CN102640867A - Artificial feed for feeding fruit fly and method for feeding fruit fly - Google Patents
Artificial feed for feeding fruit fly and method for feeding fruit fly Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to artificial feed for feeding fruit fly, which comprises, by weight, corn meal 25-35 parts, wheat bran 25-35 parts, beer yeast 5-10 parts, sugar 5-10 parts, food preservative 0.1-0.3 part, acidity conditioning agent 0.3-0.85 part and water 95-105 parts. The invention further relates to a method for feeding the fruit fly. The artificial feed for feeding the fruit fly and the method for feeding the fruit fly can be used for feeding various fruit flies in a mixing mode (or secretively breeding the fruit flies under the condition that the variety of the fruit flies is undefined) and improving the feeding efficiency. The factorized and scale feeding of the various fruit flies can be achieved by utilizing the artificial feed, and raw materials are easily obtained and are not limited by seasonality. The cost is low, the preparation is simple and convenient, biological indicators of spawn hatching rate, larva livability, pupa weight, pupation rate, emergence rate and spawn laying amount are high in level, and the yield and the quality of the fruit fly are improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agriculture field, specifically, the present invention relates to a kind of man-made feeds and the method for raising fruit fly that are used to raise fruit fly.
Background technology
Fruit fly is one type and is distributed widely in the torrid zone and semi-tropical insect.Most of kind is the serious pest of crops such as harm various fruit, flowers and vegetables; Because the breeding of trypetid insect is fast, wide to host's range of choice; And stronger natural diffusivity arranged; Become the important economic insect of restriction fruit tree, vegetables production, wherein tens kinds is the important quarantine object in the world.Fruit fly belongs to Bactrocera and has recorded 660 kinds, comprises in this genus that citrus fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis, melon trypetid Bactrocera cucurbitae, citrus fruit fly Bactrocera minax, guava trypetid Bactrocera orrecta, dacus oleae Bactrocera oleae, macadamia nut trypetid Bactrocera tryoni, capsicum trypetid Bactrocera latifrons, pumpkin fruit fly Bactrocera tau etc. nearly 20 kinds are the fruit of a plurality of countries and regions, the important pests on the vegetables.
Its adult fecund ovum is under fresh host's fruit surface, and diving and occupy in fruit in larva hatching back, bores moth and get food, causes most melons and fruits to rot or underdonely falls earlier, loses economic worth.In China, mainly be distributed in southwest, South China originally, occurrence degree is also low weight always.But since the mid-90 in 20th century, along with the agricultural structure adjustment is bigger, fruit, vegetable variety become increasingly abundant, and quality improves constantly.The good growing weather condition, all the year round constantly bear fruit the phase, be main fruit Pest Management pattern and to lack inhibition factor such as natural enemy be the big very advantageous conditions that provides of fruit fly with the chemical prevention.In recent years, China south China and southwest fruit fly rapid spread and wildness, generating capacity is in the past tens of times even hundreds of times, the distributed area takes place expanded to basin, the middle and lower reach of Yangtze River, and the trend that further spreads to more extensive area is arranged.
The biological control of carrying out with parasitic wasp and be the new technology of prevention and control fruit fly in the last few years with the physical control that steriliation by irradiation is carried out; But these two kinds methods of preventing and treating all are to be technical foundation with the mass-produced fruit fly population of manual work; Also the quality and the quality of manual work production fruit fly are had higher requirement simultaneously; Hundreds of millions of standardized worm sources of physiology need be provided, and the research and development of general fruit fly man-made feeds produce under such background.In addition, in being directed against the entry and exit quarantine and entomology research of fruit fly, general fruit fly man-made feeds can satisfy the requirement that mixes the various fruit flies of raising simultaneously, perhaps under the kind situation of not confirming fruit fly, breed fruit fly.
At present, mainly raise from natural host in the worm source of fruit fly, but host plants such as fruit, vegetables are difficult to raise on a large scale trypetid, and cost is high, and complex operation needs a large amount of labours, and freshness date is short and receive season limit.The man-made feeds source is convenient, cheap, is suitable for the factory farming trypetid.But be applicable to that at present the research of raising various trypetid universal feeds still relatively lacks.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the deficiency of prior art, the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of man-made feeds of general fruit fly, it can help batch production, standardization and the intensification that fruit fly is raised.
The present invention also aims to provide a kind of method of raising fruit fly.
In order to realize the object of the invention; The present invention provides a kind of man-made feeds that are used to raise fruit fly, and it comprises the following ingredients according to the weight portion meter: 95～105 parts in 25～35 parts of corn flour, 25～35 parts in wheat bran, 5～10 parts of brewer's yeasts, 5～10 parts of sugar, 0.1～0.3 part of food preservative, 0.3～0.85 part of acid regulator and water.
Man-made feeds generally all must contain protein, carbohydrate, lipid, vitamin and inorganic salts.In man-made feeds of the present invention, contents of saccharide is abundant in the corn flour, and is rich in protein, lipid and vitamin.Wheat bran is rich in dietary fiber and vitamin, and cellulosic material content wherein is 31%, satisfies the needs of insect to cellulose and B family vitamin.Wheat bran is as nutritional supplement; Mainly as filler, can play feed and support and bulk effect simultaneously, its chemical composition characteristic is to contain a lot of hydrophilic radicals; So good moisture holding capacity is arranged; Roughly be 1.5～25 times of own wt, can the long period keep the moisture in the feed, make feed possess good soft durometer and water-retaining property.Brewer's yeast contains 50% content above protein, lipid, multivitamin, mineral matter and dietary fiber, can satisfy the needs of insect to protein and vitamin, and beer yeast powder can make feed loose simultaneously, is convenient to respiratory of insect.Sugar is claimed carbohydrate, auxotype sweetener again, is the topmost food stimulus of getting.The effect of acid regulator is the pH value of regulating man-made feeds, and to satisfy the requirement of anticorrisive agent to acid-base value, performance suppresses the effect of bacterium and conk.Food preservative guarantees that feed is not perishable at feeding period, is easy to simultaneously store.
Preferably, said sugar is white granulated sugar or sucrose.
Preferably, said food preservative is Sodium Benzoate, methyl p-hydroxybenzoate or sorbic acid.
Brewer's yeast as herein described can be purchased acquisition, for example available from Angel Yeast Co.,Ltd.
Preferably, said acid regulator is concentrated hydrochloric acid or citric acid.In this article, concentrated hydrochloric acid is meant that commercially available concentration is the hydrochloric acid of 36～38% (mass fractions).
More preferably; The present invention provides a kind of man-made feeds that are used to raise fruit fly, and said man-made feeds comprise the following ingredients according to the weight portion meter: 100 parts in 30 parts of corn flour, 30 parts in wheat bran, 8.5 parts of brewer's yeasts, 7.5 parts of white granulated sugars, 0.3 part of Sodium Benzoate, 0.35 part of concentrated hydrochloric acid and water.
In addition, the present invention provides a kind of method of raising fruit fly, and this method comprises the following steps:
1) use man-made feeds to raise the fruit fly larva, said man-made feeds comprise the following ingredients according to the weight portion meter: 95～105 parts in 25～35 parts of corn flour, 25～35 parts in wheat bran, 5～10 parts of brewer's yeasts, 5～10 parts of sugar, 0.1～0.3 part of food preservative, 0.3～0.85 part of acid regulator and water; And
2) use said adult forage to raise the fruit fly adult, said adult forage comprises the following ingredients according to the weight portion meter: 3 parts of 1 part of brewer's yeast and sugar.
As used herein; Relate to the method for raising fruit fly and the term " weight portion " that uses is meant that the weight portion number average of the various components of man-made feeds and adult forage is for overall weight, and the concrete weight number of the various components of man-made feeds and adult forage can increase correspondingly or reduce in same trend ground.
Preferably, said sugar is white granulated sugar or sucrose.
Preferably, said food preservative is Sodium Benzoate, methyl p-hydroxybenzoate or sorbic acid.
Preferably, said acid regulator is concentrated hydrochloric acid or citric acid.
More preferably; In the method for raising fruit fly of the present invention, said man-made feeds comprise the following ingredients according to the weight portion meter: 100 parts in 30 parts of corn flour, 30 parts in wheat bran, 8.5 parts of brewer's yeasts, 7.5 parts of white granulated sugars, 0.3 part of Sodium Benzoate, 0.35 part of concentrated hydrochloric acid and water.
Man-made feeds of the present invention can be used for mixing raises various fruit flies, utilizes these man-made feeds can realize batch production and the various fruit flies of large-scale breeding, and raw material obtain easily, do not receive seasonal restriction; With low cost, and simple and convenient preparation, the biological indicator of egg hatching rate, survival rate of larvae, pupa weight, percentage of pupation, eclosion rate and egg laying amount all has higher level.
In addition, man-made feeds of the present invention help batch production, standardization and the intensification that fruit fly is raised.(1) source of Main Ingredients and Appearances such as corn flour, wheat bran and brewer's yeast is convenient, and is cheap, economical and practical; (2) the using artificial feed can avoid raising the influence that trypetid receives season, can raise all the year round; (3) manufacturing process is easy, need not equipment such as hot digestion; (4) feed easy storing, not perishable and pollution in raising and storage process; (5) be applicable to integrated mass rearing fruit fly larva, because the water content of natural feed and bulkiness can not control, larva is wherein still needed the people for choosing, and mature larva is jumped into from feed automatically and pupated in the sandy soil in the man-made feeds; (6) can reduce or avoid courses of infection and field to use the interference of the factors such as agricultural chemicals,, and in process for preparation, add antibiotic, preservative substance because raw material does not contain the pathogenic bacteria of trypetid; (7) be prone to obtain the standardized test of physiological standard and use worm, because the trophic component of man-made feeds is consistently, thus the difference on the natural feed nutrition when having avoided using the natural feed raising; (8) can control feed the composition research insect get food and growth etc.These a series of advantages make man-made feeds raise trypetid and are easier to batch production, standardization and intensification, also more help the formulation and the enforcement of various operation standards.
The specific embodiment
Following examples are used to explain the present invention, but are not used for limiting scope of the present invention.
The preparation of the artificial feed of embodiment 1 the present invention
Take by weighing corn flour 3000 grams, wheat bran 3000 grams, brewer's yeast 850 grams, white granulated sugar 750 grams and Sodium Benzoate 30 grams; Mix, add entry 10000 gram and mix, add concentration then and be 37% concentrated hydrochloric acid 35 grams; After stirring, put into 4 ℃ refrigerator and preserve subsequent use.
Embodiment 2
According to preparing man-made feeds with embodiment 1 identical mode, difference is to use toilet paper to replace wheat bran.
Embodiment 3
According to preparing man-made feeds with embodiment 1 identical mode, difference is that the corn flour consumption is 2500 grams.
Embodiment 4
According to preparing man-made feeds with embodiment 1 identical mode, difference is that the corn flour consumption is 3500 grams.
Embodiment 5
According to preparing man-made feeds with embodiment 1 identical mode, difference is that the wheat bran consumption is 2500 grams.
Embodiment 6
According to preparing man-made feeds with embodiment 1 identical mode, difference is that the wheat bran consumption is 3500 grams.
Test Example 1
The preparation of adult forage: take by weighing brewer's yeast 100 grams and sucrose 300 grams, mix, put into 4 ℃ refrigerator and preserve subsequent use.
As test worm source, use the man-made feeds of embodiment 1 to 6 that the citrus fruit fly larva is raised with citrus fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis and melon trypetid Bactrocera cucurbitae (deriving from Research Institute of Environment and Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Tropi) respectively; Treat to use adult forage to raise behind the adult.Test is carried out under temperature T=25 ± 2 ℃, relative humidity RH=75% ± 10% condition.The method of index test is following:
Percentage of pupation: choose the larva in the survival rate test of above larva, collect also record mature larva number, put it into water content and be 5%～10% wet sand (pinch anhydrous oozing with hand, hand decontrol back sand can scatter naturally be advisable) in, note final pupa number.Utilize formula to calculate percentage of pupation: percentage of pupation=(pupa number/confession examination larva number) * 100%.
Pupa is heavy: the trypetid pupa of collecting in the above percentage of pupation test (pupated back 5 days, each repeats to survey 50 pupas) is weighed, and asks its average.
The percentage of pupation (%) of the citrus fruit fly of the man-made feeds gained of use embodiment 1 to 6 is respectively: 91.05,73.65,82.58,86.13,80.35 and 84.62; Melon trypetid percentage of pupation (%) is respectively: 96.12,72.15,83.33,84.56,82.45 and 84.94; This shows; When using toilet paper to replace wheat bran, percentage of pupation reduces greatly.Simultaneously, find amazedly that the consumption of corn flour and wheat bran increases, percentage of pupation is not corresponding increasing.
Use the pupa heavy (mg) of the man-made feeds gained citrus fruit fly of embodiment 1 to 6 to be respectively: 13.4,9.8,11.5,12.1,11.9 and 12.0, the pupa of melon trypetid heavy (mg) is respectively: 16.5,10.1,12.4,13.5,14.7 and 13.4.This shows, when using toilet paper to replace wheat bran, the great big reduction of pupa.Simultaneously, find amazedly that the consumption of corn flour and wheat bran increases, pupa is heavy not to be corresponding increasing.
Test Example 2
The preparation of adult forage: take by weighing brewer's yeast 100 grams and white granulated sugar 300 grams, mix, put into 4 ℃ refrigerator and preserve subsequent use.
, respectively the man-made feeds and the natural feed that use embodiment 1 are raised the fruit fly larva as test worm source with melon trypetid Bactrocera cucurbitae, pumpkin fruit fly Bactrocera tau and citrus fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis (all deriving from Research Institute of Environment and Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Tropi); Treat to use adult forage to raise behind the adult; And each worm attitude of fruit fly is observed; Note the similarities and differences of each worm attitude biological habit under artificial and the natural feeding; And draw some biological indicators shown in the table 1, and wherein selecting pumpkin is melon trypetid and pumpkin fruit fly natural feed, banana is the citrus fruit fly natural feed.Test is carried out under temperature T=25 ± 2 ℃, relative humidity RH=75% ± 10% condition.
More than the method for each index test following:
(1) mensuration of egg laying amount and egg hatching rate:
Behind the adult eclosion in 2 days, randomly draw male and female adult pairing
and put into the imago breeding cage and raise.After adult got into the egg-laying season, use was adopted egg apparatus and adopted ovum, puts into when adopting ovum that morning 9 and adopts egg apparatus, and at 5 o'clock in afternoon, egg apparatus was adopted in taking-up, whenever adopted ovum once at a distance from 10 days, and is dead until all female worms.Death toll and the egg laying amount of the female worm of each record.Egg laying amount=total egg laying amount/female the borer population of laying eggs.
The mensuration of egg hatching rate: in cage, put into and adopt egg apparatus, take out after 4 hours, water washes gently, collects fresh ovum and uses as test.The feed surface by smooth, is squirted with distilled water, ovum is layered on the feed equably.Every kind of feed established 3 repetitions, and each repeats respectively to connect 200 on ovum, the hatching number of observed and recorded ovum after 3 days.Utilize formula to calculate its incubation rate: incubation rate=(newly hatched larvae number/confession examination ovum sum) * 100%.
(2) survival rate of larva: the larva of new hatching, insert gently on the larva artificial feed that has prepared with the fine, soft fur pen, every kind of feed divides 3 repetitions, whenever repeats to insert 200 larvas.Note on every kind of feed and grow to aging larva number.Utilize formula to calculate survival rate of larvae: survival rate of larvae=(mature larva number/confession examination larva sum) * 100%.
(3) larva is gone through the phase: in the test of the survival rate of above larva, observe the time that every larvae development experiences to pupating, obtain its mean value and be larvae development and go through the phase.
(4) percentage of pupation: choose the larva in the survival rate test of above larva, collect also record mature larva number, put it into water content and be 5%～10% wet sand (pinch anhydrous oozing with hand, hand decontrol back sand can scatter naturally be advisable) in, note final pupa number.Utilize formula to calculate percentage of pupation: percentage of pupation=(pupa number/confession examination larva number) * 100%.
(5) pupa is heavy: the trypetid pupa of collecting in the above percentage of pupation test (pupated back 5 days, each repeats to survey 50 pupas) is weighed, and asks its average.
(6) pupa go through the phase: in percentage of pupation test, the record pupa go through the phase.
(7) adult eclosion rate: choose the pupa in the above percentage of pupation test, the one-tenth borer population that record is sprouted wings, female and male ratio.Utilize formula to calculate eclosion rate=(sprouting wings into borer population/pupa number) * 100%.
From table 1, can find out: use man-made feeds of the present invention to raise; The incubation rate of melon trypetid ovum is 80.23%, and larva is gone through 5.91 days phases, and the survival rate from newly hatched larvae to 3 age Mos is 88.1%; Percentage of pupation 96.12%; The heavy 16.5mg of pupa, 9.3 days phases of going through of pupa, adult eclosion rate 90.16%; 311.6 of single female egg laying amounts, incubation rate, the larva of the melon trypetid ovum that pumpkin is raised gone through the phase, the survival rate of larva, percentage of pupation, the pupa phase of going through, adult eclosion rate and single female egg laying amount heavy, pupa are respectively 81.67%, 6.3 day, 89.23%, 95.43%, 16.1mg, 10.1 days, 91.16% and 322.9.The feeding effect that man-made feeds of the present invention are raised and the natural host pumpkin is raised is (there was no significant difference) quite.In addition; It is suitable with the natural feed result that the man-made feeds of pumpkin fruit fly and citrus fruit fly are respectively raised index; Therefore this feed artificial feeding lot of fruits fly capable of using can be researchs such as its biology, physiology, toxicology and biological control the sufficient consistent worm source of physical signs is provided.
Claims (10)
1. man-made feeds that are used to raise fruit fly; It is characterized in that it comprises the following ingredients according to the weight portion meter: 95～105 parts in 25～35 parts of corn flour, 25～35 parts in wheat bran, 5～10 parts of brewer's yeasts, 5～10 parts of sugar, 0.1～0.3 part of food preservative, 0.3～0.85 part of acid regulator and water.
2. the man-made feeds that are used to raise fruit fly according to claim 1 is characterized in that, said sugar is white granulated sugar or sucrose.
3. the man-made feeds that are used to raise fruit fly according to claim 1 is characterized in that, said food preservative is Sodium Benzoate, methyl p-hydroxybenzoate or sorbic acid.
4. the man-made feeds that are used to raise fruit fly according to claim 1 is characterized in that, said acid regulator is concentrated hydrochloric acid or citric acid.
5. according to the described man-made feeds that are used to raise fruit fly of claim 1 to 4; It is characterized in that said man-made feeds comprise the following ingredients according to the weight portion meter: 100 parts in 30 parts of corn flour, 30 parts in wheat bran, 8.5 parts of brewer's yeasts, 7.5 parts of white granulated sugars, 0.3 part of Sodium Benzoate, 0.35 part of concentrated hydrochloric acid and water.
6. method of raising fruit fly, this method comprises the following steps:
1) use man-made feeds to raise the fruit fly larva, said man-made feeds comprise the following ingredients according to the weight portion meter: 95～105 parts in 25～35 parts of corn flour, 25～35 parts in wheat bran, 5～10 parts of brewer's yeasts, 5～10 parts of sugar, 0.1～0.3 part of food preservative, 0.3～0.85 part of acid regulator and water.
2) use said adult forage to raise the fruit fly adult, said adult forage comprises the following ingredients according to the weight portion meter: 3 parts of 1 part of brewer's yeast and sugar.
7. the method for raising fruit fly according to claim 6 is characterized in that, said sugar is white granulated sugar or sucrose.
8. the method for raising fruit fly according to claim 6 is characterized in that, said food preservative is Sodium Benzoate, methyl p-hydroxybenzoate or sorbic acid.
9. the method for raising fruit fly according to claim 6 is characterized in that, said acid regulator is concentrated hydrochloric acid or citric acid.
10. according to the method for the described raising fruit fly of claim 6 to 9, it is characterized in that,
Said man-made feeds comprise the following ingredients according to the weight portion meter: 100 parts in 30 parts of corn flour, 30 parts in wheat bran, 8.5 parts of brewer's yeasts, 7.5 parts of white granulated sugars, 0.3 part of Sodium Benzoate, 0.35 part of concentrated hydrochloric acid and water.
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| CN102987165A (en) * | 2012-12-27 | 2013-03-27 | 福建农林大学 | South Asia trypetid larva artificial feed |
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| CN103300257A (en) * | 2013-07-09 | 2013-09-18 | 海南出入境检验检疫局热带植物隔离检疫中心 | Artificial feed for bactrocera dorsalis larvas |
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| CN104095151A (en) * | 2013-04-02 | 2014-10-15 | 湖南师范大学 | Semi-artificial feed for Bactrocera minax larvae and preparation method thereof |
| CN105166585A (en) * | 2015-10-28 | 2015-12-23 | 浙江省柑桔研究所 | Artificial feed for bactrocera tau adults and preparation method thereof |
| CN106173568A (en) * | 2016-07-22 | 2016-12-07 | 红河学院 | A kind of Fructus Capsici trypetid larva artificial feed and preparation method thereof |
| CN106306610A (en) * | 2016-08-23 | 2017-01-11 | 张驰 | Feed for larvae of apple flies and preparation method thereof |
| CN106689825A (en) * | 2016-12-05 | 2017-05-24 | 长沙秋点兵信息科技有限公司 | Mediterranean fruit-fly larva feed capable of ensuring high hatching rate |
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| CN110463864A (en) * | 2019-09-18 | 2019-11-19 | 中国检验检疫科学研究院 | A kind of man-made feeds and method for breeding that spotted wing drosophila is raised on a large scale |
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| CN102987165A (en) * | 2012-12-27 | 2013-03-27 | 福建农林大学 | South Asia trypetid larva artificial feed |
| CN103222448A (en) * | 2013-02-05 | 2013-07-31 | 东莞市盛唐化工有限公司 | Breeding method of bactrocera cucurbitae |
| CN103222448B (en) * | 2013-02-05 | 2015-01-28 | 东莞市盛唐化工有限公司 | Breeding method of bactrocera cucurbitae |
| CN104095151A (en) * | 2013-04-02 | 2014-10-15 | 湖南师范大学 | Semi-artificial feed for Bactrocera minax larvae and preparation method thereof |
| CN103300257A (en) * | 2013-07-09 | 2013-09-18 | 海南出入境检验检疫局热带植物隔离检疫中心 | Artificial feed for bactrocera dorsalis larvas |
| CN103315183A (en) * | 2013-07-10 | 2013-09-25 | 海南出入境检验检疫局热带植物隔离检疫中心 | Artificial feed for melon fly larvae |
| CN103918887A (en) * | 2014-04-22 | 2014-07-16 | 山东省农业科学院植物保护研究所 | Artificial feed for suzukii fruit bat fly |
| CN103918887B (en) * | 2014-04-22 | 2015-12-02 | 山东省农业科学院植物保护研究所 | A kind of Ling Mushi fruit bat Prof. Du Yucang feed |
| CN105166585A (en) * | 2015-10-28 | 2015-12-23 | 浙江省柑桔研究所 | Artificial feed for bactrocera tau adults and preparation method thereof |
| CN106173568A (en) * | 2016-07-22 | 2016-12-07 | 红河学院 | A kind of Fructus Capsici trypetid larva artificial feed and preparation method thereof |
| CN106306610A (en) * | 2016-08-23 | 2017-01-11 | 张驰 | Feed for larvae of apple flies and preparation method thereof |
| CN106689825A (en) * | 2016-12-05 | 2017-05-24 | 长沙秋点兵信息科技有限公司 | Mediterranean fruit-fly larva feed capable of ensuring high hatching rate |
| CN107361255A (en) * | 2017-09-22 | 2017-11-21 | 广州威佰昆生物科技有限公司 | Artificial feed for bactrocera dorsalis and preparation method thereof |
| CN110115250A (en) * | 2019-05-10 | 2019-08-13 | 湖南农业大学 | A kind of rearing method and larva artificial feed of the full worm state of citrus fruit fly |
| CN110463864A (en) * | 2019-09-18 | 2019-11-19 | 中国检验检疫科学研究院 | A kind of man-made feeds and method for breeding that spotted wing drosophila is raised on a large scale |
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Application publication date: 20120822 |