CN103025940B - 增强的无纺织物 - Google Patents

增强的无纺织物 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103025940B
CN103025940B CN201180032975.7A CN201180032975A CN103025940B CN 103025940 B CN103025940 B CN 103025940B CN 201180032975 A CN201180032975 A CN 201180032975A CN 103025940 B CN103025940 B CN 103025940B
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China
Prior art keywords
textile structure
planar textile
grid
planar
structure according
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Expired - Fee Related
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CN201180032975.7A
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English (en)
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CN103025940A (zh
Inventor
马丁·登策尔
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Thueringisches Institut fuer Textil und Kunststoff Forschung eV
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Thueringisches Institut fuer Textil und Kunststoff Forschung eV
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H11/00—Non-woven pile fabrics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/06—Fibrous reinforcements only
    • B29C70/08—Fibrous reinforcements only comprising combinations of different forms of fibrous reinforcements incorporated in matrix material, forming one or more layers, and with or without non-reinforced layers
    • B29C70/081—Combinations of fibres of continuous or substantial length and short fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
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    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/022—Non-woven fabric
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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/028—Net structure, e.g. spaced apart filaments bonded at the crossing points
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
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Abstract

一种平面纺织结构，该平面纺织结构包括增强网格和至少一个以平面方式位于该增强网格的至少一个表面上的毛绒层，其特征在于，该平面纺织结构具有从40至140g/m2的单位面积重量，该毛绒层主要由碳纤维组成，在该平面纺织结构中的所述碳纤维具有从60至97%的单位面积重量的比例，该增强网格具有从2.5至12.5g/m2的成合适比例的单位面积重量，并且该平面纺织结构被加强。

Description

增强的无纺织物
技术领域
本发明涉及一种已经被增强以用于在制造过程期间改善的处理的织造材料、一种结合有该增强的无纺材料的部件及其用途。具体地，本发明涉及一种具有包含于其中的增强网格的碳纤维无纺织物。
背景技术
在纺织纤维中的具有相对低内聚力的平面纺织结构的制造期间，例如在无纺织物或毛绒的情况下，最简单的处理工艺会造成问题，诸如将所述平面结构卷起和展开，并且自动地将所述平面结构供给到另外的生产阶段。对付该问题的一种可能的方式是将增强网格一体形成到平面结构中。引入毛绒层之间的这一增强层的基本结构代表本发明的出发点。
在DE9207367U1中公开了一种层压制件，其表面使用纺粘织物形成，并且其由至少两个纺粘织物层和至少一个纤维织物（scrim）层组成，优选地是增强纱制造的纤维织物层，其中该纤维织物层处在相应的两个纺粘织物层之间（DE9207367U1，第2页，第二整句）。
DE102006060241A1公开了一种由平面纺织结构和增强材料组成的载体插入物，其中已经展现增强性的平面纺织结构被水力地硬化。具体地，描述了纺粘织物，其通过随机地放置被新熔融纺丝（melt-spun）的长丝而产生，并且由无接头合成纤维组成，所述无接头合成纤维由可熔融纺丝的聚合物材料构成（DE102006060241A1，段落[0036]）。
EP1584737A1公开了一种加强的平面无纺织物，该加强的无纺织物包含至少两层由聚脂制成的无接头纤维无纺织物和固定在无纺层之间的玻璃纤维网格。
引用的公开文献主要涉及使用平面纺织结构用于制造经沥青处理的顶或衬板。可熔融纺丝聚合物在这里主要被用于无纺材料而非碳纤维。然而，在这样的应用中，在重量减轻和机械稳定性上没有特别的要求是必要的。由于这个原因，已知的说明对于在这点上经受更加严格的要求的部件的制造是不适当的，例如在汽车或航空工业中。
因此，这些应用还要求薄的平面纺织结构，这允许最终一体形成平面纺织结构的成品部件，以承受最高可能的机械载荷。因此，本发明是针对完全或主要由碳纤维制成的平面纺织结构。
在制造技术方面由碳纤维造成的一个困难与碳纤维表面的成分有关。与其它聚合物纤维相比，碳纤维具有非常光滑的表面。因此，在平面纺织结构中的碳纤维在纤维之间展现非常弱的粘合力，并且因此导致平面纺织结构之间的低内聚力。这种低粘合力或低内聚力最后影响由碳纤维组成的平面纺织结构的制造过程，因此使得增强网格成为必需。
还需要的是满足某些光学要求和触觉要求的平面纺织结构。无纺织物材料中所包含的增强网格必须是从外侧尽可能难以察觉的，并且增强网格的网孔不应在平面纺织结构的表面上产生任何沟槽。
然而，无纺层由于其碳纤维的百分比而主要对一体形成平面纺织结构的最终部件的机械稳定性负责，使得增强网格的存在对部件的强度重量比具有有害的影响。
此外，增强网格的使用影响无纺材料的悬垂特性。在这里，悬垂能力随着增强网格的强度增加而恶化。
然而，同时，增强网格必须满足其所使用的目的，特别地是为平面纺织结构提供足够的增强，从而确保平面纺织结构在制造过程中的改善的处理。
因此，本发明的目的是制备一种在很大程度上避免提及的缺点的同时展现提及的期望特性的平面纺织结构。
发明内容
本发明的目的通过平面纺织结构的层厚度或单位面积重量、碳纤维在单位面积重量中的比例以及增强网格的成合适比例的单位面积重量的有利的组合来实现。
本发明的一个方面涉及一种平面纺织结构，该平面纺织结构包含增强网格和至少一个平面地位于该增强网格的至少一个表面上的毛绒层，其特征在于，
-该平面纺织结构展现从40至140g/cm2的单位面积重量，
-该毛绒层主要由碳纤维组成，
-这些碳纤维在该平面纺织结构中占单位面积重量的60至97%，
-该增强网格展现从2.5至12.5g/m2的成合适比例的单位面积重量，并且
-该平面纺织结构被硬化。
本发明的另一个方面是包含至少两个平面地联结在一起的根据本发明的平面纺织结构的物品。
本发明的另一个方面是包含根据本发明的平面纺织结构或根据本发明的被浸透聚合物基质的物品的部件。
本发明的另一个方面是根据本发明的部件用于制造汽车的零件的用途。
具体实施方式
图1示出根据本发明一个方面的平面纺织结构（1）的示意结构设计。根据本发明的增强网格（3）在这里被固定在根据本发明的两个毛绒层（2）之间，所述增强网格（3）如由其网格拉条（30）表示的那样，所述毛绒层（2）如由其纤维（20）表示的那样。
图2示出根据本发明的平面纺织结构（1）的优选实施例的示意结构设计。两个竖直堆叠的毛绒层（2）在这里位于增强网格（3）的一侧上，而一个毛绒层（2）位于另一侧上。该实施例是优选的，因为平面纺织结构（1）的表面在具有两个竖直堆叠的毛绒层（2）的那一侧上展现较佳的光学特征和触觉特性。这主要在部件的仅一侧在一体形成平面纺织结构（1）的后面部件中是可见的时变得有利，例如在车门的情况下。
图3示出根据本发明的平面纺织结构（1）的实施例的示意结构设计。两个竖直堆叠的毛绒层（2）在这里位于增强网格（3）的一侧上，而增强网格（3）的另一侧保持干净。该实施例是有利的，尤其是当光学要求和触觉要求仅仅涉及平面纺织结构（1）的一侧时。
术语“毛绒层”是专家所熟知的。它表示例如通过针刺而随机地缠结起来的未经硬化的多根单根纤维所形成的松散层。
用于制造毛绒层（2）的方法是专家所熟知的，例如清理或梳理。取决于方法，在毛绒层（2）中的多根单根纤维（20）的排列或多或少地被同质地分布。然而，在毛绒层（2）中的纤维（20）在一些方法中、例如在梳理方法中展现优选方向。这意味着与在其它方向上的相比，在毛绒层（2）中的纤维（20）在一个特定方向上的排列更频繁地被遇到。这是因为纤维（20）在梳理工艺中始终在相同的方向上被来回梳理。因此，与垂直于纤维（20）的优选方向上的相比，最终毛绒层（2）在相对于纤维（20）的优选方向的纵向上频繁地展现更大的强度。在本发明中，术语毛绒层（2）的“优选方向”必须根据在这里提供的定义来理解。
“织造”或“织造材料”或“织造层”或“织造材料层”表示已经例如通过针刺而被硬化的毛绒层（2）。
用于将毛绒层（2）硬化成织造层的方法，例如针刺，是专家所熟知的。硬化方法在本质上可以是热的、机械的或化学的。例如，热硬化通常涉及在制造毛绒之前将已经被添加到平面纺织结构的介质熔开。然而，机械方法包含针刺和缝合。化学方法通常涉及在粘合剂上喷涂。在硬化根据本发明的平面纺织结构（1）期间，还应用与毛绒层（2）相关的方法。存在于平面纺织结构（1）中的所有的毛绒层（2）和增强网格（3）在这里都被联结在一起。在机械硬化期间，这以使增强网格（3）的网格拉条与邻接的毛绒层（2）的各个单独的纤维缠结起来的方式发生，这在增强网格（3）与毛绒层（2）之间产生更强的连接。
如果被进一步加工成织造物中的毛绒层（2）展现纤维（20）的优选方向，则这常常也可以从织造材料的表面辨别出，例如在已经针刺毛绒层（2）之后。
在本发明的框架内，根据本发明的平面纺织结构（1）在某些背景下被称为“无纺折叠层（plies）”。
在本发明的优选实施例中，平面纺织结构（1）展现80-110g/m2的单位面积重量，其中在平面纺织结构（1）中的碳纤维具有65至84%的成合适比例的单位面积重量，并且增强网格（3）具有3至10g/m2的成合适比例的单位面积重量。该实施例尤其适合于在汽车工业中的部件中使用，以取代薄金属板，例如发动机罩、车门、挡泥板等等。
增强网格（3）可以位于在平面纺织结构（1）的内部的两个接连的毛绒层（2）之间。在这里优点是，在平面纺织结构（1）的两个表面上都能够确保期望的光学和触觉成分。
除那以外，使增强网格（3）位于平面纺织结构（1）的外侧上也能够是有利的。在这里可以制作非常薄的平面纺织结构（1），其至少一侧展现期望的光学和触觉成分。因此，该实施例尤其适合于在根据本发明的部件中使用，这些部件如所意图的仅从成品（例如，车门）中的一侧是可见的。
根据本发明，毛绒层（2）主要由碳纤维构成。在本发明的框架内，不由碳纤维组成的部分被称为“异质纤维部分”。取决于背景，异质纤维部分可以涉及整个平面纺织结构以及仅涉及毛绒层（2）。低异质纤维部是基本上期望的，因为根据本发明的部件的稳定性随着异质纤维部分的增加而下降。然而，碳纤维是成本非常昂贵的。因此，一旦已经达到该部件的充足的稳定性，就可以将异质纤维添加到将被以有针对性的方式加工的纤维，特别地以如下的方式加工，即：使得碳纤维占根据本发明的主题的平面纺织结构（1）的总的单位面积重量的一定百分比，优选地量值65至84%的百分比。
在增强网格（3）的材料和成分上没有特别的限制。其优选地由作为纤维织物、织造物、编织物或针织物存在的无接头纤维（30）的线组成，其中纤维织物是优选的，因为其最容易制作，并且与针织物相比在交叉点处展现最小的层厚度。
例如，在增强网格（3）中的纤维能够由聚脂、玻璃、聚酰胺、聚乙烯、芳族聚酰胺纤维和/或碳组成，其中出于成本连同强度与纤维厚度之间的比率的原因，聚脂和玻璃代表优选的材料。
无论增强网格（3）是由纤维织物、织造物、编织物组成或还是由针织物组成，增强网格（3）的结构组分在本发明的框架内被称为“拉条”或“网格拉条”和“交叉点”，与赋予网格的一般意义一致。
在增强网格（3）中的拉条（30）的优选纤度优选地大小为120至350分特。还优选的是在150与280分特之间的纤度，因为在该范围中实现了相对于沟槽的强度和范围的最佳的结果，并且确保了充分的悬垂能力，其中所述沟槽由在根据本发明的平面纺织结构（1）的表面上的增强网格（3）的网孔形成。
增强网格（3）的交叉点能够展现粘合剂。如果增强网格（3）是纤维织物层，则优选在交叉点处使用粘合剂。在粘合剂的选择上没有特别的限制。然而，PVAC基的粘合剂是优选的，因为它们是可热密封的，并且使得制造增强网格（3）是尤其容易且不贵的。
在结构设计方面，增强网格（3）优选地由两至三片的平行拉条（30）组成。然而，多于三片也是可能的。
如果结构设计由两片的平行拉条（5a）组成，则方格形结构（5）是优选的，即，增强网格（3）展现方形网孔。图5提供描绘出来自该结构的一剪切部分的示意图。在这里，优点必定与平面结构的强度的最大的各向同性有关，意味着具有方向独立的强度。在该实施例中，在拉条（5a）之间的距离优选地大小为10至50mm，更优选地10至18mm，因为给出的是较小的网孔，上文描述的沟槽不太显著。
如果结构设计由三片的平行拉条（4a、4b、4c）组成，则一片拉条被称为“纵向拉条”（4a），并且其它两片拉条被称为“斜拉条”（4b、4c）。图4提供描绘出来自该结构的一剪切部分的示意图。在这里，优选的是如下结构设计，即，斜拉条中的一片（4b）相对于纵向拉条（4a）以大于45°且小于90°的角度被定位，而对于斜拉条中的另一片（4c）来说，这些角度小于-45°且大于-90°，并且两片斜拉条（4b、4c）各自相对于纵向拉条（4a）的角度在数字上都是相等的。分开来看，两片斜拉条（4b、4c）因此形成长菱形网孔。在该实施例中，在纵向拉条（4a）之间的距离优选地大小为5至20mm。在该实施例中，在一片内的斜拉条（4b、4c）之间的距离优选地大小为7至50mm，因为上文描述的沟槽因此不太明显，而同时确保了充分的强度。
无论网格（3）被如何设计，在组合增强网格（3）和毛绒层（2）时，增强网格（3）的平行拉条（30）的片优选地被相对于毛绒层（2）中的纤维（20）的优选方向（若有的话）纵向地排列。这帮助简化制造工艺。
用于制造根据本发明的其中增强网格（3）位于两个接连的毛绒层（2）之间的平面纺织结构（1）的方法通常包含优选地在连续工艺内的相同的步骤：
制造具有期望的单位面积重量的毛绒层（2），
根据需要制造另外的毛绒层（2），并且将该另外的毛绒层（2）施加到在a）中制造的毛绒层（2），
将增强网格（3）施加到在a）中制造的毛绒层（2），或如果必要的话，施加在a）和b）中制造的毛绒层（2）堆上。
将至少一个另外的毛绒层（2）施加于在c）中制备的增强网格（3）上，
例如通过针刺使在a）至d）中的一个被放置在另一个的顶部上的折叠层硬化，以及
使在e）中产生的平面结构（1）聚集，例如聚集在辊上。
用于制造根据本发明的其中增强网格（3）被固定到平面纺织结构（1）的外侧的平面纺织结构（1）的方法通常包含优选地在连续工艺内的下列步骤。
将至少一个毛绒层（2）施加在增强网格（3）上，
例如通过针刺使在a）中的一个被放置在另一个的顶部上的折叠层硬化，以及
使在b）中产生的平面结构（1）聚集，例如聚集在辊上。
结合上文描述的方法，术语“折叠层”表示毛绒层（2）和增强网格（3）两者。
在本发明的另一个方面中，根据本发明的平面纺织结构（1）的在下文中被称为“无纺折叠层”的几个折叠层能够被平面地联结在一起，从而产生根据本发明的物品。
如果有的话，各个单独的无纺折叠层（1）的优选方向可以被相互平行地排列。然而，取决于该物品被如何使用以及在何处使用，使无纺折叠层（1）相对于其优选方向彼此以不同的角度平面地联结也会是有利的。一个优选实施例提供三个无纺折叠层（1）构成的复合物，其中中间和上部的无纺折叠层（1）的优选方向以相对于下部的无纺折叠层（1）的优选方向成45°或-45°的角度来排列。这对于由该复合物制造的物品和部件的强度来说产生了增加的各向同性。
例如，在根据本发明的无纺折叠层（1）之间的连接能够通过只是将它们缝合在一起或通过重新的针刺来实现。然而，其它类型的联结也是可能的。
在优选实施例中，至少一个网格折叠层可以被设置在根据本发明的物品的两个或更多个无纺折叠层（1）之间。在浸透工艺期间，例如，在为制造根据本发明的部件而注射流体聚合物基质时，这允许在各个单独的无纺折叠层（1）不相对于彼此滑动的情况下，使聚合物材料较佳地穿透到几个无纺折叠层构成的复合物中并且最佳地浸透所述复合物。可以将网格折叠层基于根据本发明的增强网格（3）来结构化。然而，还可以使用具有不同的结构设计的网格。由聚酯线组成的针织物或纤维物在这里是优选的，因为制造它们是容易且不贵的。
在本发明的另一个方面中，根据本发明平面纺织结构（1）或根据本发明的物品被浸透聚合物基质，从而产生根据本发明的部件。
聚合物基质在材料上没有特别的限制。用于聚合物基质的适当的材料通常包含在纤维复合材料的制造中使用的树脂，诸如聚脂树脂、环氧树脂和乙烯基酯树脂。
用于浸透平面纺织结构（1）的适当的方法，例如树脂注射或浸渍法，是专家所熟知的。例如通过暴露于高温的随后的硬化产生呈期望的形式的部件。因此，最经常必须将平面纺织结构（1）预先悬垂在刚性模具上。根据本发明的平面纺织结构（1）在这里由于其构造而通过最佳的悬垂能力而是表现突出的。
在本发明的另一个方面中，使用根据本发明的部件来制造汽车零件。在部件的类型和功能上这里没有特别的限制。非承载零件在这里是优选的。
在汽车中的承载零件，诸如，A柱、B柱或C柱，是高度应力部件。如果它们由纤维复合材料组成，则通常使用织造席（wovenmatting）或纤维织物制造，其中在织造席或纤维织物中的纤维束被以使得最佳地吸收或转移作用力的方式排列，即，在纤维织物的织造席中的纤维束优选地被沿所施加的力的方向排列。在无纺材料中，强度由于结构而被沿所有方向分布，其中通过梳理毛绒产生的优选方向能够再一次提升无纺材料的强度的各向异性。这就是为何由无纺织物制造出的纤维复合材料能够在车辆的高应力部件中使用的原因。然而，无纺材料和织造席或纤维织物的组合使用也是可能的，例如以无纺纤维织物复合物的形式。

Claims (17)

1.一种平面纺织结构(1)，所述平面纺织结构(1)包含一个增强网格(3)和至少一个平面地位于所述增强网格(3)的至少一个表面上的毛绒层(2)，其特征在于，
-所述平面纺织结构(1)展现从40至140g/m2的单位面积重量，
-所述毛绒层(2)主要由碳纤维组成，
-所述平面纺织结构(1)中的所述碳纤维占所述单位面积重量的60至97％，
-所述增强网格(3)展现从2.5至12.5g/m2的成合适比例的单位面积重量，
-所述平面纺织结构(1)被硬化，并且
-其中所述毛绒层是随机地缠结起来的多根单根纤维所形成的松散层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的平面纺织结构(1)，其特征在于：
-所述平面纺织结构(1)展现80-110g/m2的单位面积重量，
-所述平面纺织结构(1)中的所述碳纤维具有65至84％的成合适比例的单位面积重量，并且
-所述增强网格(3)具有3至10g/m2的成合适比例的单位面积重量。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的平面纺织结构(1)，其特征在于，所述增强网格(3)位于所述平面纺织结构(1)的外侧上。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的平面纺织结构(1)，其特征在于，所述增强网格(3)位于两个接连的毛绒层之间。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的平面纺织结构(1)，其特征在于，所述增强网格(3)的材料包含聚酯和/或玻璃纤维。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的平面纺织结构(1)，其特征在于，所述增强网格的拉条(30)展现120至350分特的纤度。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的平面纺织结构(1)，其特征在于，所述增强网格(3)的交叉点处使用粘合剂。
8.根据权利要求1或2所述的平面纺织结构(1)，其特征在于，所述增强网格(3)被设计为无纬纤维织物。
9.根据权利要求1或2所述的平面纺织结构(1)，其特征在于，所述增强网格(3)展现：在特定方向上的一片平行的纵向拉条(4a)，以及与所述平行的纵向拉条斜交的多片平行的斜拉条(4b、4c)，其中一片平行的斜拉条(4b)相对于所述平行的纵向拉条(4a)以大于45°且小于90°的角度被定位，而对于另一片平行的斜拉条(4c)，所述角度小于-45°且大于-90°，并且两片平行的斜拉条(4b、4c)各自相对于所述平行的纵向拉条(4a)的角度在数字上都是相等的。
10.根据权利要求9所述的平面纺织结构(1)，其特征在于，所述纵向拉条(4a)相互隔开5至20mm，并且所述斜拉条(4b、4c)相互隔开7至50mm。
11.根据权利要求1或2所述的平面纺织结构(1)，其特征在于，所述增强网格(3)具有由两片平行的拉条组成的方格形设计。
12.根据权利要求11所述的平面纺织结构(1)，其特征在于，各个平行的拉条相互隔开10至50mm。
13.根据权利要求1或2所述的平面纺织结构(1)，其特征在于，所述毛绒层(2)主要由人造短纤维组成。
14.一种包含至少两个平面地联结的根据权利要求1至13中的一项所述的平面纺织结构(1)的物品。
15.一种包含根据权利要求1至13中的一项所述的平面纺织结构(1)的部件，其特征在于，所述平面纺织结构(1)被浸透聚合物基质。
16.一种包含根据权利要求14所述的物品的部件，其特征在于，所述物品被浸透聚合物基质。
17.根据权利要求15或16中的一项所述的部件的用途，用来制造汽车零件。
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