CN114654994A - 一种混合动力系统和混合动力系统的控制方法 - Google Patents

一种混合动力系统和混合动力系统的控制方法 Download PDF

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CN114654994A
CN114654994A CN202210434880.8A CN202210434880A CN114654994A CN 114654994 A CN114654994 A CN 114654994A CN 202210434880 A CN202210434880 A CN 202210434880A CN 114654994 A CN114654994 A CN 114654994A
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brake
shaft
engine
gear
planetary
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李宁
桂经良
乔运乾
张凡
朱洪超
王芃
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Weichai Power Co Ltd
Weichai New Energy Technology Co Ltd
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Weichai Power Co Ltd
Weichai New Energy Technology Co Ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/20Control strategies involving selection of hybrid configuration, e.g. selection between series or parallel configuration
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K2006/381Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches characterized by driveline brakes

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  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
  • Structure Of Transmissions (AREA)

Abstract

本申请公开一种混合动力系统和混合动力系统的控制方法,包括发动机、电机、变速箱,以及行星轮系,所述发动机具有发动机轴,所述电机具有电机轴,所述变速箱具有变速箱轴,所述行星轮系包括行星轮以及下述行星单元:行星架、太阳轮、行星齿圈;所述发动机轴、所述电机轴以及所述变速箱轴三者分别连接三个所述行星单元;还包括分别用于制动所述太阳轮以及所述行星齿圈的制动器;所述发动机轴与所述行星轮系之间设有离合器。本方案通过离合器、制动器的控制,可以在较为简单的结构基础上,实现多种动力模式,此混合动力系统易于集成,便于模块一体化。

Description

一种混合动力系统和混合动力系统的控制方法
技术领域
本发明涉及传动技术领域,具体涉及一种混合动力系统和混合动力系统的控制方法。
背景技术
现有传统动力总成包括发动机和变速箱,发动机动力输出经过变速箱进行传动比调节,然后输出至车轮。但现有的传统动力总成的驱动模式单一,整车性能较差。
发明内容
本申请提供一种混合动力系统,包括发动机、电机、变速箱,以及行星轮系,所述发动机具有发动机轴,所述电机具有电机轴,所述变速箱具有变速箱轴,所述行星轮系包括行星轮以及下述行星单元:行星架、太阳轮、行星齿圈;所述发动机轴、所述电机轴以及所述变速箱轴三者分别连接三个所述行星单元;还包括分别用于制动所述太阳轮以及所述行星齿圈的制动器;所述发动机轴与所述行星轮系之间设有离合器。
在一种具体实施方式中,所述发动机轴连接所述太阳轮,所述变速箱轴连接所述行星架,所述电机轴连接所述行星齿圈。
在一种具体实施方式中,所述太阳轮具有同轴设置并同步转动的太阳轮轴;所述发动机轴通过离合器与所述太阳轮轴连接;所述行星轮系还设有太阳轮架,所述太阳轮架与所述太阳轮轴一体设置、固定连接或转动限位连接,一所述制动器用于制动所述太阳轮架,以间接制动所述太阳轮。
在一种具体实施方式中,所述电机轴设有电机齿轮,与所述行星齿圈啮合。
在一种具体实施方式中,所述行星齿圈具有外齿,所述电机齿轮与所述行星齿圈的所述外齿形成外啮合。
在一种具体实施方式中,所述行星齿圈的外周壁形成台阶结构,所述台阶结构的小径部分设置所述外齿,所述台阶结构的大径部分用于和所述制动器制动配合。
在一种具体实施方式中,所述变速箱轴设有变速箱齿轮,所述行星架设有与所述变速箱齿轮啮合的行星架齿轮。
在一种具体实施方式中,还包括能够容纳所述行星轮系的壳体,所述制动器均设于所述壳体。
本申请还提供一种混合动力系统的控制方法,基于上述任一项所述的混合动力系统,定义能够切断所述发动机与所述行星轮系的制动器为第一制动器,能够切断所述变速箱和所述行星轮系的制动器为第二制动器,所述控制方法包括下述模式:
纯发动机驱动模式:所述发动机处于驱动状态,控制所述离合器接合,并只控制所述第二制动器制动;
混合动力驱动模式:所述电机和所述发动机均处于驱动状态,只控制所述离合器接合;
混合发电驱动模式:所述发动机处于驱动状态,所述电机处于发电模式,只控制所述离合器接合;
纯电动驱动模式:所述发动机未启动,所述电机处于驱动状态,控制所述离合器分离,以及只控制所述第一制动器制动;
制动能量回收模式:所述发动机处于怠速或者整车制动减速状态,控制所述离合器分离,以及只控制所述第一制动器制动;
驻车模式:所述发动机未启动,或所述发动机启动且所述离合器分离,所述电机未启动,所述第一制动器和所述第二制动器均制动。。
本申请方案中,混合动力系统在变速箱和发动机之间增加行星轮系,同时增设电机作为动力单元,并且,发动机的输出和输入由离合器控制,还设置制动器以控制行星轮系和电机、发动机、变速箱的动力传递路径,这样通过离合器、制动器的控制,可以在较为简单的结构基础上,实现多种动力模式,此混合动力系统易于集成,便于模块一体化。
附图说明
图1为本申请实施例所提供的混合动力系统的示意图;
图2为图1中行星齿圈的示意图;
图3为图1中混合动力系统处于纯发动机驱动模式的示意图;
图4为图1中混合动力系统处于混合动力驱动模式的示意图;
图5为图1中混合动力系统处于混合发电驱动模式的示意图;
图6为图1中混合动力系统处于纯电动驱动模式的示意图;
图7为图1中混合动力系统处于制动能量回收模式的示意图;
图8为本申请另一实施例中混合动力系统的示意图。
图1-8中附图标记说明如下:
1-发动机;
2-电机;
3-变速箱;
41-第一制动器;42-第二制动器;
51-行星架;52-行星轮;53-太阳轮;54-行星齿圈;541-大径部分;541a-内齿;542-小径部分;542a-外齿;55-太阳轮架;56-太阳轮轴;
6-发动机轴;
7-离合器;
8-变速箱轴;
9-电机轴;9a-电机齿轮;
11-壳体。
具体实施方式
为了使本技术领域的人员更好地理解本发明方案,下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步的详细说明。
请参考图1、2,图1为本申请实施例所提供的混合动力系统的示意图,图2为图1中行星齿圈的示意图。
本实施例中的混合动力系统包括发动机1、变速箱3、电机2,以及行星轮系。行星轮系包括行星轮52以及以下三个行星单元,分别是:太阳轮53、行星架51、行星齿圈54。多个行星轮52安装在行星架51上,行星轮52与太阳轮53外啮合,行星齿圈54具有内齿,行星轮52同时与行星齿圈54内啮合。
具体在图1中,发动机1包括用于传递动力的发动机轴6,电机2具有用于传递动力的电机轴9,变速箱3的动力输入口具有用于传递动力的变速箱轴8,这些动力轴既可以作为动力的输入轴,也可以作为动力输出的输出轴,这在下面多个工作模式中会详细介绍。
本实施例中的太阳轮53设有太阳轮轴56,太阳轮轴56即与太阳轮53同轴并一体设置,或者同轴固定,或者与太阳轮53同轴并转动限位连接的轴结构,这样,太阳轮轴56和太阳轮53保持同轴转动。太阳轮轴56与发动机轴6之间设有离合器7,离合器7接合时,发动机1和太阳轮53能够保持动力传递,离合器7分离时,发动机1和太阳轮53之间的动力传输路径切断。
电机2具有电机轴9,电机轴9设有电机齿轮9a,电机齿轮9a与行星轮系的行星齿圈54啮合,这样电机2和行星齿圈54可以进行动力传递。变速箱3的变速箱轴8和行星轮系的行星架51连接,变速箱轴8设有变速箱齿轮8a,为外齿,行星架51也设有行星架齿轮,为内齿,变速箱齿轮8a用于和行星架51的行星架齿轮啮合,可知变速箱齿轮8a为内齿,行星架51的行星架齿轮为外齿也可以。用于和行星架51的齿轮啮合,这样变速箱3与行星架51可以进行动力传递,当然变速箱轴8与行星架51直接连接固定或者其他方式的转动限位连接等都是可以的,只要可以一起转动即可,这里设置齿轮啮合利于和行星架51的结构装配。
此外,本实施例中的混合动力系统还包括第一制动器41、第二制动器42,第一制动器41用于制动与发动机轴6连接的行星单元,本实施例中即用于制动太阳轮53;第二制动器42用于制动与电机轴9连接的行星单元,本实施例中即用于制动行星齿圈54;变速箱轴8与行星架51连接这样也便于制动器的布置。制动器可以是现有任意一种结构的制动器,例如鼓式制动器、盘式制动器等。
具体地,如图1所示,为便于实现第一制动器41制动太阳轮53,还设有太阳轮架55,太阳轮架55与太阳轮轴56一体设置、固定连接或转动限位连接,即太阳轮架55和太阳轮轴56同步转动。这样,第一制动器41接合而制动太阳轮架55时,太阳轮架55、太阳轮轴56、太阳轮53同时无法转动。设置太阳轮架55利于和第一制动器41的制动配合,即第一制动器41可以制动太阳轮轴56以间接制动太阳轮53。太阳轮架55可以是盘状结构,这样便于和对应的第一制动器41、第三制动器43制动配合。
如图1所示,第二制动器42用于制动行星齿圈54,第二制动器42直接制动行星齿圈54,显然,第二制动器42可以制动电机轴10以间接制动电机齿圈54。电机轴9还需要与行星齿圈54啮合,行星齿圈54的外周可以加工出外齿542a,这样形成内侧与行星轮52啮合、外侧沿轴向的一部分与电机齿轮10a啮合,还有一部分与第二制动器42制动配合,可见,区别于现有的行星齿圈,本申请实施例具体提供了一种异形的行星齿圈54结构。
可参考图2理解,行星齿圈54的外周可设置为台阶结构,继而形成沿轴向分布的大径部分541和小径部分542,大径部分541的内壁设置内齿541a,以与行星轮52啮合,小径部分542的外壁设置外齿542a,以与电机齿轮10a啮合,这样设置,台阶结构的台阶侧壁541b可以形成限位,利于电机齿轮10a与外齿542a的可靠配合,避免脱齿,并且大径部分541和小径部分542的高度差,使得大径部分541便于和第二制动器42配合,例如第二制动器42可以沿轴向夹紧行星齿圈54大径部分541沿轴向的两侧,大径部分541的壁厚可以适当加厚,以提供和第二制动器42配合的制动接合面,在图2基础上,大径部分541的左侧还可以设置径向向内延伸的凸缘,和台阶侧壁541b相对,以和第二制动器42夹紧配合,提供较大的制动接合面。另外,如图2所示,外齿542a和台阶侧壁541b之间具有间距,以避免和第二制动器42干涉。
如图1所示,本实施例中的混合动力系统可以包括容纳行星轮系的壳体11,第一制动器41、第二制动器42均固定于壳体11,这样便于安装上述的制动器。
下面将对控制上述混合动力系统的方法进行论述,通过控制上述离合器7以及各制动器的控制,实现多种工作模式,图3-7中虚线和箭头示意出对应模式下的动力传递路径。
请参考图3,图3为图1中混合动力系统处于纯发动机驱动模式的示意图。
在该模式下,控制离合器7接合,并且两个制动器中只接合第二制动器42,则行星齿圈54保持不动,太阳轮架55和变速箱轴架9都是自由转动状态,此时的行星轮系可视为单级减速器。发动机1输出动力通过离合器7传递到太阳轮53,经行星轮52及行星架51传递给变速箱轴8,实现纯发动机1驱动。
该模式下的动力传递路径为:发动机1-发动机轴6-太阳轮轴56-太阳轮53-行星轮52-行星架51-变速箱轴8-变速箱3。在该模式下,发动机轴6为输出轴,变速箱轴8为输入轴。
请参考图4,图4为图1中混合动力系统处于混合动力驱动模式的示意图。
在该模式下,只接合离合器7,制动器均不接合,则太阳轮53、行星齿圈54、变速箱轴8均为自由转动状态,行星轮系视为动力耦合装置。发动机1输出动力通过离合器7传递给太阳轮53,当电机2为驱动状态时,电机2输出动力通过电机齿轮9a传递给行星齿圈54,行星齿圈54与太阳轮53经行星轮52及行星架51实现动力耦合并传递到变速箱轴8,实现发动机1和电机2联合驱动,为混合动力驱动模式。
该模式下的动力传递路径包括:
第一路径:发动机1-发动机轴6-太阳轮轴56-太阳轮53-行星轮52-行星架51-变速箱轴8-变速箱3;
第二路径:电机2-电机轴9-电机齿轮9a-行星齿圈54-行星轮52-行星架51-变速箱轴8-变速箱3。
在该模式下,发动机轴6和电机轴9均为输出轴。
请参考图5,图5为图1中混合动力系统处于混合发电驱动模式的示意图。
与图4基本相同,区别在于电机2处于发电模式,则太阳轮53动力按速比传递给行星齿圈54和行星轮52,行星齿圈54扭矩用于驱动电机2发电,行星轮52扭矩经行星架51传递到该模式下的动力传递路径包括:
第一路径:发动机1-发动机轴6-太阳轮轴56-太阳轮53-行星轮52-行星架51-变速箱轴8-变速箱3;
第二路径:发动机1-发动机轴6-太阳轮轴56-太阳轮53-行星轮52-行星齿圈54-电机齿轮9a-电机轴9-电机2。
在该模式下,发动机轴6为输出轴,电机轴9为输入轴。
请参考图6,图6为图5中混合动力系统处于纯电动驱动模式的示意图。
在该模式下,离合器7分离,两个制动器只接合第一制动器41,太阳轮53无法转动,此时的行星轮系视为单级减速器。当发动机1不启动时,电机2输出动力通过电机齿轮9a及行星齿圈54传递给行星轮52,再经行星架51传递到变速箱轴8,实现纯电动驱动模式。
该模式下的动力传递路径为:电机2-电机轴9-电机齿轮9a-行星齿圈54-行星轮52-行星架51-变速箱轴8-变速箱3。
在该模式下,电机轴9为输出轴,变速箱轴8为输入轴。
请参考图7,图7为图1中混合动力系统处于制动能量回收模式的示意图。
与图6基本相同,只是图7中发动机1启动,但发动机1处于停车怠速或整车制动减速状态,此时若处于非空挡,则电机2可提供反向制动力,经行星轮52实现制动能量回收,为制动能量回收模式。该模式下的动力传递路径与图3恰好相反。
请继续参考图1,该实施例中的混合动力系统处于驻车模式,在该模式下,两个制动器均接合,行星齿圈54和变速箱轴8均无法转动,发动机1处于启动状态时,则离合器7必须分离,电机2也不输出动力,处于驻车状态,若变速箱3为在挡状态,则实现辅助驻车制动,若变速箱为空挡,则需手刹驻车制动,从而实现驻车模式。
上述实施例中,在变速箱3和发动机1之间增加行星轮系,同时增设电机2作为动力单元,并且,发动机1的输出和输入由离合器7控制,还设置制动器以控制行星轮系和电机2、发动机1的动力传递路径,这样通过离合器7、制动器的控制,可以在较为简单的结构基础上,实现多种动力模式,此混合动力系统易于集成,便于模块一体化。
另外,上述实施例中以发动机1连接太阳轮53,电机2连接行星齿圈54,变速箱3连接行星架51为例说明,可知,行星轮系中的太阳轮53、行星齿圈54和行星架51都可以作为动力输入或动力输出的元件,可以根据具体的传动比需求、空间布置等因素进行选择。
比如,如图8所示,图8为本申请另一实施例中混合动力系统的示意图,与上述图1实施例不同,变速箱3与太阳轮53连接,发动机1与行星架51连接,这样也可以实现多种动力模式。此时,第二制动器42制动,则可以实现纯发动机驱动模式,第一制动器41制动,可以实现纯发电机驱动、或者制动能量回收,制动器均不制动,可以实现混合动力驱动模式、混合发电驱动模式,制动器均制动则可以实现驻车模式。
或者,还可以是发动机1与行星齿圈54连接,变速箱3与行星架51连接,电机2与太阳轮53连接;或,发动机1与行星齿圈54连接,变速箱3与太阳轮53连接,电机2与行星齿圈54连接;或,发动机1与太阳轮53连接,电机2与行星架51连接,变速箱3与行星齿圈54连接;或,发动机1与行星架51连接,变速箱3与行星齿圈54连接,电机2与太阳轮53连接。即,发动机轴6连接三个行星单元中的第一者、电机轴10连接三个行星单元中的第二者、变速箱轴8连接三个行星单元中的第三者即可,这里的“第一”、“第二”、“第三”并不对具体的行星单元进行限制,旨在说明发动机轴6、电机轴10以及变速箱轴8各自需要连接一个行星单元,且需要连接到三个行星单元中不同的行星单元,以通过行星轮系实现动力的传递。
可知,无论如何选择连接,只要通过制动器和离合器7的控制,即可实现上述多种动力模式。具体原理即是,通过制动器切断发动机1与行星轮系的动力传递路径,可以实现纯电驱动模式和制动能量回收模式;通过制动器切断电机2与行星轮系的动力传递路径,则可以实现纯发动机驱动模式;通过制动器切断变速箱3与行星轮系的动力传递路径,则可能实现启动发动机和驻车发电模式;制动器均不制动,则可以实现混合动力驱动和混合发电驱动模式;制动器均制动,离合器分离,则可以实现驻车模式。
当行星轮系中的太阳轮53或行星齿圈54或行星架51制动后,则行星轮系成为单级减速器,如果都未制动,则都处于自由转动状态,可以作为动力耦合装置,耦合发动机1和电机2的动力。
本文中应用了具体个例对本发明的原理及实施方式进行了阐述,以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的方法及其核心思想。应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以对本发明进行若干改进和修饰,这些改进和修饰也落入本发明权利要求的保护范围内。

Claims (9)

1.一种混合动力系统,其特征在于,包括发动机、电机、变速箱,以及行星轮系,所述发动机具有发动机轴,所述电机具有电机轴,所述变速箱具有变速箱轴,所述行星轮系包括行星轮以及下述行星单元:行星架、太阳轮、行星齿圈;所述发动机轴连接三个所述行星单元中的第一者、所述电机轴连接三个所述行星单元中的第二者、所述变速箱轴连接三个所述行星单元中的第三者;还包括分别用于制动所述太阳轮以及所述行星齿圈的制动器;所述发动机轴与所述行星轮系之间设有离合器。
2.根据权利要求1所述的混合动力系统,其特征在于,所述发动机轴连接所述太阳轮,所述变速箱轴连接所述行星架,所述电机轴连接所述行星齿圈。
3.根据权利要求2所述的混合动力系统,其特征在于,所述太阳轮具有同轴设置并同步转动的太阳轮轴;所述发动机轴通过离合器与所述太阳轮轴连接;所述行星轮系还设有太阳轮架,所述太阳轮架与所述太阳轮轴一体设置、固定连接或转动限位连接,一所述制动器用于制动所述太阳轮架,以间接制动所述太阳轮。
4.根据权利要求2所述的混合动力系统,其特征在于,所述电机轴设有电机齿轮,与所述行星齿圈啮合。
5.根据权利要求4所述的混合动力系统,其特征在于,所述行星齿圈具有外齿,所述电机齿轮与所述行星齿圈的所述外齿形成外啮合。
6.根据权利要求5所述的混合动力系统,其特征在于,所述行星齿圈的外周壁形成台阶结构,所述台阶结构的小径部分设置所述外齿,所述台阶结构的大径部分用于和所述制动器制动配合。
7.根据权利要求2所述的混合动力系统,其特征在于,所述变速箱轴设有变速箱齿轮,所述行星架设有与所述变速箱齿轮啮合的行星架齿轮。
8.根据权利要求1-7任一项所述的混合动力系统,其特征在于,还包括能够容纳所述行星轮系的壳体,所述制动器均设于所述壳体。
9.一种混合动力系统的控制方法,基于权利要求1-8任一项所述的混合动力系统,其特征在于,定义能够切断所述发动机与所述行星轮系的制动器为第一制动器,能够切断所述变速箱和所述行星轮系的制动器为第二制动器,所述控制方法包括下述模式:
纯发动机驱动模式:所述发动机处于驱动状态,控制所述离合器接合,并只控制所述第二制动器制动;
混合动力驱动模式:所述电机和所述发动机均处于驱动状态,只控制所述离合器接合;
混合发电驱动模式:所述发动机处于驱动状态,所述电机处于发电模式,只控制所述离合器接合;
纯电动驱动模式:所述发动机未启动,所述电机处于驱动状态,控制所述离合器分离,以及只控制所述第一制动器制动;
制动能量回收模式:所述发动机处于怠速或者整车制动减速状态,控制所述离合器分离,以及只控制所述第一制动器制动;
驻车模式:所述发动机未启动,或所述发动机启动且所述离合器分离,所述电机未启动,所述第一制动器和所述第二制动器均制动。
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