CN102421618B - 并行式混合动力车的动力传递机构 - Google Patents

并行式混合动力车的动力传递机构 Download PDF

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CN102421618B
CN102421618B CN200980159126.0A CN200980159126A CN102421618B CN 102421618 B CN102421618 B CN 102421618B CN 200980159126 A CN200980159126 A CN 200980159126A CN 102421618 B CN102421618 B CN 102421618B
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motor
gear
output shaft
brake
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CN102421618A (zh
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山田良昭
肥喜里邦彦
中村秀一
井谷幸一
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UD Trucks Corp
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/387—Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
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    • B60K6/547—Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a stepped gearing
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    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/10—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines
    • B60L50/16—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines with provision for separate direct mechanical propulsion
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
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Abstract

一种并行式混合动力车的动力传递机构，进行顺畅的马达和发动机的输入输出动力的混合、分离，充分确保混合、分离机构的强度，能够应用于大型混合动力车。具备：马达/发电机的马达输出轴，与从主离合器连接到变速器的发动机驱动轴系统相独立地旋转；马达制动器，安装在马达输出轴的一端侧，释放或固定马达输出轴；行星齿轮机构，安装在马达输出轴的另一端侧和发动机驱动轴系统之间，包括：太阳轮，设置在马达输出轴的另一端侧；外齿轮，设置在发动机驱动轴系统中，与太阳轮之间的齿轮比成为1比1；多个行星齿轮，与太阳轮和外齿轮啮合；及行星架，取得该行星齿轮的公转运动；以及齿轮制动器，安装在行星架的一端侧，释放或固定该行星架。

Description

并行式混合动力车的动力传递机构
技术领域
本发明涉及一种混合动力车的动力传递机构，详细地说是涉及一种并用发动机和马达/发电机的动力的并行式混合动力车的动力传递机构。 
背景技术
如非专利文献1所公开的那样，当今在卡车等商用车中，为了降低发动机的负荷而实现燃料消耗率的提高，提出一种并行式混合动力系统：在起步时或上坡路行驶时等、对发动机施加负荷的行驶时，借助马达的助力。 
如图6所示，上述混合动力系统的驱动系统的排列为，按照发动机1、主离合器(单板离合器)3、马达(马达/发电机)5、变速器7以及主传动减速齿轮9的顺序，全部配置在同轴上。而且，在从主离合器3连接到变速器7的发动机驱动轴系统11上安装有马达5的转子13，在变速器7和主传动减速齿轮9之间连结有推进轴15。 
而且，上述混合动力系统为，在切断了离合器3的状态下，仅通过马达5的驱动力来进行起步，在规定车速(约5～6km/h前后)使发动机1和马达5的旋转同步，连接离合器3而仅通过发动机1开始行驶。 
而且构成为，在上坡路等施加负荷的行驶时，根据油门踏板的踏入量，进入并用了发动机1和马达5的高输出行驶，在减速、制动时，根据状况切断离合器3，使马达5反作用而施加与发动机制动相当的再生制动，将再生能量存储到电池中。 
但是，上述混合动力系统的动力传递机构具有的缺点为，在仅通过发动机1的驱动力行驶的情况下，由于安装在转子13上的磁铁的影响而会产生机械性的损失。此外，当为了抵消所述负荷损失而对马达5的定子17通电时，会产生新的电损失。 
另一方面，作为降低这种损失的混合动力系统的动力传递机构，在非专利文献2中公开有如下技术：如图7所示，将马达输出轴19构成为与发动机驱动轴系统11相独立，在该马达输出轴19和发动机驱动轴系统11之间安装有由爪形离合器构成的离合器机构21。
在先技术文献 
非专利文献 
非专利文献1：(株)铁道日本社发行《月刊自动车工学》2006年10月号47～49页 
非专利文献2：五十铃自动车(株)发行《五十铃技报》2005年113号66～69页 
发明内容
发明要解决的技术问题 
但是，为了顺畅地进行构成上述离合器机构21的爪形离合器的接合、切断，需要进行高精度的复杂的转速同步控制。 
此外，图7的混合动力系统的动力传递机构，假设了向2～3吨载重的小型卡车的安装，在向需要较大马达输出的大型卡车应用时，担心爪形离合器的强度不足以及耐久性的不足。 
本发明是鉴于上述情况而提出的，其目的在于提供一种并行式混合动力车的动力传递机构，能够进行顺畅的马达和发动机的输入输出动力的混合、分离，并且能够充分确保输入输出动力的混合、分离机构的强度，能够应用于载重量超过10吨的大型混合动力车。 
用于解决技术问题的手段 
为了实现所述目的，技术方案1的发明为一种并行式混合动力车的动力传递机构，将发动机、主离合器、马达/发电机、变速器以及主传动减速齿轮配置在同轴上，并用发动机和马达/发电机的动力，其特征在于，具备：上述马达/发电机的马达输出轴，能够与从上述主离合器连接到变速器的发动机驱动轴系统相独立地旋转；马达制动器，安装在上述马达输出轴的一端侧，将该马达输出轴释放或固定；行星齿轮机构，安装在上述马达输出轴的另一端侧和上述发动机驱动轴系统之间，该行星齿轮机构包括：太阳轮，设置在上述马达输出轴的另一端侧；外齿轮，设置在上述发动机驱动 轴系统中，与上述太阳轮之间的齿轮比成为1比1；多个行星齿轮，与上述太阳轮和外齿轮啮合；及行星架，取得该行星齿轮的公转运动；以及齿轮制动器，安装在上述行星架的一端侧，将该行星架释放或固定；通过使上述主离合器和齿轮制动器固定、使马达制动器释放，由此马达/发电机的驱动力从行星齿轮机构传递到发动机驱动轴系统而与发动机的驱动力混合，通过使上述主离合器和马达制动器释放、使齿轮制动器固定，由此仅马达/发电机的驱动力从发动机驱动轴系统传递到变速器，并且在车辆制动时，马达/发电机反作用而施加再生制动，通过使上述主离合器和马达制动器固定、使齿轮制动器释放，由此仅发动机的驱动力从发动机驱动轴系统传递到变速器。 
发明的效果： 
根据技术方案1的发明，由于在马达/发电机不动作时，马达输出轴固定而不旋转，因此与以往相比能够降低机械性损失、电损失，具有减轻发动机的负荷而燃料消耗率提高的优点。 
此外，由于使马达输出轴和发动机驱动轴系统之间的动力传递为始终啮合式的行星齿轮机构，因此能够顺畅地进行两轴之间的接合、断开，并且能够确保行星齿轮机构的充分的强度，所以能够应用于需要较大马达输出的大型卡车。 
附图说明
图1是技术方案1的第一实施方式的动力传递机构的示意结构图。 
图2是发动机和马达并用时的动力传递机构的示意结构图。 
图3是车辆仅基于马达驱动力行驶时的动力传递机构的示意结构图。 
图4是车辆仅基于发动机驱动力行驶时的动力传递机构的示意结构图。 
图5是技术方案1的第二实施方式的动力传递机构的示意结构图。 
图6是以往的动力传递机构的示意结构图。 
图7是以往的其他动力传递机构的示意结构图。 
具体实施方式
以下，根据附图对本发明的实施方式进行详细说明。 
图1至图4表示技术方案1的并行式混合动力车的动力传递机构的第一实施方式，与图6的以往例同样，本实施方式的混合动力系统的驱动系统的排列也是按照发动机21、主离合器(单板离合器)23、马达(马达/发电机)25、变速器27以及主传动减速齿轮29的顺序，全部配置在同轴上。而且，从主离合器23到变速器27为止连结有发动机驱动轴系统31，在变速器27和主传动减速齿轮19之间连结有推进轴33。 
此外，在图中，35为安装在马达25的转子37上的马达输出轴，与上述发动机驱动轴系统31相独立地构成，经由轴承能够旋转地支持在未图示的马达主体上。而且，在马达输出轴35的主离合器23侧的一端安装有马达制动器39，该马达制动器39使该马达输出轴35释放或固定。 
上述马达制动器39为，作为一个例子由如盘形制动器那样的构造构成，通过由未图示的制动垫等夹住设置在马达输出轴35上的制动盘41(马达制动器39的固定)，由此对马达输出轴35的旋转施加制动而固定马达输出轴35，此外，通过使制动垫等从制动盘41离开(马达制动器39的释放)，由此解除对马达输出轴35的制动。 
而且，在马达输出轴35的另一端侧和上述发动机驱动轴系统31之间设置有行星齿轮机构43。 
如图1所示，行星齿轮机构43包括：太阳轮45，设置在上述马达输出轴35的另一端侧；外齿轮47，与该太阳轮45对置地安装在发动机驱动轴系统31上；多个行星齿轮49，与上述太阳轮45和外齿轮47啮合；以及行星架51，取得该行星齿轮49的公转运动；太阳轮45和外齿轮47形成为如以往周知的差速器装置的左右一对差速侧齿轮那样的形状，使旋转半径相同、齿轮比设定为1比1。因此，如图所示，安装在行星架51上的行星齿轮49的旋转轴被配置成与马达输出轴35呈直角。 
另一方面，在上述行星架51的另一端侧设置有齿轮制动器53，该齿轮制动器53使该行星架51释放或固定而使行星齿轮49的公转释放或固定。 
与上述马达制动器39同样，齿轮制动器53作为一个例子也由如盘形制动器那样的构造构成，通过由未图示的制动垫等夹住设置在行星齿轮49 的另一端侧的制动盘55(齿轮制动器53的固定)，由此对行星架51的旋转施加制动而固定行星齿轮49的公转，此外，通过使制动垫等从制动盘55离开(齿轮制动器53的释放)，由此解除对行星架51的制动而使行星齿轮49恢复为能够公转。 
本实施方式的动力传递机构57如此地构成，接着对其动作进行说明。 
首先，例如图2所示那样，如果将主离合器23连接而进行“固定”，并由制动垫等夹住制动盘55而将齿轮制动器53(行星齿轮49)进行“固定”，并且使制动垫等从制动盘41离开而将马达制动器39(马达输出轴35)“释放”，则行星齿轮49的公转被限制而仅能够进行自转。 
结果，马达25和发动机驱动轴系统31被连接，马达25的驱动力从太阳轮45、行星齿轮49以及外齿轮47传递到发动机驱动轴系统31，成为在发动机21的驱动力中混合、并用了马达25的驱动力的所谓“马达满负荷(motor full)、发动机辅助”。 
此外，例如在不使用发动机21而仅通过马达25的驱动力来进行起步的情况下，如图3所示，如果将齿轮制动器53(行星架51)“固定”，将主离合器23切断，使制动垫等从制动盘41离开而将马达制动器39(马达输出轴35)“释放”，则行星齿轮49的公转被限制，因此仅马达25的驱动力经由太阳轮45、行星齿轮49以及外齿轮47从发动机驱动轴系统31传递到变速器，车辆仅通过马达25的驱动力来进行起步。而且，如果在规定车速如图2所示那样将主离合器23连接，则成为上述的“马达满负荷、发动机辅助”，在车辆的制动时，当从图2的状态如图3所示那样切断主离合器23时，来自轮胎59的转矩经由行星齿轮机构43输入马达25而使马达25反作用，因此施加与发动机制动相当的再生制动，再生能量被储藏到电池中。 
另一方面，如图4所示，如果将主离合器23连接而进行“固定”，并由制动垫等夹住制动盘41而将马达制动器39(马达输出轴35)进行“固定”，并且使制动垫等从制动盘55离开而将齿轮制动器53(行星架51)“释放”，则马达25停止，行星齿轮49在进行自转的同时进行公转，因此行星齿轮49和行星架51空转，车辆仅通过发动机21的驱动力来行驶。 
因此，根据是否为上坡路等对发动机21施加负荷的行驶状态等的状况，控制构件(未图示)如图2至图4那样将马达制动器39或齿轮制动器53释放或固定即可，例如在车辆开始行驶时，对电池容量和油门踏板的踏入量进行检测，并且，
[1]在由于坡道起步而油门踏板被较强地踏入、电池容量为充分的情况下，控制构件如果如图2那样使齿轮制动器53“固定”并使马达制动器39“释放”，则进入并用了发动机21和马达25的驱动力的高输出行驶。 
此外，例如， 
[2]在虽然由于坡道起步而油门踏板被较强地踏入、但驱动马达25的电池容量不充分的情况下，控制构件如果如图4那样使齿轮制动器53“释放”并使马达制动器39“固定”，则车辆仅通过发动机21的驱动力行驶。 
而且， 
[3]在由于为平坦道路上的起步、因此油门踏板被较轻地踏入而电池容量也充分的情况下，当控制构件如图3所示那样使齿轮制动器53“固定”并使马达制动器39“释放”时，如上所述，车辆仅通过马达25的驱动力来进行起步。而且，如果在规定车速如图2所示那样驾驶员将主离合器23连接，则成为图2所示的“马达满负荷、发动机辅助”，在车辆的制动时，当控制构件判断为电池容量不充分而从图2的状态如图3所示那样切断主离合器23时，对马达25施加与发动机制动相当的再生制动，再生能量被储藏到电池中。 
此外，检测制动踏板的踏入量，在制动踏板被较强地踏入时，控制构件将主离合器23、马达制动器39及齿轮制动器53操作为图3的状态，由此施加与脚制动和发动机制动相当的再生制动，车辆被紧急制动。 
如此，本实施方式，通过在如图4所示那样的马达25不动作时、使马达输出轴35固定的构造，由此与图6所示的以往例相比能够降低机械性损失、电损失，因此具有能够减轻发动机11的负荷而燃料消耗率提高的优点。 
此外，本实施方式，代替图7的由爪形离合器构成的离合器机构21，使马达输出轴35和发动机驱动轴系统31之间的动力传递为始终啮合式的行星齿轮机构43，所以能够顺畅地进行两轴35、31之间的接合、断开，并且能够确保行星齿轮机构43的充分的强度，所以能够应用于需要较大马达输出的大型卡车。 
另外，如上所述，上述实施方式，将行星齿轮机构43的太阳轮45和外齿轮47形成为如差速器装置的左右一对差速侧齿轮那样的形状，使旋转半径相同、使齿轮比为1比1，并且将安装在行星架51上的行星齿轮49的旋转轴配置成与马达输出轴35呈直角，但也可以如图5所示那样，使行星齿轮机构61的太阳轮63和外齿轮65成为齿轮比为1比1的直齿轮系统，并且使与两个齿轮63、65的双方啮合的行星齿轮67为直齿轮系统，将安装在行星架69上的行星齿轮67的旋转轴配置成与马达输出轴35平行。另外，其他构成与图1的实施方式相同，所以对相同构成赋予相同符号而省略说明。 
本实施方式的动力传递机构71如此构成，根据本实施方式，也能够与上述实施方式同样，能够实现所期望的目的，能够顺畅地进行马达输出轴35、发动机驱动轴系统31之间的接合、断开，并且能够确保行星齿轮机构61的充分的强度，所以能够应用于需要较大马达输出的大型卡车。 
符号说明： 
21发动机 
23主离合器 
25马达(马达/发电机) 
27变速器 
29主传动减速齿轮 
31发动机驱动轴系统 
33推进轴 
35马达输出轴 
37转子 
39马达制动器 
41、55制动盘 
43、61行星齿轮机构 
45、63太阳轮 
47、65外齿轮 
49、67行星齿轮 
51、69行星架 
53齿轮制动器 
57、71动力传递机构 
59轮胎 

Claims (1)

1.一种并行式混合动力车的动力传递机构，将发动机、主离合器、马达/发电机、变速器以及主传动减速齿轮配置在同轴上，并用发动机和马达/发电机的动力，其特征在于，
具备：
上述马达/发电机的马达输出轴，能够与从上述主离合器连接到变速器的发动机驱动轴系统相独立地旋转；
马达制动器，安装在上述马达输出轴的一端侧，将该马达输出轴释放或固定；
行星齿轮机构，安装在上述马达输出轴的另一端侧和上述发动机驱动轴系统之间，该行星齿轮机构包括：太阳轮，设置在上述马达输出轴的另一端侧；外齿轮，设置在上述发动机驱动轴系统中，与上述太阳轮之间的齿轮比成为1比1；多个行星齿轮，与上述太阳轮和外齿轮啮合；及行星架，取得该行星齿轮的公转运动；以及
齿轮制动器，安装在上述行星架的一端侧，将该行星架释放或固定，
通过使上述主离合器和齿轮制动器固定、使马达制动器释放，由此马达/发电机的驱动力从行星齿轮机构传递到发动机驱动轴系统而与发动机的驱动力混合，
通过使上述主离合器和马达制动器释放、使齿轮制动器固定，由此仅马达/发电机的驱动力从发动机驱动轴系统传递到变速器，并且在车辆制动时，马达/发电机反作用而施加再生制动，
通过使上述主离合器和马达制动器固定、使齿轮制动器释放，由此仅发动机的驱动力从发动机驱动轴系统传递到变速器。
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