CN103122143A - 尼龙聚合物复合材料 - Google Patents

尼龙聚合物复合材料 Download PDF

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CN103122143A
CN103122143A CN2012104476376A CN201210447637A CN103122143A CN 103122143 A CN103122143 A CN 103122143A CN 2012104476376 A CN2012104476376 A CN 2012104476376A CN 201210447637 A CN201210447637 A CN 201210447637A CN 103122143 A CN103122143 A CN 103122143A
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nylon
resin composite
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fortifying fibre
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朴正薰
李暎准
金兑昱
尹凡奭
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Cheil Industries Inc
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种尼龙类树脂复合材料,所述尼龙类树脂复合材料具有足够低的吸湿率以充分防止变形发生,并能实现低翘曲和改善的抗冲击性。所述尼龙类树脂复合材料包括100重量份的基体树脂和1~30重量份的抗冲改性剂,其中所述基体树脂包括20~80wt%的主链含有苯环的改性尼龙类热塑性树脂以及20~80wt%的具有1.5或更大的横截面宽高比的平滑的增强纤维。

Description

尼龙聚合物复合材料
本申请是申请日为2006年12月21日,申请号为200680056672.8,发明名称为尼龙聚合物复合材料的发明专利申请的分案申请。 
技术领域
本发明涉及一种尼龙类树脂复合材料,更具体地,涉及一种具有低翘曲、改善的抗冲击性、以及高机械强度的尼龙类树脂复合材料。 
背景技术
作为工程塑料尼龙的开发已有近四十年的历史,但对尼龙的需求仍在增长。 
尼龙的基本类型有许多,包括尼龙6、尼龙66、尼龙610、尼龙612、尼龙11、尼龙12、以及它们的共聚物和共混物。就其实用性而言,尼龙具有各自的固有特性并能够呈现出各种性能特性。基于这些特性,当前保持了对尼龙产品的大量需求。 
特别是尼龙树脂和无机增强材料(例如玻璃纤维)的复合材料呈现出高机械强度和显著改善的耐热性,从而将它们用作结构材料和汽车的内部材料/外部材料。 
但就其分子结构而言,尼龙树脂具有高吸湿率,因此它们呈现出尺寸不稳定性及高翘曲。另外,将无机材料添加到尼龙树脂中导致所得复合材料的抗冲击性低。 
众所周知的是,尼龙树脂和无机材料的复合材料的抗冲击性低,这是因为当多重冲击施加于该复合材料时,由于尼龙树脂和无机材料之间的界面结合力低而使应力累积在尼龙分子和无机材料间的界面,由此在界面处出现裂纹。 
另外,尼龙树脂主链中存在的弱C-C键由于尼龙树脂的固有结构特性而易于断裂,因而尼龙树脂存在难以实现低翘曲的问题。 
通过将无机增强材料添加到尼龙树脂中可在一定程度上解决此问题,但通过无机增强材料提供的所得复合材料在翘曲上的改善微不足道。 
尽管上述复合材料的翘曲通过添加无机增强材料轻微降低,但无机增强材料和尼龙分子之间的低界面结合力导致了复合材料的机械性能差(例如抗冲击性低)。 
发明内容
已进行本发明以解决现有技术中的上述问题,且本发明的目的是提供一种尼龙类树脂复合材料,所述尼龙类树脂复合材料具有足够低的吸湿率以充分防止变形发生,并能够实现低翘曲和改善的抗冲击性。 
本发明要实现的目的不限于本发明的上述目的。从以下说明中,本领域技术人员将清楚地理解未提及的其它目的。 
根据用于实现上述目的本发明的实施方式,提供一种尼龙类树脂复合材料,包括100重量份的基体树脂和1~30重量份的抗冲改性剂,其中所述基体树脂包括20~80wt%的主链含有苯环的改性尼龙类热塑性树脂和20~80wt%的横截面宽高比为1.5或更大的增强纤维。 
本发明的尼龙类树脂复合材料具有足够低的吸湿率以充分防止变形发生,并能够实现低翘曲和改善的抗冲击性。 
具体实施方式
本发明提供一种尼龙类树脂复合材料,包括100重量份的基体树脂和1~30重量份的抗冲改性剂,其中所述基体树脂包括20~80wt%的主链含有苯环的改性尼龙类热塑性树脂和20~80wt%的具有1.5或更大的横截面宽高比的增强纤维。 
以下说明包括了其它实施方式的具体细节。从以下详细说明的实施方式中,本发明的优点和特征以及实现它们的方法将变得更为显而易见。但本发明不限于说明的实施方式,并可以以各种不同方式实施。更确切地,提供公开的实施方式使得本发明的公开充分且完整,并将完整地将本发明的范围传达给本发明所属领域的技术人员。本发明的范围由所附权利要求限定。 
根据本发明实施方式的尼龙类树脂复合材料包括基体树脂和抗冲改性剂。 
基体树脂包括改性的尼龙类热塑性树脂和增强纤维。 
改性的尼龙类树脂在主链上包含苯环,由通式1表示: 
Figure BDA00002379147500031
其中,n为50~500。 
由通式1表示的改性尼龙通过己二胺与对苯二甲酸缩聚制得,且简称为“尼龙6T”。 
优选地,改性尼龙类热塑性树脂具有0.7~0.9dl/g的特性粘度、10,000~100,000的平均分子量和0.1%或更低的吸湿率。 
增强纤维用于提高尼龙类树脂复合材料的低翘曲和耐热性。增强纤维选自玻璃纤维、碳纤维、芳酰胺纤维、钛酸钾纤维、碳化硅纤维、及其混合物中。作为增强纤维,优选使用玻璃纤维。 
特别设计增强纤维为片的形式,其横截面宽高比为1.5或更大,且长度范围为2mm~13mm。 
横截面宽高比定义为增强纤维横截面的最长直径(宽度,“a”)与最短直径(高度,“b”)之比,如图1所示。 
*横截面宽高比=a/b
增强纤维已用于提高热塑性树脂的强度。例如,已使用了具有3mm~6mm的长度、约1的横截面宽高比(即圆形横截面)以及10μm~20μm的横截面直径的玻璃纤维。相反,本发明中所用的增强纤维具有1.5或更大的横截面宽高比,优选2~8的横截面宽高比。 
为了提高了增强纤维表面和改性尼龙类热塑性树脂表面间的结合力,优选将表面偶联剂涂布在增强纤维的表面上。表面偶联剂选自聚氨酯树脂、环氧树脂、及它们的混合物中。 
本发明所用的增强纤维优选具有0.05%或更低的吸湿率。 
基体树脂被定义为包括改性尼龙类热塑性树脂和增强纤维。考虑到最终尼龙类树脂复合材料的机械强度和生产工艺,优选基体树脂由20~80wt%的改性尼龙类热塑性树脂和20~80wt%的增强纤维组成。 
可将反应性烯烃共聚物或核-壳共聚物用作抗冲改性剂。 
反应性烯烃共聚物可为乙烯/丙烯橡胶、异戊二烯橡胶、乙烯/辛烯橡胶、乙烯-丙烯-二烯三元共聚物(EPDM)等。反应性烯烃共聚物可为接枝共聚物,在接枝共聚物中,0.1~5wt%的选自马来酸酐、甲基丙烯酸甘油醚酯和噁唑啉中的一种或多种反应性官能团接枝到烯烃共聚物上。 
本发明所属领域的技术人员能够容易地将反应性官能团接枝到烯烃共聚物上。 
核-壳共聚物通过将选自二烯橡胶、丙烯酸酯橡胶和硅树脂橡胶的单体中的至少一种单体聚合以制得橡胶聚合物,并用选自以下组中的至少一种单体作为可接枝的不饱和化合物接枝该橡胶聚合物来制备,所述组由苯乙烯、α-甲基苯乙烯、卤代苯乙烯、烷基化苯乙烯、丙烯腈、甲基丙烯腈、甲基丙烯酸C1~C8烷基酯、丙烯酸C1~C8烷基酯、马来酸酐、N-(C1~C4)烷基取代的马来酰亚胺和N-苯基取代的马来酰亚胺组成。核-壳共聚物中的橡胶含量优选为30~90重量份。 
二烯橡胶的实例包括丁二烯橡胶、丙烯酸橡胶、乙烯/丙烯橡胶、苯乙烯/丁二烯橡胶、丙烯腈/丁二烯橡胶、异戊二烯橡胶和乙烯-丙烯-二烯三元共聚物(EPDM)。 
丙烯酸酯橡胶的丙烯酸酯单体的适宜实例包括丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸正丙酯、丙烯酸正丁酯、丙烯酸-2-乙基己酯、甲基丙烯酸己酯和甲基丙烯酸-2-乙基己酯。固化剂可用于丙烯酸酯单体的聚合。这种固化剂实例包括二甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯、二甲基丙烯酸丙二醇酯、二甲基丙烯酸-1,3-丁二醇酯、二甲基丙烯酸-1,4-丁二醇酯、甲基丙烯酸烯丙酯和氰尿酸三烯丙酯。 
硅树脂橡胶可由环硅氧烷合成。作为环硅氧烷,其示例可为六甲基环三硅氧烷、八甲基环四硅氧烷、十甲基环五硅氧烷、十二甲基环六硅氧烷、三甲基三苯基环三硅氧烷、四甲基四苯基环四硅氧烷和八苯基环四硅氧烷。 
可将至少一种固化剂用于硅树脂橡胶的制备。这种固化剂的实例包括三甲氧基甲基硅烷、三乙氧基苯基硅烷、四甲氧基硅烷和四乙氧基硅烷。 
甲基丙烯酸C1~C8烷基酯和丙烯酸C1~C8烷基酯分别为甲基丙烯酸和丙烯酸的酯,且由1~8个碳原子的单羟基醇制得。 
这些酯的具体实例包括甲基丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸乙酯和甲基丙烯酸丙酯。在它们之中,最优选甲基丙烯酸甲酯。 
本发明所属领域的技术人员能够容易地制备核-壳共聚物。 
考虑到最终尼龙类树脂复合材料的抗冲击性、流动性和其它机械性能,基于100重量份的基体树脂,抗冲改性剂的优选用量为1~30重量份,更优选2~10重量份。 
本发明的尼龙类树脂复合材料可进一步包括选自抗氧化剂、热稳定剂、光稳定剂、助流剂(flow enhancer)、润滑剂、抗菌剂、脱模剂、成核剂和其它不降低尼龙类树脂复合材料的基本物理性能的添加剂中的至少一种添加剂。基于100重量份的基体树脂,这些添加剂的加入量可为30重量份或更低。 
本发明的树脂组合物可通过任何已知的工艺制备。例如,本发明的树脂组合物可通过将基本组分与可选择的至少一种添加剂混合,在挤出机中熔融挤出该混合物,并将熔融的混合物造粒而制得。 
本发明的树脂组合物可模制成各种产品。本发明的树脂组合物适用于制造汽车的内部/外部材料、电子器件的高耐热材料以及包括计算机、家用电器和手机等电气电子产品的外部材料。 
下文将参照以下具体实施例和对比例来说明根据本发明实施方式的尼龙类树脂复合材料。提供这些实施例是用于说明本发明的尼龙类树脂复合材料呈现出高挠曲强度、高挠曲模量、高抗冲强度和低翘曲。本领域技术人员很容易知道并理解未包括在此的公开内容,因而省略其说明。 
1.实施例和对比例 
以下实施例和对比例中所用的(A)改性尼龙类树脂、(B)增强纤维和(C)抗冲改性剂的具体说明如下: 
(A)改性尼龙类树脂:使用主链含有苯环的高耐热改性尼龙(聚邻苯二甲酰胺:HTN-501,杜邦)。 
(B)具有1.5或更大的横截面宽高比的增强纤维:使用横截面宽高比为4(宽:28μm,高:7μm)的玻璃纤维(CSG 3PA-820,日本Nitto Boseki)。 
(B′)横截面宽高比约为1的玻璃纤维:使用横截面宽高比约为1(长:3mm,直径:10μm)的圆形玻璃纤维(P952,Vetrotex)。 
(C)抗冲改性剂:使用烯烃抗冲改性剂(Fusabond MN-493D,杜邦)。 
制备包括表1中所示组合物的尼龙类树脂复合材料。 
2.尼龙类树脂复合材料的物理性能的测试 
(1)挠曲强度 
尼龙类树脂复合材料的挠曲强度根据ASTM D-790测定,且所得值表示为kgf/cm2。 
(2)挠曲模量 
尼龙类树脂复合材料的挠曲模量根据ASTM D-790测定,且所得值表示为kgf/cm2。 
(3)Izod抗冲强度 
制作各自的尼龙类树脂复合材料的切口样品和无切口样品。这些样品具有1/8"的厚度。这些样品的抗冲强度根据ASTM D-256用Izod测试在室温(25℃)下测定,且所得值表示为kgf·cm/cm。 
(4)翘曲 
用注塑法制作各自的尼龙类树脂复合材料的薄膜样品(宽:6",高:6",厚度1/16")。在将各样品的三条边粘到地面之后,测定样品剩余边离地面的距离,且所得值表示为mm。 
表1 
Figure BDA00002379147500061
注: 
1:具有1.5或更大的横截面宽高比的增强纤维 
2:横截面宽高比约为1的增强纤维 
表1示出了实施例1~4和对比例1和2的尼龙类树脂复合材料的挠曲强度、挠曲模量、Izod抗冲强度和翘曲的检测结果。 
表1的结果表明,实施例1~4的尼龙类树脂复合材料随着玻璃纤维含量增加,表现出高机械强度、改善的抗冲击性和低翘曲。 
将实施例1和3的尼龙类树脂复合材料的物理性能分别与具有相同含量的玻璃 纤维的对比例1和2的尼龙类树脂复合材料的物理性能相比较。结果表明,实施例1和3的尼龙类树脂复合材料分别与对比例1和2的尼龙类树脂复合材料相比,表现出更高的机械强度和抗冲击性。特别是当实施例1和3的尼龙类树脂复合材料分别与对比例1和2的尼龙类树脂复合材料相比时,表现出低翘曲和显著增大的无切口抗冲强度。 
尽管在此已参照前述实施方式对本发明进行了说明,但本发明不限于上述实施方式,并且可以以各种不同方式实施。本领域技术人员应理解的是,除了具体说明的方式以外,也可实施本发明而没有改变本发明的技术原则或基本特征。因此,应理解的是,前述实施方式在各方面仅用于说明目的,而不应该理解为对本发明的限制。 
附图说明
图1为增强纤维的截面图。  

Claims (6)

1.一种尼龙类树脂复合材料,包括:
100重量份的基体树脂和1~30重量份的抗冲改性剂,
其中所述基体树脂包括20~80wt%的主链含有苯环的改性尼龙类热塑性树脂和20~80wt%的横截面宽高比为1.5~4的增强纤维,
其中所述改性尼龙类热塑性树脂具有0.7~0.9dl/g的特性粘度,
其中所述增强纤维具有2mm至13mm的长度,
其中所述抗冲改性剂为通过将选自马来酸酐、甲基丙烯酸甘油醚酯和噁唑啉中的一种或多种反应性官能团接枝到乙烯/辛烯橡胶上而制备的反应性烯烃共聚物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的尼龙类树脂复合材料,其中所述改性尼龙类热塑性树脂具有10,000~100,000的平均分子量。
3.根据权利要求1所述的尼龙类树脂复合材料,其中所述增强纤维选自玻璃纤维、碳纤维、芳酰胺纤维、钛酸钾纤维、碳化硅纤维、以及它们的混合物中。
4.根据权利要求1所述的尼龙类树脂复合材料,其中所述增强纤维为玻璃纤维。
5.根据权利要求1所述的尼龙类树脂复合材料,进一步包括选自抗氧化剂、热稳定剂、光稳定剂、助流剂、润滑剂、抗菌剂、脱模剂和成核剂中的至少一种添加剂。
6.一种颗粒,所述颗粒通过挤出权利要求1~5中任何一项所述的尼龙类树脂复合材料而制备。
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Application publication date: 20130529