CN102448755A - 混合动力车的动力传递机构 - Google Patents
混合动力车的动力传递机构 Download PDFInfo
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- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
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- B60K6/387—Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
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- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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- B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
- B60K6/48—Parallel type
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- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
- B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
- B60K2006/381—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches characterized by driveline brakes
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- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
- B60K6/48—Parallel type
- B60K2006/4825—Electric machine connected or connectable to gearbox input shaft
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Abstract
本发明的目的在于提供一种混合动力车的动力传递机构,提高能量利用效率。混合动力车的动力传递机构将发动机、主离合器、马达/发电机、变速器及主传动减速齿轮配置在同轴上,并用发动机和马达/发电机的动力,其特征在于,具备:发动机驱动轴,经由上述主离合器与发动机输出轴连结;马达/发电机的马达输出轴,被支持为能够与上述发动机驱动轴相独立地旋转;驱动轴制动器,将上述发动机驱动轴释放或固定;马达制动器,将上述马达输出轴释放或固定;以及行星齿轮机构,由与上述马达输出轴连结的齿圈、与上述发动机驱动轴连结的太阳轮、与该太阳轮和上述齿圈噛合的多个行星齿轮及与上述变速器连结并取得该行星齿轮的公转运动的行星架构成。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种混合动力(hybrid)车的动力传递机构,根据状况切换/组合使用发动机和马达/发电机的动力。
背景技术
如非专利文献1、2公开的那样,如今,在卡车等商用车中,为了降低发动机的负荷而实现燃料消费率的提高,提出一种混合动力系统,在起步时或坡路行驶时等、对发动机施加负荷的行驶时,借助马达的助力。
图10表示非专利文献1公开的混合动力车的动力传递机构,如图所示,该动力传递机构的驱动系统的排列为,按照发动机1、主离合器(单板离合器)3、马达(马达/发电机)5、变速器7、主传动减速齿轮9的顺序,都配置在相同轴上。然后,在从主离合器3连接到变速器7的发动机驱动轴11上安装有马达5的转子13,在变速器7和主传动减速齿轮9之间连结有推进轴15。
然而,上述混合动力系统为,在将主离合器3分离的状态下仅通过马达5的驱动力起步,在规定车速(约5~6km/h前后)使发动机1与马达5的旋转同步,连接主离合器3而仅通过发动机1开始行驶。
然后,在上坡路等施加负荷的行驶时,根据加速踏板(accel pedal)的踩踏量进入并用发动机1和马达5的高输出行驶,在减速·制动时,根据状况将主离合器3切断,使马达5反作用而施加与发动机制动相当的再生制动,将制动能量(再生能量)回收到电池。
此外,图11表示非专利文献2公开的混合动力车的动力传递机构,该动力传递机构为,使马达输出轴19与发动机驱动轴11相独立地构成,在该马达输出轴19与发动机驱动轴11之间安装由爪形离合器(dog clutch)构成的离合器机构21。
并且,在专利文献1中公开了一种混合动力车的动力传递机构,如图12所示,将发动机1和马达5的输出通过行星齿轮机构23合成,向变速器7侧输出。
如图所示,该动力传递机构的特征在于,将行星齿轮机构23的齿圈(ring gear)25与马达5的马达输出轴19连结,将行星齿轮机构23的太阳轮(sun gear)27与发动机驱动轴11连结,从行星齿轮机构23的托架29向上述变速器7侧输出,另一方面,在行星齿轮机构23的齿圈25、托架29以及太阳轮27成为相互大致相等的规定的结合转速时,通过离心离合器31使托架29与齿圈25结合为一体而使变速比成为1。
然而,根据该动力传递机构,在车辆停止时驱动发动机1,以使太阳轮27以离心离合器31的结合转速旋转,在马达5反转的状态下将该马达5再生制动而使反转平稳地停止,向正转驱动平稳地转移,由此使车辆顺畅地起步,当控制发动机1的驱动以使太阳轮27以结合转速继续旋转并且使马达5的转速提高时,齿圈25的转速最终达到结合转速,通过离心离合器31而托架27与齿圈25一体地结合。
在先技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特开平9-14385号公报
非专利文献
非专利文献1:(株)鉄道日本社发行《月刊自動車工学》2006年10月号
非专利文献2:五十铃汽车(株)发行《いす技報》2005年113号
发明要解决的课题
但是,图10所示的动力传递机构具有的缺点为,在仅通过发动机1的驱动力行驶的情况下,会产生马达5的空转导致的损失(旋转阻力)、即由于安装在转子13上的磁石的影响而产生机械性的损失。此外,为了消除这种负荷损失而在马达5的定子33中通电时,会产生新的电损失。
此外,图11所示的动力传递机构为,由于将马达输出轴19与发动机驱动轴11相独立地构成的构造,在仅通过发动机1的驱动力行驶的情况下,能够消除马达5的机械性的损失(旋转阻力),但为了使构成上述离合器机构21的爪形离合器的接合、切断顺畅地进行,需要进行精度较高的复杂的转速同步控制。
并且,使用该爪形离合器的动力传递机构是假定向2~3吨载重的小型卡车安装的,在向需要较大马达输出的大型卡车的应用时,担心爪形离合器的强度不足以及耐老化性的不足。
而且,在图12所示的动力传递机构中,与图10的以往例同样,也存在如下不良情况:在仅通过发动机1行驶的情况下,会产生马达5的机械性的损失(旋转阻力)。
发明内容
本发明是鉴于这种实际情况而提出的,其目的在于提供一种混合动力车的动力传递机构,对并用发动机和马达/发电机的动力的这种混合动力车的动力传递机构加以改进,消除仅通过发动机的行驶时的基于马达/发电机的旋转阻力的损失,并且能够顺畅地进行马达和发动机的输入输出动力的混合、分离,能够提高能量利用效率。
用于解决课题的手段
为了实现这种目的,技术方案1的发明为一种混合动力车的动力传递机构,将发动机、主离合器、马达/发电机、变速器、主传动减速齿轮配置在同轴上,并用发动机和马达/发电机的动力,其特征在于,具备:发动机驱动轴,经由上述主离合器与发动机输出轴连结;马达/发电机的马达输出轴,被支持为能够与上述发动机驱动轴相独立地旋转;驱动轴制动器,将上述发动机驱动轴释放或固定;马达制动器,将上述马达输出轴释放或固定;以及行星齿轮机构,由与上述马达输出轴连结的齿圈、与上述发动机驱动轴连结的太阳轮、与该太阳轮和上述齿圈噛合的多个行星齿轮、以及与上述变速器连结并取得该行星齿轮的公转运动的行星架构成;通过将上述主离合器固定、并将驱动轴制动器和马达制动器释放,由此发动机和马达/发电机的驱动力通过行星齿轮机构合成而向变速器传递;通过将上述主离合器和马达制动器固定、并将驱动轴制动器释放,由此仅发动机的驱动力从行星齿轮机构向变速器传递;通过将上述主离合器和马达制动器释放、并将驱动轴制动器固定,由此仅马达/发电机的驱动力从行星齿轮机构向变速器传递,并且在车辆制动时马达/发电机反作用而施加再生制动,使发动机成为怠速状态而将主离合器固定,使马达/发电机反转而使从行星齿轮的输出为“0”,由此车辆停止,通过使马达/发电机的旋转向正转侧转移,由此车辆起步。
然后,技术方案2的发明为一种混合动力车的动力传递机构,将发动机、主离合器、马达/发电机、变速器、主传动减速齿轮配置在同轴上,并用发动机和马达/发电机的动力,其特征在于,
具备:发动机驱动轴,经由上述主离合器与发动机输出轴连结;马达/发电机的马达输出轴,被支持为能够与上述发动机驱动轴相独立地旋转;马达制动器,将上述马达输出轴释放或固定;行星齿轮机构,由与上述马达输出轴连结的齿圈、与上述发动机驱动轴连结的太阳轮、与该太阳轮和上述齿圈噛合的多个行星齿轮、与上述变速器连结并取得该行星齿轮的公转运动的行星架构成;以及锁止离合器,将上述行星架和齿圈释放或固定;通过将上述主离合器固定、并将马达制动器和锁止离合器释放,由此发动机和马达/发电机的驱动力通过行星齿轮机构合成而向变速器传递;通过将上述主离合器和马达制动器固定、并将锁止离合器释放,由此仅发动机的驱动力从行星齿轮机构向变速器传递;通过将上述主离合器和马达制动器释放、并将锁止离合器固定,由此仅马达/发电机的驱动力从行星齿轮机构向变速器传递,并且在车辆制动时马达/发电机反作用而施加再生制动,通过使发动机为怠速状态而使主离合器固定,使马达/发电机反转而使从行星齿轮的输出为“0”,由此车辆停止,使马达/发电机的旋转向正转侧转移,由此车辆起步。
发明的效果
根据各技术方案的发明,能够以下述驱动模式进行起步、行驶,即,进行仅发动机的驱动、制动的发动机驱动模式、并用发动机和马达/发电机的驱动力而进行驱动、制动的马达/发动机协调驱动模式、以及进行仅马达/发电机的驱动和再生制动的马达驱动模式。
并且,根据技术方案1、2的发明,具有如下优点,在发动机驱动模式下,与以往车辆同样地进行主离合器的接合、切断和变速器的变速操作,由此能够行驶,为了不使马达/发电机空转,不使发动机产生额外的驱动力即可。并且,在制动时,能够利用发动机制动,但是通过切换为马达驱动模式,能够利用马达/发电机的再生制动,并且能够将制动能量高效地回收到电池中。
并且,在马达驱动模式下,通过与变速器的变速操作相配合地行驶,由此能够进行起步、加速、再生制动,不会拖动发动机系统,因此能够高效地进行驱动、再生。
然后,发动机能够进行停止状态或者空转状态下的马达驱动模式,因此如果将发动机停止,则能够在室内或低噪声地区进行安静的行驶。
并且,在马达/发动机协调驱动模式下,能够将发动机驱动力通过主离合器逐渐地传递,并且使马达驱动力同步(synchro)并合成,马达/发电机的驱动电力的浪费减少。
而且,作为该马达/发动机协调驱动模式下的又一个运转方法,将主离合器连接而使其“固定”,使发动机为怠速(idling)状态,并且使马达/发电机反转而使来自行星齿轮机构的行星架的输出为“0”,由此使车辆为停止状态,通过使马达/发电机的旋转向正转侧转移,由此能够进行起步、加速,在车辆的停止状态下,如果提高反转的马达/发电机的转速,则能够使车辆后退。
并且,根据该运转方法,具有不需要在起步时需要微细操作的主离合器的接合、切断操作,而能够简单地开始等各种优点。
并且,根据技术方案1、2的发明,能够确保行星齿轮机构的足够的强度,因此能够用于需要较大马达输出的大型卡车。
而且,根据技术方案2的发明,在马达/发电机的再生制动时,通过锁止离合器(lock-up clutch)将行星架和齿圈直接连结,由此行星齿轮机构的行星齿轮传递消失,因此能够进行更高效的再生。
附图说明
图1是技术方案1的一个实施方式的动力传递机构的概略结构图。
图2是马达驱动模式下的动力传递路径的说明图。
图3是马达驱动模式的共线图。
图4是马达/发动机协调驱动模式下的动力传递路径的说明图。
图5是马达/发动机协调驱动模式的共线图。
图6是发动机驱动模式下的动力传递路径的说明图。
图7是发动机驱动模式的共线图。
图8是技术方案2的一个实施方式的动力传递机构的概略结构图。
图9是马达驱动模式下的动力传递路径的说明图。
图10是以往的动力传递机构的概略结构图。
图11是以往的其他动力传递机构的概略结构图。
图12是以往的又一其他动力传递机构的概略结构图。
具体实施方式
以下,基于附图对本发明的实施方式进行详细说明。
图1表示技术方案1的混合动力车的动力传递机构的一个实施方式,与图10的以往例同样,本实施方式的动力传递机构的驱动系统的排列,也是按照发动机41、主离合器(单板离合器)43、马达(马达/发电机)45、变速器47、主传动减速齿轮49的顺序配置在同轴上,发动机驱动轴53经由主离合器43与发动机输出轴51连结,变速器47和主传动减速齿轮49之间连结有推进轴55。
此外,在图中,57是安装在马达45的转子59上的马达输出轴,与发动机驱动轴53相独立地构成,经由轴承能够旋转地支持在未图示的马达主体上。并且,在主离合器43侧的马达输出轴57的一端,安装有将该马达输出轴57释放或固定的马达制动器61。
上述马达制动器61,作为一个例子构成为如盘形制动器那样的构造,通过用未图示的制动垫夹住设置在马达输出轴57上的制动盘63,由此对马达输出轴57的旋转施加制动而马达输出轴57被固定(马达制动器61的固定),此外,通过使制动垫从制动盘63分离,由此对马达输出轴57的制动被解除(马达制动器61的释放)。
并且,与上述马达制动器61相邻接,安装有将发动机驱动轴53释放或固定的驱动轴制动器65。
该驱动轴制动器65,作为一个例子也是由如盘形制动器那样的构造构成,通过用未图示的制动垫夹住设置在发动机驱动轴53上的制动盘67,由此对发动机驱动轴53的旋转施加制动而发动机驱动轴53被固定(驱动轴制动器65的固定),此外,通过使制动垫从制动盘67分离,由此对马达输出轴57的制动被解除(驱动轴制动器65的释放)。
并且,在马达45和变速器47之间,设置有对发动机41和马达45的驱动力进行合成的行星齿轮机构69。
如图所示,行星齿轮机构69包括:与马达输出轴57连结的齿圈71;与发动机驱动轴53连结的太阳轮73;与该太阳轮73和上述齿圈71啮合的多个行星齿轮75;以及取得各行星齿轮75的公转运动的行星架77,行星架77经由传递轴79与变速器47连结。
本实施方式的动力传递机构81如此构成,接下来,基于图2至图7对其动作进行说明。
首先,例如在发动机41的怠速状态或者停止状态下,如图2所示那样,如果将主离合器43切断而“释放”,通过制动垫夹住制动盘67而将驱动轴制动器65(发动机驱动轴53)“固定”,并且使制动垫从制动盘63分离而将马达制动器61(马达输出轴57)“释放”,使马达45正转,则与发动机驱动轴53连结的太阳轮73的旋转被限制,因此各行星齿轮75围绕太阳轮73一边自转一边公转,马达45的驱动力从传递轴79向变速器47传递,车辆仅通过马达45的驱动力起步(马达驱动模式)。
因此,通过与变速器47的变速操作相配合地进行运转,由此能够如图3所示那样进行起步、加速,不会拖动发动机系统,因此马达45高效地进行驱动。
然后,在车辆制动时,来自轮胎83的转矩经由行星齿轮机构69输入马达45而使马达45反作用,因此施加与发动机制动相当的再生制动而制动能量被回收到电池中。
此外,在发动机41的怠速状态下,车辆在以图2的马达驱动模式起步后,如图4所示那样,如果将主离合器43连接而“固定”,使制动垫从制动盘67分离而将驱动轴制动器65(发动机驱动轴53)“释放”,则太阳轮73的制动被解除,因此如图5(a)所示那样,成为马达45的驱动力和发动机41的驱动力由行星齿轮机构69合成的马达/发动机协调驱动模式。然后,此时,能够将发动机驱动力通过主离合器43逐渐传递,并且在使马达驱动力同步的同时合成,马达45的驱动电力的浪费减少。
并且,作为该马达/发动机协调驱动模式中的又一个运转方法,通过将主离合器43连接而“固定”,在使发动机41为怠速状态的同时使马达45反转,如图5(b)那样使来自行星架77的输出为“0”,由此车辆成为停止状态。然后,使马达45的旋转向正转侧转移,由此能够如图5(a)所示那样进行起步、加速,在如图5(b)那样的车辆的停止状态下,如果提高反转的马达45的转速,则如图5(c)所示那样车辆后退。
通过这种运转方法,根据本实施方式,能够进行不需要在起步时需要微细操作的主离合器43的接合、切断操作的简单开始(easy start)。
接下来,对仅利用马达45的驱动力的发动机驱动模式进行说明,如果在使马达45停止而将发动机41起动后,如图6所示那样将主离合器43连接而“固定”,通过用制动垫夹住制动盘63而使马达制动器63(马达输出轴53)“固定”,则齿圈71的旋转被限制,因此仅通过发动机41的驱动力,各行星齿轮75围绕太阳轮73一边自转一边公转,发动机41的驱动力从传递轴79向变速器47传递,车辆仅通过发动机41的驱动力起步。
然后,与变速器47的变速相配合地进行运转,由此能够如图7所示那样进行起步、加速,不会拖动马达系统,因此基于马达45的机械损失消失,能够进行与以往车辆同样的行驶。
此外,在该发动机驱动模式中,在制动时能够使用发动机制动,在制动时通过切换为图2的马达驱动模式,由此如上述那样制动能量能够高效地回收到电池中。
接下来,对上述马达驱动模式、发动机驱动模式、马达/发动机协调驱动模式的切换控制进行说明,例如根据是否是坡路等对发动机41施加负荷的行驶状态等状况,控制构件(未图示)如图2至图6那样对马达制动器63及驱动轴制动器65进行释放或固定即可,作为一个例子为,在车辆的行驶开始时对电池容量和加速踏板的踩踏量进行检测,在为坡道起步而加速踏板被较强地踏入、电池容量为足够的情况下,如果控制构件如图4那样将马达制动器61和驱动轴制动器65“释放”而驱动马达45,则进入并用发动机41和马达45的驱动力的马达/发动机协调驱动模式的高输出行驶。
此外,例如在虽然是坡道起步而加速器被较强地踏入,但使马达45驱动的电池容量为不足的情况下,控制构件如果如图6那样使马达制动器63“固定”而将驱动轴制动器65“释放”,则车辆仅通过发动机41的驱动力行驶。
然后,在由于是平坦道路上的起步,而加速踏板被较轻地踏入且电池容量也足够的情况下,如果控制构件如图2所示那样将驱动轴制动器65“固定”而将马达制动器61“释放”,则成为马达驱动模式而车辆仅通过马达45的驱动力起步。此外,在速度上升后,如果控制构件使发动机41驱动,如图4所示那样将驱动轴制动器65“释放”而驾驶员将主离合器43连接,则成为图4的马达/发动机协调驱动模式,如果在车辆制动时控制构件判断为电池容量不足,从图4的马达/发动机协调驱动模式如图2所示那样将驱动轴制动器65“固定”,而驾驶员将主离合器43切断,则对马达45施加与发动机制动相当的再生制动而制动能量被回收到电池中。
如此,本实施方式,能够以仅进行发动机41的驱动、制动的图6以及图7的发动机驱动模式、将发动机41和马达45的驱动力并用而进行驱动、制动的图4以及图5的马达/发动机协调驱动模式、以及仅进行马达45的驱动和再生制动的图2以及图3的马达驱动模式,进行起步、行驶。
因此,根据本实施方式,
[1]具有如下优点:在发动机驱动模式下,能够与以往车辆同样地进行主离合器43的接合、切断和变速器47的变速操作,由此能够进行行驶,不使马达45空转,因此不使发动机41产生额外的驱动力即可。
而且,在制动时,虽然能够利用发动机制动,但如上述那样通过切换为图2的马达驱动模式,由此能够利用基于马达45的再生制动,并且能够将制动能量高效地回收到电池中。
此外,根据本实施方式,
[2]在马达驱动模式下,通过与变速器47的变速操作相配合地进行行驶,由此能够进行起步、加速、再生制动,不会拖动发动机系统,因此能够进行高效的驱动、再生。
并且,发动机41能够进行停止状态或者怠速状态下的马达驱动模式,因此如果使发动机41停止,则能够进行室内及低噪声地区的安静的行驶。
并且,根据本实施方式,
[3]在马达/发动机协调驱动模式下,能够使发动机驱动力通过主离合器43逐渐地传递,并且在使马达驱动力同步的同时进行合成,马达45的驱动电力的浪费减少。
而且,如上述那样,作为该马达/发动机协调驱动模式下的又一个运转方法,通过将主离合器43连接而“固定”,在使发动机41为怠速状态的同时使马达45反转,而如图5(b)那样使来自行星架77的输出为“0”,由此使车辆为停止状态,使马达45的旋转向正转侧转移,由此能够如图5(a)所示那样进行起步、加速,在如图5(b)那样的车辆的停止状态下,如果提高反转的马达45的转速,则能够如图5(c)所示那样使车辆后退。
而且,通过该运转方法,根据本实施方式,具有能够进行不需要在起步时需要微细操作的主离合器43的接合、切断操作的简单开始等各种优点。
并且,根据本实施方式,除了上述的作用效果以外,由于能够确保行星齿轮机构69的足够强度,因此能够应用于需要较大马达输出的大型卡车。
图8表示技术方案2的混合动力车的动力传递机构的一个实施方式,本实施方式的动力传递机构85为,代替上述驱动轴制动器65,设置了对与变速器47连接的行星齿轮机构69-1的行星架77-1和与马达输出轴57(马达45)连接的齿圈71-1进行接合、切断的锁止离合器87。
如以往公知那样,锁止离合器87是用于使自动挡车的扭矩转换器的动力传递效率提高的离合器机构,本实施方式的特征为,如图9所示那样,在马达45的再生制动时,使用上述锁止离合器87将行星架77-1和齿圈71-1连结,由此能够进行与变速器47的变速操作相配合的起步、加速、再生制动。
然后,本实施方式的动力传递机构85的其他构成和其动作,与图1的动力传递机构81同样,因此对于相同部分赋予相同符号而省略构造说明以及动作说明。
而且,根据本实施方式,也与上述实施方式同样,能够实现所期望的目的,并且在马达45的再生制动时,通过由上述锁止离合器87将行星架77-1和齿圈71-1直接连结,由此行星齿轮机构69-1的行星齿轮传递消失,因此与图1的动力传递机构81相比能够进行更高效的再生。
符号说明:
41发动机
43主离合器
45马达(马达/发电机)
47变速器
49主传动减速齿轮
51发动机输出轴
53发动机驱动轴
55推进轴
57马达输出轴
59转子
61马达制动器
63,67制动盘
65驱动轴制动器
69,69-1行星齿轮机构
71,71-1齿圈
73太阳轮
75行星齿轮
77,77-1行星架
79传递轴
81,85动力传递机构
83轮胎
87锁止离合器
Claims (2)
1.一种混合动力车的动力传递机构,将发动机、主离合器、马达/发电机、变速器以及主传动减速齿轮配置在同轴上,并用发动机和马达/发电机的动力,其特征在于,具备:
发动机驱动轴,经由上述主离合器与发动机输出轴连结;
马达/发电机的马达输出轴,被支持为能够与上述发动机驱动轴相独立地旋转;
驱动轴制动器,将上述发动机驱动轴释放或固定;
马达制动器,将上述马达输出轴释放或固定;以及
行星齿轮机构,由与上述马达输出轴连结的齿圈、与上述发动机驱动轴连结的太阳轮、与该太阳轮和上述齿圈噛合的多个行星齿轮、以及与上述变速器连结并取得该行星齿轮的公转运动的行星架构成,
通过将上述主离合器固定、并将驱动轴制动器和马达制动器释放,由此发动机和马达/发电机的驱动力通过行星齿轮机构合成而向变速器传递,
通过将上述主离合器和马达制动器固定、并将驱动轴制动器释放,由此仅发动机的驱动力从行星齿轮机构向变速器传递,
通过将上述主离合器和马达制动器释放、并将驱动轴制动器固定,由此仅马达/发电机的驱动力从行星齿轮机构向变速器传递,并且在车辆制动时马达/发电机反作用而施加再生制动,
通过使发动机成为怠速状态而将主离合器固定,使马达/发电机反转而使来自行星齿轮的输出为“0”,由此车辆停止,通过使马达/发电机的旋转向正转侧转移,由此车辆起步。
2.一种混合动力车的动力传递机构,将发动机、主离合器、马达/发电机、变速器以及主传动减速齿轮配置在同轴上,并用发动机和马达/发电机的动力,其特征在于,具备:
发动机驱动轴,经由上述主离合器与发动机输出轴连结;
马达/发电机的马达输出轴,被支持为能够与上述发动机驱动轴相独立地旋转;
马达制动器,将上述马达输出轴释放或固定;
行星齿轮机构,由与上述马达输出轴连结的齿圈、与上述发动机驱动轴连结的太阳轮、与该太阳轮和上述齿圈噛合的多个行星齿轮、以及与上述变速器连结并取得该行星齿轮的公转运动的行星架构成;以及
锁止离合器,将上述行星架和齿圈释放或固定,
通过将上述主离合器固定、并将马达制动器和锁止离合器释放,由此发动机和马达/发电机的驱动力通过行星齿轮机构合成而向变速器传递,
通过将上述主离合器和马达制动器固定、并将锁止离合器释放,由此仅发动机的驱动力从行星齿轮机构向变速器传递,
通过将上述主离合器和马达制动器释放、并将锁止离合器固定,由此仅马达/发电机的驱动力从行星齿轮机构向变速器传递,并且在车辆制动时马达/发电机反作用而施加再生制动,
通过使发动机为怠速状态而使主离合器固定,使马达/发电机反转而使来自行星齿轮的输出为“0”,由此车辆停止,通过使马达/发电机的旋转向正转侧转移,由此车辆起步。
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CN104986159A (zh) * | 2015-07-15 | 2015-10-21 | 无锡商业职业技术学院 | 一种并联式油电混合动力汽车的传动系统 |
CN106740048A (zh) * | 2017-02-09 | 2017-05-31 | 重庆青山工业有限责任公司 | 一种混合动力汽车动力系统 |
CN109958155A (zh) * | 2017-12-14 | 2019-07-02 | 卡特彼勒公司 | 用于操作机器的圆驱动齿轮的系统 |
CN113357325A (zh) * | 2020-02-20 | 2021-09-07 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | 传动装置 |
CN113357325B (zh) * | 2020-02-20 | 2024-02-23 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | 传动装置 |
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EP2436546A4 (en) | 2013-10-09 |
EP2436546A1 (en) | 2012-04-04 |
WO2010137087A1 (ja) | 2010-12-02 |
US20120065017A1 (en) | 2012-03-15 |
US8585523B2 (en) | 2013-11-19 |
JP2010269765A (ja) | 2010-12-02 |
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