CN102216995A - 具有电子反射绝缘间隔层的通量闭合stram - Google Patents

具有电子反射绝缘间隔层的通量闭合stram Download PDF

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CN102216995A
CN102216995A CN2009801437408A CN200980143740A CN102216995A CN 102216995 A CN102216995 A CN 102216995A CN 2009801437408 A CN2009801437408 A CN 2009801437408A CN 200980143740 A CN200980143740 A CN 200980143740A CN 102216995 A CN102216995 A CN 102216995A
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Y·郑
D·季米特洛夫
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Seagate Technology LLC
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Abstract

公开了具有镜绝缘间隔层的通量闭合自旋转移矩存储器。通量闭合的自旋转移矩存储单元包括多层自由磁性元件,其包括通过电绝缘且电子反射层反铁磁地耦合到第二自由磁性层的第一自由磁性层。电绝缘且非磁性隧穿阻挡层将自由磁性元件与参考磁性层分离。

Description

具有电子反射绝缘间隔层的通量闭合STRAM
背景技术
普及性计算和手持/通信产业的快速发展引起对大容量非易失性固态数据存储设备的爆炸式需求。相信非易失性存储器尤其是闪存将代替DRAM占据存储器市场的最大份额。然而,闪存具有若干缺陷,例如慢存取速度(~ms写和~50-100ns读)、有限的使用寿命(~103-104编程循环)以及片上系统(SoC)的集成难度。闪存(NAND或NOR)在32nm节点及以上也面对重大的等比缩放(scaling)问题。
磁阻随机存取存储器(MRAM)是未来非易失性和通用存储器的另一个有前景的候选。MRAM具有非易失、快写/读速度(<10ns)、几乎无限的编程寿命(>1015次循环)和零待机功率的特征。MRAM的基本组件是磁性隧穿结(MTJ)。数据存储是通过在高阻态和低阻态之间切换MTJ的电阻来实现的。MRAM通过使用电流感应的磁场来切换MTJ的磁化强度从而切换MTJ电阻。随着MTJ尺寸缩小,切换磁场振幅增加且切换变化变得严重。因此,所引发的高功耗限制了传统MRAM的等比缩小。
最近,基于自旋极化电流感应的磁化切换的新型写入机制被引入到MRAM设计中。被称为自旋转移矩RAM(STRAM)的这种新型MRAM设计使用流过MTJ的(双向)电流以实现电阻切换。因此,STRAM的切换机制是局部约束的并且相信STRAM具有比传统MRAM更好的缩放特性。
然而,在STRAM进入生产阶段前必须克服许多产量限制因素。传统STRAM设计的一个考虑因素是STRAM单元的自由层厚度折衷。较厚的自由层提高热稳定性和数据保持,但也增加切换电流要求,因为切换电流与自由层的厚度成比例。因此,使STRAM单元在电阻数据状态之间切换所需的电流量很大。
发明内容
本公开涉及包括镜绝缘体间隔层的通量闭合(flux-closed)自旋转移矩存储单元。镜绝缘体间隔层也被称为电绝缘且电子反射层。电绝缘且电子反射层将自旋电子反射回自由层以帮助切换自由层的磁化方向,因此减小自旋转移矩存储单元所需的切换电流。
在一个具体实施例中,公开了一种具有镜绝缘间隔层的通量闭合自旋转移矩存储器。通量闭合的自旋转移矩存储单元包括多层自由磁性元件,其包括通过电绝缘且电子反射层反铁磁地耦合到第二自由磁性层的第一自由磁性层。电绝缘且非磁性隧穿阻挡层将自由磁性元件与参考磁性层分离。
通过阅读下面的详细描述,这些以及各种其它的特征和优点将会显而易见。
附图简述
考虑下面与附图相结合的本公开的各种实施例的详细描述,可以更加全面地理解本发明:
图1是处于低阻态的示例性磁性隧穿结(MTJ)的横截面示意图;
图2是处于高阻态的示例性MTJ的横截面示意图;
图3是示例性通量闭合自旋转移矩存储单元的示意图;
图4A是示例性不均匀电绝缘且电子反射层的横截面示意图;
图4B是另一个示例性不均匀电绝缘且电子反射层的横截面示意图;
图5是包括多层参考层的示例性通量闭合自旋转移矩存储单元的示意图;
图6A是包括间隔层的示例性通量闭合自旋转移矩存储单元的示意图;
图6B是包括间隔层和多层参考层的示例性通量闭合自旋转移矩存储单元的示意图;
图7A是包括间隔层和第二镜间隔层的示例性通量闭合自旋转移矩存储单元的示意图;以及
图7B是包括间隔层、多层参考层和第二镜间隔层的示例性通量闭合自旋转移矩存储单元的示意图。
各附图不一定按比例绘制。附图中使用的类似附图标记表示类似组件。然而,应该理解,使用附图标记指代给定附图中的某个组件并不对其它附图中用相同附图标记标示的组件构成限制。
具体实施方式
在以下说明书中,参照构成说明书一部分并以示例方式示出若干特定实施方式的一组附图。应该理解,可以构想出其它实施方式,但不脱离本公开的范围或精神。因此,下面的详细说明不应理解为限定。本文提供的定义是为了便于本文频繁使用的某些术语的理解并且不旨在限定本公开的范围。
除非另行指定,在说明书和权利要求书中使用的表示特征尺寸、量和物理特征的全部数字应当理解为在任何情形下可由术语“大约”就行修饰。因此,除非明示相反情形,否则说明书之前和所附权利要求书中阐述的数字参数是近似值,这些近似值能根据由本领域内技术人员尝试利用本文披露的教导获得的所需特性而改变。
通过端点对数值范围的列举包括包容在该范围内的全部数值(例如1-5包括1、1.5、2、2.75、3、3.80、4和5)以及该范围内的任一范围。
如说明书以及所附权利要求书中所使用地,单数形式的“一”、“该”以及“所述”涵盖具有复数对象的实施方式,除非上下文明确地指出其它情形。如说明书和所附权利要求书中使用地,术语“或”通常用于包括“和/或”的语境中,除非内容明确地指出相反情形。
本公开涉及包括镜绝缘体间隔层的通量闭合自旋转移矩存储器。镜绝缘体间隔层也被称为电绝缘且电子反射层。电绝缘且电子反射层将自旋电子反射回自由层以帮助切换自由层的磁化方向,因此减小自旋转移矩存储单元所需的切换电流。自由层元件的通量闭合结构提高存储单元的热稳定性和数据保持。而且,由于自由层元件的矩接近零,使得存储单元阵列中与相邻存储单元的磁干扰最小化。尽管本公开并非局限于此,然而本公开各个方面的理解可通过下面提供的示例阐述而获得。
图1是处于低阻态的示例性磁隧穿结(MTJ)单元10的横截面示意图,而图2是处于高阻态的示例性MTJ单元10的横截面示意图。MTJ单元可以是能够在高阻态和低阻态之间切换的任何有用存储单元。在很多实施例中,本文所述的可变电阻存储单元是自旋转移矩存储单元。
MTJ单元10包括铁磁体自由层12和铁磁体参考(即,钉扎)层14。铁磁体自由层12和铁磁体参考层14由氧化物阻挡层13或隧穿阻挡层分离。第一电极15与铁磁体自由层12电接触,而第二电极16与铁磁体参考层14电接触。铁磁体层12、14可由例如铁、钴、镍的任何有用铁磁(FM)合金制成,并且绝缘隧穿阻挡层13可由例如氧化物材料(例如Al2O3或MgO)的电绝缘材料制成。也可使用其它技术。
电极15、16将铁磁体层12、14电连接至提供通过铁磁体层12、14的读和写电流的控制电路。MTJ单元10两端的电阻由铁磁体层12、14的磁化矢量的相对方向或磁化方向确定。铁磁体参考层14的磁化方向被钉扎在预定方向而铁磁体自由层12的磁化方向在自旋矩影响下自由旋转。铁磁体参考层14的钉扎可通过例如使用与诸如PtMn、IrMn等反铁磁规则材料交换偏磁来实现。
图1示出处于低阻态的MTJ单元10,其中铁磁体自由层12的磁化方向是平行的并处于与铁磁体参考层14磁化方向相同的方向。这被称为低阻态或“0”数据状态。图2示出处于高阻态的MTJ单元10,其中铁磁体自由层12的磁化方向是反平行的并与铁磁体参考层14的磁化方向相反的方向。这被称为高阻态或“1”数据状态。
当流过MTJ单元10的磁性层的电流变为自旋极化并将自旋矩施加在MTJ 10的自由层12上时,通过自旋转移切换电阻状态并因此切换MTJ单元10的数据状态。当将足够的自旋矩施加于自由层12时,自由层12的磁化方向可在两相反方向上切换并因此MTJ单元10可在平行状态(即低阻态或“0”数据状态)和反平行状态(即高阻态或“1”数据状态)之间切换,这取决于电流的方向。
示例性自旋转移矩MTJ单元10可用来构造包含多个可变电阻存储单元的存储设备,其中通过改变自由磁性层12相对于钉扎磁性层14的相对磁化状态来将数据位存储在磁性隧道结单元中。可通过测量随自由层相对于钉扎的磁性层的磁化方向改变的单元电阻而读出存储的数据位。为使自旋转移矩MTJ单元10具有非易失随机存取存储器的特征,自由层对于随机波动表现出热稳定性,从而自由层的方向仅当受到控制而作出这种改变时才会改变。该热稳定性可使用不同方法经由磁各向异性而获得,例如改变位尺寸、形状和晶态各向异性。可通过要么借助交换要么借助磁场对其它磁性层的磁耦合来获得额外的各向异性。通常来说,各向异性使得软轴和硬轴形成在薄磁性层中。硬轴和软轴是通过沿该方向完全旋转(饱和)磁化方向所需的通常以磁场形式的外部能量的量级定义的,其中硬轴要求较高的饱和磁场。
图3是示例性自旋转移矩存储单元20的示意图。自旋转移矩存储单元20包括多层自由磁性元件FL、参考磁性层RL以及将多层自由磁性元件FL和参考磁性层RL分离的电绝缘且非磁性隧穿阻挡层TB。
多层自由磁性元件FL包括第一自由磁性层FL1,该第一自由磁性层FL1通过电绝缘且电子反射层ER反铁磁地耦合到第二自由磁性层FL2。第一自由磁性层FL1具有与第二自由磁性层FL2磁化方向成反平行关系的磁化方向。因此,这种双结自由层元件被称为“通量闭合(flux-closed)”结构。反铁磁地耦合可来自层间耦合或静态耦合。因此可通过自旋极化电流容易地切换这种通量闭合自由磁性元件。这种通量闭合自由磁性元件具有高热稳定性和高数据保持。此外,通量闭合自由磁性元件的净矩为零或接近零,因此无静态场施加在相邻单元上且单元之间的干扰最小化。
如上所述,参考磁性层RL可以是具有大于0.5的可接受自旋极化范围的任何有用铁磁材料。如上所述,自由磁性层FL1和FL2可以是具有可接受各向异性的任何铁磁材料。如上所述,第一电极层E1和第二电极层E2提供能使多层自由磁性元件FL的磁化方向在两个相反方向之间切换的电子电流,因此自旋转移矩存储单元20能够在平行状态(即低阻态或“0”数据状态)和反平行状态(即高阻态或“1”数据状态)之间切换,这取决于电流的方向。
电绝缘且电子反射层ER可以是薄氧化物层或氮化物层且由诸如MgO、CuO、TiO、AlO、TaO、TaN或SiN之类的任何有用的电绝缘且电子反射材料形成。电绝缘且电子反射层ER的厚度可以在3至15埃的范围中或5至15埃的范围中。电绝缘且电子反射层ER具有1至10欧姆μm2的面电阻。
电绝缘且电子反射层ER能够将至少一部分电子反射回自由磁性层FL1和/或FL2并且允许至少一部分电子穿过电绝缘且电子反射层ER。这些反射的电子能够增强自旋电流效率,有效地减小使存储单元20在平行状态(即低阻态或“0”数据状态)和反平行状态(即高阻态或“1”数据状态)之间切换所需施加的通过通量闭合自旋转移矩存储单元20的电流量。因此,因为电绝缘且电子反射层ER能够反射自旋电子以增加自旋电流效率,所以能够显著减小切换电流。
在一些实施例中,电绝缘且电子反射层ER可具有不均匀的厚度。由此导致的扭曲电流(canted current)能进一步增加自旋效率以进一步减小切换电流。不均匀的电绝缘且电子反射层ER还能减小串联电阻以维持输出信号。
在一些实施例中,电绝缘且电子反射层ER可具有不均匀的厚度。由此导致的扭曲电流(canted current)能进一步增加自旋效率以进一步减小切换电流。不均匀的电绝缘且电子反射层ER还能减小串联电阻以维持输出信号。尽管以下示出并描述不均匀电绝缘且电子反射层ER的两个实施例,但应理解任何不均匀电绝缘且电子反射层ER结构在本公开的范围内。
图4A是示例性不均匀电绝缘且电子反射层ER的横截面示意图.在该所示的具有不均匀厚度的电绝缘且电子反射层ER的实施例中,电绝缘且电子反射层ER具有限定峰和谷的相对主表面S1和S2,并为电绝缘且电子反射层ER提供多个变化厚度T1、T2和T3。电流沿电绝缘且电子反射层ER的厚度方向传播通过相对的非平面主表面S1和S2。
图4B是另一个示例性不均匀电绝缘且电子反射层ER的横截面示意图。在该所示的具有不均匀厚度的电绝缘且电子反射层ER的实施例中,电绝缘且电子反射层ER具有相对的平面主表面S1和S2。相对的平面主表面S1和S2限定具有第一厚度T1并减小到第二厚度T2的连续的倾斜电绝缘且电子反射层ER。电流沿电绝缘且电子反射层ER的厚度方向传播通过相对的非平面主表面S1和S2。
图5是另一个示例性通量闭合自旋转移矩存储单元30的示意图。该实施例类似于图3,且增加形成参考层RL的合成反铁磁体元件。自旋转移矩存储单元30包括多层自由磁性元件FL、参考磁性层RL以及将多层自由磁性元件FL和参考磁性层RL分离的电绝缘且非磁性隧穿阻挡层TB。
多层自由磁性元件FL包括第一自由磁性层FL1,该第一自由磁性层FL1通过电子电绝缘且电子反射层ER反铁磁地耦合到第二自由磁性层FL2。第一自由磁性层FL1具有与第二自由磁性层FL2是磁化方向成反平行关系的磁化方向。因此,如上所述,这种双结自由层元件被称为“通量闭合”结构。
所示的参考磁性层RL被称为合成反铁磁体元件。合成反铁磁体元件包括通过导电且非磁性间隔层SP1分离的第一铁磁体层FM1和第二铁磁体层FM2。导电且非磁性间隔层SP1被配置成使得第一铁磁体层FM1和第二铁磁体层FM2反铁磁地对齐,且在很多实施例中,第一铁磁体层FM1和第二铁磁体层FM2具有反平行磁化方向,示出一种这样的方向。反铁磁体层AFM与第二电极层E2相邻。反铁磁体层AFM有助于钉扎第一铁磁体层FM1和第二铁磁体层FM2的磁化方向。
在所公开的自旋转移矩存储单元中使用合成反铁磁体元件具有若干优点。一些优点包括自由层的静态场减小、参考层的热稳定性改善以及层间扩散减少。
如上所述,第一铁磁体层FM1可以是具有大于0.5的可接受自旋极化范围的任何有用铁磁材料。第二铁磁体层FM2可以是如上所述的任何有用铁磁材料。反铁磁体层AFM通过例如使用与诸如PtMn、IrMn等反铁磁规则材料交换偏磁来钉扎铁磁体层。导电且非磁性间隔层SP1可由诸如Ru、Pd等任何有用的导电且非铁磁材料形成。
如上所述,自由磁性层FL1和FL2可以是具有可接受各向异性的任何铁磁材料。如上所述,第一电极层E1和第二电极层E2提供能使多层自由磁性元件FL的磁化方向在两个相反方向之间切换的电子电流,因此自旋转移矩存储单元30能够在平行状态(即低阻态或“0”数据状态)和反平行状态(即高阻态或“1”数据状态)之间切换,这取决于电流的方向。
电绝缘且电子反射层ER可以是薄氧化物层或氮化物层且由诸如MgO、CuO、TiO、AlO、TaO、TaN或SiN之类的任何有用的电绝缘且电子反射材料形成。电绝缘且电子反射层ER的厚度可以在3至15埃的范围中或5至15埃的范围中。电绝缘且电子反射层ER具有1至10欧姆μm2的面电阻。
电绝缘且电子反射层ER能够将至少一部分电子反射回自由磁性层FL1和/或FL2并且允许至少一部分电子穿过电绝缘且电子反射层ER。这些反射的电子能够增强自旋电流效率,有效地减小使存储单元30在平行状态(即低阻态或“0”数据状态)和反平行状态(即高阻态或“1”数据状态)之间切换所需施加的通过通量闭合自旋转移矩存储单元30的电流量。因此,因为电绝缘且电子反射层ER能够反射自旋电子以增加自旋电流效率,所以能够显著减小切换电流。
在一些实施例中,电绝缘且电子反射层ER可具有不均匀的厚度。由此导致的扭曲电流(canted current)能进一步增加自旋效率以进一步减小切换电流。不均匀的电绝缘且电子反射层ER还能减小串联电阻以维持输出信号。
图6A是另一个示例性通量闭合自旋转移矩存储单元40的示意图。该实施例类似于图3,且在多层自由磁性元件FL中增加导电且非磁性间隔层SP2。自旋转移矩存储单元40包括多层自由磁性元件FL、参考磁性层RL以及将多层自由磁性元件FL和参考磁性层RL分离的电绝缘且非磁性隧穿阻挡层TB。第二电极层E2与参考磁性层RL相邻。
多层自由磁性元件FL包括第一自由磁性层FL1,该第一自由磁性层FL1通过电绝缘且电子反射层ER和导电且非磁性间隔层SP2反铁磁地耦合到第二自由磁性层FL2。导电且非磁性间隔层SP2将电绝缘且电子反射层ER与第二自由磁性层FL2分离。然而,在其它实施例中,导电且非磁性间隔层SP2将电绝缘且电子反射层ER与第一自由磁性层FL1分离。第一自由磁性层FL1具有与第二自由磁性层FL2是磁化方向成反平行关系的磁化方向。因此,如上所述,这种双结自由层元件被称为“通量闭合”结构。
图6B是另一个示例性通量闭合自旋转移矩存储单元40的示意图。该实施例类似于图6A,且增加形成参考层RL的合成反铁磁体元件。自旋转移矩存储单元40包括多层自由磁性元件FL、参考磁性层RL以及将多层自由磁性元件FL和参考磁性层RL分离的电绝缘且非磁性隧穿阻挡层TB。
所示的参考磁性层RL被称为合成反铁磁体元件。合成反铁磁体元件包括通过导电且非磁性间隔层SP1分离的第一铁磁体层FM1和第二铁磁体层FM2。导电且非磁性间隔层SP1被配置成使得第一铁磁体层FM1和第二铁磁体层FM2反铁磁地对齐,且很多实施例中,第一铁磁体层FM1和第二铁磁体层FM2具有反平行磁化方向,如图所示。反铁磁体层AFM与第二电极层E2相邻。反铁磁体层AFM有助于钉扎第一铁磁体层FM1和第二铁磁体层FM2的磁化方向。
在所公开的自旋转移矩存储单元中使用合成反铁磁体元件具有若干优点。一些优点包括自由层的静态场减小、参考层的热稳定性改善以及层间扩散减少。
如上所述,第一铁磁体层FM1和第二铁磁体层FM2可以是具有大于0.5的可接受自旋极化范围的任何有用铁磁材料。反铁磁体层AFM通过例如使用与诸如PtMn、IrMn等反铁磁规则材料交换偏磁来钉扎铁磁体层。导电且非磁性间隔层SP1和SP2可由诸如Ru、Pd等任何有用的导电且非铁磁材料形成。
如上所述,自由磁性层FL1和FL2可以是具有可接受各向异性的任何铁磁材料。如上所述,第一电极层E1和第二电极层E2提供能使多层自由磁性元件FL的磁化方向在两个相反方向之间切换的电子电流,因此自旋转移矩存储单元40能够在平行状态(即低阻态或“0”数据状态)和反平行状态(即高阻态或“1”数据状态)之间切换,这取决于电流的方向。
电绝缘且电子反射层ER可以是薄氧化物层或氮化物层且由诸如MgO、CuO、TiO、AlO、TaO、TaN或SiN之类的任何有用的电绝缘且电子反射材料形成。电绝缘且电子反射层ER的厚度可以在3至15埃的范围中或5至15埃的范围中。在很多实施例中,电绝缘且电子反射层ER具有1至10欧姆μm2的面电阻。
在一些实施例中,其中多层自由磁性元件FL包括电绝缘且电子反射层ER(具有3-20埃的厚度)和导电且非磁性间隔层SP2(具有5-20埃的厚度),电绝缘且电子反射层ER可具有诸如5至50欧姆μm2之类的较大面电阻。用于这些实施例的适当电绝缘且电子反射ER材料包括例如CoFe-O、AlO、NiFeO、MgO、CoFeB-O、NiFe-O,其中导电且非磁性间隔层SP2材料包括例如Cu、Au、Ag、Cr、Al、Ta、Ru或W。
电绝缘且电子反射层ER能够将至少一部分电子反射回自由磁性层FL1和/或FL2并且允许至少一部分电子穿过电绝缘且电子反射层ER。这些反射的电子能够增强自旋电流效率,有效地减小使存储单元40在平行状态(即低阻态或“0”数据状态)和反平行状态(即高阻态或“1”数据状态)之间切换所需施加的通过通量闭合自旋转移矩存储单元40的电流量。因此,因为电绝缘且电子反射层ER能够反射自旋电子以增加自旋电流效率,所以能够显著减小切换电流。
在一些实施例中,如上所述,电绝缘且电子反射层ER可具有不均匀的厚度。由此导致的扭曲电流(canted current)能进一步增加自旋效率以进一步减小切换电流。不均匀的电绝缘且电子反射层ER还能减小串联电阻以维持输出信号。
图7A是另一个示例性通量闭合自旋转移矩存储单元50的示意图。该实施例类似于图6A,且在多层自由磁性元件FL中增加电子电绝缘且电子反射层ER。自旋转移矩存储单元50包括多层自由磁性元件FL、参考磁性层RL以及将多层自由磁性元件FL和参考磁性层RL分离的电绝缘且非磁性隧穿阻挡层TB。
多层自由磁性元件FL包括第一自由磁性层FL1,该第一自由磁性层FL1通过电子电绝缘且电子反射层ER和导电、非磁性间隔层SP2和第二电子电绝缘和电子反射层ER2反铁磁地耦合到第二自由磁性层FL2。导电且非磁性间隔层SP2将电子电绝缘且电子反射层ER与第二电子电绝缘且电子反射层ER2分离。第一自由磁性层FL1具有与第二自由磁性层FL2是磁化方向成反平行关系的磁化方向。因此,如上所述,这种双结自由层元件被称为“通量闭合”结构。
图7B是另一个示例性通量闭合自旋转移矩存储单元50的示意图。该实施例类似于图7A,且增加形成参考层RL的合成反铁磁体元件。自旋转移矩存储单元40包括多层自由磁性元件FL、参考磁性层RL以及将多层自由磁性元件FL和参考磁性层RL分离的电绝缘且非磁性隧穿阻挡层TB。
所示的参考磁性层RL被称为合成反铁磁体元件。合成反铁磁体元件包括通过导电且非磁性间隔层SP1分离的第一铁磁体层FM1和第二铁磁体层FM2。导电且非磁性间隔层SP1被配置成使得第一铁磁体层FM1和第二铁磁体层FM2反铁磁地对齐,且很多实施例中,第一铁磁体层FM1和第二铁磁体层FM2具有反平行磁化方向,如图所示。反铁磁体层AFM与第二电极层E2相邻。反铁磁体层AFM有助于钉扎第一铁磁体层FM1和第二铁磁体层FM2的磁化方向。
在所公开的自旋转移矩存储单元中使用合成反铁磁体元件具有若干优点。一些优点包括自由层的静态场减小、参考层的热稳定性改善以及层间扩散减少。
如上所述,第一铁磁体层FM1和第二铁磁体层FM2可以是具有大于0.5的可接受自旋极化范围的任何有用铁磁材料。反铁磁体层AFM通过例如使用与诸如PtMn、IrMn等反铁磁规则材料交换偏磁来钉扎铁磁体层。导电且非磁性间隔层SP1和SP2可由诸如Ru、Pd等任何有用的导电且非铁磁材料形成。
如上所述,自由磁性层FL1和FL2可以是具有可接受各向异性的任何铁磁材料。如上所述,第一电极层E1和第二电极层E2提供能使多层自由磁性元件FL的磁化方向在两个相反方向之间切换的电子电流,因此自旋转移矩存储单元50能够在平行状态(即低阻态或“0”数据状态)和反平行状态(即高阻态或“1”数据状态)之间切换,这取决于电流的方向。
电绝缘且电子反射层ER和/或ER2可以是独立的薄氧化物层或氮化物层且由诸如MgO、CuO、TiO、AlO、TaO、TaN或SiN之类的任何有用的电绝缘且电子反射材料形成。电绝缘且电子反射层ER和/或ER2的厚度可以在3至15埃的范围中或5至15埃的范围中。在很多实施例中,电绝缘且电子反射层ER和/或ER2具有1至10欧姆μm2的面电阻。
在一些实施例中,其中多层自由磁性元件FL包括由导电且非磁性间隔层SP2(具有5-20埃的厚度)分离的两个电绝缘且电子反射层ER和ER2(各自具有3-20埃的厚度),该电绝缘且电子反射层ER和ER2可具有诸如5至50欧姆μm2之类的较大面电阻。用于这些实施例的适当电绝缘且电子反射ER和ER2材料包括例如CoFe-O、AlO、NiFeO、MgO、CoFeB-O、NiFe-O,其中导电且非磁性间隔层SP2材料包括例如Cu、Au、Ag、Cr、Al、Ta、Ru或W。
电绝缘且电子反射层ER和ER2能够将至少一部分电子反射回自由磁性层FL1和/或FL2并且允许至少一部分电子穿过电绝缘且电子反射层ER和ER2。这些反射的电子能够增强自旋电流效率,有效地减小使存储单元50在平行状态(即低阻态或“0”数据状态)和反平行状态(即高阻态或“1”数据状态)之间切换所需施加的通过通量闭合自旋转移矩存储单元50的电流量。因此,因为电绝缘且电子反射层ER和ER2能够反射自旋电子以增加自旋电流效率,所以能够显著减小切换电流。
在一些实施例中,如上所述,电绝缘且电子反射层ER和ER2之一或两者可具有不均匀的厚度。由此导致的扭曲电流(canted current)能进一步增加自旋效率以进一步减小切换电流。不均匀的电绝缘且电子反射层ER和/或ER2还能减小串联电阻以维持输出信号。
在一些实施例中,上述通量闭合自旋转移矩存储单元可包括散射自旋电子而不是反射自旋电子的材料层。如上所述,这种自旋电子散射层可附加至电绝缘且电子反射层或代替电绝缘且电子反射层。自旋电子散射层可由诸如Ru、Pd、Ta、Pt、Al等导电金属形成。该层的厚度可在10至50埃的范围中。
因此,公开了具有电子反射绝缘间隔层的通量闭合STRAM的实施例。上述的实现和其他实现落入所附权利要求的范围内。本领域内技术人员将理解,本公开可通过这里公开以外的其它实施方式来实现。所披露的实施例以阐述而非限定为目的给出,并且本发明仅限于下面的权利要求书。

Claims (20)

1.一种自旋转移矩存储单元,包括:
多层自由磁性元件,所述多层自由磁性元件包括第一自由磁性层,所述第一自由磁性层通过电绝缘且电子反射层反铁磁地耦合到第二自由磁性层;
参考磁性层;以及
将所述自由磁性元件与所述参考磁性层分离的电绝缘且非磁性隧穿阻挡层。
2.如权利要求1所述的自旋转移矩存储单元,其特征在于,所述电绝缘且电子反射层具有不均匀的厚度。
3.如权利要求1所述的自旋转移矩存储单元,其特征在于,所述电绝缘且电子反射层具有从3至15埃范围中的厚度值。
4.如权利要求1所述的自旋转移矩存储单元,其特征在于,所述电绝缘且电子反射层包括MgO、CuO、TiO、AlO、TaO、TaN或SiN。
5.如权利要求1所述的自旋转移矩存储单元,其特征在于,所述电绝缘且电子反射层具有从1至10欧姆μm2的面电阻。
6.如权利要求1所述的自旋转移矩存储单元,其特征在于,所述参考磁性层包括合成反铁磁体元件。
7.如权利要求1所述的自旋转移矩存储单元,其特征在于,所述多层自由磁性元件还包括将所述电绝缘且电子反射层与所述第一自由磁性层或所述第二自由磁性层之一分离的导电非铁磁体层。
8.如权利要求7所述的自旋转移矩存储单元,其特征在于,所述多层自由磁性元件还包括第二电绝缘且电子反射层,并且所述导电非铁磁体层将所述电绝缘且电子反射层与所述第二电绝缘且电子反射层分离。
9.如权利要求7所述的自旋转移矩存储单元,其特征在于,所述导电非铁磁体层具有从5至20埃范围中的厚度值。
10.如权利要求7所述的自旋转移矩存储单元,其特征在于,所述导电非铁磁体层包括Ta、Cu、Ru或Au。
11.一种通量闭合自旋转移矩存储单元,包括:
多层自由磁性元件,所述多层自由磁性元件包括第一自由磁性层,所述第一自由磁性层通过电绝缘且电子反射层和导电非铁磁体层反铁磁地耦合到第二自由磁性层;
参考磁性层;以及
将所述自由磁性元件与所述参考磁性层分离的电绝缘且非磁性隧穿阻挡层。
12.如权利要求11所述的通量闭合自旋转移矩存储单元,其特征在于,所述电绝缘且电子反射层具有不均匀的厚度。
13.如权利要求11所述通量闭合自旋转移矩存储单元,其特征在于,所述电绝缘且电子反射层具有从3至15埃范围中的厚度值。
14.如权利要求11所述通量闭合自旋转移矩存储单元,其特征在于,所述电绝缘且电子反射层包括MgO、CuO、TiO、AlO、TaO、TaN或SiN。
15.如权利要求11所述的通量闭合自旋转移矩存储单元,其特征在于,所述电绝缘且电子反射层具有从1至10欧姆μm2的面电阻。
16.如权利要求11所述的通量闭合自旋转移矩存储单元,其特征在于,所述参考磁性层包括合成反铁磁体元件。
17.如权利要求11所述的通量闭合自旋转移矩存储单元,其特征在于,所述多层自由磁性元件还包括第二电绝缘且电子反射层,并且所述导电非铁磁体层将所述电绝缘且电子反射层与所述第二电绝缘且电子反射层分离。
18.如权利要求11所述的通量闭合自旋转移矩存储单元,其特征在于,所述导电非铁磁体层具有从5至20埃范围中的厚度值。
19.如权利要求11所述的通量闭合自旋转移矩存储单元,其特征在于,所述导电非铁磁体层包括Ta、Cu、Ru或Au。
20.一种通量闭合自旋转移矩存储单元,包括:
多层自由磁性元件,所述多层自由磁性元件包括第一自由磁性层,所述第一自由磁性层通过电绝缘且电子反射层反铁磁地耦合到第二自由磁性层,所述电绝缘且电子反射层具有从3至15埃范围中的厚度值且包括MgO、CuO、TiO、AlO、TaO、TaN或SiN;
包括合成反铁磁体元件的参考磁性层;以及
将所述自由磁性元件与所述参考磁性层分离的电绝缘且非磁性隧穿阻挡层。
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