CN110293838A - 用于在混合动力车辆中传递动力的设备和方法 - Google Patents

用于在混合动力车辆中传递动力的设备和方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110293838A
CN110293838A CN201910410535.9A CN201910410535A CN110293838A CN 110293838 A CN110293838 A CN 110293838A CN 201910410535 A CN201910410535 A CN 201910410535A CN 110293838 A CN110293838 A CN 110293838A
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China
Prior art keywords
motor
engine
gear
torque
planetary gear
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CN201910410535.9A
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English (en)
Inventor
J.M.L.洛
J.格罗玛德茨基
N.布雄
M.A.斯特兰格
V.伍
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GE Hybrid Technologies LLC
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GE Hybrid Technologies LLC
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Publication of CN110293838A publication Critical patent/CN110293838A/zh
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/28—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or type of power take-off
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/383—One-way clutches or freewheel devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
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    • B60K6/387—Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/40—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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Abstract

公开了一种用于在混合动力车辆中传递动力的设备和方法，所述混合动力车辆包括动力传动系，该动力传动系包括发动机并具有取力装置。所述设备包括可操作成产生转矩的电动机，该电动机联接成经动力传动系的取力装置传输起动转矩以用于起动发动机。

Description

用于在混合动力车辆中传递动力的设备和方法
本申请为2014年9月25日进入中国国家阶段的PCT申请“用于在混合动力车辆中传递动力的设备和方法”（申请号：201380016488.0，申请人：康威桑知识产权管理公司）的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明总体上涉及混合动力车辆，并且更具体地涉及用于在包括具有取力/动力输出（PTO，power take-off）联接器的动力传动系（powertrain）的混合动力车辆中传递动力的设备。
背景技术
具有用于向车辆供给运转动力的内燃发动机和电动机两者的混合动力车辆通常提供比运转动力由发动机独自供给的常规车辆高的运转效率。然而，存在与在现有车辆中加入混合动力驱动构件相关的显著增加的成本和复杂性，并且普遍需要对车辆进行实质性的重新设计。因此，依然需要用于在车辆中实现混合动力功能性的方法和设备。
发明内容
根据一个特定实施例，提供了一种用于向混合动力车辆传递动力的设备，该混合动力车辆包括动力传动系，该动力传动系包括发动机并具有取力装置。该设备包括可操作成产生转矩的电动机，该电动机联接成经动力传动系的取力装置传输起动转矩以用于起动发动机。
动力传动系还可包括变速器，并且取力装置可将起动转矩耦接（couple）到发动机和变速器中的一者。
动力传动系还可包括变速器并且该变速器可包括变矩器，该变矩器具有联接成从发动机输出轴接收由发动机产生的转矩的输入部，并且取力装置可联接成将起动转矩传输到发动机输出轴。
动力传动系还可包括变速器并且该变速器可包括变矩器，该变矩器具有联接成从发动机输出轴接收由发动机产生的转矩的输入部，该变矩器可操作成通过流体联接器将转矩传输到输出部，并且取力装置可联接成将起动转矩传输到变矩器的输出部，该变矩器还包括锁止离合器，该锁止离合器用于将变矩器的输入部机械地联接到变矩器的输出部以将起动转矩经变矩器传输到发动机。
锁止离合器可通过由利用发动机动力运转的流体泵提供的液压流体压力而被致动，并且还可包括液压蓄压器和电动液压泵中的一者，所述液压蓄压器可操作地构造成提供用于在起动发动机之前致动锁止离合器的液压流体压力，所述电动液压泵可操作地构造成提供用于在起动发动机之前致动锁止离合器的液压流体压力。
取力装置可包括取力离合器，该取力离合器可操作成在接合时将发动机起动转矩经取力装置传输到发动机。
取力离合器可通过由流体泵提供的液压流体压力而被致动，并且所述设备还可包括液压蓄压器和电动液压泵中的一者，所述液压蓄压器可操作地构造成提供用于在起动发动机之前致动取力离合器的液压流体压力，所述电动液压泵可操作地构造成提供用于在起动发动机之前致动取力离合器的液压流体压力。
取力离合器可包括电气地致动的离合器和机械地致动的离合器中的一者，并且用于致动离合器的动力可由不同于发动机的动力源提供。
所述设备可包括行星齿轮系统，该行星齿轮系统可操作成接收由电动机产生的转矩并且可选择性地构造成将起动转矩经取力联接器传输到发动机。
所述设备还可包括配置成选择性地在发动机与车辆的传动系（driveline）之间传输转矩的离合器，该离合器可操作成在接合时将发动机驱动转矩传输到传动系并且可操作成在发动机起动的同时使发动机与传动系分离。
离合器可包括超速离合器，该超速离合器可操作成在传动系的转速大于发动机的转速时使传动系与发动机分离。
动力传动系还可包括变速器，该变速器包括行星齿轮组，并且超速离合器可包括配置在变速器内并联接在行星齿轮组与传动系之间的超速离合器。
行星齿轮系统可包括太阳齿轮、齿圈、联接在太阳齿轮与齿圈之间的行星齿轮和联接到行星齿轮的行星架，并且电动机可联接到太阳齿轮，齿圈和行星架中的一者联接到发动机的取力联接器，而齿圈和行星架中的另一者联接到传动系，并且行星齿轮系统可构造成通过将行星齿轮系统构造成在禁止齿圈和行星架中的所述另一者旋转的同时将发动机起动转矩经齿圈和行星架中的所述一者传输到发动机而将起动转矩传输到发动机。
所述设备可包括制动器，该制动器可操作成被致动以禁止齿圈和行星齿轮中的所述另一者旋转。
离合器可包括三态离合器（three-way clutch），该三态离合器具有分离状态、用于在发动机与传动系之间传输转矩的接合状态和制动器被致动以禁止传动系旋转的制动状态。
动力传动系还可包括变速器，该变速器包括可操作成禁止变速器的输出轴旋转的变速器锁止装置，该变速器锁止装置可操作地构造成被接合以禁止齿圈和行星齿轮中的所述另一者旋转。
齿圈可联接到发动机的取力联接器，而行星架可联接到传动系并且还可包括可操作成禁止齿圈旋转的齿圈制动器。
行星齿轮系统可选择性地构造成从传动系接收转矩并在电动机构造成充当发电机时经行星齿轮系统将发电转矩传输到电动机以有利于电动机发电。
发电转矩可包括由发动机产生的转矩和经车辆的车轮耦接到传动系的再生转矩中的至少一者。
行星齿轮系统可包括太阳齿轮、齿圈、联接在太阳齿轮与齿圈之间的行星齿轮和联接到行星齿轮的行星架，并且电动机可联接到太阳齿轮，齿圈和行星架中的一者联接到传动系，行星齿轮系统可构造成通过禁止齿圈和行星架中的另一者的旋转来传输发电转矩以使发电转矩从传动系经太阳齿轮传输到电动机。
行星齿轮系统可选择性地构造成将由电动机产生的转矩的一部分作为电动机驱动转矩传输到传动系。
行星齿轮系统可选择性地构造成将电动机驱动转矩传输到传动系，同时将起动转矩经取力联接器传输到发动机以用于起动发动机。
行星齿轮系统可包括太阳齿轮、齿圈、联接在太阳齿轮与齿圈之间的行星齿轮和联接到行星齿轮的行星架，并且电动机可联接到太阳齿轮，齿圈和行星架中的一者联接到发动机的取力联接器，而齿圈和行星架中的另一者联接到传动系，行星齿轮系统可构造成允许齿圈和行星架两者同时旋转以同时将起动转矩经取力联接器传输到发动机并且将电动机驱动转矩传输到传动系。
所述设备还可包括用于传递用于运转辅助设备的动力的辅助动力输出部，并且行星齿轮系统可选择性地构造成接收由电动机产生的转矩并将该转矩传输到辅助动力输出部。
行星齿轮系统可包括太阳齿轮、齿圈、联接在太阳齿轮与齿圈之间的行星齿轮和联接到行星齿轮的行星架，并且电动机可联接到太阳齿轮，齿圈和行星架中的一者联接到辅助动力输出部，行星齿轮系统可选择性地构造成通过将行星齿轮系统构造成在禁止齿圈和行星架中的另一者旋转的同时经联接到辅助动力输出部的齿圈和行星架中的所述一者传输转矩而将从电动机接收的转矩传输到辅助动力输出部。
所述设备可包括用于传递用于运转辅助设备的动力的辅助动力输出部，并且发动机的取力联接器可操作成选择性地联接成一旦发动机已起动便向辅助动力输出部传输转矩。
行星齿轮系统可构造成从发动机的取力联接器接收由发动机产生的转矩并在电动机构造成作为发电机运转时将该转矩的至少一部分经行星齿轮系统传输到电动机以用于发电。
行星齿轮系统可包括太阳齿轮、齿圈、联接在太阳齿轮与齿圈之间的行星齿轮和联接到行星齿轮的行星架，电动机联接到太阳齿轮，并且齿圈和行星架中的一者联接成从发动机的取力联接器接收由发动机产生的转矩，行星齿轮系统可选择性地构造成通过禁止齿圈和行星架中的另一者旋转来将转矩从齿圈和行星架中的所述一者经太阳齿轮传输到电动机。
根据另一实施例，提供了一种用于在混合动力车辆中传递动力的方法，该混合动力车辆包括具有取力装置的动力传动系，该动力传动系包括发动机和变速器。该方法包括使电动机产生转矩以及将电动机联接成经动力传动系的取力装置传输起动转矩以用于起动发动机。
根据另一实施例，提供了一种用于在混合动力车辆中传递动力的方法，该混合动力车辆包括动力传动系，该动力传动系包括发动机并具有取力装置。该方法包括使电动机产生转矩，以及经动力传动系的取力装置耦接转矩的至少一部分以用于起动发动机。
动力传动系还可包括变速器并且耦接可包括将转矩的该部分耦接到发动机和变速器中的一者。
经取力装置耦接转矩的该部分可包括使可操作成将转矩的该部分经取力装置传输到发动机的取力离合器接合。
取力离合器可通过由流体泵提供的液压流体压力而被致动，并且该方法可包括蓄积用于在起动发动机之前致动取力离合器的液压流体压力和致动可操作地构造成提供用于在起动发动机之前致动取力离合器的液压流体压力的电动液压泵中的一者。
该方法可包括从车辆的传动系接收转矩以及在电动机构造成充当发电机时将发电转矩传输到电动机以有利于电动机发电。
传输发电转矩可包括传输由发动机产生的转矩和经车辆的车轮联接到传动系的再生转矩中的至少一者。
该方法可包括接收由电动机产生的转矩以及将转矩传输到用于传递用于运转辅助设备的动力的辅助动力输出部。
根据本发明的另一方面，提供了一种用于在混合动力车辆中传递动力的设备，该混合动力车辆包括传动系和动力传动系，该动力传动系包括发动机并具有取力装置。该设备包括电动机。该设备还包括齿轮箱，该齿轮箱可选择性地构造成经动力传动系的取力装置传输由电动机产生的起动转矩以用于起动发动机，并且将由电动机产生的驱动转矩传输到传动系以用于驱动车辆。
齿轮箱还可选择性地构造成从传动系接收转矩并且在电动机构造成充当发电机时将发电转矩传输到电动机以有利于电动机发电。
齿轮箱还可选择性地构造成接收由电动机产生的转矩并且将该转矩传输到用于传递用于运转辅助设备的动力的辅助动力输出部。
根据本发明的另一方面，提供了一种混合动力车辆设备。该设备包括动力传动系，该动力传动系包括发动机并具有取力装置，该动力传动系可操作成在动力传动系的输出轴处产生转矩。该设备还包括具有可操作成将驱动力传输到车辆的车轮的传动轴的传动系。该设备还包括用于在动力传动系的输出部与传动轴之间耦接转矩的至少一个离合器，和可操作成产生转矩的电动机。该电动机可操作成经动力传动系的取力装置传输起动转矩以用于起动发动机。
该动力传动系可包括联接在发动机与动力传动系的输出轴之间的变速器，并且取力装置可联接成将起动转矩经变速器传输到发动机。
根据本发明的另一方面，提供了一种用于将发动机起动转矩耦接到车辆动力传动系的取力装置的设备，所述取力装置具有可选择性地操作成经取力装置耦接动力的取力离合器。该设备包括可操作成产生起动转矩的电动机，和可操作成使取力离合器被接合以将起动转矩经取力装置传输到发动机的致动器。
离合器可通过液压流体压力而被致动，并且还可包括液压蓄压器和电动液压泵中的一者，所述液压蓄压器可操作地构造成提供用于在起动发动机之前致动离合器的液压流体压力，所述电动液压泵可操作地构造成提供用于在起动发动机之前致动离合器的液压流体压力。
电动机还可操作成将由电动机产生的转矩的一部分作为电动机驱动转矩传输到传动系。
在查阅下文结合附图对本发明的具体实施例的描述后，本发明的其它方面和特征对本领域的普通技术人员而言将变得显而易见。
附图说明
在示出本发明的实施例的附图中，
图1是根据本发明第一实施例的包括齿轮箱和电动机设备的混合动力车辆的示意图；
图2是图1所示的齿轮箱和电动机设备的示意图；
图3是用于图2所示的齿轮箱中的行星齿轮系统的透视图；
图4是配置在发动机驱动模式下的图2的设备的示意图；
图5是配置在电驱动模式下的图2的设备的示意图；
图6是配置在混合动力驱动模式下的图2的设备的示意图；
图7是构造成用于在车辆正移动时起动混合动力车辆的发动机的图2的设备的示意图；
图8是构造成用于在车辆静止时起动发动机的图2的设备的示意图；
图9是构造成用于在车辆静止时从发动机供给辅助动力的图2的设备的示意图；
图10是构造成用于在车辆正移动时从发动机供给辅助动力的图2的设备的示意图；
图11是构造成用于在车辆静止时从电动机供给辅助动力的图2的设备的示意图；
图12是根据本发明的一个替换实施例的设备的一个替换实施例的示意图；
图13是根据本发明的一个替换实施例的变速器的示意图；以及
图14是根据本发明的一个替换实施例的包括齿轮箱和电动机设备的混合动力车辆的示意图。
具体实施方式
参照图1，用100示意性地示出混合动力车辆。混合动力车辆100包括动力传动系101，动力传动系101包括发动机102，例如能够在发动机输出轴104处产生转矩的内燃发动机。动力传动系101还包括联接到发动机输出轴104的变速器106。变速器106包括变速器输出轴108并且还包括齿轮系（图1中未示出），该齿轮系可操作成将发动机输出轴104处由发动机102产生的输出速度和转矩变换为变速器输出轴108处的合适的速度和转矩范围以用于提供用于运转车辆100的动力。变速器106可被实施为手动或自动变速器。
车辆100还包括根据第一实施例的设备110，设备110包括齿轮箱112和电动机114。齿轮箱112具有输入部116，输入部116用于接收由发动机102产生并经变速器传输到变速器输出轴108的转矩。齿轮箱112还联接到传动系，该传动系在本实施例中包括传动轴118。
电动机114包括用于接收用于运转电动机以产生转矩的电力的电输入部120。在本实施例中，电动机114是交流（AC）电机并且AC电力在输入部120被接收。车辆100还包括具有用于接收直流（DC）电力的输入部164和用于产生AC电力的输出部166的DC-AC逆变器124。输出部166经由AC电力总线126连接到电动机114的输入部120。用于运转电动机的电力由蓄能元件122提供，蓄能元件122具有经由DC电力总线128连接到逆变器124的输入部164的端子168。逆变器124将在输入部164从蓄能元件122接收的DC电力变换为输出部166处的AC电力。在其它实施例中，电动机114可以是DC电机，这种情况下逆变器124通常将由DC-DC变换器代替，所述DC-DC变换器可操作成变换以蓄能元件电压（典型地，24V、48V或更高）接收的来自蓄能元件122的DC电力并产生合适电压的DC电力以用于运转DC电机。
车辆100还包括一对驱动轮130和132以及差速器134。车轮130和132通过车轴136联接到差速器134，并且传动轴118将驱动力经差速器134传输到车轮130和132。
在图1所示的实施例中，动力传动系101还包括取力装置（PTO）140，其具有用于联接辅助设备以接收由发动机102产生的转矩的PTO联接器141。许多常规工业和商用车辆配备有提供用于辅助设备如水泵、机械臂、压实器、自卸车货箱致动器和其它应用的运转动力的取力装置输出部。在车辆的PTO输出部处提供的运转动力通常可在输出轴联接器处获得并且可耦接到例如液压泵或发电机。在图1所示的实施例中，PTO 140包括安装在变速器106上的壳体139，但在其它实施例中PTO可位于发动机上。PTO联接器141通常呈有利于联接到辅助设备的花键轴的形式。
齿轮箱112还包括输入/输出部142，并且车辆100还包括联接在PTO联接器141与输入/输出部142之间的PTO轴144。输入/输出部142可包括有利于联接到PTO轴144的轴。在本实施例中，齿轮箱112还包括具有用于联接附属设备以从车辆100接收所取出动力的辅助输出轴148的辅助输出部146。
车辆100还包括用于控制车辆的运转的控制器150，控制器150包括多个输入/输出（I/O）端口。控制器150包括用于从与发动机102的运转相关的传感器接收信号并用于将信号传输到发动机以控制发动机运转的I/O端口152。控制器150还包括用于从变速器106接收信号并用于传输信号以控制变速器的运转的I/O端口154。控制器150还包括用于从PTO 140接收信号并用于向PTO传输信号以用于控制PTO操作的I/O端口156，和用于从齿轮箱112接收信号并用于传输信号以用于控制运转和/或配置齿轮箱的I/O端口158。控制器150还包括用于从逆变器124接收信号并用于将控制信号传输到逆变器的I/O端口160。在本实施例中，逆变器124还与电动机114直接通信以从与电动机的运转相关的传感器接收信号（例如表示例如电动机的转速的信号）。逆变器124从电动机114接收传感器信号并通过控制提供给输入部120的AC电力来控制电动机的运转以使电动机产生期望转矩。控制器150还包括用于从蓄能元件122接收信号如充电状态信号、电流和电压极限、和/或功率极限的I/O端口162。
在本实施例中，控制器150被显示为单个集成式控制器，但在一些实施方案中，控制器功能可分布在多个不同的控制器之间，所述控制器可位于例如发动机102、电动机114、变速器106、齿轮箱112、PTO 140、蓄能元件122和/或逆变器124中的任何一者中。
在所示的实施例中，电动机114也可构造成充当发电机，这种情况下输入部120可充当用于在AC电力总线126上产生AC电力的电力输出部。在本实施例中，逆变器124可实施为双向逆变器，该双向逆变器响应于在I/O端口160处产生的控制信号以将逆变器配置成在输出部166处接收AC输入电力并在输入部164处产生DC电力。DC电力可提供给蓄能元件122以用于充电或者可用于运转其它附件。例如，车辆100可包括用于给AC电路电压输出口提供110V或220V的电力以给电气设备或其它器具供电的辅助电源。
在图1所示的实施例中，设备110的齿轮箱112包括行星齿轮系统138。电动机114可操作成产生转矩，而行星齿轮系统138可操作成接收由电动机产生的转矩并且可选择性地构造成将起动转矩经输入/输出部142和轴144传输到PTO 140以用于起动发动机102。
设备110和变速器106在图2中更详细地示出。参照图2，齿轮箱112包括壳体210，并且行星齿轮系统138被示出位于该壳体内。组成行星齿轮系统138的齿轮和离合器在图2中被示意性地表示并在图3中用透视图示出。参照图3，行星齿轮系统138包括太阳齿轮222、齿圈224和联接到多个行星齿轮228的行星架226。在本实施例中，行星齿轮系统138包括三个行星齿轮228，但在其它实施例中，可存在更大数量的行星齿轮或者可仅存在单个或一对行星齿轮。行星齿轮228联接在太阳齿轮222与齿圈224之间。齿圈224还包括制动面230和齿圈制动器232，齿圈制动器232在本实施例中被实施为具有用于增加制动器的保持能力的多个板220的多片式制动器。齿圈制动器232可操作成例如被电气地致动或通过液压流体压力而被致动以与制动面230接合，从而禁止齿圈旋转以在太阳齿轮222与行星架226之间传输转矩。控制器150（在图1中示出）可操作成在I/O端口158处产生齿圈制动器控制信号以用于控制齿圈制动器232的接合状态。
返回参照图2，在所示的实施例中，行星架226联接到传动轴118并且齿轮箱112还包括用于禁止传动轴118旋转的传动系制动器234。传动系制动器234包括制动面236和制动器238，制动器238可操作成被选择性地接合以禁止传动轴118和行星架226旋转。当传动系制动器234处于制动状态下时，行星架226被禁止旋转并且转矩在太阳齿轮222与齿圈224之间传输。控制器150（在图1中示出）也可操作成在I/O端口158处产生传动系制动器控制信号以用于控制传动系制动器234的接合状态。例如，传动系制动器234可被电气地制动或通过液压流体压力而被致动。液压流体压力可由液压压力发生器如电动液压泵、机械致动的液压泵产生，或通过连接到变速器106以接收变速器中产生的液压流体压力而产生。另外，液压流体发生器可包括如后文结合图13所述的蓄压器，该蓄压器用于在发动机未运行时运转齿轮箱112中的离合器和制动器。
电动机114包括使用电机壳体204封装的转子200和定子202。转子200联接到空心轴206，空心轴206包括尺寸确定成收纳传动轴118的钻孔208。定子202被旋转地固定在电机壳体204内。在一个实施例中，转子200可以是永磁体转子并且定子202可以是绕线定子，这种情况下用于运转电动机114的AC电流从AC电力总线126在输入部120处供给到定子。当使电动机114作为发电机运转时，转矩经由空心轴206被接收而使转子200旋转并且AC输出电流由定子202在因而充当输出部的输入部120处产生。在其它实施例中，电动机114可以是例如通过电磁感应运转的具有绕线定子和转子的感应电动机。
所示实施例中的齿轮箱112的壳体210与电机壳体204接口，使得空心轴206延伸到齿轮箱壳体中并且联接到太阳齿轮222以在电动机114与太阳齿轮之间传输转矩。电动机114因而机械地联接成向行星齿轮系统138的太阳齿轮222供给转矩。
在图2所示的实施例中，变速器106是自动变速器并且包括联接在发动机输出轴104与变速器行星齿轮组239之间的变矩器240。变速器行星齿轮组239可操作成将发动机输出轴104处由发动机102产生的输出速度和转矩变换为用于提供用于运转车辆100的动力的合适的速度和转矩范围。一般而言，变速器行星齿轮组230可包括呈太阳齿轮、齿圈和行星齿轮的各种构型的多于一个行星齿轮组，取决于例如车辆100的具体实施方案、要求性能和质量。在本实施例中，变速器106还包括联接在变速器行星齿轮组239与变速器输出轴108之间的至少一个超速离合器241，例如斜撑离合器。当变速器输出轴108的转速大于变速器行星齿轮组239的输出部处的转速时，超速离合器241有效地使行星齿轮组与变速器输出轴分离。例如，在车辆100正下坡滑行并且车辆100的车轮130、132使传动轴118和因而变速器输出轴108比变速器行星齿轮组239的输出部更快地旋转时，将出现这种状态。超速离合器通常在变速器中实施，以例如通过在车辆滑行时去除发动机拖曳转矩来改善车辆100的驾驶性能。变速器106通常还将包括诸如变速器流体泵以及变速器的运转所需的各种其它离合器和带（图2中未示出）之类的构件。
在另一实施例中，超速离合器241的功能可由常规离合器提供，或者超速离合器和传动系制动器234的功能可由代替传动系制动器的三态离合器（未示出）提供。三态离合器将有利于在处于被接合状态时选择性地联接在传动轴118与变速器输出轴108之间以向传动轴118传输转矩。在分离状态下，三态离合器将使传动系118与变速器输出轴108分离。在第三制动状态下，三态离合器将实施传动系制动器234的制动功能，以禁止传动轴118和行星架226旋转。
在本实施例中，PTO 140包括多个PTO齿轮242，这些PTO齿轮242联接到发动机输出轴104以接收发动机输出转矩。在所示的实施例中，PTO 140包括用于使PTO联接器141的旋转方向与发动机输出轴104的旋转方向相反的三个齿轮。在其它实施例中，可包括较少齿轮或附加齿轮系以将转矩经PTO 140传输到PTO联接器141。PTO 140还包括PTO离合器244，其可操作成接合以将转矩传输到PTO联接器141和因而传输到PTO轴144。PTO离合器244可响应于I/O端口156（在图1中示出）处由控制器150产生的PTO离合器控制信号而被液压地或电气地致动。
在许多常规PTO构型中，PTO齿轮242将由发动机102产生的转矩经PTO离合器244传输到PTO 140。然而，在图2所示的本发明的实施例中，PTO 140还可操作成在PTO联接器141处接收转矩并且将该转矩经PTO离合器244和PTO齿轮242传输到发动机输出轴104。PTO输出部设置在许多商用和工业车辆中，不过构型和齿轮系可与图2中在140处所示的构型和齿轮系不同。
齿轮箱112的输入/输出部142可供用于将PTO轴144联接在PTO 140的PTO联接器141与齿轮箱之间。齿轮箱112还包括联接成从齿圈224接收转矩并向齿圈传输转矩的链轮246。链轮246联接到链轮轴254。齿轮箱112的辅助输出部146包括辅助输出离合器248，该辅助输出离合器构造成将转矩从链轮轴254传输到辅助输出轴148。在本实施例中，链轮246还用于使链轮轴和辅助输出轴148具有与传动轴118的旋转方向相反的旋转方向。在其它实施例中，发动机和传动轴旋转能以其它方式配置，并且链轮246可被实施为多个齿轮以提供辅助输出轴148的期望旋转方向。
在图2所示的实施例中，齿轮箱112包括超速离合器250和并行联接在链轮轴254与输入/输出部142之间的旁路离合器252。旁路离合器252在图2中被显示为多片式离合器，不过可实施其它类型的离合器代替多片式离合器。当旁路离合器252分离时，超速离合器250可供用于从链轮轴254经由输入/输出部142向PTO轴144传输转矩以用于起动发动机102，同时防止转矩从发动机传送回到链轮246，类似于上文结合超速离合器241所述的操作。旁路离合器252在被接合时可供用于输入/输出部142与链轮轴254之间在两个方向上的转矩传送，如后文所述。
在运转中，行星齿轮系统138、齿圈制动器232、传动系制动器234、PTO离合器244、超速离合器250和旁路离合器252有利于由控制器150以如下文更详细所述的多种不同模式选择性地配置齿轮箱112。
发动机驱动模式
参照图4，设备110被示出为配置在机械动力由发动机102产生的发动机驱动模式下。在该运转模式下，发动机输出轴104处由发动机102产生的转矩如箭头线400所示经变矩器240、变速器行星齿轮组239和超速离合器241传输到变速器输出轴108。在齿轮箱输入部116处接收的转矩400因而经齿轮箱112传输到传动轴118上以用于向车辆100提供驱动力，如箭头线402所示。
在所示的实施例中，齿轮箱112中的行星架226联接到传动轴118，并且因而提供给传动轴的转矩也使多个行星齿轮228旋转。在本实施例中，控制器150（在图1中示出）还可在I/O端口158处产生齿圈制动器控制信号，以使齿圈制动器232与齿圈224的制动面230接合而禁止齿圈旋转。在这些条件下，传动轴118处的转矩的一部分传输到行星架226和多个行星齿轮228，并经太阳齿轮222传输到空心轴206以向电动机114提供用于发电的发电转矩。发电转矩可由发动机102供给或通过再生制动提供，其中车辆的动能经车轮130和132、车轴136和差速器134（在图1中示出）传输到传动轴118。与发电转矩相关的动力流用虚箭头线404表示。在本实施例中，电动机114充当用于在输入部120（其充当发电机输出部）处产生电力的发电机。所产生的电力被馈送回逆变器124以用于对蓄能元件122充电。对于具有永磁体转子200的电动机114而言，定子202在电输入部120处产生AC电流并且逆变器124构造成在逆变器输出部166处接收AC电力总线126上的电力。为了中止电动机114的发电，逆变器124构造成停止从AC电力总线126取电并且由于转子200的旋转而引起的任何负荷于是被有效地去除，风阻和摩擦效应除外。
电动机114的转速可由于机械限制和/或电动机在高转速下产生反电动势（EMF）而受到最大转速限制。在高车速状态下，传动轴118使行星架226以及因而太阳齿轮222和转子200以相应的高转速旋转并且这些电动机限制可发挥作用，从而使得有必要例如通过将逆变器124配置成在AC电力总线126上取电来限制电动机114的转速。
替换地或附加地，在不需要或不希望发电的实施例中，齿圈制动器232可保持处于分离状态下，从而允许太阳齿轮222和齿圈224两者旋转。在这些条件下，行星架226的转速将在太阳齿轮222与齿圈224之间分割，从而使电动机114的转子200根据这些齿轮存在的惯性、摩擦和其它负荷以降低的转速旋转。
电驱动模式
参照图5，设备110被示出为配置在用于运转车辆100的动力由电动机114提供的电驱动模式下。在该运转模式下，逆变器124（在图1中示出）在AC电力总线126上提供励磁电流，该励磁电流在电动机114的输入部120处被接收，从而使转子200旋转以产生电动机转矩。电动机转矩经空心轴206传输到太阳齿轮222。控制器150（在图1中示出）也在I/O端口158处产生齿圈制动器控制信号，以使齿圈制动器232与齿圈224的制动面230接合而禁止齿圈旋转。当齿圈224的旋转被禁止时，经空心轴206传输到太阳齿轮222的电动机转矩经多个行星齿轮228传输到行星架226，并因而传输到传动轴118。电驱动模式下的动力流在图5中用箭头线500表示。在这些条件下，电动机114构造成将驱动力传递到传动轴118以驱动车辆100的车轮130和132。
当车辆100正在减速或下坡滑行时，将不需要传动轴118上的转矩，这种情况下电动机114可配置在再生制动模式下。在再生制动模式下，电动机114构造成充当发电机，如上所述。车辆的动能经车轮130和132、车轴136和差速器134（在图1中示出）传输到传动轴118，并且发电转矩经由行星齿轮系统138和空心轴206在转子200处被接收。逆变器124（在图1中示出）构造成从AC电力总线126取电，从而使转子200充当传动轴118上的负荷以用于维持或降低车辆100的速度，同时提供用于对DC电力总线128上的蓄能元件122充电的电力。
在所示的实施例中，超速离合器241防止转矩从传动轴118传输回到变速器106的变速器行星齿轮组239和变矩器240。类似地，当从图4所示的发动机驱动模式过渡到电驱动模式时，控制器150（在图1中示出）在I/O端口152处产生发动机控制信号以使发动机停止并且超速离合器241防止转矩从传动轴118传输回到变速器行星齿轮组239和变矩器240。对于汽油发动机而言，在I/O端口152处产生的发动机控制信号可使与发动机相关的点火系统被禁用以使发动机停止，而对于柴油发动机而言，发动机控制信号可控制通向发动机的燃料流。
混合动力驱动模式
参照图6，设备110被示出为配置在用于运转车辆100的动力由发动机102和电动机114两者提供的混合动力驱动模式下。发动机输出轴104处由发动机102产生的转矩如箭头线600所示经变矩器240、变速器行星齿轮组239和超速离合器241传输到变速器输出轴108。在齿轮箱输入部116处从变速器输出轴108接收的转矩600因而经齿轮箱112传输到传动轴118上以用于向车辆100提供驱动力的第一部分，如箭头线602所示。
逆变器124还在AC电力总线126上提供励磁电流，从而使电动机114产生经空心轴206传输到太阳齿轮222的电动机转矩。控制器150（在图1中示出）在I/O端口158处产生齿圈制动器控制信号，以使齿圈制动器232与齿圈224的制动面230接合从而禁止齿圈旋转，使得电动机转矩经多个行星齿轮228传输到行星架226并因而传输到传动轴118。从电动机114到传动轴118的动力流用箭头线604示出，而由于由电动机114和发动机102各自产生的转矩而引起的组合动力流用箭头线606表示。
在传动轴118处分别从发动机102和电动机114接收的驱动力的第一和第二部分传输到车轮130和132（在图1中示出）以用于驱动车辆100。控制器150还构造成例如根据当前车辆运转状态如车速、期望加速度、所跨越的地形的坡度以及燃料和蓄能元件相对效率和/或成本而在发动机102与电动机114之间分配车辆100所需的驱动力。与在电驱动模式下一样，当车辆100正在减速或下坡滑行时，电动机114可配置在如上所述的再生制动模式下。
在诸如图1所示的两轮驱动车辆中，对于上述常规驱动模式、电驱动模式和混合动力驱动模式各者而言，来自传动轴118的驱动转矩传输到从动轮130和132。在四轮驱动车辆实施例中，传动轴118处的转矩的一部分将经分动箱（未示出）传输以向车辆的其余一对齿轮提供转矩。四轮驱动实施例因而也将适用于上文公开的各驱动模式。在一个实施例中，设备110可结合在四轮驱动车辆的分动箱中，以在单个分动箱/混合动力动力传动系单元中提供混合动力驱动元件和四轮驱动元件两者。
在移动时的发动机起动
在上述发动机驱动模式和混合动力驱动模式下，假设发动机102正在运行并产生用于运转车辆100的驱动转矩的至少一部分。大部分车辆和许多混合动力车辆中通常包括单独的起动机以用于起动发动机。但在图1所示的车辆实施例中，未设置起动机并且利用由电动机114产生的起动转矩并通过将行星齿轮系统138、传动系制动器234、齿圈制动器232、旁路离合器252和PTO离合器244配置成使起动转矩耦接回到发动机102来起动发动机102。
参照图7，设备110被示出为配置成用于发动机起动，其中车辆100首先在如上文结合图5所述的电动车辆模式下利用由电动机114提供的动力而移动。在电驱动模式下，齿圈制动器232被接合以使由电动机114产生的转矩经多个行星齿轮228和行星架226传输到传动轴118。控制器150（在图1中示出）通过在I/O端口156处产生PTO离合器控制信号以使PTO离合器244被接合来引发发动机起动。控制器150还在I/O端口158处产生控制信号以使旁路离合器252分离。控制器150然后在I/O端口158处产生齿圈制动器控制信号以使齿圈制动器232与齿圈224的制动面230分离而允许齿圈旋转。在这些条件下，行星架226继续如箭头线700所示将由电动机114产生的转矩的驱动部分传输到传动轴118。然而，用箭头线702示出的电动机转矩的起动部分也传输到齿圈224，经链轮246和超速离合器250传输到输入/输出部142，并经PTO轴144传输到PTO联接器141。在PTO联接器141处接收的起动转矩经PTO离合器244和多个PTO齿轮242传输到发动机输出轴104以使发动机起转（cranking）。有利地，在本实施例中，变速器106的构型具有联接到发动机输出轴104的PTO 140并且因而起动转矩不经过变矩器240。一般而言，变矩器被优化成提供转矩在一个方向上（例如，在发动机输出轴104与变速器行星齿轮组239之间）的高效耦接并且通常提供转矩在反方向上的低效耦接，这在电动机转矩的起动部分要经变矩器240耦接到发动机输出轴104的情况下将引起明显的机械损失。
由电动机114产生的电动机转矩因而经行星齿轮系统138传输到齿圈224和行星架226两者。为了提供充分的起动转矩，控制器150可在I/O端口160处产生逆变器控制信号以使电动机114产生增大的转矩，从而提供必要的起动转矩。在一个实施例中，控制器150（在图1中示出）可构造成仅在I/O端口152处产生发动机控制信号以用于一旦判定为通过I/O端口152监视的发动机102的转速足以起动发动机便使发动机起动。
当发动机102开始产生转矩时，转矩经变矩器240、变速器行星齿轮组239和超速离合器241耦接到传动轴118。发动机102可在起动时经历瞬时超速状态并且超速离合器250起作用以便使经PTO联接器141反馈到输入/输出部142的转矩脱耦，从而减小传输到齿轮箱112的潜在的高瞬时负荷。在一个实施例中，控制器150可通过在I/O端口152处监视发动机的速度以检测瞬时超速状态来检测发动机起动，此后控制器150在I/O端口158处产生齿圈制动器控制信号以使齿圈制动器232被接合，使得来自电动机114的转矩再次仅传输到传动轴118。在其它实施例中，可通过控制器150监视其它运转条件如电动机速度来确定发动机起动。控制器150还在I/O端口156处产生PTO控制信号以使PTO离合器244分离。
车辆100的驱动模式然后可通过根据如上文分别参考图4和图6所述的相应模式配置行星齿轮系统138、传动系制动器234、齿圈制动器232和PTO离合器244而过渡到发动机驱动模式或混合动力驱动模式。
在静止时的发动机起动
参照图8，设备110被示出为配置成用于静止的发动机起动，其中在起动时车辆100不移动并且起动转矩由电动机114提供。控制器150（在图1中示出）通过以下方式来引发起动：在I/O端口158处产生传动系制动器控制信号以使传动系制动器234的制动器238与制动面236接合而将传动系制动器234置于制动状态下，使得传动轴118和行星架226被禁止旋转。在这些条件下，防止了车辆100移动。控制器150也在I/O端口156处产生PTO离合器控制信号以使PTO离合器244被接合以传输转矩。控制器150然后在I/O端口158处产生齿圈制动器控制信号以使齿圈制动器232与齿圈224的制动面230分离而允许齿圈旋转。控制器150还在I/O端口160处产生控制信号以使逆变器124在AC电力总线126上提供励磁电流，从而使电动机114产生经空心轴206传输到太阳齿轮222的起动转矩。在这些条件下，由电动机114产生的起动转矩经齿圈224传输到链轮246和链轮轴254。链轮轴254上的起动转矩经超速离合器250传输到输入/输出部142，并经PTO轴144传输到PTO联接器141。在PTO联接器141处接收的起动转矩经PTO离合器244和多个PTO齿轮242传输到发动机输出轴104以用于使发动机起转。由于传动轴118由传动系制动器234保持在被制动状态下，故由电动机114产生的全部转矩经行星齿轮系统138耦接到PTO轴144并因而耦接到发动机102以用于起动。
最后，控制器150也构造成在I/O端口152处产生发动机控制信号以使发动机点火被启动而起动发动机。与在图8的实施例中一样，控制器150可构造成仅在I/O端口152处产生发动机控制信号以一旦判定为通过I/O端口152监视的发动机102的转速足以起动发动机便使发动机起动。当发动机102起动时，由发动机产生的转矩耦接到变矩器240和PTO 140两者。在传动系制动器234被接合时，变速器输出轴108被禁止旋转并且在低发动机速度下提供给变矩器240的转矩将在变矩器内消耗。然而，在较高的发动机速度下，发动机将易于失速并且相应地控制器150可在I/O端口154处产生控制信号以使变速器行星齿轮组239配置在转矩不传输到变速器输出轴108的空档状态下。一旦控制器150判定为发动机102已起动，控制器便产生控制信号以中止发动机的起转。
替换地，如果希望过渡到如上文结合图4所述的发动机驱动模式，则控制器150在I/O端口156处产生PTO离合器控制信号以使PTO离合器244分离并在I/O端口158处产生传动系制动器信号以使传动系制动器234分离。
静止的车辆起动对于发动机转矩要用于非驱动目的的运转、例如提供辅助输出动力或对蓄能元件122充电非常实用。
发动机PTO和静止时的发电模式
参照图9，当发动机102已起动时，例如上文结合图8所述，设备110的齿轮箱112还可构造成在车辆100静止的状态下在辅助输出部146处提供PTO动力。在此模式下，动力由发动机102提供并且控制器150（在图1中示出）在I/O端口160处产生控制信号以使逆变器通过从电输入部120去除励磁电流来中止产生电动机转矩。PTO壳体139中的PTO离合器244保持接合并且传动系制动器234保持在制动状态下，使得传动轴118被禁止旋转并且车辆100保持静止。在这些条件下，由发动机102产生的转矩从发动机输出轴104经PTO齿轮242、PTO离合器244传输到PTO联接器141，并经PTO轴144传输到齿轮箱输入/输出部142。控制器150在I/O端口158处产生控制信号以使旁路离合器252分离，使得转矩传输到链轮轴254，从而绕开超速离合器250。在本实施例中，控制器150还在I/O端口158处产生离合器控制信号以使辅助输出离合器248接合并且转矩因而传输到辅助输出部146的辅助输出轴148。由发动机102提供的动力因而可在辅助输出部146处获得以用于运转附件，如箭头线900所示。
在图9所示的实施例中，由于齿圈制动器232构造成允许齿圈244在行星架226处于制动状态下时旋转，故用虚箭头线902示出的转矩的一部分经多个行星齿轮228传输到太阳齿轮222，从而使转子200旋转。通过将逆变器124配置成从电输入部120接收AC电力总线126上的电流，电动机114可配置为用于对蓄能元件122充电或为电气附件和/或电气设备供电的发电机。替换地，当逆变器不从AC电力总线126取电时，轴206上的唯一负荷归咎于转子200的风阻效应、电动机114和行星齿轮系统138中的摩擦损失以及设备110中的其它机械损失。相应地，在发动机PTO模式下，也可发生静止的发电，并且如果辅助输出离合器248分离，则发动机产生的所有转矩都可传输到电动机114以用于发电目的。
在移动时的发动机PTO
参照图10，变速器106有利于PTO在车辆100正以图4所示的发动机驱动模式移动时的同时运转。在此模式下，动力由发动机102提供并且控制器150（在图1中示出）在I/O端口160处产生控制信号以使逆变器124通过从电输入部120去除励磁电流来中止产生电动机转矩。控制器150在I/O端口156处产生PTO离合器控制信号以使PTO壳体139中的PTO离合器244被接合，并在I/O端口158处产生控制信号以使辅助输出离合器248被接合。传动系制动器234将分离以允许传动轴118在车辆100移动时旋转。
在这些条件下，由发动机102产生的转矩从发动机输出轴104经PTO齿轮242、PTO离合器244传输到PTO联接器141，并经PTO轴144传输到齿轮箱输入/输出部142。控制器150还在I/O端口158处产生控制信号以使旁路离合器252接合而绕开超速离合器250，使得转矩传输到链轮轴254，并经辅助输出离合器248传输到辅助输出轴148，如箭头线1000所示。
同时，发动机转矩经变矩器240、变速器行星齿轮组239和超速离合器241传输到变速器输出轴108，如箭头线1002所示。在齿轮箱输入部116处接收的转矩因而经齿轮箱112传输到传动轴118上以用于向车辆100提供驱动力。
在该模式下，电动机114的转子200经太阳齿轮222和行星架226联接到旋转的传动轴118，而齿圈224联接到旋转的链轮246，这可使转子对最大车速加以限制。电动机114也可构造成如上文结合图4和图9的实施例所述接收发电转矩，或电动机可构造成如上文结合图6的实施例所述产生驱动转矩。
在静止时的电动PTO模式
参照图11，在一个替换运转实施例中，设备110可构造成使电动机114在车辆100静止且发动机102未运行时在辅助输出部146处提供PTO动力。在此模式下，控制器150（在图1中示出）在I/O端口156处产生PTO离合器控制信号以使PTO离合器244配置在分离状态下。控制器150在I/O端口158处产生传动系制动器控制信号以使传动系制动器234的制动器238与制动面236接合，从而禁止传动轴118和行星架226旋转。控制器150也在I/O端口158处产生齿圈制动器控制信号以使齿圈制动器232与齿圈224的制动面230分离而允许齿圈旋转。控制器150也产生逆变器控制信号以使逆变器124向电输入部120提供励磁电流，从而使电动机114产生转矩，该转矩经空心轴206传输到太阳齿轮222。由于行星架226被禁止旋转，故转矩传输到齿圈224，齿圈224进而将该转矩传输到链轮246和链轮轴254，经辅助输出离合器248传输到辅助输出部146，如箭头线1100所示。控制器150也可在I/O端口158处产生旁路离合器控制信号，以使旁路离合器252分离，从而去除由PTO轴144产生的负荷。
替换的行星齿轮构型
参照图12，齿轮箱和设备的一个替换实施例大致以1200示出。在本实施例中，发动机102、变速器106和电动机114类似于图2所示的实施例构成。电动机114也保持经空心轴206联接到太阳齿轮222。然而，在本实施例中，行星齿轮系统138构造成使得行星架226经一对链轮1204和1206联接到中间轴1210。中间轴1210经超速离合器1212和旁路离合器1214联接到齿轮箱112的输入/输出部1216。行星架226也未如图2的实施例中那样联接到传动轴118，而是一联接器1208在齿圈224与传动轴之间传输转矩。还包括链轮1206，以使中间轴1210的旋转方向与链轮1204的旋转方向相反。
在其它实施例中，行星齿轮系统138可替换地构成并且可包括比图2和图12所示更复杂的齿轮构型。
在所示的实施例中，辅助输出部1218被示出处于齿轮箱112上替换图2所示位置的位置。辅助输出部1218位于齿轮箱112的与输入/输出部1216相同的一侧并且包括联接到输入/输出部的第一链轮1220。辅助输出部1218还包括第二链轮1222和用于将转矩从第一链轮1220传输到第二链轮的链条1224。第二链轮1222联接成将转矩经辅助输出离合器1226传输到辅助输出轴1228。辅助输出部1218的运转大致如上文结合图4-11所示的实施例所述，并且可代替这些实施例中的辅助输出部146实施。
替换的变速器实施例
在另一实施例中，图1所示的动力传动系101可包括如图13中用1300所示构成的替换变速器。参照图13，变速器1300包括变矩器1302、流体泵1304、变速器行星齿轮组1306、超速离合器1308和PTO 1310。
变矩器1302在图13中被示意性地示出并且包括联接到变矩器壳体1314的泵轮1312，壳体联接成随发动机输出轴104旋转。泵轮1312因而充当用于从发动机输出轴104接收转矩的输入部。流体泵1304联接到壳体1314并随泵轮1312旋转，从而使流体泵产生用于运转变速器1300内的各种离合器和其它液压致动器的液压流体压力。变矩器1302还包括涡轮1316，涡轮1316联接到将转矩从涡轮传输到变速器行星齿轮组1306的变矩器输出轴1318。一般而言，变矩器还包括导轮（未示出），该导轮在泵轮1312与涡轮1316之间再定向流体以使转矩倍增。在运转中，通过旋转的泵轮1312循环的变速器流体流经涡轮1316以通过泵轮与涡轮之间和因而发动机输出轴104与变矩器输出轴1318之间的流体耦接来传输转矩。变矩器1302还包括位于泵轮1312与涡轮1316之间的锁止离合器1320。锁止离合器1320可在接合时操作成锁定泵轮1312和涡轮1316的相应旋转以更有效地经变矩器传送转矩。通常，锁止离合器1320将利用由流体泵1304提供的液压流体压力液压地致动，但在其它实施例中，锁止离合器1320可被电气地致动或以其它方式被致动。
在本实施例中，PTO 1310包括联接到变矩器输出轴1318的多个齿轮1322。PTO1310还包括PTO离合器1324，PTO离合器1324在本实施例中利用由流体泵1304提供的液压流体压力而被液压地致动。在其它实施例中，PTO离合器1324可被电气地或以其它方式致动。
诸如变矩器1302之类的变矩器通常构造成提供在一个方向上（即在发动机输出轴104与变矩器输出轴1318之间）的相对高效的转矩传输，而在反方向上的转矩传输通常非常低效。由于经轴144传递到PTO 1310的起动转矩将经变矩器1302联接到发动机输出轴104，故流体耦接状态下的起动转矩传送将因而是低效的。有利地，使锁止离合器1320接合显著提高了向发动机输出轴104传输起动转矩的效率。然而，在图13所示的实施例中，流体泵1304仅在发动机102正运转时才操作成产生液压压力，且因而离合器致动仅在轴1318正旋转时才可实现。在常规运转下这没有问题，因为锁止离合器1320通常在流体泵1304以额定压力运转时仅在较高的发动机速度下才被致动。另外，PTO离合器1324也可仅在液压压力由流体泵1304产生时才被接合，并且因而起动转矩仅在液压压力由流体泵1304提供时才可传输。
在图13所示的实施例中，变速器1300包括联接到流体泵1304的液压流体输入/输出端口1330。液压流体输入/输出端口1330经螺线管致动阀1332与液压流体蓄压器1334连通。止回阀1333也与螺线管致动阀1332并行设置。螺线管致动阀1332首先被致动成关闭，并且止回阀1333允许经加压的液压流体在流体泵1304正操作成产生液压流体压力时蓄积在蓄压器1334中。液压蓄压器通常包括两个腔室，即通常不可压缩的用于接纳液压流体的第一腔室和用于蓄能的第二可压缩腔室。第二可压缩腔室可包括用于施力以对第一腔室中的液压流体加压的弹簧或压缩气体。当由流体泵1304产生的液压流体压力降低到蓄压器1334中的流体压力之下时，止回阀1333关闭以维持蓄压器中的压力。在其它实施例中，可省略止回阀1333，并且可监视由流体泵1304产生的液压压力和蓄压器1334中的液压压力，以确定何时应该致动阀1332以使蓄压器接收液压流体。
液压流体输入/输出端口1330也经由螺线管致动阀1336与锁止离合器1320连通并经由螺线管致动阀1338与PTO离合器1324连通。当希望起动发动机时，流体泵1304不产生液压压力并且阀1332被致动以在提供液压压力的液压流体输入/输出端口1330处提供液压流体压力。液压压力仅需足以使PTO离合器1324接合以响应于致动阀1338而经PTO 1310传输起动转矩并使锁止离合器1320接合，从而可供用于响应于阀1336的致动将起动转矩经变矩器1302高效传送到发动机输出轴104。
一旦发动机102已起动，流体泵1304便可操作成产生液压流体压力，并且蓄压器1334再次为下一个发动机起动循环蓄积加压液压流体，如上所述。
在其它实施例中，可实施电动液压泵（未示出）代替液压流体蓄压器1334和阀1332。可使用由车辆电池如图1所示的蓄能元件122提供的DC电力或通过例如常规12V铅酸电池来驱动液压泵。电动液压泵将设置有液压流体供给源（例如来自变速器1300）并在被致动时将操作成在液压流体输入/输出端口1330处提供加压液压流体以用于致动锁止离合器1320和PTO离合器1324。
上文结合图13所述的液压蓄压器实施例可大致如在上述图1-12的实施例中的任一实施例中所示实施，以提供用于运转车辆100的各种离合器、制动器和其它液压致动的系统的液压流体压力。例如，在图2所示的实施例中，液压流体蓄压器1334可被实施为提供用于在发动机102未运行时运转PTO离合器244的液压操作压力。
直接联接到PTO的电动机
一个替换车辆实施例在图14中大致以1400示出。参照图14，车辆1400包括动力传动系1402，动力传动系1402包括发动机1404，例如能够在发动机输出轴1406处产生转矩的内燃发动机。动力传动系1402还包括联接到发动机输出轴1406的变速器1408。变速器1408包括输出轴1410和PTO 1412。
车辆1400还包括联接到变速器1408的输出轴1410的分动箱1414。分动箱1414可操作成经由传动轴1420、差速器1422和车轴1424向一对后轮1416、1418提供驱动力。分动箱1414也可操作成经由驱动轴1430、差速器1432和车轴1434选择性地向一对前轮1426、1428提供驱动。
车辆1400还包括经由轴1438联接到PTO 1412的电动机1436。在本实施例中，电动机1436包括用于从AC电力总线1442接收AC运转电流的电力输入部1440，不过在其它实施例中，电动机可被实施为DC电动机。该车辆还包括经DC电力总线1448连接的逆变器1444和蓄能元件1446。
在一个实施例中，图13所示的变速器构型1300可被实施为变速器1408，变速器1408包括液压流体输入/输出端口1330、螺线管致动阀1332和液压流体蓄压器1334。电动机1436可操作成经由PTO 1412提供起动转矩，PTO 1412经如上文结合图13所述的变速器1408联接。另外，电动机1436可用于经PTO 1412提供用于车辆的驱动转矩，并且还可构造成从车轮接收发动机转矩或再生转矩以用于对蓄能元件1446充电。
在其它实施例中，图2所示的变速器构型106可被实施为变速器1408，这种情况下，液压流体蓄压器1334将仅需提供用于致动PTO离合器244（在图2中示出）的液压流体压力。在这种实施例中，螺线管致动阀1332可省略，并且止回阀1333可在液压流体输入/输出端口1330与液压管路中通向螺线管致动阀1338的分支之间移动。这种情况下，液压流体蓄压器1334在流体泵1304正运转时蓄积流体压力，该流体压力随后可用于操作螺线管致动阀1338以使PTO离合器1324接合。
有利地，图14所示的实施例可在对车辆底盘布局进行较小重构的情况下在具有常规内燃发动机的车辆上实施。可利用电动机1436省略常规的12V DC起动机，电动机1436提供起动转矩、驱动转矩和发电机功能。典型的轻商用和工业车辆构型提供用于收纳直列式电动机的有限附加空间。然而，在许多情况下，提供PTO输出部的区域内合理的通道，并且电动机可大致如图14所示方便地安装。
上述设备的各种实施例也有利于具有PTO输出部的常规车辆的转换以提供混合动力车辆运转特征。在常规发动机/变速器的变速器上使用PTO输出部也有利于静止时的发动机起动和移动时的发动机起动两者，这也消除了对单独的起动机的需求。

Claims (20)

1.一种混合动力车辆，包括：
行星齿轮系统；
发动机，其联接至所述行星齿轮系统；
电动机，其联接至所述行星齿轮系统；
差速器，其联接至所述行星齿轮系统；以及
制动器，其联接至所述行星齿轮系统的齿轮，以选择性地禁止所述齿轮的旋转；
所述行星齿轮系统配置成当联接至所述制动器的所述齿轮未被所述制动器禁止旋转时，允许所述电动机给所述发动机提供起动转矩；且
所述行星齿轮系统配置成当联接至所述制动器的所述齿轮被所述制动器禁止旋转时，允许所述电动机给所述差速器提供驱动转矩。
2.如权利要求1所述的混合动力车辆，其特征在于，所述行星齿轮系统还配置成当联接至所述制动器的所述齿轮被所述制动器禁止旋转时，允许所述电动机提供由所述发动机驱动的电功率。
3.如权利要求2所述的混合动力车辆，其特征在于，所述电功率用于给蓄能元件充电。
4.如权利要求2所述的混合动力车辆，其特征在于，所述行星齿轮系统配置成在联接至所述制动器的所述齿轮被所述制动器禁止旋转时的操作模式期间，允许所述发动机给所述差速器提供驱动转矩，以及所述电动机提供由所述发动机驱动的电功率。
5.如权利要求1所述的混合动力车辆，其特征在于，所述电动机是AC电动机，且逆变器联接至所述电动机。
6.如权利要求5所述的混合动力车辆，其特征在于，所述电动机是永磁体电动机。
7.如权利要求1所述的混合动力车辆，其特征在于，所述行星齿轮系统包括太阳齿轮，齿圈，以及联接在所述太阳齿轮和所述齿圈之间的多个行星齿轮。
8.如权利要求7所述的混合动力车辆，其特征在于：
所述发动机联接至所述行星齿轮系统的第一齿轮；
所述电动机联接至所述行星齿轮系统的第二齿轮；
所述差速器联接至所述行星齿轮系统的第三齿轮。
9.一种操作混合动力车辆的方法，所述混合动力车辆包括行星齿轮系统，联接至所述行星齿轮系统的发动机，联接至所述行星齿轮系统的电动机，联接至所述行星齿轮系统的差速器，以及联接至所述行星齿轮系统的齿轮的制动器，所述方法包括：
选择性地不禁止联接至所述制动器的所述齿轮旋转，以允许所述电动机给所述发动机提供起动转矩；以及
选择性地禁止联接至所述制动器的所述齿轮旋转，以允许所述电动机给所述差速器提供驱动转矩。
10.如权利要求9所述的操作混合动力车辆的方法，其特征在于，选择性地禁止联接至所述制动器的所述齿轮旋转还允许所述电动机提供由所述发动机驱动的电功率。
11.如权利要求10所述的操作混合动力车辆的方法，其特征在于，所述电功率用于给蓄能元件充电。
12.如权利要求9所述的操作混合动力车辆的方法，其特征在于，所述电动机是AC电动机。
13.如权利要求13所述的操作混合动力车辆的方法，其特征在于，所述电动机是永磁体电动机。
14.如权利要求9所述的操作混合动力车辆的方法，其特征在于，所述行星齿轮系统包括太阳齿轮，齿圈，以及联接在所述太阳齿轮和所述齿圈之间的一个或更多行星齿轮。
15.一种用于车辆的设备，包括：
行星齿轮系统；
发动机，其联接至所述行星齿轮系统；
电动机，其联接至所述行星齿轮系统；
差速器，其联接至所述行星齿轮系统；以及
制动器，其联接至所述行星齿轮系统的齿轮，以选择性地禁止所述齿轮的旋转；
所述行星齿轮系统配置成当联接至所述制动器的所述齿轮未被所述制动器禁止旋转时，允许所述电动机给所述发动机提供起动转矩；且
所述行星齿轮系统配置成当联接至所述制动器的所述齿轮被所述制动器禁止旋转时，允许所述电动机给所述差速器提供驱动转矩和由所述发动机驱动的电功率。
16.如权利要求15所述的设备，其特征在于，所述电功率用于给蓄能元件充电。
17.如权利要求15所述的设备，其特征在于，所述电动机是AC电动机，且逆变器联接至所述电动机。
18.如权利要求17所述的设备，其特征在于，所述电动机是永磁体电动机。
19.如权利要求15所述的设备，其特征在于，所述行星齿轮系统包括太阳齿轮，齿圈，以及联接在所述太阳齿轮和所述齿圈之间的多个行星齿轮。
20.如权利要求19所述的设备，其特征在于：
所述发动机联接至所述行星齿轮系统的第一齿轮；
所述电动机联接至所述行星齿轮系统的第二齿轮；
所述差速器联接至所述行星齿轮系统的第三齿轮。
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