described in S2 adopts fly pupa harvester, and described fly pupa harvester comprises cage body and cage lid, also comprises the fixture of fixing host's melon and fruit or artificial feed, and the bottom of described cage body is provided with can the cage base plate of opening type,
In described fly pupa harvester, fixing host's melon and fruit or artificial feed with fixture be the suspension hook connecting cage lid; Or described fixture comprises fixed mount and retainer plate, described fixed mount connects cage body, described retainer plate Connection Bracket,
Also water tank is connected with under the fly pupa harvester body of described fly pupa harvester.
2. melon trypetid raising method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, worm's ovum collection described in S1 adopts worm's ovum harvester, described worm's ovum harvester comprises the cage body being provided with air-vent, in cage body, ware is set, be placed with attractant for melon-trypetid in ware, ware mouth film wrapped covers, and described film is provided with aperture.
3. melon trypetid raising method according to claim 1, the sand thickness that it is characterized in that being covered with described in S2 one deck sand is 3 ~ 7cm.
4. melon trypetid raising method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the periodic collection described in S2 is collected once every 3 ~ 5 days.
5. melon trypetid raising method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described can the cage base plate of opening type be drawing structure.
6. melon trypetid raising method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the condition of the emergence described in S3 is be positioned in the middle of sand bed by fly pupa, and the humidity keeping sand is 60 ~ 80%, keeps temperature to be 25 ~ 28 DEG C.
7. melon trypetid raising method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in the breeding cage described in S4, comprise water-feed, be provided with cobblestone in described water-feed, the height that in water-feed, amount of water is no more than cobblestone according to the height of the water surface is determined.
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