CN102862470B - 电动车辆的多模式功率分流动力系 - Google Patents

电动车辆的多模式功率分流动力系 Download PDF

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CN102862470B
CN102862470B CN201210219991.3A CN201210219991A CN102862470B CN 102862470 B CN102862470 B CN 102862470B CN 201210219991 A CN201210219991 A CN 201210219991A CN 102862470 B CN102862470 B CN 102862470B
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gear
dynamical system
motor
jackshaft
electromotor
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CN102862470A (zh
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沃特·J·奥特曼
布兰顿·R·马斯特逊
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/387—Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/44—Series-parallel type
    • B60K6/442—Series-parallel switching type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/44—Series-parallel type
    • B60K6/445—Differential gearing distribution type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K2006/381—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches characterized by driveline brakes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles

Abstract

一种动力系，包括中间轴、齿轮组、连接到太阳齿轮并且可连接到中间轴上的电机、以及可驱动地连接到中间轴上的第二电机，所述齿轮组包括太阳齿轮、连接到发动机的托架、可连接到中间轴并且可释放地保持不旋转的齿圈、以及支承在托架上并且与太阳齿轮和齿圈相啮合的小齿轮。

Description

电动车辆的多模式功率分流动力系
技术领域
本发明总体上涉及一种用于增程电动车的功率分流动力系。
背景技术
混合动力电动车（HEV）的动力系包括发动机、电动机/发电机以及牵引用蓄电池，其中发动机和电动机可以单独驱动车轮，通过作为发电机运转的电机，发动机可以为牵引用蓄电池充电，同时，使用车轮制动器驱动发电机和给电池再充电，车辆的动能可以被回收和再生。
增程电动车（EREV）完全由电力运转，然而电池电量消耗严重。
在插电式混合动力车（PHEV）的动力系中，牵引用蓄电池的容量显著增加，以便于能够利用来自于电网的电能驱动车辆。因此，期望更多地使用电力驱动。当发动机关闭时，发电机与轮转速的直接连接导致发电机轴在车辆移动时旋转。这导致了若干严重的问题，包括(i)当车辆提速时，发动机转速变得过高，导致了对于轴承、行星齿轮组和发电机的耐久性的担心；(ii)启动发动机所需的有效扭矩降低；(iii)由于没有使用发电机，它产生了不必要的旋转损耗；以及(iv)处于倒车档同时发动机在运转状态时，电动机必须做出反应，从而减少提供给车轮的扭矩。
发明内容
一种动力系，包括中间轴、齿轮组、连接到太阳齿轮并且可连接到中间轴上的电机、以及可驱动地连接到中间轴上的第二电机，所述齿轮组包括太阳齿轮、连接到发动机的托架、可连接到中间轴并且可释放地保持不旋转的齿圈、以及支承在托架上并且与太阳齿轮和齿圈相啮合的小齿轮。
通过这种策略，电动机和电池的尺寸不按电量消耗模式下完全以电能驱动的情况来设置。相反，发动机在高车轮扭矩踏板需求的状态下运行，以保持较小的零件尺寸和较低的成本，同时提供更高的价值。
在电量保持模式下，发动机在串联模式或功率分流模式下运行。
本动力系从牵引电动机给车轮提供最大扭矩，优于单模式功率分流动力系。
本动力系为功率分流动力系的高燃料经济性和驾驶性能提供了更好的牵引和车辆启动性能。
优选实施方式的适用范围会在随后的具体实施方式、权利要求书和附图中显示。应当理解的是，尽管描述和具体的示例指出了本发明的优选实施方式，但其仅出于说明性的目的给出。对于本领域的技术人员来说，对所述实施方式和示例的各种变化及修改是显而易见的。
附图说明
本发明参考下面附图及其说明将更容易理解，其中：
图1是HEV动力系的原理图；
图2是图1所示动力系的行星齿轮组的杠杆图；
图3是齿轮组在发动机关闭状态下的杠杆图；
图4是PHEV动力系的原理图；并且
图5是图4所示动力系在不同的运行模式下离合器和制动器的啮合及解离状态的图表。
具体实施方式
现在参考附图，图1表示具有通常称为功率分流的功率流结构的HEV动力系10。动力系10包括发动机12；行星齿轮组14；通过副轴齿轮18可驱动地连接到车轮的电机16；差速器20；以及电机22。电机16和电机22都是电动发电机，尽管通常电机16被称为电动机或牵引电动机，而电机22被称为发电机。
行星齿轮组14将发动机动力导向电力驱动路径或者机械驱动路径。行星齿轮组14的太阳齿轮24连接到发电机22。行星齿轮组14的托架25通过扭振阻尼器26和轴27连接到发动机12。齿圈28连接到中间轴34和副轴齿轮副36-37。发动机16的转子30通过副轴齿轮副32-33连接到中间轴34。
发动机16通过逆变器42和高压直流/直流转换器44电连接到牵引用蓄电池40。类似地，发电机22通过逆变器46和转换器44电连接到电池40。
中间轴34通过差速器20的小齿轮50及齿圈52进行连接，差速器通过半轴或驱动轴54、56将动力传输给车轮。
油泵58通过小齿轮60及齿轮62可驱动地连接到托架25和发动机输出。
图2表示直观化的行星齿轮组14在功率分流模式下运行的杠杆图，其中，r代表连接到牵引电动机16的齿圈28，e代表连接到发动机12的行星齿轮架，g代表连接到发电机22的太阳齿轮24，ω代表角速度，以及τ代表扭矩。
图3是动力系10在发动机关闭状态下的杠杆图。当发动机12转速为零时，发电机22相对于电动机反方向旋转。通常，发电机转速比电动机转速大约快2到3倍。在图3的杠杆图中，ωr是齿圈28的转速，它是车速的函数；ωe是发动机12的转速；以及ωg是太阳齿轮24和发电机22的转速，ωg=-β*ωr，其中β=Nr/Ns，而N是齿轮各自的齿数。
图4表示PHEV的功率分流动力系70。在图4中，与图1中动力系10相似的组件用相同的附图标记标识。第一离合器70交替地开启和关闭轴27和齿圈28之间的驱动连接。第二离合器72交替地开启和关闭发电机22和小齿轮74之间的驱动连接，小齿轮74与固定在轴34上的齿轮76相啮合。制动器78交替地保持齿圈28不旋转及释放齿圈。图5是显示在动力系70的不同运行模式下离合器70、72和制动器78的啮合及解离状态的图表。
离合器70、72和制动器78可以是液压驱动的摩擦片控制元件，但最好是没有寄生损失的控制元件。
图5是显示图4所示的动力系在不同运行模式下离合器和制动器的啮合及解离状态的图表。
模式1：单电动机电力驱动
当离合器70、72及制动器78处于解离状态时，电动机16从轴27的主轴上分离，并且通过副轴齿轮32-33、中间轴34、副轴齿轮50-52、差速器20直接连接到车轮80、82上。在大多数情况下使用模式1电力驱动车辆。由于行星齿轮组14和发电机22不旋转，使损耗降到了最低。
模式2：双电动机电力驱动
当离合器72处于啮合状态，且离合器72和制动器78都处于解离状态时，发电机22连接到中间轴34，并且通过离合器72、副轴齿轮74-76、中间轴34、副轴齿轮50-52、以及差速器20驱动车轮80、82。模式2用于在电力驱动（有时称为电量消耗）时在高扭矩需求的情况下提供额外的动力和扭矩。模式2允许牵引电动机16尺寸缩减，以降低成本同时提高车辆的启动扭矩。
模式3：串联
当制动器78处于啮合状态而离合器70、72处于解离状态时；由于制动器78接于齿圈28而提供扭矩反作用，发电机22利用制动器78通过行星齿轮组14以大约2到3倍于发动机的转速驱动。牵引电动机16直接连接到车轮80、82以提供推进力。模式3用于电量保持运行时，在反向驱动中尤其有用，因此发动机扭矩的反作用力不是由牵引电动机16提供。模式3允许牵引电机16给车轮提供最大扭矩，这优于单模式功率分流动力系。
模式4：功率分流
当离合器70处于啮合状态，而离合器72和制动器78都处于解离状态时，行星齿轮组14将发动机动力导向电力驱动路径或者机械驱动路径。行星齿轮组14的太阳齿轮24连接到发电机22。行星齿轮组14的托架25通过扭振阻尼器26及轴27连接到发动机12。齿圈28通过离合器70及副轴齿轮副36-37连接到中间轴34。电动机16的转子30通过副轴齿轮副32-33连接到中间轴34。
当发动机12转速为零时，发电机22相对发动机14反方向旋转。模式4用于发动机12、电动机16及发电机22正常的电量保持运行。
模式5和6：直接驱动
在模式5中，离合器70、72处于啮合状态而制动器78处于解离状态。在模式6中，离合器72及制动器78处于啮合状态而离合器70处于解离状态。离合器72的啮合将中间轴34连接到太阳齿轮24及发电机22。
模式5和6提供了两种模式，其中，发动机12能够以固定的齿轮齿数比直接耦合到车轮。在模式5和6中，发电机22和牵引电动机16都可以被关闭，以使牵引动力不传递到电力功能域。根据对齿轮齿数比的选择，在特定的驾驶条件下，齿轮提供更好的效率。直接驱动模式提供的优点在于它们在牵引载荷下产生更少的热量。这些模式提高了功率分流动力系70的牵引/有效负载能力。
如果离合器72的最大扭矩足以传输车辆的启动扭矩，发动机12可以与两个电动机16、22一起用于辅助车辆启动，以便于在车轮高扭矩需求下，发动机和电池的最大功率被用于在启动情况下驱动车轮。
尽管离合器70、72和制动器78被描述为摩擦控制元件，离合器和制动器也可以是可闭锁元件，比如齿式离合器或制动器，或者可闭锁单向离合器或制动器。当使用摩擦离合器和制动器时，它们最好由液压伺服装置或者电滚珠/斜面（ramp）组件驱动。
按照专利法规的条款，已经对优选的实施方式做出了描述。然而，应当指出的是，除了具体说明和描述的实施方式以外，替代性的实施方式也可以采用。

Claims (8)

1.一种动力系，其特征在于，包括：
中间轴；
齿轮组，包括太阳齿轮、连接到发动机的托架、通过第一对啮合齿轮可连接到中间轴并且可释放地保持不旋转的齿圈、以及支承于托架上并与太阳齿轮和齿圈相啮合的小齿轮；
连接到太阳齿轮、并且通过第二对啮合齿轮可释放地连接于中间轴上的电机；和
可驱动地连接到中间轴上的第二电机。
2.根据权利要求1所述的动力系，其特征在于，进一步包括将齿圈连接到中间轴的离合器。
3.根据权利要求1所述的动力系，其特征在于，进一步包括将太阳齿轮和电机连接到中间轴的第二离合器。
4.根据权利要求1所述的动力系，其特征在于，进一步包括可释放地保持齿圈不转动的制动器。
5.根据权利要求1所述的动力系，其特征在于，电机和第二电机都是电动发电机。
6.根据权利要求1所述的动力系，其特征在于，进一步包括在中间轴和车轮之间传输动力的差速器。
7.根据权利要求1所述的动力系，其特征在于，进一步包括连接第二电机和中间轴的第三对啮合齿轮。
8.根据权利要求1所述的动力系，其特征在于，进一步包括连接差速器和中间轴的第四对啮合齿轮。
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