CN102074758B - 一种电池的加热电路 - Google Patents

一种电池的加热电路 Download PDF

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CN102074758B
CN102074758B CN2010106046778A CN201010604677A CN102074758B CN 102074758 B CN102074758 B CN 102074758B CN 2010106046778 A CN2010106046778 A CN 2010106046778A CN 201010604677 A CN201010604677 A CN 201010604677A CN 102074758 B CN102074758 B CN 102074758B
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battery
charge
charge storage
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switch
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CN102074758A (zh
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徐文辉
韩瑶川
冯卫
杨钦耀
夏文锦
马士宾
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BYD Semiconductor Co Ltd
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Priority to EP20110166882 priority patent/EP2413454A1/en
Publication of CN102074758A publication Critical patent/CN102074758A/zh
Priority to US13/187,874 priority patent/US8829856B2/en
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种电池的加热电路，电池包括第一电池和第二电池，加热电路包括第一和第二开关装置、阻尼元件R1和R2、电流存储元件L1和L2、开关控制模块以及电荷存储元件，第一电池、阻尼元件R1、电流存储元件L1、电荷存储元件以及第一开关装置相串联，构成第一充放电电路；第二电池、阻尼元件R2、电流存储元件L2、电荷存储元件以及第二开关装置相串联，构成第二充放电电路，在对电荷存储元件充放电时，该第二充放电电路的充放电方向与第一充放电电路的充放电方向相反；开关控制模块用于控制第一和第二开关装置交替导通，以控制电能在第一电池、电荷存储元件以及第二电池之间的流动。该加热电路具有加热效率高的优点。

Description

一种电池的加热电路
技术领域
本发明属于电力电子领域，尤其涉及一种电池的加热电路。 
背景技术
考虑到汽车需要在复杂的路况和环境条件下行驶，或者有些电子设备需要在较差的环境条件中使用，所以，作为电动车或电子设备电源的电池就需要适应这些复杂的状况。而且除了考虑这些状况，还需考虑电池的使用寿命及电池的充放电循环性能，尤其是当电动车或电子设备处于低温环境中时，更需要电池具有优异的低温充放电性能和较高的输入输出功率性能。 
一般而言，在低温条件下会导致电池的阻抗增大，极化增强，由此导致电池的容量下降。 
为了保持电池在低温条件下的容量，提高电池的充放电性能，本发明提供了一种电池的加热电路。 
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对电池在低温条件下会导致电池的阻抗增大，极化增强，由此导致电池的容量下降的问题，提供一种电池的加热电路。 
一种电池的加热电路，所述电池包括第一电池和第二电池，其中，该加热电路包括第一开关装置、第二开关装置、阻尼元件R1、阻尼元件R2、电流存储元件L1、电流存储元件L2、开关控制模块以及电荷存储元件，所述第一电池、阻尼元件R1、电流存储元件L1、电荷存储元件以及第一开关装置相串联，构成第一充放电电路；所述第二电池、阻尼元件R2、电流存储元件L2、电荷存储元件以及第二开关装置相串联，构成第二充放电电路， 在对所述电荷存储元件充放电时，该第二充放电电路的充放电方向与所述第一充放电电路的充放电方向相反；所述开关控制模块与第一开关装置和第二开关装置电连接，用于控制第一开关装置和第二开关装置交替导通，以控制电能在所述第一电池、电荷存储元件以及所述第二电池之间的流动。 
在本发明提供的电池的加热电路中，可通过开关控制模块控制所述第一开关装置和第二开关装置交替导通，从而实现电能于第一电池、电荷存储元件以及第二电池之间的交替往复流动，从而导致阻尼元件R1和阻尼元件R2发热，以对第一电池和第二电池进行加热。由于就电荷存储元件而言，第二充放电电路的充放电方向与所述第一充放电电路的充放电方向相反，由第一电池所充入电荷存储元件的能量可顺利转移至第二电池，加热效率高。 
另外，在本发明提供的加热电路中，电荷存储元件与电池串联，当给电池加热时，由于串联的电荷存储元件的存在，能够避免开关装置失效短路引起的安全性问题，能够有效地保护电池。 
本发明的其他特征和优点将在随后的具体实施方式部分予以详细说明。 
附图说明
附图是用来提供对本发明的进一步理解，并且构成说明书的一部分，与下面的具体实施方式一起用于解释本发明，但并不构成对本发明的限制。在附图中： 
图1为本发明第一实施方式的加热电路的电路图； 
图2为本发明第一实施方式的加热电路的波形时序图； 
图3为根据本发明第二实施方式的加热电路的电路图； 
图4为根据本发明第二实施方式的加热电路的波形时序图；以及 
图5为本发明提供的加热电路中的开关装置的一实施方式的电路图。 
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式进行详细说明。应当理解的是，此处所描述的具体实施方式仅用于说明和解释本发明，并不用于限制本发明。 
需要指出的是，除非特别说明，当下文中提及时，术语“开关控制模块”为任意能够根据设定的条件或者设定的时刻输出控制指令(例如脉冲波形)从而控制与其连接的开关装置相应地导通或关断的控制器，例如可以为PLC；当下文中提及时，术语“开关”指的是可以通过电信号实现通断控制或者根据元器件自身的特性实现通断控制的开关，既可以是单向开关，例如由双向开关与二极管串联构成的可单向导通的开关，也可以是双向开关，例如金属氧化物半导体型场效应管(Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field EffectTransistor，MOSFET)或带有反并续流二极管的IGBT；当下文中提及时，术语“双向开关”指的是可以通过电信号实现通断控制或者根据元器件自身的特性实现通断控制的可双向导通的开关，例如MOSFET或带有反并续流二极管的IGBT；当下文中提及时，单向半导体元件指的是具有单向导通功能的半导体元件，例如二极管等；当下文中提及时，术语“电荷存储元件”指任意可以实现电荷存储的装置，例如可以为电容等；当下文中提及时，术语“电流存储元件”指任意可以对电流进行存储的装置，例如可以为电感等；当下文中提及时，术语“正向”指能量从电池向储能电路流动的方向，术语“反向”指能量从储能电路向电池流动的方向；当下文中提及时，术语“电池”包括一次电池(例如干电池、碱性电池等)和二次电池(例如锂离子电池、镍镉电池、镍氢电池或铅酸电池等)；当下文中提及时，术语“阻尼元件”指任意通过对电流的流动起阻碍作用以实现能量消耗的装置，例如可以为电阻等；当下文中提及时，术语“主回路”指的是电池与阻尼元件、开关装置以及储能电路串联组成的回路。 
这里还需要特别说明的是，考虑到不同类型的电池的不同特性，在本发明中，“电池”可以指不包含内部寄生电阻和寄生电感、或者内部寄生电阻的阻值和寄生电感的电感值较小的理想电池，也可以指包含有内部寄生电阻和寄生电感的电池包；因此，本领域技术人员应当理解的是，当“电池”为不包含内部寄生电阻和寄生电感、或者内部寄生电阻的阻值和寄生电感电感值较小的理想电池时，阻尼元件R1和阻尼元件R2分别指的是第一电池和第二电池外部的阻尼元件，电流存储元件L1和电流存储元件L2分别指的是第一电池和第二电池外部的电流存储元件；当“电池”为包含有内部寄生电阻和寄生电感的电池包时，阻尼元件R1和阻尼元件R2既可以分别指第一电池和第二电池外部的阻尼元件，也可以分别指第一电池包和第二电池包内部的寄生电阻，同样地，电流存储元件L1和电流存储元件L2既可以分别指第一电池和第二电池外部的电流存储元件，也可以分别指第一电池包和第二电池包内部的寄生电感。 
为了保证电池的使用寿命，可以在低温情况下对电池进行加热，当达到加热条件时，控制加热电路开始工作，对电池进行加热，当达到停止加热条件时，控制加热电路停止工作。 
在电池的实际应用中，随着环境的改变，可以根据实际的环境情况对电池的加热条件和停止加热条件进行设置，以保证电池的充放电性能。 
图1为本发明第一实施方式的加热电路的电路图。如图1所示，本发明提供了一种电池的加热电路，所述电池包括第一电池E1和第二电池E2，所述加热电路包括第一开关装置10、第二开关装置20、阻尼元件R1、阻尼元件R2、电流存储元件L1、电流存储元件L2、开关控制模块100以及电荷存储元件C1，所述第一电池E1、阻尼元件R1、电流存储元件L1、电荷存储元件C1以及第一开关装置10相串联，构成第一充放电电路；所述第二电池E2、阻尼元件R2、电流存储元件L2、电荷存储元件C1以及第二开关装置 20相串联，构成第二充放电电路，在对所述电荷存储元件C1充放电时，该第二充放电电路的充放电方向与所述第一充放电电路的充放电方向相反；所述开关控制模块100与第一开关装置10和第二开关装置20电连接，用于控制第一开关装置10和第二开关装置20交替导通，以控制电能在所述第一电池E1、电荷存储元件C1以及所述第二电池E2之间的流动。 
其中，所述开关控制模块100可控制所述第一开关装置10和第二开关装置20进行开关状态切换，例如第一开关装置10由导通状态切换为关断状态，而第二开关装置20由关断状态切换为导通状态，从而使由一电池存储于电荷存储元件C1内的电能流入另一电池。该电能的流动会伴随着的电流的产生，通过不断使电流流经阻尼元件R1和阻尼元件R2，该阻尼元件R1和阻尼元件R2可产生热量，从而对第一电池E1和第二电池E2进行加热。 
图2为本发明第一实施方式的加热电路的波形时序图。以下结合图2描述本发明提供的加热电路的具体工作过程。首先，开关控制模块100控制第一开关装置10导通、第二开关装置20断开，第一电池E1、阻尼元件R1、电流存储元件L1、电荷存储元件C1以及第一开关装置10构成一充放电电路，该充放电电路进行充放电(如图2中的时间段t1所示)。在该充放电电路一充放电周期结束之后(此时电荷存储元件C1的电流IC1经负半周期之后为零，电荷存储元件的电压UC1已经历正半周期峰值)，开关控制模块100控制第一开关装置10断开、第二开关装置20导通，第二电池E2、阻尼元件R1、电流存储元件L2、电荷存储元件C1以及第二开关装置20构成一充放电电路，该充放电电路进行充放电(如图2中的时间段t2所示)。在该充放电电路一充放电周期结束之后(此时，电荷存储元件C1的电流IC1经正半周期之后为零，整个加热电路完成一完整工作周期)，开关控制模块100再次控制第一开关装置10导通、第二开关装置20断开，如此循环往复，使得电流不断流过阻尼元件R1和阻尼元件R2，该阻尼元件R1和阻尼元件R2 可产生热量，从而对第一电池E1和第二电池E2进行加热，直至加热完毕为止。 
在本发明加热电路的以上工作过程中，可使得电流于所述第一电池E1和第二电池E2之间交替往复流动，实现了两个电池的交替加热，加热效率高。 
图3为根据本发明第二实施方式的加热电路的电路图。优选地，如图3所示，本发明的加热电路还可包括电荷存储元件C2，所述第一电池E1、阻尼元件R1、电流存储元件L1、电荷存储元件C2以及第二开关装置20相串联，构成第三充放电电路；所述第二电池E2、阻尼元件R2、电流存储元件L2、电荷存储元件C2以及第一开关装置10相串联，构成第四充放电电路，在对所述电荷存储元件C2充放电时，该第三充放电电路的充放电方向与所述第四充放电电路的充放电方向相反；所述开关控制模块100还通过控制第一开关装置10和第二开关装置20交替导通，以控制电能在所述第一电池、电荷存储元件C1、电荷存储元件C2以及所述第二电池之间的流动。 
所述开关控制模块100可控制所述第一开关装置10和第二开关装置20进行开关状态切换。图4为根据本发明第三实施方式的加热电路的波形时序图。以下结合图3和图4描述本发明第三实施方式的具体工作过程。 
首先，开关控制模块100控制第一开关装置10导通、第二开关装置20断开，第一电池E1、阻尼元件R1、电流存储元件L1、电荷存储元件C1以及第一开关装置10构成一充放电电路，第二电池E2、阻尼元件R2、电流存储元件L2、电荷存储元件C2以及第一开关装置10构成另一充放电电路，该两个充放电电路进行充放电(如图4中的时间段t1所示，注意，电荷存储元件C1和电荷存储元件C2的电压波形和电流波形均相同)。在该两个充放电电路一充放电周期结束之后(此时电荷存储元件C1或C2的电流IC1或IC2经负半周期之后为零，电荷存储元件C1或C2的电压UC1或UC2已经历正半周期峰值)，开关控制模块100控制第一开关装置10断开、第二开关装置20导通，第一电池E1、阻尼元件R1、电流存储元件L1、电荷存储元件C2以及第二开关装置20构成一充放电电路，第二电池E2、阻尼元件R2、电流存储元件L2、电荷存储元件C1以及第二开关装置20构成另一充放电电路，该两个充放电电路进行充放电(如图4中的时间段t2所示，注意，此时电荷存储元件C1和电荷存储元件C2的电压波形和电流波形亦均相同)。在该两个充放电电路一充放电周期结束之后(此时电荷存储元件C1或C2的电流IC1或IC2经正半周期之后为零，整个加热电路完成一完整工作周期)，开关控制模块100再次控制第一开关装置10导通、第二开关装置20断开，如此循环往复，使得电流不断流过阻尼元件R1和阻尼元件R2，该阻尼元件R1和阻尼元件R2可产生热量，从而对第一电池E1和第二电池E2进行加热，直至加热完毕为止。 
在该加热电路中，通过增加一电荷存储元件C2，使每一周期可同时形成两个充放电电路，从而第一电池E1和第二电池E2无时无刻均处于充放电的过程，且阻尼元件R1和阻尼元件R2无时无刻均有电流流过，可缩短加热时间。 
图5为本发明提供的加热电路中的开关装置的一实施方式的电路图。如图5所示，所述第一开关装置10和/或第二开关装置20可包括开关K11和与该开关K11反向并联的单向半导体元件D11，所述开关控制模块100与开关K11电连接，用于通过控制开关K11的导通和关断来控制第一开关装置10和/或第二开关装置20的正向支路导通和关断。对该开关K11的导通和关断控制可于图2、图4、图6以及图8中所示的网格区段进行，所述开关控制模块100可在流经第一开关装置10或第二开关装置20的电流过零时或之后，控制第一开关装置10或第二开关装置20断开。 
本发明所提供的加热电路具备以下优点： 
(1)由于就电荷存储元件而言，第二充放电电路的充放电方向与所述第一充放电电路的充放电方向相反，因此电能可于第一电池、电荷存储元件以及第二电池之间的交替往复流动，藉此所产生的电流可使得阻尼元件R1和阻尼元件R2发热，从而对第一和第二电池进行加热，实现了对第一和第二电池交替加热，加热效率高。 
(2)在本发明提供的加热电路中，电荷存储元件与电池串联，当给电池加热时，由于串联的电荷存储元件的存在，能够避免开关装置失效短路引起的安全性问题，能够有效地保护电池。 
(3)在使用双电荷存储元件时，每一时间周期可同时形成两个充放电电路，从而可使得阻尼元件R1和阻尼元件R2内无论何时均有电流流过，缩短了加热时间。 
虽然本发明已通过上述实施例所公开，然而上述实施例并非用以限定本发明，任何本发明所属技术领域中技术人员，在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内，应当可以作各种的变动与修改。因此本发明的保护范围应当以所附权利要求书所界定的范围为准。 

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1.一种电池的加热电路，所述电池包括第一电池(E1)和第二电池(E2)，其特征在于，该加热电路包括第一开关装置(10)、第二开关装置(20)、阻尼元件R1、阻尼元件R2、电流存储元件L1、电流存储元件L2、开关控制模块(100)以及电荷存储元件C1，
所述第一电池(E1)、阻尼元件R1、电流存储元件L1、电荷存储元件C1以及第一开关装置(10)相串联，构成第一充放电电路；
所述第二电池(E2)、阻尼元件R2、电流存储元件L2、电荷存储元件C1以及第二开关装置(20)相串联，构成第二充放电电路，在对所述电荷存储元件C1充放电时，该第二充放电电路的充放电方向与所述第一充放电电路的充放电方向相反；
所述开关控制模块(100)与第一开关装置(10)和第二开关装置(20)电连接，用于控制第一开关装置(10)和第二开关装置(20)交替导通，以控制电能在所述第一电池(E1)、电荷存储元件C1以及所述第二电池(E2)之间的流动，
该加热电路还包括电荷存储元件C2，
所述第一电池(E1)、阻尼元件R1、电流存储元件L1、电荷存储元件C2以及第二开关装置(20)相串联，构成第三充放电电路；
所述第二电池(E2)、阻尼元件R2、电流存储元件L2、电荷存储元件C2以及第一开关装置(10)相串联，构成第四充放电电路，在对所述电荷存储元件C2充放电时，该第三充放电电路的充放电方向与所述第四充放电电路的充放电方向相反；
所述开关控制模块(100)还通过控制第一开关装置(10)和第二开关装置(20)交替导通，以控制电能在所述第一电池(E1)、电荷存储元件C1、电荷存储元件C2以及所述第二电池(E2)之间的流动，
所述电流存储元件L1和电流存储元件L2为电感，所述电荷存储元件C1和电荷存储元件C2为电容。
2.根据权利要求1所述的加热电路，其特征在于，所述阻尼元件R1和阻尼元件R2分别为所述第一电池(E1)和第二电池(E2)内部的寄生电阻，所述电流存储元件L1和电流存储元件L2分别为所述第一电池(E1)和第二电池(E2)内部的寄生电感。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的加热电路，其特征在于，所述第一开关装置(10)和/或第二开关装置(20)包括开关K11和与该开关K11反向并联的单向半导体元件D11，所述开关控制模块(100)与开关K11电连接，用于通过控制开关K11的导通和关断来控制该第一开关装置(10)和/或第二开关装置(20)的正向支路导通和关断。
4.根据权利要求3所述的加热电路，其特征在于，所述开关控制模块(100)用于在流经所述第一开关装置(10)或第二开关装置(20)的电流过零时或之后，控制所述第一开关装置(10)或第二开关装置(20)断开。
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