CN102264785B - 制备聚合离子型咪唑*化合物的方法 - Google Patents
制备聚合离子型咪唑*化合物的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102264785B CN102264785B CN200980152057.0A CN200980152057A CN102264785B CN 102264785 B CN102264785 B CN 102264785B CN 200980152057 A CN200980152057 A CN 200980152057A CN 102264785 B CN102264785 B CN 102264785B
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- imidazoles
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- 150000004693 imidazolium salts Chemical class 0.000 title abstract 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title abstract 2
- -1 amino compound Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 125000002485 formyl group Chemical class [H]C(*)=O 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 150000002373 hemiacetals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 75
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 52
- 150000002460 imidazoles Chemical class 0.000 claims description 38
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 13
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical group O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000000962 organic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000002777 acetyl group Chemical class [H]C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 7
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetaldehyde Diethyl Acetal Natural products CCOC(C)OCC DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- ZNZYKNKBJPZETN-WELNAUFTSA-N Dialdehyde 11678 Chemical compound N1C2=CC=CC=C2C2=C1[C@H](C[C@H](/C(=C/O)C(=O)OC)[C@@H](C=C)C=O)NCC2 ZNZYKNKBJPZETN-WELNAUFTSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorous acid Chemical compound OP(O)=O ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005227 gel permeation chromatography Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004984 aromatic diamines Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001241 acetals Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 27
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 18
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 17
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 15
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 9
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910004283 SiO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 7
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910014307 bSiO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052736 halogen Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 125000002883 imidazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N itaconic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(=C)C(O)=O LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000005864 Sulphur Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 150000001261 hydroxy acids Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000000467 secondary amino group Chemical group [H]N([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 description 3
- WWUVJRULCWHUSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-1-pentene Chemical compound CCCC(C)=C WWUVJRULCWHUSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WSSSPWUEQFSQQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-1-pentene Chemical compound CC(C)CC=C WSSSPWUEQFSQQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical group N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 2
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical group [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-methacrylic acid Natural products CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical group [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-M benzoate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 2
- 238000006482 condensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N glutaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCC(O)=O JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003949 imides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000003010 ionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001021 polysulfide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005077 polysulfide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000008117 polysulfides Polymers 0.000 description 2
- KIDHWZJUCRJVML-UHFFFAOYSA-N putrescine Chemical compound NCCCCN KIDHWZJUCRJVML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(ethenyl)benzene;1-ethenyl-2-ethylbenzene;styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.CCC1=CC=CC=C1C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001637 1-naphthyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C2C(*)=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C2=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butenoic acid Chemical compound CC=CC(O)=O LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004398 2-methyl-2-butyl group Chemical group CC(C)(CC)* 0.000 description 1
- MHNNAWXXUZQSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbut-1-ene Chemical compound CCC(C)=C MHNNAWXXUZQSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001622 2-naphthyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C2C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C([H])C2=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000094 2-phenylethyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004105 2-pyridyl group Chemical group N1=C([*])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004975 3-butenyl group Chemical group C(CC=C)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004917 3-methyl-2-butyl group Chemical group CC(C(C)*)C 0.000 description 1
- LDTAOIUHUHHCMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylpent-1-ene Chemical compound CCC(C)C=C LDTAOIUHUHHCMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000006201 3-phenylpropyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000003349 3-pyridyl group Chemical group N1=C([H])C([*])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004860 4-ethylphenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(=C([H])C([H])=C1*)C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000339 4-pyridyl group Chemical group N1=C([H])C([H])=C([*])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910016467 AlCl 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017008 AsF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000739 C2-C30 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000370738 Chlorion Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910021591 Copper(I) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dodecane Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LSDPWZHWYPCBBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanethiol Chemical compound SC LSDPWZHWYPCBBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XOBKSJJDNFUZPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methoxyethane Chemical compound CCOC XOBKSJJDNFUZPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUYPXLNMDZIRQH-LURJTMIESA-N N-acetyl-L-methionine Chemical compound CSCC[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC(C)=O XUYPXLNMDZIRQH-LURJTMIESA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229930040373 Paraformaldehyde Natural products 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910018286 SbF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004390 alkyl sulfonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001204 arachidyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004104 aryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002511 behenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910000085 borane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZADPBFCGQRWHPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N boronic acid Chemical compound OBO ZADPBFCGQRWHPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVYARBLCAHCSFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,1-diamine Chemical compound CCCC(N)N QVYARBLCAHCSFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003901 ceryl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-ARJAWSKDSA-N cis-but-2-ene Chemical compound C\C=C/C IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-ARJAWSKDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(I) chloride Chemical compound [Cu]Cl OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229920006037 cross link polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004210 cyclohexylmethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])(*)C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001511 cyclopentyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004851 cyclopentylmethyl group Chemical group C1(CCCC1)C* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002704 decyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- GYZLOYUZLJXAJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglycidyl ether Chemical compound C1OC1COCC1CO1 GYZLOYUZLJXAJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005982 diphenylmethyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])(*)C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- GPQWKLDEDGOJQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethane-1,1,1,2-tetramine Chemical compound NCC(N)(N)N GPQWKLDEDGOJQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCPOCMMGKBZWSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 3-hydrazinyl-3-oxopropanoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC(=O)NN HCPOCMMGKBZWSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000219 ethylidene group Chemical group [H]C(=[*])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000005826 halohydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000755 henicosyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002818 heptacosyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000003187 heptyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diamine Chemical compound NCCCCCCN NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodine Chemical compound II PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004255 ion exchange chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000468 ketone group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002463 lignoceryl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 125000002960 margaryl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LGRLWUINFJPLSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanide Chemical compound [CH3-] LGRLWUINFJPLSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930182817 methionine Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002819 montanyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001802 myricyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001421 myristyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001280 n-hexyl group Chemical group C(CCCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002465 nonacosyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001196 nonadecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001400 nonyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000913 palmityl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 125000002460 pentacosyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002958 pentadecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000003444 phase transfer catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002467 phosphate group Chemical group [H]OP(=O)(O[H])O[*] 0.000 description 1
- RYIOLWQRQXDECZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphinous acid Chemical compound PO RYIOLWQRQXDECZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003009 phosphonic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XRBCRPZXSCBRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphonous acid Chemical compound OPO XRBCRPZXSCBRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005499 phosphonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010526 radical polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-O sulfonium Chemical compound [SH3+] RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002469 tricosyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002889 tridecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- UORVGPXVDQYIDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N trihydridoboron Substances B UORVGPXVDQYIDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002221 trityl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1C([*])(C1=C(C(=C(C(=C1[H])[H])[H])[H])[H])C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002948 undecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/0605—Polycondensates containing five-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C08G73/0616—Polycondensates containing five-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with only two nitrogen atoms in the ring
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G12/00—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with only compounds containing hydrogen attached to nitrogen
- C08G12/02—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with only compounds containing hydrogen attached to nitrogen of aldehydes
- C08G12/04—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with only compounds containing hydrogen attached to nitrogen of aldehydes with acyclic or carbocyclic compounds
- C08G12/06—Amines
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/0605—Polycondensates containing five-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/0622—Polycondensates containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C08G73/0638—Polycondensates containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with at least three nitrogen atoms in the ring
- C08G73/065—Preparatory processes
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- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/16—Nitrogen-containing compounds
- C08K5/34—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen in the ring
- C08K5/3442—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen in the ring having two nitrogen atoms in the ring
- C08K5/3445—Five-membered rings
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- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及制备聚合离子型咪唑
Description
-α-二羰基化合物,
-醛,
-至少一种具有至少两个伯氨基的氨基化合物,
-如果合适的话,仅具有一个伯氨基的氨基化合物,和
-质子酸,
其中α-二羰基化合物和醛的羰基如果合适的话也可以半缩醛、缩醛或半缩酮或缩酮存在。
以上方法的进一步进展由还未公布的PCT/EP/2008/067014(PF 60394)已知。
已知聚合咪唑化合物和制备它们的方法。因此,例如WO 99/37276描述了聚合咪唑化合物,其可通过二胺,特别是具有两个咪唑基团的化合物与二溴化合物反应而得到。所得阳离子型咪唑聚合物具有溴离子作为抗衡离子。卤素阴离子由于它们具有腐蚀性而对许多应用而言是不希望的。它们用于化妆品组合物中。相应化合物及其作为相转移催化剂的用途还由Journal of Fluorine Chemistry 128(2007),第608-611页已知。
另外的方法描述于European Polymer Journal 44(2008)392-407中。使二环氧甘油醚和咪唑反应形成在聚合物主链中具有羟基的聚合咪唑化合物。这些用丙烯酸酯化使得所得聚合物可自由基交联。该交联聚合物例如适用于离子色谱法或其它分离方法。
JP 2004217565以及Hiedo Toda,Kunio Kihara,Munehiro Hashimoto和Susumu Mizogami,Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences,第77卷,第6期,1988年7月公开了咪唑衍生物与表氯醇反应得到聚合咪唑化合物及其作为离子交换树脂的用途。与表氯醇或其它环氧化合物的反应必然得到在相对于咪唑环的氮原子的β位上具有羟基的化合物。
本发明目的是发现替换的聚合咪唑化合物和制备聚合咪唑化合物的替换方法。该方法应能在工业中非常简单地实施且可以高产率制备聚合咪唑化合物。该聚合咪唑化合物应适用于考虑该类离子体系的大量应用。特别是它们应能作为分散剂例如用于无机或有机颜料或其它固体或液体颗粒。
制备方法的起始化合物
根据本发明,使作为必要原料的α-二羰基化合物、醛、至少一种具有至少两个伯氨基的氨基化合物和质子酸相互反应。以上化合物通过它们的官能团含量定义。对本发明来说,当例如化合物既含有酸官能又含有例如两个伯氨基或醛基时,例如两种上述化合物也可能是相同的。反应为缩聚。在缩聚中,发生聚合的同时消除低分子量化合物如水或醇。
在本发明的情况下,消除水。当α-二羰基化合物的羰基完全或部分以缩酮存在和/或醛的醛基以缩醛或半缩醛存在时,相应地消除醇而不是水。α-二羰基化合物
α-二羰基化合物优选为式I化合物:
R1-CO-CO-R2,
该化合物特别优选为乙二醛。
α-二羰基化合物的羰基也可以缩酮或半缩酮,优选以低级醇如C1-C10链烷醇的半缩酮或缩酮存在。此时,在稍后的缩合反应中消除醇。
α-二羰基化合物的羰基优选不以半缩酮或缩酮存在。
醛
对本发明来说,醛为具有至少一个醛基的化合物。醛特别为式II的醛:
R3-CHO,
醛的醛基也可以半缩醛或缩醛,优选以低级醇如C1-C10链烷醇的半缩醛或缩醛存在。此时,在稍后的缩合反应中消除醇。
醛基优选不以半缩醛或缩醛存在。
具有至少两个伯氨基的氨基化合物
氨基化合物为具有至少两个伯氨基的化合物。
氨基化合物可由通式III表示:
(NH2-)nR4,
其中n为大于或等于2的整数并表示氨基数。n可取非常大的值,例如n可为2-10000,特别是2-5000的整数。例如当使用聚胺如聚乙烯基胺时,n以非常大的值存在。
在优选的实施方案中,n为2-6,特别是2-4的整数。非常特别优选n=2(二胺)或n=3(三胺)。非常特别优选n=2。
R4为任何n价的有机基团。所述n价的有机基团可为聚合物如上述聚乙烯基胺的基团,因此具有相应高分子量。
有机基团不仅可含有碳和氢,还可含有杂原子如氧、氮、硫或卤素,例如为例如羟基、醚基、酯基、酰胺基、芳族杂环、酮基、醛基、伯或仲氨基、亚胺基、硫醚基或卤化物基团的官能团形式。
离子型基团,特别是阴离子型基团或可转化为阴离子型基团的基团如羧酸基团或羧酸酯基团,或经由酯键结合的磷酸基团或膦酸基团也可作为其它官能团。在该类离子型基团的情况下,氨基化合物在反应中同时起到质子酸的作用。因此可免除同时使用其它质子酸;所得聚合咪唑化合物此时为两性的,即它在相同分子中含有正电荷和负电荷。具有两个伯氨基和羧基的氨基化合物的实例为赖氨酸。
有机基团可特别是烃基,其可被含有杂原子的官能团取代或间隔。
在优选的实施方案中,氨基化合物至多含有醚基、仲氨基或叔氨基并且除了这些以外,不含有其它官能团。
例如可提及聚醚胺。
R4因此优选为纯烃基或被醚基、仲氨基或叔氨基间隔或取代的烃基。在特定实施方案中,R4为纯烃基且不含有任何官能团。
烃基可为脂族或芳族的或含有芳族和脂族基团。
可能的氨基化合物为氨基化合物,优选二胺,其中使伯氨基与脂族烃基,优选具有2-50个碳原子,特别优选3-40个碳原子的脂族烃基键合。
其它可能的氨基化合物为氨基化合物,优选二胺,其中使伯氨基与芳环体系,例如亚苯基或亚萘基直接键合,或其中使伯氨基与作为芳环体系的烷基取代基的脂族基团键合的氨基化合物。
可提及的二胺特别是C2-C20亚烷基二胺如1,4-丁二胺或1,6-己二胺。
可能的三胺例如为式IV的脂族化合物:
其中R5、R6和R7各自相互独立地为C1-C10亚烷基,特别优选C2-C6亚烷基。
在最简单的情况下,基团R5、R6和R7具有相同的含义;可提及的实例为三氨基乙基胺(R5=R6=R7=亚乙基)。
还可提及具有以下结构的化合物:
特别还可在本发明方法中使用氨基化合物的混合物。以这种方式得到在咪唑环之间含有不同分子基团的聚合咪唑化合物。使用该类混合物使得可以目标方式设置所需性能如玻璃化转变温度或弹性和硬度。同样,也可根据预期用途的要求以目标方式设置在溶剂如水或有机溶剂中溶解度、形成超分子结构的趋势和与其它分子或表面的亲合性。
作为氨基化合物的混合物,例如可使用各种脂族氨基化合物的混合物或各种芳族氨基化合物的混合物以及脂族和芳族氨基化合物的混合物。混合物中的氨基化合物可为具有不同伯氨基数的氨基化合物。当在本发明方法中使用二胺时,得到线性聚合物。当使用具有3个或更多个伯氨基的氨基化合物时,形成交联和/或支化结构。使用与具有大于2个伯氨基的氨基化合物如三胺混合的二胺允许经由三胺的比例设置所需交联度或支化度。
也可将在相对于一个伯氨基的β位上具有羟基的氨基化合物用作氨基化合物。此时,能根据现有技术通过使咪唑衍生物与表氯醇或其它环氧化合物(参见上文)反应得到的聚合咪唑化合物也可通过本发明方法得到。然而,使用该类化合物对本发明来说并不是绝对必须的,因此也可省去它。
在优选实施方案中,氨基化合物具有小于10000g/mol,特别优选小于5000g/mol,非常特别优选小于1000g/mol,特别是小于500g/mol的分子量。
可能的二胺和三胺特别是具有60-500g/mol或60-250g/mol的分子量的化合物。
其它原料
在本发明方法中,可使用其它化合物,例如为了将特定端基引入聚合物或借助其它官能团引起额外交联,设置所定义的性能或使所得聚合物在稍后时间点上可进一步反应(聚合物类似反应)。
因此,如果需要,可一起使用例如仅具有一个伯氨基的化合物以影响聚合咪唑化合物的分子量。仅具有一个伯氨基的化合物导致链终止,然后形成相关聚合物链的端基。仅具有一个伯氨基的化合物的比例越高,分子量越低。基于100mol具有至少两个伯氨基的氨基化合物,在优选的实施方案中,可使用例如0-10mol仅具有一个伯氨基的化合物。
质子酸
必须使用的质子酸可由式Ym-(H+)m表示,其中m为正整数。它也可为聚合质子酸,例如聚丙烯酸;此时,m可取非常大的值。作为该类聚合质子酸,可提及例如聚丙烯酸,聚甲基丙烯酸或者(甲基)丙烯酸、马来酸、富马酸或衣康酸与任何其它单体如(甲基)丙烯酸酯、乙烯基酯或芳族单体如苯乙烯的共聚物,或者具有多个羧基的其它聚合物。
在优选实施方案中,m为1-4的整数,特别优选1或2。在特定实施方案中,m为1。
质子酸的阴离子例如选自:
下式的卤素离子和含卤素阴离子:
F-,Cl-,Br-,I-,BF4 -,PF6 -,AlCl4 -,Al2Cl7 -,Al3Cl10 -,AlBr4 -,FeCl4 -,BCl4 -,SbF6 -,AsF6 -,ZnCl3 -,SnCl3 -,CuCl2 -;
其它已知质子酸的阴离子,例如:
CN-,SCN-,OCN-,NO2 -,NO3 -,N(CN)-;
以下通式的硫酸根、亚硫酸根和磺酸根:
SO4 2-,HSO4 -,SO3 2-,HSO3 -,RaOSO3 -,RaSO3 -;
以下通式的碳酸根和碳酸酯:
HCO3 -,CO3 2-,RaCO3 -;
以下通式的硅酸根和硅酸酯:
SiO4 4-,HSiO4 3-,H2SiO4 2-,H3SiO4 -,RaSiO4 3-,RaRbSiO4 2-,RaRbRcSiO4 -,HRaSiO4 2-,H2RaSiO4 -,HRaRbSiO4 -;
以下通式的烷基硅烷盐和芳基硅烷盐:
RaSiO3 3-,RaRbSiO2 2-,RaRbRcSiO-,RaRbRcSiO3 -,RaRbRcSiO2 -,RaRbSiO3 2-;
以下通式的酰亚胺、二(磺酰基)酰亚胺和磺酰基酰亚胺:
以下通式的甲基化物:
以下通式的醇根和酚根(aryloxide):
RaO-;
以下通式的卤代金属化物(halometalate):
[MrHalt]s-,
其中M为金属,Hal为氟、氯、溴或碘,r和t为正整数且表示配合物的化学计量,s为正整数且表示配合物的电荷;
以下通式的硫离子、硫氢根、多硫离子(polysulfide)、多硫氢根(hydrogenpolysulfide)和硫醇根:
S2-,HS-,[Sv]2-,[HSv]-,[RaS]-,
其中v为2-10的正整数;
配合物金属离子如Fe(CN)6 3-,Fe(CN)6 4-,MnO4 -,Fe(CO)4 -。
质子酸的阴离子优选选自:
以下通式的磷酸根:
PO4 3-,HPO4 2-,H2PO4 -,RaPO4 2-,HRaPO4 -,RaRbPO4 -;
以下通式的膦酸根和次膦酸根:
RaHPO3 -,RaRbPO2 -,RaRbPO3 -;
以下通式的亚磷酸根:
PO3 3-,HPO3 2-,H2PO3 -,RaPO3 2-,RaHPO3 -,RaRbPO3 -;
以下通式的亚膦酸根和次亚膦酸根:
RaRbPO2 -,RaHPO2 -,RaRbPO-,RaHPO-;
以下通式的羧酸根:
RaCOO-;Re(-COO-)f;
以下通式的硼酸根:
BO3 3-,HBO3 2-,H2BO3 -,RaRbBO3 -,RaHBO3 -,RaBO3 2-,
B(ORa)(ORb)(ORc)(ORd)-,B(HSO4)-,B(RaSO4)-;
以下通式的硼烷酸根(boronate):
RaBO2 2-,RaRbBO-;和
卤代烃:
CF3SO3 -,(CF3SO3)2N-CF3CO2 -,CCl3CO2 -。
在上述式中,Ra、Rb、Rc和Rd各自相互独立地为非酸性氢,C1-C30烷基及其芳基-、杂芳基-、环烷基-、卤素-、羟基-、氨基-、羧基-、甲酰基-、-O-、-CO-、-CO-O-或-CO-N<取代的衍生物,例如甲基、乙基、1-丙基、2-丙基、1-丁基、2-丁基、2-甲基-1-丙基(异丁基)、2-甲基-2-丙基(叔丁基)、1-戊基、2-戊基、3-戊基、2-甲基-1-丁基、3-甲基-1-丁基、2-甲基-2-丁基、3-甲基-2-丁基、2,2-二甲基-1-丙基、1-己基、2-己基、3-己基、2-甲基-1-戊基、3-甲基-1-戊基、4-甲基-1-戊基、2-甲基-2-戊基、3-甲基-2-戊基、4-甲基-2-戊基、2-甲基-3-戊基、3-甲基-3-戊基、2,2-二甲基-1-丁基、2,3-二甲基-1-丁基、3,3-二甲基-1-丁基、2-乙基-1-丁基、2,3-二甲基-2-丁基、3,3-二甲基-2-丁基、庚基、辛基、壬基、癸基、十一烷基、十二烷基、十三烷基、十四烷基、十五烷基、十六烷基、十七烷基、十八烷基、十九烷基、二十烷基、二十一烷基、二十二烷基、二十三烷基、二十四烷基、二十五烷基、二十六烷基、二十七烷基、二十八烷基、二十九烷基、三十烷基、苯基甲基(苄基)、二苯基甲基、三苯基甲基、2-苯基乙基、3-苯基丙基、环戊基甲基、2-环戊基乙基、3-环戊基丙基、环己基甲基、2-环己基乙基、3-环己基丙基、甲氧基、乙氧基、甲酰基、乙酰基,或CqF2(q-a)+(1-b)H2a+b,其中q≤30,0≤a≤q和b=0或1(例如CF3、C2F5、CH2CH2-C(q-2)F2(q-2)+1、C6F13、C8F17、C10F21、C12F25);
C3-C12环烷基及其芳基-、杂芳基-、环烷基-、卤素-、羟基-、氨基-、羧基-、甲酰基-、-O-、-CO-或-CO-O-取代的衍生物,例如环戊基、2-甲基-1-环戊基、3-甲基-1-环戊基、环己基、2-甲基-1-环己基、3-甲基-1-环己基、4-甲基-1-环己基或CqF2(q-a)-(1-b)H2a-b,其中q≤30,0≤a≤q和b=0或1;C2-C30链烯基及其芳基-、杂芳基-、环烷基-、卤素-、羟基-、氨基-、羧基-、甲酰基-、-O-、-CO-或-CO-O-取代的衍生物,例如2-丙烯基、3-丁烯基、顺式-2-丁烯基、反式-2-丁烯基或CqF2(q-a)-(1-b)H2a-b,其中q≤30,0≤a≤q和b=0或1;
C3-C12环链烯基及其芳基-、杂芳基-、环烷基-、卤素-、羟基-、氨基-、羧基-、甲酰基-、-O-、-CO-或-CO-O-取代的衍生物,例如3-环戊烯基、2-环己烯基、3-环己烯基、2,5-环己二烯基或CqF2(q-a)-3(1-b)H2a-3b,其中q≤30,0≤a≤q和b=0或1;
具有2-30个碳原子的芳基或杂芳基及其烷基-、芳基-、杂芳基-、环烷基-、卤素-、羟基-、氨基-、羧基-、甲酰基-、-O-、-CO-或-CO-O-取代的衍生物,例如苯基、2-甲基苯基(2-甲苯基)、3-甲基苯基(3-甲苯基)、4-甲基苯基、2-乙基苯基、3-乙基苯基、4-乙基苯基、2,3-二甲基苯基、2,4-二甲基苯基、2,5-二甲基苯基、2,6-二甲基苯基、3,4-二甲基苯基、3,5-二甲基苯基、4-苯基苯基、1-萘基、2-萘基、1-吡咯基、2-吡咯基、3-吡咯基、2-吡啶基、3-吡啶基、4-吡啶基或C6F(5-a)Ha,其中0≤a≤5;或
两个基团形成不饱和、饱和或芳族环,其可任选被官能团芳基、烷基、芳氧基、烷氧基、卤素、杂原子和/或杂环取代,并可任选被一个或多个氧和/或硫原子和/或被一个或多个取代和未取代的亚氨基间隔。
特别优选Ra、Rb、Rc和Rd各自相互独立地为氢,特别优选C1-C10烷基,优选C1-C4烷基。
Re(参见多元羧酸的上式)为与多个羧酸基团键合的有机基团。相应地,f为至少2的整数。该类多元羧酸可例如为马来酸或衣康酸、邻苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸或对苯二甲酸;其它可能的为可例如通过烯属不饱和化合物,尤其可使用具有一个或两个羧酸基团的单体,例如(甲基)丙烯酸的自由基聚合得到的聚合化合物。
质子酸的阴离子优选为具有至少1,特别是至少2且在非常特别优选的实施方案中至少4(在25℃、1巴下于水或二甲亚砜中测定)的pKa的质子酸的阴离子。
pKa为酸常数Ka以10为底的负对数。
为此pKa在25℃、1巴下于作为溶剂的水或二甲亚砜中测定;根据本发明,因此阴离子在水或二甲亚砜中具有相应pKa就足够了。特别是当阴离子不易溶于水时使用二甲亚砜。两种溶剂的信息可以在标准参考书中找到。
因此质子酸优选不为pKa小于1的卤素的质子酸;特别地,它不是HCl和HBr且阴离子相应地不为氯离子或溴离子。
特别优选羧酸,即上述以下通式的羧酸根的质子酸:
RaCOO-和Re(-COO-)f
作为该类羧酸或羧酸根,特别可提及具有1-20个碳原子并含有一个或两个羧酸根,优选一个羧酸根的有机化合物。
羧酸或羧酸根可为脂族或芳族化合物。这里,芳族化合物为含有芳族基团的化合物。特别优选除了羧酸根的氧原子外不含其它杂原子或至多含有一个或两个羟基、羰基或醚基的脂族或芳族化合物。非常特别优选除了羧酸根的氧原子外不含其它杂原子的脂族或芳族化合物。
作为具有两个羧酸根的化合物,可以提及例如邻苯二甲酸,间苯二甲酸,C2-C6二羧酸,例如草酸、丙二酸、琥珀酸、戊二酸、己二酸的阴离子。
作为具有一个羧酸根的化合物,可以提及脂族、芳族、饱和或不饱和C1-C20羧酸,特别是链烷羧酸、链烯羧酸、链炔羧酸、链二烯羧酸、链三烯羧酸、羟基羧酸或酮羧酸或者芳族羧酸如苯甲酸或苯乙酸的阴离子。合适的链烷羧酸、链烯羧酸和链二烯羧酸也称为脂肪酸。
作为阴离子Y-,特别可以提及苯甲酸根阴离子和可以任选被一个或两个羟基,优选一个羟基取代的C1-C20链烷羧酸的阴离子。特别优选苯甲酸根阴离子和C2-C20链烷羧酸的阴离子,特别是乙酸根阴离子和丙酸根阴离子,非常特别优选乙酸根阴离子,相应地乙酸作为质子酸。
除了羧酸(羧酸根)外,其它优选的质子酸或优选的质子酸阴离子还有磺酸、磷酸或膦酸,其中能将磺酸、磷酸或膦酸的酸基团部分酯化。
作为磷酸及其酯,特别可提及式VII化合物:
其中R′和R″各自相互独立地为氢或C1-C10烷基,优选C1-C4烷基。
作为膦酸及其酯,特别可提及式VIII化合物:
其中R′和R″各自相互独立地为氢或C1-C10烷基,优选C1-C4烷基。
进行该方法的方法
起始化合物的反应优选在水、水混溶性溶剂或其混合物中进行。
水混溶性溶剂特别是质子溶剂,优选具有不超过4个碳原子的脂族醇或醚,例如甲醇、乙醇、甲基乙基醚、四氢呋喃。合适的质子溶剂可以任何比例与水混溶(在1巴,21℃下)。
反应优选在水或水与上述质子溶剂的混合物中进行。反应特别优选在水中进行。
起始组分的反应可在例如0.1-10巴,特别是大气压和例如5-100℃,特别是5-50℃,特别优选10-40℃的温度下进行。
起始组分可以任何顺序混合。
反应可以分批、半连续或连续地进行。在半连续的操作模式中,例如可以首先加入至少一种起始化合物,计量加入其它起始组分。
在连续的操作模式中,起始组分连续混合且将产物混合物连续排出。起始组分可以单独或作为所有或部分起始组分的混合物供入。在特定实施方案中,预先将胺和酸混合并作为一股料流供入,而其它组分可以单独或同样作为混合物供入(第二股料流)。
在其它特定实施方案中,预先将含有羰基的所有起始组分(即α-二羰基化合物、醛和如果阴离子X为羧酸根时阴离子X的质子酸)混合并作为一股料流一起供入;然后单独供入剩余的胺化合物。
连续制备可以在任何反应容器即搅拌容器中进行。优选在搅拌容器的级联如2-4个搅拌容器中,或在管式反应器中进行。
反应原则上根据以下反应方程式进行。
当以上述等摩尔量使用化合物时,可获得高分子量。
也可通过常规方法将聚合化合物从溶液中分离出来。在最简单的情况下,溶剂如水可通过蒸馏或通过喷雾干燥而除去。
Mn也可例如取500-500000g/mol,特别是500-50000g/mol的值。
多分散性(重均分子量与数均分子量之比Mw/Mn)可例如具有1.1-100,特别是1.5-20的值。
分子量可由凝胶渗透色谱法测定;以上所述适用于以这种方式测定的分子量。
其中R1、R2、R3和R4如上所定义,不同的是这里R4为在相对于咪唑环氮原子的β位不含有羟基的(n-1)价有机基团,且缔合的阴离子不为溴离子。
其中x为整数,R1、R2、R3和R4如上所定义,不同的是这里R4为在相对于咪唑环氮原子的β位不含有羟基的有机基团,且缔合的阴离子为其质子酸具有大于1的pKa的阴离子。这里可注意到制备方法必然得到具有不同链长的聚合物,使得在所得混合物中的x的平均值可具有任意值且通常不为整数。
本发明的聚合离子型咪唑化合物含有阳离子型咪唑聚合物和抗衡离子。在优选实施方案中,阳离子型咪唑聚合物含有大于60重量%,特别是大于80重量%,特别优选大于90重量%或大于95重量%的上式IV或V的结构单元。
a)衍生自甲醛、乙二醛和丁二胺的聚合物:
b)衍生自甲醛、乙二醛和三氨基亚乙基胺的聚合物:
c)衍生自甲醛、乙二醛和聚乙烯基胺的聚合物:
实施例1-9
实施例1和2的程序描述在表中。在实施例3-9中聚合物的制备根据在实施例2中的制备方法进行。
Claims (17)
2.根据权利要求1的方法,其中α-二羰基化合物为式I化合物:
R1-CO-CO-R2
其中R1和R2各自相互独立地为H原子或具有1-20个碳原子的有机基团。
3.根据权利要求2的方法,其中α-二羰基化合物为乙二醛。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任一项的方法,其中所述醛为式II的醛:
R3-CHO
其中R3为H原子或具有1-20个碳原子的有机基团。
5.根据权利要求1-3中任一项的方法,其中所述醛为甲醛。
6.根据权利要求1-3中任一项的方法,其中氨基化合物为式III化合物:
(NH2-)nR4
其中n为大于或等于2的整数,R4为任何n价有机基团。
7.根据权利要求1-3中任一项的方法,其中氨基化合物为脂族或芳族二胺或三胺。
8.根据权利要求1-3中任一项的方法,其中氨基化合物为C2-C20亚烷基二胺。
9.根据权利要求1-3中任一项的方法,其中将不同氨基化合物的混合物用作氨基化合物。
10.根据权利要求1-3中任一项的方法,其中质子酸为式Ym-(H+)m的酸,其中m为整数。
11.根据权利要求10的方法,其中m为14的整数。
12.根据权利要求1-3中任一项的方法,其中质子酸为pKa大于1的酸。
13.根据权利要求1-3中任一项的方法,其中质子酸为羧酸、磺酸、磷酸或膦酸,其中可将磺酸、磷酸或膦酸的酸基团部分酯化。
14.根据权利要求1-3中任一项的方法,其中质子酸为乙酸。
15.根据权利要求1-3中任一项的方法,其中所述方法在水、水混溶性溶剂或其混合物中进行。
17.根据权利要求16的含有咪唑基团的聚合离子型化合物,其中通过凝胶渗透色谱法测定的数均分子量Mn大于500。
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CA2745367A1 (en) | 2010-07-01 |
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IL213310A0 (en) | 2011-07-31 |
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RU2515989C2 (ru) | 2014-05-20 |
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