CN101680082A - 具有提高的寿命和溅射均匀度的溅射靶材 - Google Patents

具有提高的寿命和溅射均匀度的溅射靶材 Download PDF

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CN101680082A
CN101680082A CN200880020014A CN200880020014A CN101680082A CN 101680082 A CN101680082 A CN 101680082A CN 200880020014 A CN200880020014 A CN 200880020014A CN 200880020014 A CN200880020014 A CN 200880020014A CN 101680082 A CN101680082 A CN 101680082A
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阿道夫·米勒·艾伦
基焕·尹
特德·郭
洪·S·杨
相镐·于
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Abstract

一种用于溅射腔室的溅射靶材,其包含背板并且所述背板上安装有溅射板。在一态样中,所述背板包括正面具有环形凹槽的圆形板。所述溅射板包含具有溅射面及背面的圆盘,在所述圆盘的背面具有环形凸脊,并且环形凸脊的形状与尺寸塑造成能使所述凸脊安装入所述背板的环形凹槽中。

Description

具有提高的寿命和溅射均匀度的溅射靶材
技术领域
本发明实施例有关于一种用于溅射工艺腔室中的溅射靶材。
背景技术
在集成电路与显示器的制造中,会利用溅射腔室来溅射沉积材料至基板上。通常溅射腔室包含围绕着面对基板支撑件的溅射靶材的封围件、被导入工艺气体的工艺区域、用来激发工艺气体的气体激发器(gas energizer),以及用来排放气体且控制腔室内部工艺气体压力的排气口。由激发气体所形成的能量化离子会轰击溅射靶材,而将靶材上的材料溅击出来并且沉积在基板上而形成薄膜。溅射腔室还可具有磁场产生器,其可塑造磁场形状并且将磁场局限在靶材周围以改善靶材材料的溅射作用。溅射靶材材料可为金属,例如铝、铜、钨、钛、钴、镍或钽。可使用诸如氩气或氪气等惰性气体来溅射元素材料,并且可使用例如氮气或氧气等气体来溅射元素材料以形成诸如氮化钽、氮化钨、氮化钛或氧化铝的化合物。
然而,在这类溅射工艺中,靶材的某些部位可能比其它部位具有较高的溅射速率,而造成当处理完一批次的基板之后,靶材可能呈现出表面轮廓或是截面厚度不平整的结果。这种不均匀的靶材溅射可能会由腔室几何形状、靶材附近的磁场形状、靶材内部所感应的涡电流(eddy current)以及其它因素所导致的局部等离子体密度变化而引起。靶材表面材料的结构或晶粒大小上的差异也可能造成不均匀的溅射。例如,已发现不均匀的溅射可能导致同心圆的凹陷的形成,在这些凹陷处,材料溅离靶材的速率比邻近区域的材料溅射速率要高。当这些凹陷处越来越深时,靶材后方的腔室壁与背板将会暴露出来并且可能受到溅射,而造成基板被这些材料污染。此外,具有会改变的不均匀表面轮廓的靶材可能在整个基板上沉积出厚度不均的溅射材料。因此,通常会在靶材上的凹陷处变得太深、太宽或太多之前,就先将这些溅射靶材移出溅射腔室。又由于需要将靶材过早地移出腔室,因此溅射靶材的厚度的大部分未被利用。
因此,需要一种能在长时间溅射下提供均匀溅射效果而无需频繁更换的溅射靶材。也期望具有一种在溅射时没有蚀穿靶材厚度风险的靶材。更期望能有一种可以在整个靶材使用寿命期间提供均匀溅射特性的溅射靶材。
发明内容
用于溅射腔室的溅射靶材具有背板以及安装在背板上的溅射板。该背板包含具有正面和背面的圆形板,并且该正面具有环状凹槽。该溅射板包含具有溅射面和背面的圆盘(disk),该圆盘的背面具有环形凸脊,该环形凸脊的形状与尺寸塑造成可使该凸脊安装在该环形凹槽中。
公开了一种延长溅射靶材寿命的方法,该靶材具有安装在背板上的溅射板,该方法包括多个步骤:提供包含第一材料的背板,在该背板的表面中形成环形凹槽,以及以溅射材料填充该环形凹槽。
一种用于溅射腔室的溅射靶材,其具有背板、溅射板以及环。该背板包含由第一材料制成的圆形板,该圆形板具有正面与背面。该溅射板安装在该背板的正面上,并且该溅射板包含具有背面以及由第二材料所组成的溅射面的圆盘。该环安装在该圆盘的背面并且含有第三材料。该第一、第二与第三材料是不同材料。
本发明提供一种控制溅射靶材的电磁特性的方法,其中该溅射靶材具有安装在背板上的溅射板,该方法包括:(a)提供具有第一材料的背板;(b)在该背板的表面中形成环形凹槽;以及(c)以第二材料来填充该环形凹槽,并且该第二材料具有与该第一材料不同的电磁特性。
本发明提供另一种控制溅射靶材的电磁特性的方法,其中该溅射靶材具有溅射板以及含有第一材料的背板,该方法包括:将环安装至该背板的背面,且该环包含具有与该第一材料不相同的电磁特性的第二材料。
本发明提供一种用于溅射腔室的溅射靶材,该溅射靶材具有背板、溅射板以及环,其中该背板包含由第一材料所构成的圆形板;该溅射板安装在该背板上,且该溅射板包括含有第二材料的圆盘;以及该环包含第三材料且位在该圆形板内,其中该第一、第二与第三材料是不同材料。
附图说明
参阅上述说明、后附权利要求书以及显示本发明数个范例的附图将可更加了解本发明的特征、态样与优点。然而应了解到,文中所述的每个特征大体上都可应用于本发明中,而非仅限于特定图式所显示的内容,并且本发明也涵盖这些特征的任意组合方式。附图如下:
图1A是溅射靶材实施例的侧视剖面图,该溅射靶材具有背板与溅射板,该背板具有环形凹槽,并且该溅射板具有可安装至该背板的环形凹槽中的环形凸脊。
图1B是图1A的靶材的俯视图,其显示被环形边缘突出部及背板的O形环凹槽环绕的溅射板的溅射面。
图2A是溅射靶材实施例的侧视剖面图,该靶材的背板具有多个环形凹槽,且该靶材的溅射板具有多个环形凸脊,每个凸脊可安装至其中一个环形凹槽中。
图2B是图2A的背板正面的俯视图,其显示出多个环形凹槽。
图3是在背板与溅射板之间设有多个环的靶材实施例的侧视剖面图。
图4是在背板中嵌入多个环的靶材实施例的侧视剖面图。
图5是在背板中嵌有条带的靶材实施例的侧视剖面图。
图6A与6B分别是具有螺旋形板的靶材实施例的侧视剖面图以及俯视图。
图7A与7B分别是具有多个套迭环的靶材实施例的侧视剖面图以及俯视图。
图8是可使用文中所述任一种溅射靶材来溅射材料至基板上的溅射腔室实施例的侧视剖面图。
具体实施方式
图1A与1B显示溅射靶材20的示范性实施例,该溅射靶材20能提供较长的使用寿命、较佳的溅射均匀度以及减少因侵蚀凹陷所造成的污染。溅射靶材20包含背板24,当欲使用含有溅射材料的溅射板26在溅射腔室中进行溅射时,该背板24可作为用来支撑溅射板26的基底。溅射板26包含溅射面28,该溅射面28设置成直接面对基板,以无阻碍地提供溅射种类至基板上。可通过机械方法或诸如扩散连接(diffusion bonding)等其它方式将溅射板26结合至背板24上。依据所欲处理的基板形状,该溅射靶材20可为圆形或方形。圆形的靶材用于圆形基板,例如半导体晶片;方形的靶材则用于方形基板,例如显示器面板。
在一态样中,背板24包含具有正面32和背面34的圆形板30。圆形板30的正面32的形状与尺寸能够容纳溅射板26。并且塑造背面34的形状,使其可形成腔室的外壁或可安装在腔室盖或接合器上。背板24还具有延伸超出溅射板26的半径的边缘突出物36。边缘突出物36包含外脚38,该外脚38可置于溅射腔室内的绝缘体40上,以将靶材20与腔室侧壁电性绝缘隔开。绝缘体40是由陶材材料所构成,例如氧化铝。边缘突出物36包含边缘O形环凹槽42,并且可将O形环44置于该O形环凹槽42中而与外腔室盖/接合器形成真空密封。背板24也可具有分别在边缘突出物36的背面与正面上的保护涂层46a、46b,例如双丝电弧喷铝涂层(twin-wire arc sprayed aluminum coating)。在一态样中,背板24是由金属制成,例如铝、铜、不锈钢或上述金属的其它合金,如铜/铬合金或铝/铜合金。在一实施例中,背板包含铜铬合金,也就是CuCr合金。
在一态样中,溅射板26可塑造成如同圆盘50般的形状,并且安装在背板24上,圆盘50由欲溅射在基板上的材料所制成。典型地,圆盘50所含的材料与背板24的材料不相同。例如,圆盘50可由金属所构成,例如铝、铜、钴、钼、镍、钯、铂、钽、钛或钨。圆盘50包含中心圆柱平台(central cylindricalmesa)52,该中心圆柱平台具有溅射面54,该溅射面54形成与基板104的平面平行的平面,参阅图8。在此态样中,该圆柱平台52的周围围绕着倾斜边缘56,在使用时,该倾斜边缘56邻接溅射腔室的侧壁或挡板而在两者之间界定出区域,该区域形成回绕状的间隙以阻碍溅射等离子体种类通过,从而可减少溅射沉积物累积在周围的腔室表面上。圆盘50的直径可相当于基板的直径。在一态样中,圆盘50的直径约200毫米至约320毫米(mm);然而,圆盘可依据基板的尺寸而具有更大的直径。
在图1A所示的态样中,背板24的圆形板30的正面32包含至少一环形凹槽60,该凹槽60嵌入背板24的厚度中。环形凹槽60具有深度,但其深度并未延伸至背板24的背面。环形凹槽60还具有沿着圆形板30的中心的对称轴62,并且腔室中的磁场与电场也关于圆形板30的中心呈基本对称。然而,如果腔室中的磁场或电场是不对称的,或者气体密度或组成不均匀或不对称,则环形凹槽60也可能具有不对称的形状。
环形凹槽60的形状与尺寸确定为与经实验测量或模型分析而观察到的与邻近区域相比具有较高靶材侵蚀(erosion)作用的区域相对应。例如,可通过使用多个不具有本发明特征的靶材在腔室中以多种预先选定的工艺条件执行多次溅射工艺,然后利用这些靶材的靶材侵蚀区域事先得到靶材中的高侵蚀区域的位置与形状。可依据所观察到的侵蚀凹槽来选择环形凹槽60的形状与尺寸。因此,也可根据在腔室中使用的工艺条件、其它工艺参数以及安装有靶材20的溅射腔室的几何形状来改变环形凹槽60的尺寸与形状。还可依据靶材本身的材料、靶材20施加至溅射材料的能量场的对称性与形状、甚至是根据溅射工艺中施加在整个靶材20上的磁场形状来决定环形凹槽60的配置设计。因此,本发明范围不应该仅限于本文中所示范的靶材20的环形凹槽60的形状。
在一态样中,环形凹槽60是以圆形板30的中心呈对称的圆形,并且与圆形板30的周长边缘64间隔开来,如图1A所示。在一范例中,此环形凹槽60的深度小于约5厘米,举例而言约0.3至2厘米,例如约0.5厘米。环形凹槽60的宽度约1厘米至约7.5厘米。环形凹槽60也具有内半径以及外半径,在一态样中,介于内半径与外半径之间的径向距离约1厘米至约5厘米。此环形凹槽60典型对应且符合在传统PVD腔室中进行溅射时形成在靶材20中的外侧侵蚀圈形状,该PVD腔室可例如购自美国加州圣克拉拉市的应用材料公司的Endura腔室。工艺条件典型包括腔室内的工艺压力以及沉积功率,腔室中来自氩气或氩/氮工艺气体混合物的工艺压力范围介于约0.5毫托(mT)至3.5毫托之间,沉积功率介于约1千瓦(kW)至约40千瓦之间。
选用性地,在此态样中,溅射板26的圆盘50的背面还可具有环形凸脊76,该环形凸脊76的形状与尺寸可使凸脊安装在背板24的圆形板30的环形凹槽60中。环形凸脊76具有内半径与外半径,且环形凸脊76的内半径与外半径匹配该圆形板30的环形凹槽60的内半径与外半径。使用时,环形凸脊76提供额外的溅射材料以供溅射等离子体进行溅射。当位于环形凸脊76上的区域78处的溅射靶材20受到过度侵蚀,环形凸脊76中的溅射材料可为溅射腔室中的溅射反应提供额外的溅射材料。如此一来,即使是当靶材上的深凹处的深度扩大至溅射板26的背面的厚度时,由额外溅射材料所构成的环形凸脊能允许靶材20继续使用,而延长靶材20的使用寿命。环形凸脊76有效地增加了位于这些凹陷区域后方的溅射板26的厚度,以提供额外的材料来防止在这些区域因侵蚀凹陷而贯穿溅射板26。
当使用与背板24的第一材料不同的第二材料来形成环形凸脊76时,溅射板26的环形凸脊76也可用来改变溅射靶材20在这些区域处的电磁特性。选择第二材料来改变这些区域处的电性或磁性也可改变这些区域处的涡电流(eddy currents)。
在另一态样中,背板24包含具有正面32的圆形板30,该圆形板30的的正面32具有多个环形凹槽60,并且如图2A与2B所示,这些环形凹槽60绕着该靶材20的轴心62以彼此同心(concentric)的方式设置。例如,圆形板30可具有约1至6个环形凹槽60。在所示范例中,圆形板30具有径向内侧的环形凹槽60a以及环绕在外侧的环形凹槽60b。在每个环形凹槽60a与60b之间或其周围延伸有多个环形平台68a~68c而将环形凹槽60a与60b分开来。此外,在所示态样中,当溅射靶材20是设计用来在相对于靶材中心区域72的靶材边缘区域70承受具有较宽侵蚀凹陷的情况时,外侧环形凹槽60a的宽度可大于内侧环形凹槽60b的宽度。
在此态样中,圆盘50的背面也可包含多个环形凸脊76a、76b,每个环形凸脊76a、76b都对应到背板24的圆形板30的环形凹槽60。环形凸脊76提供额外的溅射材料在需要增加厚度的区域78a、78b处有效增加溅射板26的厚度,以延长靶材20的使用寿命。此外,环形凸脊76a、76b可提供与形成背板24的第一材料不同的第二材料,以改变在这些区域的电性或磁性,也因而改变在这些区域的涡电流。
在另一态样中,溅射靶材20可选择包含环80,该环包含第三材料且安装在背板24的背面34,如图2A所示。背板24是由第一材料所制成,溅射板26由第二材料所制成,而环80则是由第三材料所制成,并且该第三材料与第一及第二材料不相同。在此态样中,环80可通过黏着剂或扩散连接黏着至该背板24,或甚至可利用电沉积直接形成在背板24上。在一态样中,环80通过焊料黏着方法而安装在背板24的背面34上,并且更可使用惰性聚合物涂层来保护该环80不受腐蚀。
在一态样中,提供环80,且借着选择环80的材料使得环80的材料与该背板24的材料具有不同的电磁特性,以改变通过背板24的涡电流。可根据环材料的相对磁导率(μ)及电导率(σ)来选择该环的材料,以控制涡电流的强度大小。根据应用用途,环的材料可为(i)相对磁导率略小于1的反磁性体(diamagnetic),其中1代表真空中的相对磁导率(relative permeability of freespace),例如银;(ii)相对磁导率略大于1的顺磁性体(paramagnetic),例如铝;或者(iv)相对磁导率远大于1的强磁性体(ferromagnetic),例如相对磁导率μ约为100的镍、相对磁导率μ约为200的铁、钢、铁镍铬合金,以及μ约为20000的“Mu-金属”。
在一态样中,背板24包含第一材料,该第一材料可为铜铬(CuCr)合金、铜锌(CuZn)合金或铝;该溅射板26可由诸如钽、钛、镍或铝等第二材料所制成;该环80是由含有镍、不锈钢或铝的第三材料所制成。当环80含有例如镍或不锈钢的强磁性材料时,背板含有诸如铝的顺磁性材料;且该环80可改变背板24中的涡电流,以增强背板24中的涡电流,从而在溅射板26附近产生较低净磁场,使得位于环80的溅射板26的区域78a中的侵蚀作用较小。当环80包含诸如铝的顺磁性材料时,环80可降低背板24中的涡电流,进而在位于环80的溅射板26的区域78a中达到较高的侵蚀速率。由于涡电流与电导率成比例,因此还可通过选择环材料的电导率来控制环80中的涡电流强度。
改变溅射靶材多个部分(例如溅射板26)处的磁场的另一种方法是使用电导率与背板24材料的电导率不相同的材料来制造环80。例如,含有铜(电导率为5.95μOhm-cm)的环80的电导率以及涡电流将高于铝背板24(电导率为3.7μOhm-cm)。如此一来,相较于使用较低电导率材料的环或没有环而言,此种环80中会产生较高的涡电流,而使靶材20的某些部分处产生较强的磁场,而使这些部分具有受控制的较高侵蚀速率。
在另一态样中,如图3所示,可将多个含有第三材料的环80a、80b装设在背板24的圆形板30的凹槽60a与60b中,以改变通过背板24的涡电流。环80a与80b可置于环形凹槽60a与60b中,而无需将这些环黏着或结合至环形凹槽中。在一态样里,环80a与80b可通过黏着剂、扩散连接或电沉积等方法黏着在该背板24的环形凹槽60a与60b内。只要简单地使用溶剂来溶解黏着剂即可移除环80a与80b。虽然图文中显示多个环80a与80b,但应了解到,靶材20中也可仅使用单一个环80a或80b。此外,在所示态样中,环80a与80b显示为置于背板24的环形凹槽60a与60b内且位在环形凹槽60a、60b的表面与溅射板26的环形凸脊76a、76b之间。然而,环80a与80b也可设置在没有凹槽的平坦正面32上,或甚至设置在介于环形凹槽60a与60b之间的平台上。环80a与80b可降低传统背板24在凹槽60a与60b这些区域中的涡电流,从而减低溅射板26在这些区域处的过度侵蚀作用。为了改变涡电流,可使用与溅射材料或背板材料不同的金属来制造环80a与80b。在一范例中,当溅射板26是由铝制成,且背板24是由铝构成时,适合的环80则是由不锈钢所制成。环80可以是内直径小于约10厘米(例如约10厘米至约20厘米)的圆形环。
在另一态样中,由与背板24不同的材料所构成的多个环80a-d可嵌在背板24的圆形板30内,如图4所示。这些环80a-d也可包含多个相同材料或不同材料的环形层。在此态样中,这些环80a-d设置在背板本身的内部。在此态样中,多个环80a-d可安装在两个平面中,并且每个平面具有一组不同内直径的环80a、80b及80c、80d,使得这些组别的环彼此以同心的方式设置。在其它态样中,多个环80a-d设置在单一平面中,并且每个环具有不同的内直径,使得该些环彼此之间都是同心设置。
在另一态样中,环80的形状可为如同图5所示具有厚度与高度的条带90,该条带90的高度大于该条带90的厚度。条带90包括具有内侧壁与外侧壁的环形结构,其中这些侧壁基本垂直。条带90可能是单块结构(monolithicstructure)或可能包含一或多股线缆(wire),这些线缆卷绕成条带状的线圈。在一实施例中,在该背板中加工出凹槽,并将该条带90嵌入该凹槽中。但也可采用其它的配置方式,例如条带90可部分嵌入背板24中且部分嵌入溅射板26内,或者可将条带90固定在背板24的背面并且从该背板24的背面垂直向上延伸。条带90中的涡电流受到条带几何形状的限制。相较于较为水平的环的形状,由于条带90在指定半径处提供更多材料,因此条带90在指定的半径处具有更低的电流阻力(resistance to current)。因此,通过条带90的涡电流所产生的磁场效应会更加集中在条带90的半径附近。这在使用条带90来改变磁场使其在整个靶材20的表面上具有较大的磁场强度梯度时是有用的。在一态样中,环80包含厚度介于0.1厘米至约0.6厘米且高度介于约0.5厘米至约2.5厘米的条带90。
如图6A与6B所示,环80也可能包含螺旋形板92,该螺旋形板92嵌在背板24内。螺旋形板92包含曲形平面金属条(curved planar metal strip)。该曲形金属条从中心点84出发,并且绕着中心点84以旋转方式逐渐远离。在一态样中,采用极坐标来描述,在中心点84与该金属条的径向内侧边缘之间的半径r可以用角度θ的连续单调函数来描述。在所示的态样中,中心点84约位在背板24的中心处。螺旋形板92可能具有介于约0.2至约0.6厘米之间的垂直厚度,并且可嵌在背板24中,又或者部份嵌入背板24且部分嵌入溅射板26中;或者,该螺旋形板92可位在溅射板26与背板24之间,或甚至可设置在背板24的背面。螺旋形板提供导电路径,可塑造该导电路径的形状以改变其在半径上的总长度,以补偿用来产生磁场的旋转磁体的径向变化线性速率。须注意到,当磁体旋转时,每个旋转磁体的磁性部分的线性速率会随着旋转磁体所行经的圆周长而改变。在一态样中,螺旋形板92包含介于约0.1厘米至约0.6厘米之间的垂直厚度。
在另一态样中,环80是包含多个套迭环86的复合环88,这些套迭环86的形状与尺寸塑造成能使其互相套迭。例如,多个套迭环86可包含三个环86a-c,该三个环86a-c的外部轮廓塑造成可使其套迭在一起而形成一个复合环88,如图7A与7B所示。外环86a包含具有径向内侧突出物(radially inwardledge)96的环。中间环86b包含具有边缘凸缘98a与径向内侧凸缘98b的环。内环86c包含具有边缘突出物94的环。内环86c的边缘突出物94接触该中间环86b的径向内侧凸缘98b;并且中间环的边缘凸缘98a接触外环86a的径向内侧突出物96。这些环86a-c可以机械性方式或诸如扩散连接的其它方式彼此结合在一起。
在一实施例中,这些环可额外包含定位键(alignment key)89。如图7B所示,该定位键89可包含一或多个齿91以及一或多个用来安置这些齿91的凹口93。中间环86b包含向外延伸的齿91a,该齿91a用来置于外环86a的凹口93a中。中间环86b还可包含向内延伸的齿91b,该齿91b用来置于内环86c的外凹口93b中。定位键89可使这些环86a-c能以特定的方位来组合并且避免这些环86在组合之后水平旋转。
在一态样中,这些套迭环86a-c组合与结合在一起而形成复合环88。该预先结合好的复合环88可接着插入背板24的凹槽中,并且利用黏合、夹钳或闩锁方式将其固定于背板24。预先制造或预先结合好的复合环88可简化固定程序,因为可利用一方法或以一组螺钉钻孔将该复合环组件固定至背板24,而不需要逐一固定每个环86。也可能采用不同的配置方式,例如这些套迭环86a-c可部分嵌入背板24中且部分嵌入溅射板26中,或者该些套迭环86a-c可固定至背板24的背面并且从背板24的背面垂直向上延伸。在一态样中,复合环88的直径介于约20厘米至约30厘米之间,且厚度介于约0.5厘米至约1厘米之间。
文中所述的溅射靶材20的各种配置方式是通过改变涡电流或甚至改变靶材20的磁导率来控制溅射靶材20的电磁特性。如此一来,靶材20在那些传统靶材会发生侵蚀凹陷而减少厚度的表面处会表现出较低的侵蚀作用。此外,溅射靶材20在侵蚀凹陷处具有增加的厚度,因此即便侵蚀凹陷形成了,靶材20还能够继续使用一段较长时间又不会溅射穿透至背板24。就这方面而言,本发明的溅射靶材实施例能在腔室中提供较长的使用时间。
文中所述的溅射靶材20是安装在含有溅射腔室102的溅射设备100中,溅射腔室102具有多个封围室壁103。如图8所示,溅射靶材20面对着处理区域108中置于基板支撑件106上的基板104。腔室100可以是一个多腔室平台(未示出)的一部分,该多腔室具有一组通过例如机械手等基板传送机构而互相连接的腔室,以在这些腔室100之间传送基板104。在所示的态样中,工艺腔室100包含溅射沉积腔室,也就是所谓的物理气相沉积(PVD)腔室,其能够在基板104上溅射下列一或多种沉积材料,例如铝、铜、钽、钛、钨或其它材料。
基板支撑件106包含基座(pedestal)110,该基座110具有基板接收面112,该基板接收面112基本上平行于且面对着顶部溅射靶材20的溅射面54。基座110可包含静电夹盘(chuck)或加热器,例如电阻加热器或热交换器。操作时,通过位于腔室100的侧壁114中的基板载入口(未示出)将基板104引进腔室100且安置于基板支撑件130上。在放置基板104的过程中,可利用支撑件升降波纹管来升高或降低基座110,并且可使用升降手指组件(lift finger assembly)在基座110上举高与降低基板104。在等离子体运作过程中,基座110可维持浮动电位或是接地。
腔室100还包含工艺套组(process kit)120,其包含易于从腔室中移除的各种部件,以进行例如清洗部件表面上的溅射沉积物、更换或维修受侵蚀的部件,以及/或调整腔室100以执行其它工艺。在一态样中,工艺套组120包含挡板122与环组件124。挡板122包含圆柱状箍128,其直径尺寸制作成可环绕该溅射靶材20的溅射面54及基板支撑件106。圆柱状箍128的末端为U形沟渠130的形式,且U形沟渠130环绕着基板支撑件106。挡板122也包含支撑支架132,该支撑支架132从圆柱状箍214径向向外延伸以将挡板支撑在腔室102中。整个挡板122可由导电材料制成,例如不锈钢300系列;或者在一态样中,挡板可由铝制成。挡板也可如图所示般接地。环组件124设置在基板支撑件106周围且包含沉积环134与盖环136,沉积环134是围绕着支撑件的环形箍,而该盖环136至少部分覆盖住该沉积环134。沉积环134可由氧化铝制成,且盖环134可由诸如不锈钢、钛、铝或甚至陶瓷材料(如氧化铝)所制成。
腔室102还可包含磁场产生器140,其可在靶材20的溅射面54附近产生磁场145以提高靶材20附近的高密度等离子体区域中的离子密度,而改善靶材材料的溅射作用。磁场产生器140包含多个可旋转磁体(未显示),这些可旋转磁体设置在靶材20的背板24的背面附近。磁场产生器140包含马达144,该马达144安装在轴146上用以旋转磁体。磁场会作用在等离子体上且造成已离子化的气体中的能量离子沿着磁场场线移动。可使用磁场组件140来控制磁场的形状与强度以控制靶材表面上的颗粒通量(flux)与颗粒侵蚀靶材的均匀度。磁场产生器140的描述可参阅例如Fu等人的标题为“旋转溅射磁控管组件”的美国专利案6183614,以及Gopalraja等人的标题为“用于铜介层孔填充的整合工艺”的美国专利案,且6274008将该两专利文献全文以引用方式纳入本文中以供参考。
操作时,经由气体供应器150将工艺气体导入腔室102中,该气体供应器150包含多个工艺气体源152a与152b,并且利用具有气体流量控制阀156a与156b(如质量流量控制器)的导管154a与154b来连接工艺气体源。使用气体流量控制阀156a与156b控制流入腔室中的气体流量来控制腔室102中的压力。导管154a与154b馈送气体至气体分散器158,该气体分散器158具有至少一个位在腔室中的气体出口160。在一态样中,气体出口160位于基板104的边缘。通常腔室102内的溅射气体压力比大气压要低上10的数次方。
利用气体激发器(gas energizer)160将能量耦合至腔室102的处理区域108中的工艺气体,来激发工艺气体以处理基板104。例如,气体激发器154可能包含多个工艺电极,且利用电源供应器供应电力至工艺电极以激发工艺气体。这些工艺电极可能包含位于腔室102的室壁中的电极,例如位于侧壁103、挡板120或支撑件106中的电极,该电极能够与另一电极(例如基板104上方的靶材20)耦合。可使用电源供应器(power supply)162相对于其它部件对靶材20施以电性偏压,以激发工艺气体并且从靶材20溅射出材料至基板104上。在区域108中所形成的等离子体会轰击靶材20的溅射面54,而从溅射面54溅射出材料且沉积至基板104上。
工艺气体通过排放系统170排出腔室102。排放系统170包含位于腔室102中的排气口172,该排气口172连接至通向排气泵176的排气导管174。在一态样中,排气泵包括低温泵(cryogenic pump),其具有泵入口(未示出)用以维持固定速度泵送指定的工艺气体质量流量。
使用控制器1800控制腔室100,控制器1800包含程序编码,编码具有多个指令组以操作腔室100的多个部件来处理腔室100内的基板104。例如,控制器180含有的程序编码可具有:用以操作基板支撑件106与基板传送机构的基板定位指令组、用以操作气体流量控制阀以设定输送至腔室100的溅射气体流量的气体流量控制指令组、用以维持腔室100内部压力的气体压力控制指令组、用以操作气体激发器160以设定气体激发能量级别的气体激发器控制指令组、用以操作磁场产生器140的磁场产生器指令组、用来控制支撑件或室壁114中的温度控制系统以设定腔室100内各种部件温度的温度控制指令组,以及用来透过工艺监视系统180来监视腔室100内部工艺的工艺监视指令组。
虽然以上内容已公开且描述本发明的数个实施例,然本领域技术人员可在不偏离本发明范围的情况下衍生出含有本发明的其它实施例。例如,可塑造出具有不同形状与分布位置的环80以对应其它磁体系统的磁场形状。背板24可能包含除了文中所示范的材料或形状以外的其它材料或形状。举例而言,溅射靶材可以是方形或矩形以制造显示器面板。此外,参照示范性实施例所描述的相对性或位置用语是可以交换的。因此,后附权利要求不应该仅限制在本文中用来示范说明本发明的较佳态样、材料或是空间配置。

Claims (21)

1.一种用于溅射腔室的溅射靶材,所述溅射靶材包括:
(a)背板,所述背板包含圆形板,所述圆形板具有正面与背面,所述正面包含环形凹槽;以及
(b)溅射板,其安装在所述背板上,所述溅射板包含具有溅射面和背面的圆盘,所述圆盘的背面具有环形凸脊,所述环形凸脊的形状与尺寸塑造成能使所述环形凸脊安装在所述环形凹槽中。
2.如权利要求1所述的靶材,其中所述溅射板包含环形凹槽,并且所述环形凹槽的形状与尺寸与所述溅射板中观察到的与邻近区域相比具有较高靶材侵蚀作用的区域相对应。
3.如权利要求1所述的靶材,其中所述环形凹槽包含下列特性中的至少一个:
(i)所述环形凹槽具有沿着所述背板的所述圆形板中心的对称轴;
(ii)所述环形凹槽包括相对于所述圆形板的中心对称并且与所述圆形板的边缘间隔开来的圆形;
(iii)小于约5厘米的深度;
(iv)约0.3厘米至约2厘米的深度;
(v)约1厘米至约7.5厘米的宽度;以及
(vi)所述环形凹槽具有内半径与外半径,并且所述内半径与所述外半径相差约1厘米至约5厘米。
4.如权利要求1所述的靶材,其中所述背板的所述正面包括多个环形凹槽,并且所述溅射板的所述背面包含多个环形凸脊,每个环形凸脊的形状与尺寸塑造成能使每个环形凸脊安装在所述背板的其中一个环形凹槽中。
5.如权利要求1所述的靶材,其中所述背板包含第一材料,所述溅射板包含第二材料,并且所述靶材还包括含有第三材料的环,所述第一、第二与第三材料互不相同;以及其中所述环设置在所述环形凹槽中。
6.如权利要求5所述的靶材,其中所述环包含下列特性的至少其中一个:
(i)所述环的形状塑造成条带状或螺旋状;
(ii)所述环是通过黏着剂、扩散连接或电沉积而安装至所述背板;以及
(iii)多个环。
7.一种溅射腔室,其包括:
(i)权利要求1所述的溅射靶材;
(ii)基板支撑件,其面对所述溅射靶材;
(iii)磁场产生器,其包含多个可旋转磁体,所述多个可旋转磁体设置在所述背板的背面附近;
(iv)气体分散器,用以引导气体进入所述溅射腔室中;以及
(v)排气口,用以排放所述溅射腔室中的气体。
8.一种延长溅射靶材寿命的方法,且所述溅射靶材具有安装在背板上的溅射板,所述方法包括:
(a)提供含有第一材料的背板;
(b)在所述背板的表面中形成环形凹槽;以及
(c)以溅射材料填充所述环形凹槽。
9.如权利要求8所述的方法,包括形成具有至少其中一个下列特性的环形凹槽:
(i)所述环形凹槽的形状与尺寸与所述溅射板中观察到的与邻近区域相比具有较高靶材侵蚀作用的区域相对应;
(ii)所述环形凹槽具有沿着所述背板的所述圆形板中心的对称轴;以及
(iii)所述环形凹槽包括相对于所述背板的中心呈对称性的圆形。
10.如权利要求8所述的方法,包括:
(i)在所述背板的正面上形成多个环形凹槽;以及
(ii)在所述溅射板的背面上形成多个环形凸脊,并且每个环形凸脊的形状与尺寸塑造成能使每个环形凸脊安装在所述背板的其中一个环形凹槽中。
11.如权利要求8所述的方法,所述方法包括形成由第一材料构成的所述背板,形成由第二材料构成的所述溅射板,并且还包括形成由第三材料构成的环,所述第一、第二与第三材料互不相同;以及,包括将所述环置于所述环形凹槽中。
12.一种用于溅射腔室的溅射靶材,所述溅射靶材包括:
(a)背板,其包括含有第一材料的圆形板,所述圆形板具有正面与背面;
(b)溅射板,其安装在所述背板的正面上,所述溅射板包含具有第二材料的溅射面的圆盘,并且所述圆盘具有背面;以及
(c)环,其安装在所述圆盘的背面,且所述环包含第三材料,
其中所述第一、第二与第三材料是不同材料。
13.如权利要求12所述的靶材,其中所述第一材料包含铜、铬、不锈钢或铝的至少其中一者;所述第二材料包含铝、铜、钨、钛、钴、镍或钽的至少其中一者;以及所述第三材料包含镍、不锈钢或铝的至少其中一者。
14.如权利要求12所述的靶材,还包括下列至少其中之一:
(i)所述环是条带或螺旋线圈;
(ii)所述环具有约10厘米至15厘米的内直径;以及
(iii)多个环。
15.一种控制溅射靶材的电磁特性的方法,其中所述溅射靶材包含安装在背板上的溅射板,所述方法包括:
(a)提供包含第一材料的背板;
(b)在所述背板的表面中形成环形凹槽;以及
(c)以第二材料填充所述环形凹槽,并且所述第二材料具有与所述第一材料不同的电磁特性。
16.一种控制溅射靶材的电磁特性的方法,其中所述溅射靶材包含溅射板以及含有第一材料的背板,所述方法包括:将环安装至所述背板的背面,所述环包含第二材料,并且所述第二材料具有与所述背板的第一材料不相同的电磁特性。
17.一种用于溅射腔室的溅射靶材,所述溅射靶材包括:
(a)背板,其包含由第一材料所构成的圆形板;
(b)溅射板,其安装在所述背板上,且所述溅射板包括含有第二材料的圆盘;以及
(c)位于所述圆形板内的环,所述环包含第三材料;
其中所述第一、第二与第三材料是不同材料。
18.如权利要求17所述的靶材,还包括下列至少其中之一:
(i)所述环嵌入所述圆形板的厚度中;
(ii)所述环安装至所述溅射板的所述圆盘的背面;或
(iii)多个环。
19.如权利要求17所述的靶材,其中所述第一材料包含铜、铬、不锈钢或铝的其中至少一者;所述第二材料包含铝、铜、钨、钛、钴、镍或钽的其中至少一者;以及所述第三材料包含镍、不锈钢或铝的其中至少一者。
20.如权利要求17所述的靶材,其中所述环包含下列一者或多者:
(a)条带;
(b)螺旋形板;
(c)多个套迭环;
(d)复合环,其包含多个结合在一起的套迭环。
21.如权利要求20所述的靶材,其中所述套迭环包含定位键。
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WO2008156794A3 (en) 2009-03-19
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