CN101522873B - 润滑油组合物 - Google Patents
润滑油组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101522873B CN101522873B CN2007800380827A CN200780038082A CN101522873B CN 101522873 B CN101522873 B CN 101522873B CN 2007800380827 A CN2007800380827 A CN 2007800380827A CN 200780038082 A CN200780038082 A CN 200780038082A CN 101522873 B CN101522873 B CN 101522873B
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- MTNDZQHUAFNZQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazoline Chemical class C1CN=CN1 MTNDZQHUAFNZQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000006317 isomerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002463 lignoceryl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002960 margaryl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000006263 metalation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RTWNYYOXLSILQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanediamine Chemical compound NCN RTWNYYOXLSILQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002751 molybdenum Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JKQOBWVOAYFWKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum trioxide Chemical compound O=[Mo](=O)=O JKQOBWVOAYFWKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VLAPMBHFAWRUQP-UHFFFAOYSA-L molybdic acid Chemical compound O[Mo](O)(=O)=O VLAPMBHFAWRUQP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002819 montanyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001802 myricyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001421 myristyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- IOKYPACLTOWHCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-diethyldodecan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCN(CC)CC IOKYPACLTOWHCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GQEZCXVZFLOKMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-alpha-hexadecene Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C GQEZCXVZFLOKMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUMOVISJJBHALN-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butyl-n-phenylnaphthalen-1-amine Chemical group C=1C=CC2=CC=CC=C2C=1N(CCCC)C1=CC=CC=C1 XUMOVISJJBHALN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-decene Natural products CCCCCCCCC=C AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLNMGXQGGUZIJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-octyl-n-phenylnaphthalen-1-amine Chemical compound C=1C=CC2=CC=CC=C2C=1N(CCCCCCCC)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZLNMGXQGGUZIJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000740 n-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001196 nonadecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 229940038384 octadecane Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000004365 octenyl group Chemical group C(=CCCCCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000000913 palmityl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002460 pentacosyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002958 pentadecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RFPMGSKVEAUNMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentylidene Chemical group [CH2+]CCC[CH-] RFPMGSKVEAUNMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003008 phosphonic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003016 phosphoric acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorous acid Chemical class OP(O)O OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004885 piperazines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001281 polyalkylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006380 polyphenylene oxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- AOHJOMMDDJHIJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylenediamine Chemical compound CC(N)CN AOHJOMMDDJHIJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000003377 silicon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006277 sulfonation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005987 sulfurization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940066771 systemic antihistamines piperazine derivative Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- LVEOKSIILWWVEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradecyl 3-(3-oxo-3-tetradecoxypropyl)sulfanylpropanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCSCCC(=O)OCCCCCCCCCCCCCC LVEOKSIILWWVEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VLLMWSRANPNYQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiadiazole Chemical compound C1=CSN=N1.C1=CSN=N1 VLLMWSRANPNYQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003558 thiocarbamic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RYYWUUFWQRZTIU-UHFFFAOYSA-K thiophosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=S RYYWUUFWQRZTIU-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- SJDSOBWGZRPKSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N tricos-1-ene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C SJDSOBWGZRPKSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002469 tricosyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002889 tridecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- WMYJOZQKDZZHAC-UHFFFAOYSA-H trizinc;dioxido-sulfanylidene-sulfido-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]P([O-])([S-])=S.[O-]P([O-])([S-])=S WMYJOZQKDZZHAC-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 229960004418 trolamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000002948 undecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LRXTYHSAJDENHV-UHFFFAOYSA-H zinc phosphate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LRXTYHSAJDENHV-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 229910000165 zinc phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MBBWTVUFIXOUBE-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;dicarbamodithioate Chemical compound [Zn+2].NC([S-])=S.NC([S-])=S MBBWTVUFIXOUBE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M141/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M141/06—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being an organic nitrogen-containing compound
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M129/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
- C10M129/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
- C10M129/68—Esters
- C10M129/76—Esters containing free hydroxy or carboxyl groups
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
- C10M133/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
- C10M133/16—Amides; Imides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
- C10M2203/102—Aliphatic fractions
- C10M2203/1025—Aliphatic fractions used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
- C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
- C10M2207/026—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings with tertiary alkyl groups
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
- C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
- C10M2207/028—Overbased salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/26—Overbased carboxylic acid salts
- C10M2207/262—Overbased carboxylic acid salts derived from hydroxy substituted aromatic acids, e.g. salicylates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/287—Partial esters
- C10M2207/289—Partial esters containing free hydroxy groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type
- C10M2209/084—Acrylate; Methacrylate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
- C10M2215/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
- C10M2215/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2215/042—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups; Alkoxylated derivatives thereof
-
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Abstract
本发明提供润滑油组合物,其在润滑油基油中含有(A)脂肪酸偏酯化合物和(B)(b1)脂肪族胺化合物和/或(b2)酰胺化合物0.5-1.5质量%、并且含有(C)特定的苯并三唑衍生物0.01-0.1质量%、以及含有特定量的(D)特定的琥珀酸酰亚胺化合物。本发明提供用于汽油发动机、柴油机、或者以二甲基醚为燃料的发动机、燃气发动机等内燃机的润滑油组合物,其不合Mo类减摩剂,且为低灰分、低磷、低硫,提高了减摩效果、氧化稳定性及防蚀效果,是一种顺应环境管制的润滑油组合物。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及内燃机用润滑油组合物,更详细地,本发明涉及通过并用(A)脂肪酸偏酯化合物、(B)(b1)脂肪族胺化合物和/或(b2)酰胺化合物、(C)特定的苯并三唑衍生物以及(D)特定的琥珀酸酰亚胺化合物,来提高减摩效果、氧化稳定性以及防蚀性的内燃机用润滑油组合物。
背景技术
目前,在全球范围内对环境的管制越来越严格,特别是围绕汽车所制定的燃耗量规定、排气规定等也日益严格。在该背景之下,出于对全球变暖等环境问题和石油资源枯竭的担心而提出了资源保护。由于以上原因,汽车的省燃耗化得到不断发展。
对于汽车的省燃耗化,在进行汽车的轻量化、发动机的改良等汽车自身改良的同时,发动机油的低粘度化、添加良好的摩擦调节剂等用于防止发动机摩擦损耗的发动机油的改善也很重要。然而,这种发动机油的低粘度化会造成发动机各部的磨耗增大,因此,为了降低伴随着这种低粘度化而产生的摩擦损失以及为了防止磨耗,需要添加摩擦调节剂、极压添加剂等,并且可以使用含硫化合物MoDTC等以及含磷化合物。但是,已知含硫化合物、含磷化合物会使净化排气的催化剂发生劣化,因而期望尽量减少发动机油中的含硫化合物和含磷化合物。
此外,在柴油机方面,用于减轻由颗粒物(粒状物)及NOx等排气成分造成的环境污染的对策成为重要的课题。作为该对策,在汽车上安装微粒过滤器、排气净化催化剂(氧化或还原催化剂)等排气净化装置是很有效的。安装了这种排气净化装置的汽车在使用现有的内燃机用润滑油时,虽然通过氧化、燃烧可以除去附着在微粒过滤器上的烟灰,但燃烧产生的金属氧化物、磷酸盐、硫酸盐、羧酸盐等,会导致滤器孔堵塞(目詰まり)等问题。所使用的发动机油部分燃烧,作为排气而被排出。因此,优选尽可能减少润滑油中的金属成分和硫成分,期望开发出代替MoDTC等含硫、含钼化合物的摩擦调节剂。
作为上述MoDTC等有机钼化合物以外的摩擦调节剂,例如,可以列举专利文献1-4记载的有机类减摩剂。专利文献1中记载了通过提高有机类减摩剂对基油的溶解性而得到的、具有优异的减摩效果的润滑油。此外,专利文献2-4记载了含有特定的脂肪酸偏酯化合物和脂肪族胺化合物的润滑油组合物。通过这些技术开发虽然可以实现即使不使用钼类(以下也表示为Mo类)减摩剂也能达到减小摩擦,但一般这些有机类减摩剂会造成金属的腐蚀和润滑油的氧化劣化,因此,从上述观点出发,研究润滑油的组成也很重要。
但是,作为以上述省燃耗化为目标的发动机的改良,可以列举以减小气门机构中的摩擦为目的,从直冲型(直打タイプ)向辊型的改变。随着这种改变,对发动机油的性能要求也发生了变化,近年来对发动机油在气门机构以外的滑动部分中的减摩效果的要求也越来越高。作为上述部分,可以列举作为主轴承、连杆轴承等滑动部的轴承合金等,这些材质不仅限于铁类,还包括铝、铜、锡、铅等多种材质。这些含铜及含铅的金属材料具有疲劳现象少等优异特性,但另一方面存在由发动机油导致腐蚀的问题。
专利文献1:日本特开2000-273481号公报
专利文献2:日本特开2003-238982号公报
专利文献3:日本特开2004-155891号公报
专利文献4:日本特开2005-002888号公报
发明内容
在这种情况下,本发明的目的在于提供适用于汽油发动机、柴油机、或者以二甲基醚为燃料的发动机、燃气发动机等内燃机的润滑油组合物,其不含Mo类减摩剂,且为低灰分、低磷、低硫,可提高减摩效果、氧化稳定性及防蚀效果,是一种顺应环境管制的润滑油组合物。
本发明人等为了实现上述目的进行了深入研究,结果发现,通过并用(A)脂肪酸偏酯化合物、(B)上述(b1)化合物和/或上述(b2)化合物、(C)特定的苯并三唑衍生物以及(D)特定的琥珀酸酰亚胺化合物,可以实现上述目的。本发明基于该发现而完成。
即,本发明提供润滑油组合物,其特征在于,含有:润滑油基油、(A)脂肪酸偏酯化合物、(B)上述(b1)化合物和/或上述(b2)化合物、(C)通式(I)表示的苯并三唑衍生物
[化1]
(式(I)中,R1、R2分别独立地表示可以含有氧原子、硫原子或者氮原子的碳原子数1-30的烃基。)、
以及(D)通式(II)或(III)表示的琥珀酸酰亚胺化合物,其总量中的70质量%以上为(d1)含有数均分子量1500以上的聚丁烯基的聚丁烯琥珀酸二酰亚胺化合物,
[化2]
(式中,R3、R5和R6分别表示数均分子量500-3000的链烯基(alkenyl)或者烷基,R5和R6可以相同或不同,R4、R7和R8分别表示碳原子数2-5的亚烷基,R7和R8可以相同或不同,r表示1-10的整数,s表示0或者1-10的整数。),
上述(A)成分和上述(B)成分的含量为0.5-1.5质量%,上述(C)成分的含量为0.01-0.1质量%,上述(D)成分的含量为0.5-15质量%。
根据本发明,通过并用(A)脂肪酸偏酯化合物、(B)上述(b1)化合物和/或上述(b2)化合物、(C)特定的苯并三唑衍生物以及(D)特定的琥珀酸酰亚胺化合物,可提供不含Mo类减摩剂,且低灰分、低磷、低硫,并使减摩效果、氧化稳定性及防蚀效果提高的顺应环境管制的内燃机用润滑油组合物,具体来说,可提供适用于汽油发动机、柴油机、或者以二甲基醚为燃料的发动机、燃气发动机等内燃机的润滑油组合物。
具体实施方式
本发明的润滑油组合物的特征是,在基油中配合(A)脂肪酸偏酯化合物、(B)上述(b1)化合物和/或上述(b2)化合物、(C)特定的苯并三唑衍生物以及(D)特定的琥珀酸酰亚胺化合物而得到,并用这些(A)-(D)成分。
对本发明的润滑油组合物中的基油没有特殊限制,可以适当选择使用以前用作内燃机用润滑油基油的矿物油、合成油中的任意基油。
作为矿物油,例如可以列举:对常压蒸馏原油所得到的常压渣油进行减压蒸馏而得到的润滑油馏分,再对该馏分进行溶剂脱沥青(脱れき)、溶剂萃取、氢解作用、溶剂脱蜡、催化脱蜡、加氢精制等中的一种以上的处理而精制得到的矿物油;或者通过对蜡、GTL WAX进行异构化而制得的矿物油等。
另一方面,作为合成油,例如可以列举:聚丁烯、聚烯烃[α-烯烃均聚物、共聚物(例如乙烯-α-烯烃共聚物)等]、各种酯(例如多元醇酯、二元酸酯、磷酸酯等)、各种醚(例如聚苯醚等)、聚乙二醇、烷基苯、烷基萘等。这些合成油中,特别优选聚烯烃、多元醇酯。
本发明中,作为基油,上述矿物油可以使用一种,也可以两种以上组合使用。另外,上述合成油可以使用一种,也可以两种以上组合使用。并且,还可以将一种以上的矿物油和一种以上的合成油组合使用。
对基油的粘度没有特殊限制,根据润滑油组合物的用途而不同,但通常100℃下的运动粘度为2-30mm2/s,优选为3-15mm2/s,特别优选为4-10mm2/s。如果100℃下的运动粘度为2mm2/s以上,则蒸发损失少;此外如果运动粘度为30mm2/s以下,则由粘滞阻力造成的动力损失被抑制,能够得到燃耗量改善的效果。
此外,作为基油,优选使用环分析所得的%CA为3以下、且硫含量为50质量ppm以下的基油。其中,环分析所得的%CA是表示按照环分析n-d-M法计算出的芳香族成分的比例(百分率)。此外,硫含量是按照JIS K 2541测定的值。
%CA为3以下、硫含量为50质量ppm以下的基油,具有良好的氧化稳定性,能抑制酸值的上升和淤渣的产生,同时还可以提供对金属腐蚀性小的润滑油组合物。
更优选的%CA为1以下,进一步优选为0.5以下,并且更优选的硫含量为30质量ppm以下。
另外,基油的粘度指数优选为70以上,更优选为100以上,进一步优选为120以上。该粘度指数为70以上的基油,因温度变化而产生的粘度变化小。
本发明的(A)脂肪酸偏酯化合物,是通过具有直链或支链烃基的脂肪酸与脂肪族多元醇反应而得到的偏酯,其中,所述直链或支链烃基的碳原子数优选为6-30,更优为8-24,特别优选为10-20。
作为上述碳原子数6-30的直链或支链烃基,可以列举:己基、庚基、辛基、壬基、癸基、十一烷基、十二烷基、十三烷基、十四烷基、十五烷基、十六烷基、十七烷基、十八烷基、十九烷基、二十烷基、二十一烷基、二十二烷基、二十三烷基、二十四烷基、二十五烷基、二十六烷基、二十七烷基、二十八烷基、二十九烷基和三十烷基等烷基;己烯基、庚烯基、辛烯基、壬烯基、癸烯基、十一烯基、十二烯基、十三烯基、十四烯基、十五烯基、十六烯基、十七烯基、十八烯基、十九烯基、二十烯基、二十一烯基、二十二烯基、二十三烯基、二十四烯基、二十五烯基、二十六烯基、二十七烯基、二十八烯基、二十九烯基和三十烯基等烯基;具有2个以上双键的烃基等。另外,上述烷基、烯基、具有2个以上双键的烃基包含能想到的所有直链结构和支链结构,并且,烯基和具有2个以上双键的烃基中的双键位置是任意的。
作为具有上述烃基的脂肪酸,可以列举:己酸、辛酸、癸酸、月桂酸、肉豆蔻酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、花生酸、山萮酸以及二十四酸等饱和脂肪酸;以及肉豆蔻烯酸、棕榈油酸、油酸和亚麻酸等不饱和脂肪酸,优选不饱和脂肪酸。
上述脂肪族多元醇为2-6元醇,可以列举:乙二醇、甘油、三羟甲基丙烷、季戊四醇、山梨醇等,优选甘油。
作为甘油与上述不饱和脂肪酸反应而得到的(A)脂肪酸偏酯化合物,可以列举:单肉豆蔻烯酸甘油酯、单棕榈油酸甘油酯、单油酸甘油酯等单酯;二肉豆蔻烯酸甘油酯、二棕榈油酸甘油酯、二油酸甘油酯等二酯;优选为单酯。此外,偏酯化合物还可列举与硅化合物或者硼化合物的反应生成物,优选与硼化合物的反应物。
本发明中(A)脂肪酸偏酯化合物,可以单独使用一种,也可以两种以上组合使用。此外,从减摩效果的观点出发,其配合量优选为0.05质量%以上,更优选为0.1质量%以上,特别优选为0.3质量%以上。对配合量的上限没有特殊限制,但从经济性、金属腐蚀性以及润滑油的氧化劣化的观点出发,与下述(B)成分的合计量为1.5质量%以下。
本发明的(B)成分包含(b1)脂肪族胺化合物和/或酰胺化合物。上述(b1)化合物是具有直链或支链烃基的胺类化合物,其中直链或支链烃基的碳原子数优选为6-30、更优选为8-24、特别优选为10-20。作为碳原子数6-30的直链或支链烃基,适用作为上述脂肪酸的烃基举例说明的烃基。
作为上述(b1)化合物,可以列举:脂肪族单胺或其烯化氧加合物、烷醇胺、脂肪族多胺、咪唑啉化合物等。具体可以列举:月桂胺、月桂基二乙胺、月桂基二乙醇胺、十二烷基二丙醇胺、棕榈胺、硬脂胺、硬脂基四亚乙基五胺、油胺、油烯基丙邻二胺、油烯基二乙醇胺、以及N-羟乙基油烯基咪唑啉等脂肪族胺化合物,该等脂肪族胺化合物的N,N-二聚氧亚烷基-N-烷基(或烯基)(碳原子数6-28)等的氨基烯化氧加合物。
作为在上述(b2)化合物的合成中所使用的胺化合物,可以列举上述(b1)化合物,其中优选烷醇胺。作为烷醇胺,可以列举:单乙醇胺、二乙醇胺、三乙醇胺、N-甲基乙醇胺、N,N-二甲基乙醇胺、N-乙基乙醇胺、N,N-二乙基乙醇胺、N-异丙基乙醇胺、N,N-二异丙基乙醇胺、单异丙醇胺、二异丙醇胺、三异丙醇胺、N-甲基异丙醇胺、N,N-二甲基异丙醇胺、N-乙基异丙醇胺、N,N-二乙基异丙醇胺、N-异丙基异丙醇胺、N,N-二异丙基异丙醇胺、单正丙醇胺、二正丙醇胺、三正丙醇胺、N-甲基正丙醇胺、N,N-二甲基正丙醇胺、N-乙基正丙醇胺、N,N-二乙基正丙醇胺、N-异丙基正丙醇胺、N,N-二异丙基正丙醇胺、单丁醇胺、二丁醇胺、三丁醇胺、N-甲基丁醇胺、N,N-二甲基丁醇胺、N-乙基丁醇胺、N,N-二乙基丁醇胺、N-异丙基丁醇胺、N,N-二异丙基丁醇胺等。
作为在上述(b2)化合物的合成中所使用的羧酸,可以列举:具有碳原子数优选为6-30的直链或支链烃基的一元脂肪酸;草酸、苯二酸、偏苯三酸、均苯四酸等碳原子数优选为2-30的聚羧酸。
上述羧酸中,优选具有直链或支链烃基的一元脂肪酸,其烃基的碳原子数优选为6-30,更优选为8-24,特别优选为10-20。作为具体例,可以列举:己酸、辛酸、癸酸、月桂酸、肉豆蔻酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、花生酸、山萮酸和二十四酸等饱和脂肪酸;肉豆蔻烯酸、棕榈油酸、油酸和亚麻酸等不饱和脂肪酸,从减摩效果的观点出发,优选为不饱和脂肪酸。
作为上述(b2)化合物,可以列举:油酸单乙醇酰胺、油酸二乙醇酰胺、油酸单丙醇酰胺、油酸二丙醇酰胺等。
本发明中,作为(B)成分,上述(b1)化合物和上述(b2)化合物可以单独使用,也可以组合使用。并且,还可以使用多个(b1)化合物和多个(b2)化合物。从减摩效果的观点出发,(B)成分的配合量优选为0.05质量%以上,更优选为0.1质量%以上,特别优选为0.3质量%以上。对配合量的上限没有特殊限制,但从经济性、金属腐蚀性以及润滑油的氧化劣化的观点出发,与上述(A)脂肪酸偏酯化合物的合计量为1.5质量%以下。
本发明中并用上述(A)成分和上述(B)成分。通过并用两种成分,可以得到比它们单独使用时更优异的减摩效果。从减摩效果的观点出发,其合计量为0.5-1.5质量%,优选为0.6-1.2质量%。如果其合计量低于0.5质量%,则无法得到充分的减摩效果,并且即使超过1.5质量%也无法得到相应的减摩效果。
另外,具有上述(A)成分和上述(B)成分的减摩效果虽然可通过并用两种成分而得到协同增强,但另一方面,并用两种成分时对金属的腐蚀性、润滑油的氧化劣化与它们单独存在时相比有增加的倾向。从该观点出发,(A)成分和(B)成分的合计量为1.5质量%以下。如果在1.5质量%以下,则可以避免关于上述金属腐蚀性和氧化劣化的问题。
本发明中,除了对上述(A)成分和(B)成分的合计量的限定之外,还能通过配合金属钝化剂来进一步抑制金属腐蚀性和氧化劣化,从而可以得到使减摩效果、氧化稳定性和防蚀效果平衡性良好地提高的润滑油组合物。作为金属钝化剂,例如可以列举:苯并三唑类、甲苯并三唑类、噻二唑类、咪唑类以及嘧啶类化合物等。其中优选为苯并三唑类化合物。
作为苯并三唑类化合物,可以列举(C)通式(I)表示的苯并三唑衍生物。
[化3]
式(I)中,R1、R2分别独立地表示碳原子数1-30的烃基,优选碳原子数为1-20,更优选碳原子数为2-18,特别优选碳原子数为3-18的烃基。该烃基可以是直链状、支链状、环状的任意一种,并且还可以含有氧原子、硫原子、或者氮原子。该R1和R2可以互相相同或不同。
从上述(C)苯并三唑衍生物的效果的观点出发,其含量优选为0.01-0.1质量%,更优选为0.03-0.05质量%。此外,(C)苯并三唑衍生物可以使用一种,也可以两种以上组合使用。另外,还可以组合使用其它的金属钝化剂。
作为本发明中的分散剂,使用(D)通式(II)或通式(III)表示的琥珀酸酰亚胺化合物。
[化4]
通式(II)、(III)中,R3、R5和R6分别表示数均分子量500-3000的烯基或者烷基,R5和R6可以相同或不同。R3、R5和R6的数均分子量优选为1000-3000。此外,R4、R7和R8分别表示碳原子数2-5的亚烷基,R7和R8可以相同或不同,r表示1-10的整数,s表示0或者1-10的整数。
如果上述R3、R5和R6的数均分子量不足500,则对基油的溶解性下降,如果超过3000,则清净性下降,可能无法得到目标性能。此外,上述r优选为2-5,更优选为3-4。如果r不足1,则清净性恶化,如果r超过10,则对基油的溶解性变差。
通式(III)中,s优选为1-4,更优选为2-3。如果s为0,则清净性恶化,如果s超过10,则对基油的溶解性变差。作为烯基,可列举聚丁烯基、聚异丁烯基、乙烯-丙烯共聚物,作为烷基,可列举将这些烯基氢化所得到的烷基。
作为优选的烯基的代表例子,可列举聚丁烯基或聚异丁烯基。聚丁烯基可通过使1-丁烯和异丁烯的混合物或者高纯度的异丁烯进行聚合而得到。另外,作为优选的烷基的代表例子,可列举将聚丁烯基或聚异丁烯基氢化所得到的烷基。
上述烯基或烷基琥珀酸酰亚胺化合物通常可采用如下方法制备:使聚烯烃和马来酸酐反应所得到的烯基琥珀酸酐、或将其氢化所得到的烷基琥珀酸酐与多胺反应。
上述琥珀酸单酰亚胺化合物和琥珀酸二酰亚胺化合物可通过改变烯基琥珀酸酐或烷基琥珀酸酐与多胺的反应比例来制备。
作为形成上述聚烯烃的烯烃单体,可将碳原子数2-8的α-烯烃的一种或两种以上混合使用,可优选使用异丁烯和1-丁烯的混合物。
另一方面,作为多胺,可以列举:乙二胺、丙二胺、丁二胺、戊二胺等单一的二胺;二亚乙基三胺、三亚乙基四胺、四亚乙基五胺、五亚乙基六胺、二(甲基亚乙基)三胺、二亚丁基三胺、三亚丁基四胺、五亚戊基六胺等聚亚烷基多胺;氨乙基哌嗪等哌嗪衍生物。
另外,除了上述烯基或烷基琥珀酸酰亚胺化合物,还可以使用其硼衍生物、和/或用有机酸将其改性所得的化合物。可以使用常规方法制备烯基或烷基琥珀酸酰亚胺化合物的硼衍生物。
例如,可使上述聚烯烃与马来酸酐反应生成烯基琥珀酸酐,再使上述多胺与氧化硼、卤代硼、硼酸、硼酸酐、硼酸酯、硼酸的铵盐等硼化合物反应得到中间体,之后通过使所述烯基琥珀酸酐与所述中间体反应进行酰亚胺化而得到。
对该硼衍生物中的硼含量没有特别限定,但以硼计通常为0.05-5质量%,优选为0.1-3质量%。
上述(D)琥珀酸酰亚胺化合物含量相对润滑油组合物为0.5-15质量%,优选为1-10质量%。如果该含量低于0.5质量%,则难以发挥其效果,并且即使该含量超过15质量%,也无法得到与该添加相应的效果。此外,由于琥珀酸酰亚胺化合物对铅有腐蚀性,因此不优选含有必要以上的量,从这个观点出发也要规定上述上限。另外,琥珀酸酰亚胺化合物只要含有规定量的下述(d1)含有数均分子量1500以上的聚丁烯基的聚丁烯琥珀酸二酰亚胺化合物即可,可以单独或两种以上组合使用。
如上所述,由于普通的酰亚胺化合物对铅的腐蚀性非常高,所以为了在减小摩擦的同时,能实现润滑油的氧化稳定性和防止金属腐蚀,必须选择适当的酰亚胺化合物。因此,本发明中,(d1)含有数均分子量1500以上的聚丁烯基的聚丁烯琥珀酸二酰亚胺是必要成分,其含量相对于(D)琥珀酸酰亚胺化合物的总量为70质量%以上,优选为80质量%以上。并且,(d1)成分的氮含量相对于(D)琥珀酸酰亚胺化合物的总氮含量优选为60%以上,更优选为70%以上。满足上述条件就可以抑制对铅的腐蚀性。
在不损害本发明的目的的范围内,根据需要还可以在本发明的润滑油组合物中适当配合其它的添加剂,例如:粘度指数提高剂、倾点下降剂、金属类洗净剂、抗氧化剂、耐磨损剂或者极压添加剂、上述(A)成分和(B)成分以外的减摩剂、防锈剂、表面活性剂或者抗乳化剂、消泡剂等。
作为粘度指数提高剂,例如可以列举:聚甲基丙烯酸酯、分散型聚甲基丙烯酸酯、烯烃类共聚物(例如乙烯-丙烯共聚物等)、分散型烯烃共聚物、苯乙烯类共聚物(例如苯乙烯-二烯共聚物、苯乙烯-异戊二烯共聚物等)等。
从配合效果的观点出发,这些粘度指数提高剂的配合量,以润滑油组合物总量为基准,通常为0.5-15质量%,优选为1-10质量%。
作为倾点下降剂,例如可以列举:重均分子量为约5000-50000的聚甲基丙烯酸酯等。
作为金属类洗净剂,可以使用用于润滑油的任意碱土金属类洗净剂,例如可列举:碱土金属磺酸盐、碱土金属酚盐、碱土金属水杨酸盐以及选自该等之中的2种以上的混合物等。作为碱土金属磺酸盐,可以使用通过将分子量300-1500、优选400-700的烷基芳香族化合物磺化而得到烷基芳香族磺酸的碱土金属盐,特别是镁盐和/或钙盐等,其中,优选使用钙盐。作为碱土金属酚盐,可以列举:烷基酚、烷基酚硫化物、烷基酚的曼尼希反应物的碱土金属盐,特别是镁盐和/或钙盐等,其中,特别优选使用钙盐。作为碱土金属水杨酸盐,可以列举烷基水杨酸的碱土金属盐,特别是镁盐和/或钙盐等,其中,优选使用钙盐。作为构成上述碱土金属类洗净剂的烷基,优选碳原子数为4-30的烷基,更优选碳原子数为6-18的直链或支链烷基,它们可以是直链或支链。所述烷基还可以是伯烷基、仲烷基或叔烷基。另外,作为碱土金属磺酸盐、碱土金属酚盐和碱土金属水杨酸盐,不仅包含:通过使上述烷基芳香族磺酸、烷基酚、烷基酚硫化物、烷基酚的曼尼希反应物、烷基水杨酸等直接与镁和/或钙的碱土金属的氧化物或氢氧化物等的碱土金属碱反应,或者一次性形成钠盐、钾盐等碱金属盐之后置换成碱土金属盐等,由此得到的中性碱土金属磺酸盐、中性碱土金属酚盐和中性碱土金属水杨酸盐;还包含:通过在水的存在下对中性碱土金属磺酸盐、中性碱土金属酚盐和中性碱土金属水杨酸盐与过量的碱土金属盐和碱土金属碱进行加热而得到的碱性碱土金属磺酸盐、碱性碱土金属酚盐和碱性碱土金属水杨酸盐;以及通过在二氧化碳的存在下使中性碱土金属磺酸盐、中性碱土金属酚盐和中性碱土金属水杨酸盐与碱土金属的碳酸盐或硼酸盐反应而得到的高碱性碱土金属磺酸盐、高碱性碱土金属酚盐和高碱性碱土金属水杨酸盐。
作为本发明中的金属类洗净剂,可以使用上述中性盐、碱性盐、高碱性盐以及它们的混合物等,从清净性和耐磨性方面出发,特别优选将1种以上的高碱性水杨酸盐、高碱性酚盐、高碱性磺酸盐与中性磺酸盐混合。
本发明中,金属类洗净剂的含量以金属元素换算量计通常为1质量%以下,优选为0.5质量%以下,为了进一步将组合物的硫酸灰分降低到1质量%以下,金属类洗净剂的含量优选为0.3质量%以下。此外,金属类洗净剂的含量以金属元素换算量计为0.005质量%以上,优选为0.01质量%以上,为了进一步提高氧化稳定性、碱值维持性、高温清净性,更优选为0.05质量%以上,特别是金属类洗净剂的含量为0.1质量%以上时,可以得到能够更长时间维持碱值和高温清净性的组合物,故特别优选。其中所述硫酸灰分是表示按照JIS K 2272的5.“硫酸灰分试验方法”中规定的方法测定的值,主要起因于含金属的添加剂。
作为抗氧化剂,可以列举:酚类抗氧化剂、胺类抗氧化剂、钼胺络合物类抗氧化剂、硫类抗氧化剂等。作为酚类抗氧化剂,例如可以列举:4,4’-亚甲基双(2,6-二叔丁基苯酚)、4,4’-双(2,6-二叔丁基苯酚)、4,4’-双(2-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚)、2,2’-亚甲基双(4-乙基-6-叔丁基苯酚)、2,2’-亚甲基双(4-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚)、4,4’-亚丁基双(3-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚 )、4,4’-异亚丙基双(2,6-二叔丁基苯酚)、2,2’-亚甲基双(4-甲基-6-壬基苯酚)、2,2’-异亚丁基双(4,6-二甲基苯酚)、2,2’-亚甲基双(4-甲基-6-环己基苯酚)、2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚、2,6-二叔丁基-4-乙基苯酚、2,4-二甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚、2,6-二叔戊基对甲苯酚、2,6-二叔丁基-4-(N,N’-二甲基氨基甲基苯酚)、4,4’-硫代双(2-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚)、4,4’-硫代双(3-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚)、2,2’-硫代双(4-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚)、双(3-甲基-4-羟基-5-叔丁基苄基)硫化物(スルフイド)、双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)硫化物、正辛基-3-(4-羟基-3,5二叔丁基苯基)丙酸酯(propionate)、正十八烷基-3-(4-羟基-3,5二叔丁基苯基)丙酸酯、2,2’-硫代[二乙基-双-3-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸酯]等。其中,特别优选为双酚类和含有酯基的酚类。
此外,作为胺类抗氧化剂,例如可列举:单辛基二苯胺、单壬基二苯胺等单烷基二苯胺类;4,4’-二丁基二苯胺、4,4’-二戊基二苯胺、4,4’-二己基二苯胺、4,4’-二庚基二苯胺、4,4’-二辛基二苯胺、4,4’-二壬基二苯胺等二烷基二苯胺类;四丁基二苯胺、四己基二苯胺、四辛基二苯胺、四壬基二苯胺等多烷基二苯胺类;以及萘胺类,具体可列举:α-萘胺、苯基-α-萘胺、丁基苯基-α-萘胺、戊基苯基-α-萘胺、己基苯基-α-萘胺、庚基苯基-α-萘胺、辛基苯基-α-萘胺、壬基苯基-α-萘胺等烷基取代苯基-α-萘胺等。其中优选二烷基二苯胺类及萘胺类。
作为钼胺络合物类抗氧化剂,是使6价的钼化合物,具体来说是三氧化钼和/或钼酸与胺化合物反应所得到的化合物,例如可以使用由日本特开2003-252887号公报记载的制造方法得到的化合物。
对于与6价的钼化合物反应的胺化合物没有特殊限制,具体可以列举:单胺、二胺、多胺和烷醇胺。更具体地可以列举:甲胺、乙胺、二甲胺、二乙胺、甲基乙基胺、甲基丙基胺等具有碳原子数1-30的烷基(这些烷基可以是直链状或支链状)的烷基胺;乙烯胺、丙烯胺、丁烯胺、辛烯胺及油胺等具有碳原子数2-30的烯基(这些烯基可以是直链状或支链状)的烯基胺;甲醇胺、乙醇胺、甲醇乙醇胺、甲醇丙醇胺等具有碳原子数1-30的烷醇基(这些烷醇基可以是直链状或支链状)的烷醇胺;亚甲基二胺、亚乙基二胺、亚丙基二胺以及亚丁基二胺等具有碳原子数1-30的亚烷基的亚烷基二胺;二亚乙基三胺、三亚乙基四胺、四亚乙基五胺、五亚乙基六胺等多胺;十一烷基二乙基胺、十一烷基二乙醇胺、十二烷基二丙醇胺、油烯基二乙醇胺、油烯基亚丙基二胺、硬脂基四亚乙基五胺等在上述单胺、二胺、多胺中具有碳原子数8-20的烷基或者烯基的化合物或咪唑啉等的杂环化合物、这些化合物的烯化氧加合物、以及它们的混合物等。此外,可以列举日本特公平3-22438号公报及日本特开2004-2866号公报记载的琥珀酸酰亚胺的含硫的钼络合物等。
作为硫类抗氧化剂,例如可以列举:吩噻嗪、季戊四醇-四-(3-月桂基硫代丙酸酯)、双(十二烷基)硫化物、双(十八烷基)硫化物、双(十二烷基)硫代二丙酸酯、双(十八烷基)硫代二丙酸酯、双肉豆蔻基硫代二丙酸酯、十二烷基十八烷基硫代二丙酸酯、2-巯基苯并咪唑、亚甲基双(二丁基二硫代氨基甲酸酯)等。
作为耐磨损剂、极压添加剂,可以列举:磷酸锌、二硫代磷酸锌、二硫代氨基甲酸锌、二硫化物类、硫化烯烃类、硫化油脂类、硫化酯类、硫代碳酸酯类、硫代氨基甲酸酯类等的含硫化合物;亚磷酸酯类、磷酸酯类、膦酸酯类、以及它们的胺盐或者金属盐等的含磷化合物;硫代亚磷酸酯类、硫代磷酸酯类、硫代膦酸酯类、以及它们的胺盐或者金属盐等的含硫和磷的抗磨剂;碱金属硼酸盐及其水合物。
作为除(A)成分和(B)成分以外的减摩剂,可以使用作为润滑油用减摩剂常用的任何化合物,例如可以列举:分子中至少具有1个碳原子数为6-30的烷基或烯基的脂肪酸、脂肪族醇、脂肪族醚等无灰减摩剂。
作为防锈剂,可以列举:石油磺酸酯(盐)、烷基苯磺酸酯(盐)、二壬基萘磺酸酯(盐)、烯基琥珀酸酯、多元醇酯等。从配合效果的观点出发,以润滑油组合物总量为基准,这些防锈剂的配合量通常为约0.01-1质量%,优选为0.05-0.5质量%。
作为表面活性剂或者抗乳化剂,可以列举:聚氧乙烯烷基醚、聚氧乙烯烷基苯基醚以及聚氧乙烯烷基萘基醚等聚亚烷基二醇类非离子性表面活性剂等。
作为消泡剂,可以列举:硅油、氟硅油以及氟烷基醚等,从消泡效果和经济性的平衡等观点出发,以组合物总量为基础,消泡剂的含量优选为约0.005-0.1质量%。
本发明的润滑油组合物中,硫含量优选为0.3质量%以下。如果硫含量为0.3质量%以下,则可以抑制净化排气的催化剂的性能降低,硫含量更优选为0.2质量%以下。
磷含量优选为0.12质量%以下。如果磷含量为0.12质量%以下,则可以抑制净化排气的催化剂的性能降低,磷含量更优选为0.1质量%以下。
此外,硫酸灰分优选为1质量%以下。如果硫酸灰分为1质量%以下,则如上所述可以抑制净化排气的催化剂的性能降低。另外,柴油机中DPF(柴油机微粒过滤器)的滤器上堆积的灰分量少,能够抑制该滤器的灰分堵塞,延长DPF的寿命。另外,该硫酸灰分是指向燃烧试样所产生的碳化残留物中加入硫酸并加热至恒量所得的灰分,用于了解通常润滑油组合物中金属类添加剂的大概含量。
本发明的润滑油组合物是氧化稳定性和减摩效果优异、并且磷含量和硫酸灰分少的顺应环境管制的内燃机用润滑油组合物,用于汽油发动机、柴油机、或者以二甲基醚为燃料的发动机、燃气发动机等内燃机。
对上述内燃机的滑动部件没有特别限制,本发明的润滑油组合物可适用于包含铁、钢、铸铁、硼铸铁、铝、铜、锡、铅等金属材料的滑动面;以及具有类金刚石碳(diamond-like carbon)(DLC)、氮化钛(TiN)、氮化铬(CrN)等硬质膜的滑动面。这些滑动部件可以同种组合,也可以不同种组合,但优选为至少一面是硬质膜面。
作为上述内燃机的滑动面,可以列举:活塞环与汽缸、活塞裙与汽缸、活塞销与连杆轴承、活塞销与轴瓦、凸轮与垫片、凸轮与摇杆、凸轮轴颈与凸轮轴、辊摇杆的滚针轴承部、摇杆与摇臂轴、辊挺杆与凸轮曲轴的销与连杆轴承、曲轴的轴承部、构成定时链的板与销、定时链与链轮、定时链用闸瓦(shoe)与链、阀座面与阀面、阀的梗(stem)面与导向杆(stem guide)、梗面与梗密封(stem seal)、梗端(stem end)与阀挺杆、油泵的外齿轮装置(outer gear)与内齿轮装置(inner gear)、油泵的外转子与内转子、涡轮增压机的滚动部、涡轮增压机的轴承部等。
实施例
以下,通过实施例对本发明进行进一步详细地说明,但本发明不受这些实施例的限定。
配制具有如表1所示组成的润滑油组合物,进行如下所示的往复摩擦试验、氧化劣化试验、铅腐蚀试验。结果如表2所示。另外,用于配制润滑油组合物的各成分的种类如下所示。
(1)基油A:加氢精制基油,40℃运动粘度为21mm2/s,100℃运动粘度为4.5mm2/s,粘度指数为127,%CA为0.1以下,硫含量为不足20质量ppm,NOACK蒸发量为13.3质量%
(2)酯类摩擦调节剂A:单油酸甘油酯
(3)酰胺类摩擦调节剂B:油酸二乙醇酰胺
(4)胺类摩擦调节剂C:キクル一ブFM910((株)ADEKA制)
(5)苯并三唑化合物:1-[N,N-双(2-乙基己基)氨基甲基]甲基苯并三唑
(6)聚丁烯琥珀酸单酰亚胺A:聚丁烯基的数均分子量为1000,氮含量为1.76质量%,硼含量为2.0质量%
(7)聚丁烯琥珀酸二酰亚胺B:聚丁烯基的数均分子量为2000,氮含量为0.99质量%
(8)聚丁烯琥珀酸单酰亚胺C:聚丁烯基的数均分子量为1000,氮含量为2.1质量%
(9)粘度指数提高剂:聚甲基丙烯酸酯,重均分子量为420000,树脂量为39质量%
(10)倾点下降剂:聚甲基丙烯酸烷基酯,重均分子量为6000
(11)金属类洗净剂A:高碱性水杨酸钙,碱值(高氯酸法)为225mgKOH/g,钙含量为7.8质量%,硫含量为0.3质量%
(12)金属类洗净剂B:高碱性苯酚钙,碱值(高氯酸法)为255mgKOH/g,钙含量为9.3质量%,硫含量为3.0质量%
(13)金属类洗净剂C:磺酸钙,碱值(高氯酸法)为17mgKOH/g,钙含量为2.4质量%,硫含量为2.8质量%
(14)酚类抗氧化剂:4,4’-亚甲基双(2,6-二叔丁基苯酚)
(15)胺类抗氧化剂:二烷基二苯基胺,氮含量为4.62质量%,
(16)二烷基二硫代磷酸锌:锌含量为9.0质量%,磷含量为8.2质量%、硫含量为17.1质量%、烷基:仲丁基与仲己基的混合物
(17)其它添加剂:防锈剂、防蚀剂、抗乳化剂及消泡剂
[磷含量]
按照JPI-5S-38-92进行测定。
[硫含量]
按照JIS K2541进行测定。
[氮含量]
按照JIS K2609进行测定。
[双酰亚胺含量]
表2中的“双酰亚胺含量”表示,(d1)含有数均分子量1500以上的聚丁烯基的聚丁烯琥珀酸二酰亚胺相对于(D)琥珀酸酰亚胺化合物总量的百分率,按照下式计算。
双酰亚胺含量(质量%)
=双酰亚胺B添加量×100/(单酰亚胺A添加量+双酰亚胺B添加量+单酰亚胺C添加量)
[双酰亚胺(N)含量]
表2中的“双酰亚胺(N)含量”表示,(d1)含有数均分子量1500以上的聚丁烯基的聚丁烯琥珀酸二酰亚胺的氮含量相对于(D)琥珀酸酰亚胺化合物总氮含量的百分率,按照下式计算。
双酰亚胺(N)含量(%)
=(b×双酰亚胺B添加量)×100/(a×单酰亚胺A添加量+b×双酰亚胺B添加量+c×单酰亚胺C添加量)
(a、b、c为各酰亚胺化合物中的氮含量(质量%),a=1.76,b=0.99,c=2.1)
[硫酸灰分]
按照JIS K2272进行测定。
[往复摩擦试验]
使用往复式摩擦磨损试验机评价本发明产品的摩擦特性。试验板使用硼铸铁,试验球使用进行了镀硬铬处理、氮化处理、氮化铬(PVD)处理以及DLC(含氢20%)处理中的任何一种处理后的SUJ-21/2英寸球。在试验温度100℃、载荷200g、振幅10mm、滑动速度1.0mm/sec下进行试验,将得到的摩擦系数作为省燃耗性的指标。
摩擦系数减小率是以摩擦调节剂无添加样品(比较例1)中的摩擦系数为基准,通过下式求出的。
摩擦系数减小率(%)=[比较例1的摩擦系数]-[实施例或者比较例的摩擦系数]/[比较例1的摩擦系数]×100
[氧化劣化试验]
向玻璃试管中添加试样120g、铜(25mm×10mm×0.5mm)、铁(25mm×30mm×0.5mm),在165.5℃下吹入空气(500ml/分钟)使其氧化劣化。216小时后测定40℃下的运动粘度,求出粘度增加比率。并测定试验油中的铜量。粘度增加越少表示氧化稳定性越优异。此外,铜的溶出量越少表示对铜的影响越小、金属材料的特性越优异。
[铅腐蚀试验]
在玻璃试管中浸渍试样40g、铅(10mm×10mm×1.0mm),在140℃下进行腐蚀试验。测定144小时后的铅量,考察对铅腐蚀的影响。铅的溶出量越少表示对铅的影响越小、金属材料的特性越优异。
另外,在氧化劣化试验和铅腐蚀试验中,铜、铅含量按照JPI-5S-38-92进行测定。
[表1]
[表2]
在镀铬处理试验球中,实施例给出了摩擦系数减小率为25%以上的较高值,表现出本发明的润滑油组合物的摩擦系数减小效果。实施例1及比较例2-5的结果表明,这种效果是(A)成分和(B)成分的协同效果。此外,经过氮化处理、氮化铬(PVD)处理以及DLC(含氢20%)处理的试验球也观察到相同的倾向。
此外,(A)成分和(B)成分的含量与摩擦系数减小效果的关系可从实施例1、2以及比较例6中给出。与实施例1、2相比,比较例6中没有得到与其添加量相应的效果。此外,在比较例6中,润滑油组合物的氧化劣化及铅腐蚀性显示出较高值,添加(A)成分和(B)成分有显著的不良影响。
此外,如实施例2及比较例7所示,通过添加(C)苯并三唑化合物,实现了进一步抑制其氧化劣化和铅腐蚀性。
如果比较实施例1-5和比较例8,则结果显示在铅腐蚀试验和氧化劣化试验中,比较例8的结果显著较差。认为这是由于酰亚胺化合物的差异所引起的,并且是根据(d1)含有数均分子量1500以上的聚丁基的聚丁基琥珀酸二酰亚胺化合物的含量(相对于(D)琥珀酸酰亚胺化合物总量)的规定、以及根据(d1)成分的氮含量(相对于(D)琥珀酸酰亚胺化合物的总氮含量)的规定而得到的效果。
如上所述,本发明是通过以下方式完成的:在利用(A)成分和(B)成分的协同效果所得到的优异减摩效果的同时,通过对(A)成分和(B)成分含量的数值限定、(C)特定的苯并三唑衍生物的添加以及(D)特定的琥珀酸酰亚胺化合物的添加,来抑制随着(A)成分和(B)成分的并用而带来的氧化劣化和铅腐蚀性等不良影响。
工业适用性
本发明的内燃机用润滑油组合物是低灰分、低磷、低硫,并可提高减摩效果、氧化稳定性及防蚀效果提高的顺应环境管制的润滑油组合物,其适用于汽油发动机、柴油机、或者以二甲基醚为燃料的发动机、燃气发动机等内燃机。
Claims (6)
1.润滑油组合物,其特征在于,含有:
润滑油基油;
(A)脂肪酸偏酯化合物;
(B)(b1)脂肪族胺化合物和/或(b2)酰胺化合物;
(C)通式(I)表示的苯并三唑衍生物,
[化1]
式(I)中,R1、R2分别独立地表示可以含有氧原子、硫原子或氮原子的碳原子数1-30的烃基;
(D)通式(II)或(III)表示的琥珀酸酰亚胺化合物,其总量中的70质量%以上为(d1)含有数均分子量1500以上的聚丁烯基的聚丁烯琥珀酸二酰亚胺化合物,
[化2]
式中,R3、R5和R6分别为数均分子量500-3,000的链烯基或烷基,R5和R6可以相同或不同,R4、R7和R8分别为碳原子数2-5的亚烷基,R7和R8可以相同或不同,r表示1-10的整数,s表示0或1-10的整数,
上述(A)成分和上述(B)成分的含量的合计量为0.5-1.5质量%、上述(C)成分的含量为0.01-0.1质量%、上述(D)成分的含量为0.5-15质量%。
2.权利要求1所述的润滑油组合物,其中,以组合物的总量为基准计,硫含量为0.3质量%以下。
3.权利要求1所述的润滑油组合物,其中,以组合物的总量为基准计,磷含量为0.12质量%以下。
4.权利要求1所述的润滑油组合物,其中,硫酸灰分为1质量%以下。
5.权利要求1所述的润滑油组合物,该组合物用于使用活塞环的发动机,其中所述活塞环的表面采用镀铬、气体氮化、氮化铬和类金刚石碳中的至少一种实施了处理。
6.权利要求1所述的润滑油组合物,该组合物用于气缸套由铸铁或硼铸铁制成的发动机。
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PCT/JP2007/068816 WO2008047550A1 (fr) | 2006-10-17 | 2007-09-27 | Composition d'huile lubrifiante |
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KR101405782B1 (ko) | 2014-06-10 |
EP2077317A1 (en) | 2009-07-08 |
EP2077317B1 (en) | 2013-08-14 |
JPWO2008047550A1 (ja) | 2010-02-25 |
IN2009CN02056A (zh) | 2015-08-07 |
US8071515B2 (en) | 2011-12-06 |
RU2009118448A (ru) | 2010-11-27 |
EP2077317A4 (en) | 2010-12-22 |
CN101522873A (zh) | 2009-09-02 |
JP5167140B2 (ja) | 2013-03-21 |
KR20090066284A (ko) | 2009-06-23 |
US20100009876A1 (en) | 2010-01-14 |
RU2445350C2 (ru) | 2012-03-20 |
WO2008047550A1 (fr) | 2008-04-24 |
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