CN1081706A - 改进抗腐蚀性的润滑剂 - Google Patents

改进抗腐蚀性的润滑剂 Download PDF

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CN1081706A
CN1081706A CN93108075A CN93108075A CN1081706A CN 1081706 A CN1081706 A CN 1081706A CN 93108075 A CN93108075 A CN 93108075A CN 93108075 A CN93108075 A CN 93108075A CN 1081706 A CN1081706 A CN 1081706A
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composition
component
alkyl
weight
benzotriazole
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T·B·帕维朗
J·L·拉特
B·R·多何纳
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Lubrizol Corp
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Lubrizol Corp
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Application filed by Lubrizol Corp filed Critical Lubrizol Corp
Publication of CN1081706A publication Critical patent/CN1081706A/zh
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Abstract

一种含有(a)取代芳族三唑和(b)烃基取代的琥 珀酸酰化多胺分散剂的添加剂组合物与硼化合物反 应,使含多效烯烃共聚物粘度指数改进剂的润滑油的 抗腐蚀性提高。

Description

本发明涉及一种改进操作性能的润滑剂组合物。
改进润滑剂组合物如发动机油的物理和化学性能已成为许多研究的对象。例如多年来为使润滑油在高和低的操作温度下都有适用的粘度,使用了各种粘度指数(Ⅵ)改进剂。它们通常是各种聚合物。新的改进的Ⅵ改进剂正在不断推出。为了防止所润滑部件的损伤,特别是受到燃烧生成的腐蚀性副产物的作用,在润滑剂中还需要有缓蚀剂,在许多情况下,这些添加剂与其它润滑剂添加剂以不可预测的方式相互作用。例如,当某些Ⅵ改进剂,特别是含氮分散剂的Ⅵ改进剂与常规缓蚀剂组合物一起使用时,可能会使腐蚀性增加。但是现在已找到了一种缓蚀剂配方,当使用这些所选的粘度指数改进剂时,它可改善其腐蚀性。
美国专利3,087,936(Le  Suer,4月30日,1963)公开了将一种脂肪族烯烃聚合物-生成琥珀酸的化合物与一种胺反应,将得到的产物与一种硼化合物反应生成的反应产物。该组合物可用作润滑剂添加剂。
美国专利4,522,785(D  Errico,Junell,1985)公开了二烷基氨基甲基芳族三唑可作为缓蚀剂。
美国专利5,049,293(Blain等,September17,1991)公开了一种润滑剂或燃料组合物添加剂,它是由聚链烯基取代的琥珀酰亚胺、醛和三唑的硼化的反应产物组成。取代的琥珀酰亚胺、醛和三唑在100-200℃、常压下进行反应。随后与例如硼酸反应进行硼化处理。
美国专利4,948,542(Kapuscincki等人,August14,1990)公开了一种润滑油组合物的分散抗氧Ⅵ改进剂。该添加剂由一种乙烯和至少一种C3-C10α-单烯烃制得的聚合物与一种亚硝基二苯胺化合物反应来制备。
本发明提出一种润滑剂组合物,它含有大量有润滑粘度的油品、少量多效烯烃共聚物粘度指数改进剂和少量添加剂组合物,该组合物含有(a)一种芳族三唑和(b)一种烃基取代的酰化剂、一种多胺与硼化合物的反应产物。
有润滑粘度的油品。本发明首要的组分是一种有润滑粘度的油品,包括天然和合成润滑油及它们的混合物。天然润滑油包括动物油、植的油、烷属、环烷属及混合型矿物润滑油、经溶剂或酸处理的矿物油以及从煤或页岩得到的油品。合成润滑油包括烃油、卤代烃油、烯化氧聚合物(包括由环氧乙烷或环氧丙烷聚合制得的聚合物)、各种醇(包括多元醇)与二元羧酸的酯、多元醇与单羧酸的酯、含磷酸的酯、四氢呋喃聚合物以及硅油(包括硅氧烷油和硅酸酯油)。这些油可以是未精制的、精制的和再精制的。在美国专利4,326,972中介绍了这些有润滑的油品的具体实例。
在本发明中,润滑油在组合物中一般占大部分。例如它一般至少是组合物的50%(重量),优选的是占约83%到约98%;最优选的是占约88%到约90%。但是,作为另一供选择的实施方案,本发明可提供一种添加剂浓缩液,其中油的重量占0到20%(重量),较好的是1到10%(重量)左右,而相应增加了其它组分,这些组分在下面将详细介绍。
粘度指数改进剂。本发明的第二种组分是一种多效烯烃共聚物粘度指数改进剂,它的含量较小。该物质在最终的润滑剂组合物中的常规含量为约0.1%到约15%(重量),较好的是约0.5%到约10%(重量),最好是约1%到约5%(重量)。为便于运输,该物质象本发明的所有物质一样可以用含一定比例稀释油或其它惰性物质的形式提供。如果是这样,物质的总量应适当调整以提供所需量的活性组分。
多效烯烃共聚物粘度指数改进剂是一种聚合物或多种聚合物的混合物,可以起几种作用。它们首先起粘度指数(“Ⅵ”)改进剂的作用。这就是大家熟悉的控制润滑剂的粘度随温度而变化的量和速度的作用。这些物质在低温时有较小的增稠作用,而高温时则有显著的增稠作用。这种性能可以扩大润滑剂使用的温度范围。
特别适用于本发明的Ⅵ改进剂还可进一步含有给润滑剂组合物提供分散剂和抗氧剂功能的一些官能团。分散剂功能可防止油或润滑剂中的微粒杂质聚集成大颗粒而沉淀为淤泥或漆膜。抗氧剂功能在于防止大气中的氧气与润滑剂相互作用,特别是在高温和搅拌条件下。这样的功能可延缓由于氧化润滑剂增稠以及酸度增加。尽管也可以分别使用分散添加剂和抗氧添加剂。但是通常还是希望在Ⅵ改进剂结构中存在一种或多种起这些功能的共聚单体。
本发明特别感兴趣的Ⅵ改进剂是接枝改性的含胺烯烃共聚物。该烯烃共聚物较好的是乙烯与α烯烃(如丁烯、戊烯、己烯等直到C12α-烯烃,最好是丙烯)的共聚物。在聚合链中,乙烯共聚物的量较好是约35%到约90%(摩尔),最好是约40%到约80%(摩尔),聚合物的粘均分子量较好的是约5000到约500,000,最好是约150,000到约300,000。
烯烃共聚物通过接枝反应引入胺官能度进行改性。接枝反应可用熟知的自由基接枝反应,例如其中自由基源如过氧化二枯基可从聚合链中抽出一个氢原子,然后留下一个自由基。链上的自由基可以与接枝共聚单体的乙烯属不饱和点相互反应,使得共聚单体加到链上。另外,一种接枝可通过“烯”的反应来进行。在该方法中不饱和的共聚单体通过环反应与一个聚合物链上的不饱和部分进行反应,使单体接枝。共聚物链上的不饱和部分可以是最初的聚合反应中的副产物,或者可以通过与二烯如1,3-丁二烯或降冰片二烯的共聚反应引入。若需要也可有其它的单体存在;如果需要,聚合物也可用部分氧化反应或其它方法来处理,以增加活性点数目。
还可以采用其它的接枝方法,例如离子型接枝反应或借助于接枝共聚单体本身含有的另外活性点进行反应。该活性点最后与第二单体进行反应,该单体可为Ⅵ改进剂提供实际所需的抗氧剂和分散剂官能度。
适于接枝的单体的实例包括一些活性单体,如氨基丙烯、马来酸酐或其它乙烯属不饱和酰化单体、对氯甲基苯乙烯、异氰酸乙酯、甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯或甲基丙烯酸异腈酸乙酯。这些单体自身聚合和结合生成官能化合物,如烷基任意取代的甲硫代苯胺、4-氨基二苯胺、N-芳基-对苯二胺(如N-苯基-对苯二胺)、氨基咔唑、氨基吲哚、氨基吲唑啉酮、氨巯基三唑、氨基四唑、氨基噻唑、氨基苯并噻唑、氨烷基噻唑、氨基吡咯、氨基嘧啶或它们的同系物。这类聚合物另外的实例在美国专利5,075,383和4,863,623及欧洲专利公告461774公开。也可按欧洲专利公告470698所公开的方法,用氧化聚合物与醛源和芳族多胺进行连接反应;也可按美国专利4,904,404公开的方法,用含环氧基的接枝单体与由醛、多胺及酚形成的Mannich碱进行连接反应。另外一些官能单体可直接接枝到聚合链上,包括烷基甲基、丙烯酰胺、乙烯基吡啶、亚硝基苯胺、吩噻嗪、N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮、1-乙烯基-2-吡咯烷酮、5-甲基-6-乙烯基-1,2,4-噻嗪、4-甲基-5-乙烯基噻唑,这类化合物的烷基取代物及它们的同系物。在美国专利4,948,524中公开了优选的这类聚合物。
Texaco化学公司提供了一种这样的聚合物粘度指数改进剂,其商品名为TLA7700TM。这种添加剂含有用含氨基的共聚单体的乙烯-丙烯共聚物或提供抗氧剂和分散剂性质的官能度作为活性组分。(所提供的添加剂还含有稀释油,不予计算。可以认为通过接枝共聚物单体亚硝基二苯胺提供了胺官能度。但是就象许多润滑剂添加剂的情况一样,这种和其它的有关添加剂在某些试验条件下会出现一些有害性质,必须以一种或另一种方法来弥补。通过“L-38”试验检测,业已发现当这种多效的胺接枝的烯烃共聚物粘度指数改进剂加到润滑油中作为汽车发动机的润滑剂,并与常规添加剂配方一起使用时,润滑剂对铜-铅轴承的腐蚀会增加到不能接受的程度。“L-38”试验是一种用来检测发动机曲轴箱润滑油的氧化稳定性和轴承腐蚀性的试验方法。该试验是将单缸火花喷油式发动机运转40小时后,测定铜-铅连杆轴承的重量损失。该试验方法在“润滑剂添加剂”(“Lubricant Additives”,C.V.Smalheer and R.Keunedy Smith(Lesius-Hiles Company Publishers,Cleveland,Ohio,1967)中的第51上有详细的介绍。在美国联邦试验方法标准No.791a中进一步作出规定。因此,当采用上述粘度指数改进剂时,虽然还不知道腐蚀性增加的原因,但可以认为是由于在聚合物链上取代基的化学性质,或是由于制备接枝共聚物过程中特殊添加剂或产生的残留化学物质引起的。本发明提出一种添加剂组合物,它可以降低含有这些多效Ⅵ改进剂的润滑油的腐蚀性,以致严格配制的润滑组合物可以通过工业试验如“L-38”试验。
三唑(a)。本发明的添加剂组合物的第一组分是(a)一种芳族三唑。已知有各种芳族三唑,其中许多连同它们的制备方法都在“苯并三唑:一种新型合成助剂”(“Benzotriazole:A  Novel  Synthetic  Auxiliary”Katritsky,Rachwal  and  Hitchings,四面体,Vol47  No.16/17,PP2683-2732,1991(Pergamon  Press  PLc))一文中有详细介绍。
三唑最好是一种取代的苯并三唑,其目的在于使该物质在润滑油中的溶解性足以使组合物易于制备、贮存和使用。因此最好是含有烃基取代基的三唑。取代的位置不限。在一个实施方案中是在苯环上取代。在这种情况中,可以有1到4个烃基取代基,但最常用的是一个烃基取代基。烃基取代基最好是烷基、芳基或芳烷基取代基,最常用的是烷基。烷基包括从甲基直到长链烷基如烷基低聚物或聚合物,包括乙基、丙基、丁基、戊基、己基和庚基(可以是直链或支链的),以及长碳链烷基如C12到C24烷基,包括C18烷基,它们可以是饱和的或不饱和的。适用的芳族三唑的实例为苯并三唑烷基取代苯并三唑如甲苯基三唑、乙基苯并三唑、己基苯并三唑、辛基苯并三唑等)、芳基取代苯并三唑(如苯酚苯并三唑等)以及烷芳基或芳烷基取代的苯并三唑,也可以是取代基为羟基、烷氧基、卤原子(特别是氯)、硝基、羧基和羧基烷氧基的取代苯并三唑。优先考虑的三唑是苯并三唑或烷基苯并三唑,其中的烷基含有1到20个碳原子,较好的是1到8个碳原子。最优先考虑的是苯并三唑和甲苯基三唑。
在另外一个实施方案中,在三唑基的至少一个氮原子上有取代,一类这样取代是生成一种盐,最好是苯并三唑阴离子和季铵阳离子的盐。为使这种盐有较好的烃溶解性,优选考虑的季胺阳离子是由一种含至少一个上述烃基,最好是至少一个不少于6个碳原子的烷基的胺得到的。二(2-乙基己基)胺是适于形成这种阳离子的胺。
另外,三唑中一个氮原子上的取代反应也可通过将苯并三唑与醛和伯或仲胺或醇进行反应的方法来进行。在上述Katritz-ty参考文献中公开了许多这样的取代三唑的实例。
在制备组分(a)的这一实施方案中,所用的醛可以是含有1到约12个或更多碳原子的烷基、芳基、烷芳基或芳烷基的醛。包括苯甲醛、水扬醛及2-乙基己醛。如果希望醛部分本身对三唑提供烃溶性,那么应该选择碳原子数适当大些的醛,如至少有4个或最好是至少有6个碳原子的醛。但是伯或仲胺或醇反应物也可使分子得到大部分的烃溶性。在这种情况下,适用低分子量醛,最好是甲醛和仲甲醛。
在组分(a)制备的实施方案中,所用的胺可以是一咱或多种单胺或多胺。这些单胺或多胺可以是伯胺,最好是仲胺。(如所需产物是季胺盐而不是共价键结构的话,据认为也可使用叔胺)。
单胺一般含有1到约24个碳原子,较好的是1到约12个碳原子,最好是1到约6个碳原子。用于本发明的单胺的实例包括甲胺、乙胺、丙胺、丁胺、辛胺和十二烷胺。仲胺的例子包括二甲胺、二乙胺、二丙胺、二丁胺、甲丁胺、乙己胺等。多胺可以是脂族,脂环族、杂环或芳族多胺。多胺的例子包括亚烷基多胺和杂环多胺。
亚烷基多胺用下式表示:
Figure 931080754_IMG2
式中n的平均值在约1到约10之间,最好是约2到约7;亚烷基有1到约10个碳原子,最好是约2到约6个碳原子。R4可独立地是氢原子或烃基,但最好是脂族或羟基取代的脂族基团,其碳子数可达到30。
这样的亚烷基多胺包括亚甲基多胺。亚乙基多胺、亚丁基多胺、亚丙基多胺、亚戊基多胺等。还包括更高的同系物和相应的杂环胺,如哌嗪和N-氨基烷基取代的哌嗪。这些多胺的具体实例是乙二胺、二亚乙基三胺(DETA)、三亚乙基四胺(TETA)、三(2-氨基乙基)胺、丙二胺、三亚甲基二胺、三亚丙基四胺、;四亚乙基五胺(TEPA)、六亚乙基七胺、五亚乙基六胺等。
由两种或多种上述亚烷基胺缩合得到的更高同系物也是可用的,它们是两种或多种上述多胺的混合物。
可以采用如上所述的亚乙基多胺。在Kirk  Othmer所著“化学工艺百科全书”(“Ency  Clopedia  of  Chemical  Techology”。2d,Edition,Vol.7第22-37页,Interscience  Publishers,New  York(1965))中“亚乙基胺”条目对这种多胺有详细的介绍。这种多胺的制备非常容易,可通过二氯乙烷与氨水反应,或通过哌嗪与开环试剂如水、氨等进行反应来制备。这些反应可生成聚亚烷基多胺的复杂混合物,包括环缩合产物如哌嗪。亚乙基多胺混合物也可使用。
胺也可以是杂环多胺。这些杂环多胺是氮杂环丙烷、氮杂环丁烷、哟咯烷、四和二氢吡啶、吡咯、吲哚、哌啶、咪唑、二和四氢咪唑、哌嗪、异吲哚、嘌呤、吗啉、硫代吗啉、N-氨基烷基吗啉、N-氨基烷基硫代吗啉、N-氨基烷基哌嗪、N,N′-二氨基烷基哌嗪、氮杂
Figure 931080754_IMG3
、吖辛因、偶氮宁、吖癸因和上述每种化合物的四、二和全氢衍生物以及两种或多种这些杂环胺的混合物。较佳的杂环胺是在杂环上只有氮、氧和/或硫的饱和的五或六元杂环胺,特别是哌啶、哌嗪、硫代吗啉、吗啉、吡咯烷等。最好是哌啶、氨烷基取代的哌啶、哌嗪、氨烷基取代哌嗪、吗啉、氨烷基取代吗啉、吡咯烷和氨烷基取代吡咯烷。通常氨烷基取代基是在杂环的氮原子上取代。这些杂环胺的具体实例包括N-氨丙基吗啉、N-氨乙基哌嗪和N,N′-二氨乙基哌嗪。
所用的另外一类多胺混合物是上述多胺混合物汽提后留下的残留物(通常称为“多胺残渣”)得到的混合的。通常,亚烷基多胺残渣只含有少于2%,一般是少于1%(重量)沸点在约200℃下的物质。由道(DOW)化学公司(Freeport,Taxas)得到的称为“E-100”的这种亚乙基多胺残渣的典型样品,其在15.6℃下比重为1.0168,含氮量为33.15%(重量),40℃时的粘度为121厘沲。气相色谱分析表明,该样品含有约0.93%“轻馏分”(很可能是DETA)、0.72%TETA、21.74%四亚乙基五胺和76.61%五亚乙基六胺及更高的胺(以上均为重量百分率)。这些亚烷基多胺残渣包括环状缩合产物如哌嗪以及二亚乙基三胺、三亚乙基四胺等的高级同系物。
另外一种有用的多胺是至少一种羟基化合物与一种含至少一个伯或仲氨基的多胺之间的缩合反应产物。羟基化合物最好是含2到约10个羟基,优选的是2到约6个羟基,最好是2到约4个羟基,且脂族的碳原子数可达40个,较好的是2到约30个,最好是2到约10个碳原子的多元醇。多元醇包括乙二醇、丙二醇、丙三醇、丁二醇、己二醇、山梨醇、阿糖醇、甘露糖醇、蔗糖、果糖、葡糖、环己二醇、赤藓醇以及季戊四醇。较佳的羟基化合物是多羟胺,包括任何上述单胺与环氧烷的反应产物。多羟胺的例子包括三(羟丙基)胺、三(羟甲基)氨基甲烷、2-氨基-2-甲基-1,3-丙二醇、N,N,N′N′-四(2-羟丙基)乙二胺以及N,N,N′N′-四(2-羟乙基)乙二胺,最好是三(羟甲基)氨基甲烷(THAM)。
适用的多胺反应物包括三亚乙基四胺(TETA)、四亚乙基五胺(TEPA)、五亚乙基六胺以及多胺的混合物,如上述的“胺残渣”。
同样,用醇可代替胺与三唑和醛生成反应产物。适用的醇包括直链或支链醇,可包括烷基碳链以及含芳环或杂原子(如氧或氮)的碳链。较佳的醇是含有从3(最好是约4到约24个碳原子的醇,包括丙醇、丁醇、戊醇、己醇(如4-甲基-2-戊醇)、辛醇(如2-乙基己醇)以及癸醇。最好是6个或更多碳原子的醇,因为这些物质可使取代三唑有很好的油溶性。伯醇的活性最高,因而最适宜用来制备该种产物。相比之下仲和叔醇被认为是相对无活性的。
较好的组分(a)物质可用下式表示:
Figure 931080754_IMG4
式中R1是烃基,n是0到4,条件是若n大于1,不是所有烃基都必须相同。最好是n=1且R1是甲基,因此这样的三唑是甲苯基三唑。
在上式中,R2和R3是氢或烷基,只要R2和R3不同时为氢。即NR2R3基表示伯或仲胺残基,但不是氨。在一个较好的实施方案中,R2和R3都是2-乙基己基,即胺是二(2-乙基己基)胺。
在上式中,R4是氢原子或1到6个碳原子的烷基。CHR4基团相当于一个醛的残基,这个醛基可在如下所述的缩合过程用以制备该优选的物质。醛最好是甲醛或它的一个等价物。在这种情况下,CH4R4基是CH2
可以用下述方法制备上面组分(a)所述的加合物:将三唑和胺在适当的惰性溶剂中混合,根据需要也可是水,然后将混合物在冰浴中冷却。将醛的水溶液滴加到冷却的混合物中。通常较好的是使用略大于理论计算量(一般过量10到20%)的醛和胺。该反应在热力马上非常有利,特别是当醛为甲醛或仲甲醛时,反应可在室温或更低的温度下进行。但是,为了除去反应生成的水,加热到100℃或更高温度可能是希望的。
硼化的分散剂(b)。本发明的组分(b)是烃基取代的酰化剂、多胺和硼化物的反应产物。
烃基取代的酰化剂包括琥珀酸酰化剂)特别是琥珀酸、琥珀酰卤、琥珀酸酯和琥珀酸酐,较好的是酸、酯或酐,最好是酐。烃基通常含有的碳原子数平均值为至少8到约350,较好的是约30到约200,最好是约35到约100。在一实施方案中,烃基是由聚烯烃得到的。
该聚烯烃的特点在于其 Mn(数均分子量)至少约为500。一般来说,聚烯烃的特点是 Mn约为500到约5000,较好的是约700到约2500,最好是约800到约2000,优先选用的是约900到约1500。在另外一实施方案中, Mn在约500、700或800直到约1200或1300之间变化。
聚烯烃包括2到约16个,或到约6个,或到约4个碳原子的可聚烯烃单体的均聚物和共聚物。烯烃可以是单烯烃如乙烯、丙烯、1-丁烯、异丁烯和1-辛烯,或是多烯烃单体,包括二烯烃单体如1,3-丁二烯和异戊二烯。在美国专利4,234,435中介绍了取代的琥珀酸酰化剂的制备和应用,其中的取代基是由这些聚烯烃得到的。
在另一实施方案中,琥珀酸酰化剂的制备方法是将上述的聚烯烃与过量的马来酸酐反应,得到取代的琥珀酸酰化剂,其中每当量取代基中琥珀酰基团数为至少1.3到约1.5,或到约1.7,或到约1.8。最大通常不超过4.5,或到约2.5,或到约2.1,或到约2.0。
在另一实施方案中,烃基所含的碳原子数的平均值从约8,或约10,或约12直到约40,或到约30,或到约24,或到约20。在一实施方案中,烃基所含碳原子数的平均值从约16到约18。在另一实施方案中,烃基所含单体单元的平均值3到4,其中的单体为异丁烯或异丙烯。在一个这样的实施方案中,烃基是一个四聚丙烯基。
琥珀酸酰化剂的制备方法是:将上述烯烃、异构化烯烃或它们的低聚物与不饱和的羧酸酰化剂如衣康酸、甲基顺丁烯二酸、马来酸酰化剂在约160℃、或约185℃直至约240℃、或到约210℃下进行反应。马来酸酰化剂是较好的不饱和酰化剂。酰化剂的制备可用那些本行业熟知的方法,例如已在美国专利3,412,111中介绍的方法,以及Ben等人所著“马来酸酐与烯烃的烯反应”(“The  Ene  Reaction  of  Maleic  Anhydride  With  Alkenes”J.C.S.Perkin  Ⅱ(1977)第535-537页中所介绍的方法。
与琥珀酸酰化剂反应的胺可以是任何上述提及的胺,较好的是多胺。多胺可以是脂族的、脂环族的、杂环或芳族多胺。多胺的例子包括亚烷基多胺、含羟基多胺、芳基多胺以及杂环多胺。
亚烷基多胺用下式表示:
Figure 931080754_IMG5
式中n是平均值为1到约10,较好的为约2到约7,或到约5。“亚烷基”含1到约10个碳原子,最好是约2到约6个、或到约4个碳原子。每个R可独立地是氢或碳原子数到30左右的脂族或羟基取代的脂族基团。这样的亚烷基多胺包括亚甲基多胺、亚乙基多胺、亚丁基多胺、亚丙基多胺、亚戊基多胺等。最好是亚乙基多胺,也称为聚乙烯胺。这些多胺的制备非常方便,可将二氯乙烷与氨进行反应,或用哌嗪与开环试剂如水、氨等进行反应。
烃基取代的琥垢珀酸酰化剂与胺的反应产物和制备该化合物的方法例如在美国专利4,234,435;4,952,328;4,938,881;4,957,649和4,904,401中有介绍。本发明的烃基取代的酰化剂与作为三唑一部分引入的胺进行反应是可能的。这个反应所生成的产物,其组分(a)和(b)的分子通过一个共用胺以共价键连接,美国专利5,049,293中公开了这种物质。但是在本发明中,优先考虑组分(a)和(b)是单独的分子。
烃基取代的琥珀酸酰化剂与胺的反应产物可进一步用硼化合物处理。适用的硼化合物包括氧化硼、氧化硼水合物、硼酸如有机硼酸(例如烷基-B(OH)、或芳基-B(OH)2)、原硼酸(即H3BO3)、四硼酸(H2B4O7)、偏硼酸(HBO2)以及这些硼酸的酯。有机硼酸的具体实例包括甲基硼酸、苯基硼酸、环己基硼酸、对戊基苯基硼酸和十二烷基硼酸。
硼酸酯主要包括硼酸与醇或酚生成的单、二和三有机酯。所用的醇或酚例如是甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、环己醇、环戊醇、1-辛醇、2-辛醇、十二烷醇、山萮醇、油醇、十八烷醇、苯甲醇、2-丁基环己醇、乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、1,3-丙二醇、1,3-丁二醇、2,4-己二醇、1,2-环己二醇、1,3-辛二醇、丙三醇、季戊四醇、1,4-丁二醇、卡必醇、CellosolveTM、1,6-己二醇、1,9-壬二醇、苯酚、萘酚、对丁基苯酚、邻、对-二庚基苯酚、正环己基苯酚、2,2-二(对羟苯基)丙烷、聚异丁烯(分子量为1500)取代的苯酚、2-氯乙醇、邻氯苯酚、间硝基苯酚、6-溴辛醇和7-酮癸醇。对于本发明来说,低碳醇、1,2-二醇和1,3-二醇,即碳原子数少于8的醇特别适用于制备硼酸酯。硼化合物最好是原硼酸。
酰化氮组合物与硼化合物很容易进行反应,可将这些反应物在希望的温度下混合。惰性溶剂的使用是任选的,但一般来说需要使用,特别是当反应混合物中存在粘度较高的或固体反应物的。惰性溶剂可以是烃如苯、甲苯、石脑油、环己烷、正己烷或是矿物油。反应温度可在较大的范围内变化。通常较佳的是在约50℃到约250℃之间变化。在某些情况下温度可以是25℃或更低。温度的上限是具体使用的反应混合物的分解温度。
反应通常在较短的时间内完成,如0.6到6小时。在反应完成后,产物可溶解在溶剂中,得到的溶液若看起来有混浊或含有不溶物,可以用离心分离或过滤的方法提纯。产物通常是很纯的,不需要进一步提纯,或可任意选择是否提纯。
用于制备硼化物的各反应物之间的相对比例主要根据产物在本发明中的用途来定。关于这一点,由下述反应混合物得到有用的产物。在该反应混合物中各反应物的相对比例是这样的,以便得到每摩尔所用的酰化的含氮组合物有约0.1个硼原子到所述的所使用的酰化的含氮组合物的每一个氮原子有约10个硼原子。各反应物优选的量是每摩尔酰化的含氮组合物有约0.5个硼原子到所用的每一个氮原子有约2个硼原子。举例来说,与1mol任何每分子有5个氮原子的酰化的含氮组合物一起使用的每分子有1个硼原子的硼化合物的用量大约在0.1到50mol之间,最好是从约0.5到约10摩尔。优选的是,(b)中的各组分的相对量为约3-5摩尔羰基、约2-8摩尔氨基和约2-8mol原硼酸,最优选的是,相对量为约3~5摩尔羰基、约2-4摩尔氨基和约2-4摩尔原硼酸,在美国专利3,089,936中对这些络合物的制备方法有详细的介绍。
在组合物中,添加剂组合(a)和(b)的加入总量是约0.5到约10%(重量)。组分(a)和(b)的相对量是重量较佳的是在约1∶3到约1∶120范围内,最好是约1∶12到约1∶30范围内。在润滑剂组合物中组分(a)的量通常是约0.001到约1%(重量),较好的约为约0.01到约0.2%(重量),最好是约0.03%到约0.07%(重量)。在润滑剂组合物中组分(b)的用量通常约为约0.1到约5%(重量),较好的是约0.3到约3%(重量),最好是约0.6到1.5%(重量)。最终组合物中所用的Ⅵ改进剂的量是约0.1到15%(重量),优选的是约0.5到约10%(重量),最优选的是1到5%(重量)。粘度指数改进剂与组分(a)加(b)的相对量最好为约1∶2到约25∶1。
本文中所谓的“烃基取代基”或“烃基”指的是一种有一个碳原子直接与分子的其余部分相连并主要有烃特性的基团。这些基团包括烃基、取代烃基和杂原子基团,即该基团在主要由碳原子组成的链或环中含有不是碳的其它原子,但它仍有主要的烃特性。
任选组分。除了上述组分外,本发明的组合物中一般也含有在润滑剂组合物中常用的一些添加剂。具体选择哪些添加剂将取决于实际用途,但可以包括一种或多种碱金属或碱土金属与酸性有机物(羧酸、磺酸、膦酸、苯酚等)形成的盐。这些盐通常被认为是高碱性物质。高碱性物质一般是单相、均相的中顿体系,其特点在于金属的含量要高于用于中和的量,这个中和量是根据金属和与金属反应的具体酸性有机物经化学计算得出的。高碱性物质的制备可用一个酸性化合物(一般是无机酸或低级羧酸,最好是二氧化碳)与一个混合物进行反应,其中的混合物是由酸性有机物、至少一种对上述酸性有机物是惰性的有机溶剂(矿物油、石脑油、甲苯、二甲苯等)、一种大于化学计算量的金属碱和一种促进剂(如苯酚或醇)所组成。酸性有机物一般含足够多的碳原子数使其在油中有一定的溶解性。金属的过量一般用金属比来表示。所谓的“金属比”指的是金属的总当量与酸性有机物的当量之比。中性的金属盐其金属比为1。盐含有的金属是正常盐的4.5倍时,其金属过量3.5当量,即金属比为4.5。
从事本专业的人员都熟知这些高碱性化合物。介绍磺酸、羧酸的碱性盐及任何两种或多种盐的混合物的制备工艺的专利包括美国专利2,501,731;2,616,905;2,616,911;2,616,925;2,777,874;3,256,186;3,384,585;3,365,396;3,320,162;3,318,809;3,488,284以及3,629,109。
该组合物还可以包括辅助的含硫、磷以及含硫和含磷的抗磨剂。所谓的抗磨剂是指可赋予润滑剂组合物和功能液体以抗磨性的物质。抗磨剂可用来控制磨损,也起到极压和抗氧作用。这些抗磨剂包括硫化的有机化合物、磷酸烃基酯、含磷酰胺、含磷羧酸酯、含磷醚以及含二硫代氨基甲酸酯的化合物。磷酸烃基酯的实例包括硫代磷酸烃基酯。硫代磷酸酯可以含1到约3个硫原子,较好的是1到2个硫原子。硫代磷酸酯的制备方法可以是将一种或多种亚磷酸酯与硫化剂包括硫、卤化硫及含硫化合物进行反应。硫代磷酸酯的盐包括二硫代磷酸酯锌。
也可用其它一些抗氧剂,预腐蚀剂和极压抗磨剂,包括氯化脂族烃以及钼化合物。
也可含有降凝剂,它们在本文所介绍的润滑油中通常作为一种特别有用的添加剂。例如参见“润滑剂添加剂”(“Lubricant  Additives”,C.V.Smalheer和R.Kennedy  Smith,(Lesius  Company  Publishers,Cleveland,Ohio,(1967))一书第8页。
也可使用抗泡剂以减少或避免生成稳定的泡沫。它包括硅氧烷或有机聚合物。在Henry  T.Kerher所著“泡沫控制剂”(“Foam  Control  Agents”)(Noyes  Data  Corporation,1976)中第125-162页介绍了这些及其它一些抗泡剂组合物的实例。
可含有的这些及其它一些添加剂在美国专利4,582,618中(从14列52行到17列16行)有更加详细的介绍。
实施例
将各组分按所示比例混合可为以下实施例作准备。这些实施例中均含有上文提及的(a)和(b)添加剂混合物,每个实施例都比不含有两种组分的类似组合物有更强的抗腐蚀性。一些全配方组合物(它们含有许多种其它添加剂)能够通过所需的抗腐蚀工业试验。
各组合物的制备方法是将各组分混合:
(以下各实施例中的百分比均为重量百分比)
实施例1:
-(ⅰ)约94%的基础润滑油;
-(ⅱ)5%(按活性组分并扣除稀释油计算)称为TexacoTMTLA7700的氨共聚单体接枝的乙烯/丙烯粘度指数改进剂。据认为该物质有由N-亚硝基二苯胺的接枝共聚单体提供的胺官能度,且分子量约为200,000;
-(a)0.05%甲苯基三唑与甲醛和二(2-乙基己基)胺按1∶1∶1摩尔比缩合的产物(其商品名为ReometTM39);
-(b)1%聚异丁烯取代的琥珀酸酐与聚乙烯胺反应后的硼酸化产物,CO∶N∶B的摩尔比为4∶3∶3。
实施例2:
-(ⅰ)约97.4%基础润滑油;
-(ⅱ)2.5%氨共聚单体接枝的乙烯/丙烯/己二烯粘度指数改进剂,其中含有由乙烯基吡啶的接枝共聚单体提供的胺官能度;
-(a)0.001%苯并三唑与乙醛和单乙基己基胺按1∶1∶1的摩尔比缩合的产物;
-(b)0.1%聚丙烯取代的琥珀酸酐与胺残渣反应后的硼酸化产物,其中CO∶N∶B摩尔比为3∶8∶2,硼酸化产物通过琥珀酰化合物与硼酸反应制得。
实施例3:
-(ⅰ)约98%调合基础润滑油(主要是TexacoTMSNO-100和150);
-(ⅱ)0.5%胺共聚单体接枝的乙烯/丙烯粘度指数改进剂,其中的胺官能度由吩噻嗪的接枝共聚单体提供的;
-(a)0.05%甲苯基三唑阴离子和二乙基己基胺的季铵盐的盐;
-(b)1%丙烯四聚体取代的琥珀酸酐与亚乙基胺单元平均数为8的聚乙烯胺反应后的硼酸化产物,其中CO∶N∶B摩尔比为5∶2∶8,可通过将琥珀酸衍生物与硼酸异丙酯进行反应来制备该产物。
实施例4:实施例1的组合物,不同点是粘度指数改进剂(ⅱ)改换成等量的1-乙烯基-2-吡咯烷酮接枝的乙烯-丁二烯共聚物。
实施例5:实施例1的组合物,不同点是粘度指数改进剂(ⅱ)改为等量的甲基甲基丙烯酰胺接枝的乙烯-丙烯-降冰片二烯共聚物(摩尔比70∶29∶1)。
实施例6:实施例1的组合物,再加上
-(c)2%硫偶合的烷基苯酚的钙盐,是由4当量丙烯四聚体取代的苯酚和3当量的硫或SCl2制备的(用S可制备约1份,用SCl2可制备约2份),含有约50%活性成分和约50%惰性稀释油;
-(d)3.1%支链单烷基磺酸的高碱钙盐,分子量约为500,金属比为11,约有50%的活性组分和约50%的稀释油;
-(e)2%的聚异丁烯琥珀酰胺,是由聚丁烯(1mol)和琥珀酸酐(1.8mol)与胺残渣进行反应得到的,分子量为2500,CO∶N的摩尔比为1∶1;调节润滑油的量使组合物总量为100%。
实施例7:实施例6中的组合物,不同点是所用的基础油为实施例3中的润滑油,高碱性组合物(d)是由下列化合物组成:约53%分子量为500、金属比为2.8的支链单烷基取代的苯磺酸镁,19%分子量为500、金属比为1.2的支链单烷基磺酸钙高碱盐,约15%的金属比为11的上述支链磺酸镁高碱盐;约5%金属比为11的上述支链磺酸钙高碱盐以及约8%分子量约385、金属比为20的直链和支链二烷基磺酸钠高碱盐,还可包括:
-(f)1.8%用氧化锌中和的由异丙醇和4-甲基-2-戊醇得到的二硫代磷酸二酯。
实施例8:实施例6的组合物,不同点是高碱组合物(d)的活性组分是60%的链长约18个碳原子的烷基羧酸酯的高碱碳酸钠和40%的C9烷基酚盐的高碱碳酸镁的混合物。
实施例9:实施例7的组合物,不同点是:
组分(ⅱ)的用量为10%,该组分是由含近50%活性成分和约50%稀释油的混合物提供的,得到浓度约5%的活性组分;
组分(b)的用量为1.7%,且该组分由62%活性组分与38%的稀释油提供的;
组分(c)的用量为3.1%;
组分(d)的用量为3.9%;
组分(e)的用量为4%聚异丁烯琥珀酰胺,由分子量为2000的聚异丁烯(1mol)和琥珀酸酐(2mol)与聚乙烯胺反应得到的,CO∶N的摩尔比为6∶5,45%活性组分,55%稀释油;
组分(f)的用量为1.2%;
并且还可含有下列组分:
-(g)0.3%混合单和二烷基化(C9)联苯胺(含16%的稀释油);
-(h)0.2%硫化的羧酸环己烯丁基酯,烯烃与硫的摩尔比约为1∶1(含5%稀释油);
-(i)0.15%油酰胺C17H33CONH2;以及
-(j)每种少于0.1%的其它添加剂,包括硅氧烷抗泡剂和降凝剂。
实施例10:实施例9的组合物,不同处是组分(ⅱ)为用马酸酐接枝的乙烯和丙烯的共聚物,接枝的酐共聚单体进一步与6-氨基二苯胺反应(酐与二苯胺的摩尔比为1∶1)。
实施例11:实施例9的组合物,不同处是高碱组分(d)为3%实施例7中的组分d(不饱直链和支链的二烷基磺酸盐的高碱钠盐)以及0.8%的实施例8中的组分(d)。
实施例12:实施例1的组合物,不同处是组分(a)为甲苯基三唑,其含量为约0.1%。
实施例13:实施例6的组合物,不同处是组分(a)为甲苯基三唑胺盐,其结构为:
Figure 931080754_IMG6
式中R=油基。
实施例14:实施例9的组合物,不同处是组分(a)为甲苯基三唑与甲醛和十三烷醇按1∶1∶1摩尔比的缩合产物,其分子式为:
上述的每种资料在此作为参考并入本发明。本文所用的“基本上由…组成”指可含有少量实际上不影响研究的组合物的基本和新颖的特性的物质。

Claims (33)

1、一种由下述物质组成的润滑剂组合物:大量有润滑粘度的油品、少量多效烯烃共聚物粘度指数改进剂和少量添加剂组合物,添加剂组合物的组成为:
(a)一种芳族三唑和
(b)一种烃基取代的酰化剂、一种多胺和一种硼化合物的反应产物。
2、按照权利要求1的组合物,其中烯烃共聚物为用可提供分散性和抗氧性的单体接枝的乙烯和丙烯的共聚物。
3、按照权利要求1的组合物,其中共聚单体为亚硝基二芳胺。
4、按照权利要求1的组合物,其中芳族三唑为一种取代的苯并三唑。
5、按照权利要求4的组合物,其中苯并三唑在苯环上被烃基取代基取代。
6、按照权利要求4的组合物,其中苯并三唑在一个氮原子上被取代。
7、按照权利要求6的组合物,其中苯并三唑是一种苯并三唑阴离子和由一种至少含6个碳原子的烷基胺衍生得到的季铵阳离子的盐。
8、按照权利要求6的组合物,其中苯并三唑在一个氮原子上的取代是通过将苯并三唑与一种醛和一种伯或仲胺或一种醇反应来进行的。
9、按照权利要求8的组合物,其中苯并三唑与一种醛和一种伯或仲胺反应。
10、按照权利要求1的组合物,其中(a)中的三唑是:
Figure 931080754_IMG1
式中R1为一个烃基,
n为0到4,假若n大于1,并不是所有这种烃基的结构都需要相同;
R2和R3为氢或烷基,但R2和R3不能都是氢;并且
R4为氢或是一种1到6个碳原子的烷基。
11、按照权利要求10的组合物,其中n是1且R1是甲基。
12、按照权利要求10的组合物,其中R2和R3是2-乙基己基。
13、按照权利要求10的组合物,其中R4是氢。
14、按照权利要求1的组合物,其中酰化剂是琥珀酸酰化剂。
15、按照权利要求14的组合物,其中琥后酸酰化剂为琥珀酸酐。
16、按照权利要求1的组合物,其中(a)是甲苯基三唑、甲醛和二(2-乙基己基)胺的反应产物。
17、按照权利要求1的组合物,其中(b)中的烃基取代基是一种C8到C500的烷基或这样的烷基的混合物。
18、按照权利要求17的组合物,其中烃基取代基是一个异丁烯或丙烯的低聚物。
19、按照权利要求1的组合物,其中(b)中的烃基取代基含有的平均单体单元数为3到4。
20、按照权利要求18的组合物,其中烃基取代基的分子量为约500到约2000。
21、按照权利要求20的组合物,其中烃基取代基是一个异丁烯聚合物。
22、按照权利要求1的组合物,其中多胺为一个聚乙烯多胺。
23、按照权利要求22的组合物,其中聚乙烯多胺为平均有3到10的亚乙基胺单元的聚乙烯多胺的混合物。
24、按照权利要求1的组合物,其中组分(b)中的硼化合物为硼酸。
25、按照权利要求24的组合物,其中(b)中各组分的相对量为约3-5摩尔羧基、约2-8摩尔氨基和约2-8摩尔硼酸。
26、按照权利要求25的组合物,其中(b)中各组分的相对量为约3-5摩尔羧基、约2-4摩尔氨基和约2-4摩尔硼酸。
27、按照权利要求1的组合物,其中(a)和(b)的重量比为约1∶3到约1∶120。
28、按照权利要求27的组合物,其中(a)和(b)的重量比为约1∶12到1∶30。
29、按照权利要求1的组合物,其中组分(a)的量为约0.001到约1%(重量),组分(b)的量为约0.1到约5%(重量)。
30、按照权利要求29的组合物,其中组分(a)的量约为0.01到约0.2%(重量),组分(b)的量为约0.3到约3%(重量)。
31、按照权利要求30的组合物,其中组分(a)的量为约0.03到约0.07%(重量),组分(b)的量为约0.6到约1.5%(重量)。
32、按照权利要求1的组合物,其中多效烯烃共聚物粘度指数改进剂与添加剂组分(a)加(b)的相对重量比为约1∶2到约25∶1。
33、一种浓缩液,该浓缩液含有一定比例的一种有润滑粘度的油品、一种多效烯烃共聚物粘度指数调节剂以及一种添加剂组合物,该组合物包括:
(a)一种芳族三唑和
(b)一种烃基取代的酰化剂、一种多胺和一种硼化合物的反应产物。
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AU657225B2 (en) 1995-03-02
JPH06158075A (ja) 1994-06-07
IL106236A0 (en) 1993-11-15
MX9304123A (es) 1994-01-31
AU4157893A (en) 1994-01-13
DE69311215D1 (de) 1997-07-10
BR9302347A (pt) 1994-02-16
EP0578490A1 (en) 1994-01-12
IL106236A (en) 1996-05-14
TW269709B (zh) 1996-02-01
EP0578490B1 (en) 1997-06-04
CA2099802A1 (en) 1994-01-09
ATE154069T1 (de) 1997-06-15

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