CN101426948B - ZnO蒸镀材料及由其形成的ZnO膜 - Google Patents
ZnO蒸镀材料及由其形成的ZnO膜 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101426948B CN101426948B CN2007800142941A CN200780014294A CN101426948B CN 101426948 B CN101426948 B CN 101426948B CN 2007800142941 A CN2007800142941 A CN 2007800142941A CN 200780014294 A CN200780014294 A CN 200780014294A CN 101426948 B CN101426948 B CN 101426948B
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
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- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 254
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- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 238000005268 plasma chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetaldehyde Diethyl Acetal Natural products CCOC(C)OCC DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002777 acetyl group Chemical class [H]C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910003437 indium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[In+3].[In+3] PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及用于成膜透明导电膜的ZnO蒸镀材料,其中包含ZnO纯度为98%以上的ZnO的粒料,粒料含有选自Y、La、Sc、Ce、Pr、Nd、Pm及Sm的1种或2种以上的稀土类元素。ZnO的粒料为多晶体或单晶体。通过以该ZnO蒸镀材料为靶材料的真空成膜法而形成的ZnO膜,能够得到良好的导电性。该真空成膜法优选为电子束蒸镀法、离子镀法或溅射法。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种ZnO蒸镀材料及由其形成的ZnO膜,所述ZnO蒸镀材料用于形成例如太阳能电池等中所用的透明导电膜、或者液晶显示装置、电致发光显示装置、触摸面板装置的透明压电传感器的透明电极、以及构成显示装置的有源矩阵驱动装置、防静电导电膜涂层、气体传感器、电磁屏蔽面板、压电器件、光电转换装置、发光装置、薄膜型二次电池等中所用的膜。
本申请基于2006年4月26日在日本申请的特愿2006-121403号、2006年9月8日在日本申请的特愿2006-244144号、以及2007年3月9日在日本申请的特愿2007-060081号而要求优先权,在这里援引其中的内容。
背景技术
近年来,在制造太阳能电池等光电转换装置时,透明导电膜不可或缺。作为现有的透明导电膜,公知的是ITO膜(掺杂锡的铟氧化膜)。ITO膜具备透明性优异、低电阻的优点。
而在太阳能电池或液晶显示装置等当中,一直在谋求低成本化。但是,由于铟的价格高昂,使用ITO膜作为透明导电膜的话,该太阳能电池必然存在价格高昂的问题。此外,在制造太阳能电池等时,通过等离子CVD法在透明导电膜上成膜非晶硅,但此时,如果透明导电膜是ITO膜的话,由于等离子CVD时的氢等离子体,存在ITO膜劣化的问题。
为了解决这些问题,有建议提出:将可更加廉价制造的、掺杂了Al、B、Si等导电活性元素的氧化锌系膜来作为太阳能电池等的透明导电膜使用,提出了用于通过溅射法而形成该氧化锌系膜的氧化锌系溅射用靶(例如,参照专利文献1)。利用该氧化锌系溅射用靶,通过相对于锌,以规定量含有上述导电活性元素,能够得到具有极低电阻的氧化锌系烧结体,该烧结体中,原料粉末越是微细、具有高分散性,烧结密度越高,导电性越是提高。
专利文献1:特开平6-2130号公报(专利的权利要求书中的权利要求2、权利要求3及权利要求4)
发明的公开
发明所要解决的课题
但是,为了使用上述现有的氧化锌系溅射用靶进行高速成膜,而在施加高电压的同时进行溅射的话,易发生异常放电,存在放电状态不稳定、靶不均匀消耗、得到的膜上产生组成错位、难以得到低电阻膜的问题。而减小投入功率、降低电压的话,又存在成膜速度变慢,氧化锌系膜的成膜效率大幅降低的问题。
本发明的目的在于提供一种能够高速成膜较低电阻的膜的ZnO蒸镀材料以及由其形成的ZnO膜。
用于解决课题的手段
本发明的第1方式,涉及用于成膜透明导电膜的ZnO蒸镀材料。
其特征的构成在于:包含ZnO纯度为98%以上的由ZnO粉末制成的ZnO的粒料,粒料含有选自Y、La、Sc、Ce、Pr、Nd、Pm及Sm的1种或2种以上的元素。
在这种ZnO蒸镀材料中,使用ZnO的粒料中所含选自Y、La、Sc、Ce、Pr、Nd、Pm及Sm的1种或2种以上的元素的浓度在上述范围内的ZnO蒸镀材料,来形成ZnO膜的话,该ZnO膜在宽温度范围内能够获得良好的导电性。
本发明中的另一方式,其特征在于:ZnO的粒料为多晶体或单晶体。
在该ZnO蒸镀材料中,ZnO的粒料并不是通过多晶体或单晶体的组织上的差异、而是通过组成上的差异而产生效果的显著变化,因此不管ZnO的粒料是多晶还是单晶,只要具有权利要求1所述的范围内的组成,使用该ZnO蒸镀材料进行ZnO膜的成膜的话,该ZnO膜就能在宽温度范围内得到良好的导电性。
本发明的另一方式,涉及一种ZnO膜,其通过以ZnO蒸镀材料为靶材料的真空成膜法而形成。
该真空成膜法优选为电子束蒸镀法、离子镀法或溅射法。
发明的效果
如上所述,通过本发明,由于包含ZnO纯度为98%以上的由ZnO粉末制成的ZnO的粒料,该粒料以规定量含有选自Y、La、Sc、Ce、Pr、Nd、Pm及Sm的1种或2种以上的元素,因此,使用该ZnO蒸镀材料进行ZnO膜的成膜的话,该ZnO膜能够得到良好的导电性。
此外,ZnO的粒料,不光是在多晶的情况下,就是在单晶的情况下,使用具有上述范围内的组成的ZnO蒸镀材料进行ZnO膜的成膜的话,该ZnO膜就能得到良好的导电性。
具体实施方式
以下对用于实施本发明的最佳方式进行说明。
本发明的发明人就ZnO蒸镀材料及使用该蒸镀材料而成膜的ZnO膜中的杂质种类及其含量对导电性的影响进行了详细调查,结果确认ZnO的粒料中所含选自Y、La、Sc、Ce、Pr、Nd、Pm及Sm的1种或2种以上的元素的浓度有很大影响。并且发现ZnO的粒料中选自Y、La、Sc、Ce、Pr、Nd、Pm及Sm的1种或2种以上的元素的浓度越是增加,大概而言ZnO膜的导电性越是良好,但是进一步增加的话,反而变差。由此知道,从适用产品的角度出发考虑时,选自Y、La、Sc、Ce、Pr、Nd、Pm及Sm的1种或2种以上的元素存在一个最佳的浓度范围。此外,上述选自Y、La、Sc、Ce、Pr、Nd、Pm及Sm的1种或2种以上的元素中,含有以La、Ce、Nd为主成分的混合物,即铈镧稀土合金(有时表示为Mm。)。
本发明的对选自Y、La、Sc、Ce、Pr、Nd、Pm及Sm的1种或2种以上的元素的浓度进行调整后的ZnO蒸镀材料,为用于成膜透明导电膜而使用的ZnO蒸镀材料。该粒料优选直径为5-50mm,厚度为2-30mm。之所以将粒料的直径设定为5-50mm,是为了实施稳定且高速的成膜,其直径不到5mm的话,会产生溅疤等问题,超过50mm的话,又容易导致对炉膛(蒸着材料聚集处)的填充率降低而引起的蒸镀过程中的膜不均匀及成膜速度降低的问题。此外,之所以将其厚度设定为2-30mm,是为了实施稳定且高速的成膜,其厚度不到2mm的话,会产生溅疤等问题,超过30mm的话,又容易导致对炉膛(蒸着材料聚集处)的填充率降低而引起的蒸镀过程中的膜不均匀及成膜速度降低的问题。
另外,该ZnO蒸镀材料中,包含ZnO纯度98%以上,优选98.4% 以上的由ZnO粉末制成的多晶ZnO的粒料。之所以将ZnO粉末中的多晶ZnO的粒料的ZnO纯度限定为98%以上,是因为如果不到98%的话,由于杂质的影响,容易引起ZnO膜的导电性的降低。此外,该ZnO蒸镀材料优选为相对密度90%以上、进一步优选为相对密度95%以上的多晶ZnO的粒料。之所以将相对密度设定为90%以上,是因为如果不到90%的话,成膜时的溅疤会增大。另外,在该实施方式中,ZnO的粒料的组织被设定为多晶,但单晶也可以。
在ZnO蒸镀材料中的上述Y、La、Sc等元素,优选为2-20重量%,进一步优选为3-6重量%。之所以将上述Y、La、Sc等元素设定为2-20重量%是为了提高ZnO膜的导电性。该元素不到2重量%的话,对ZnO膜的导电性的提高没有帮助,而超过20重量%的话,会产生ZnO膜的导电性降低及透射率恶化等的问题。而这些元素如果是微量的话,在ZnO基材的晶界或者粒内,并不是以粒状的析出物的形式存在,而是均匀分布在ZnO蒸镀材料中。另外,上述元素以氧化物的形式存在于ZnO蒸镀材料中。例如,Y以Y2O3的形态存在,La以La2O3的形态存在。此外,Sc被认为以Sc2O3的形态存在,Ce被认为以CeO2或Ce2O3的形态存在。Pr被认为以Pr6O12的形态存在,Nd被认为以Nd2O3的形态存在。此外,Pm被认为以Pm2O3的形态存在,Sm被认为以Sm2O3的形态存在。
这样构成的本发明的ZnO蒸镀材料中,由于添加了3价或4价以上的稀土类元素,因此相对于2价的Zn,能够产生过量的载流子电子。另外,稀土类在添加到ZnO蒸镀材料中时,属于不易引起蒸镀时的组成错位的材料,能够在膜中维持期望的组成比率。此外,作为导电的机制,除了载流子电子的强制投入外,还有通过缺氧而进行的方式。通常利用蒸镀法导入氧气,但是通常在膜组成中氧气处于不足状态。在透明导电膜形成过程中虽然可以采用生成缺氧从而降低电阻的手法,但是在添加稀土类元素的情况下,由于蒸发性能优越,因此存在容易控制这样的特征。在本发明中,利用该特征,使用Al或Ga以外的添加元素,能够得到可与ITO媲美的导电性。
接着,以添加元素为Ce、通过烧结法来制造为例,对本发明的ZnO蒸镀材料的制造方法进行说明。
首先,将纯度98%以上的高纯度ZnO粉末、使得Ce浓度在2-20 重量%的范围内的量的高纯度氧化铈粉末、粘合剂、有机溶剂混合在一起,制备成浓度为30-75重量%的浆液。优选制备成40-65重量%的浆液。之所以将浆液的浓度设定为30-75重量%,是因为超过75重量%的话,由于上述浆液为非水系,存在难以进行稳定的混合造粒的问题,而不到30重量%的话,不能得到具备均匀组织的致密的ZnO烧结体。ZnO粉末的平均粒径优选在0.1-5.0μm的范围内。之所以将ZnO粉末的平均粒径规定在上述范围内,是因为如果不到下限值的话,粉末过细会进行凝集,导致粉末的处理变差,存在难以制备出高浓度浆液的问题,而超过上限值的话,存在难以进行微细结构的控制、不能得到致密的粒料的问题。
从防止Ce存在量的不均、与ZnO基材的反应性及Ce化合物的纯度的方面考虑,氧化铈粉末优选添加1次粒径为纳米级的氧化铈粒子。
作为粘合剂,优选使用聚乙二醇或聚乙烯醇缩丁醛等,作为有机溶剂,优选使用乙醇或丙醇等。粘合剂优选添加0.2-5.0重量%。
此外,高纯度粉末、粘合剂及有机溶剂的湿式混合、尤其是高纯度粉末与作为分散介质的有机溶剂的湿式混合,利用湿式球磨机或搅拌磨机进行。
在湿式球磨机中,使用ZrO2制球的情况下,利用直径5-10mm的多个ZrO2制球,进行8-24小时、优选20-24小时湿式混合。之所以将ZrO2制球的直径限定为5-10mm是因为如果不到5mm的话,混合就会不充分,而超过10mm的话,会存在杂质增加的问题。此外,混合时间之所以最长为24小时,是因为即使长时间连续混合,杂质的产生也少。
在搅拌磨机中,使用直径1-3mm的ZrO2制球,进行0.5-1小时湿式混合。之所以将ZrO2制球的直径设定为1-3mm是因为如果不到1mm的话,混合就会不充分,而超过3mm的话,会存在杂质增加的问题。此外,混合时间之所以最长为1小时,是因为超过1小时的话,不仅原料的混合,而且球本身也会磨损,因此成为导致杂质产生的原因,另外有1小时的话,就能够充分混合的缘故。
接着,对上述浆液进行喷雾干燥,得到平均粒径为50-250μm、优选为50-200μm的混合造粒粉末。将该造粒粉末放入规定的模具,以规定的压力进行成形。上述喷雾干燥,优选使用喷雾干燥仪进行,规定的模具使用单轴冲压装置或者冷等静压成形装置(CIP(Cold Isostatic Press) 成形装置)。
在单轴冲压装置中,在750-2000kg/cm2(73.55-196.1MPa)的压力下,优选在1000-1500kg/cm2(98.1-147.1MPa)的压力下将造粒粉末单轴加压成形。
在CIP成形装置中,在1000-3000kg/cm2(98.1-294.2MPa)的压力下,优选在1500-2000kg/cm2(147.1-196.1MPa)的压力下将造粒粉末CIP成形。
之所以将压力限定在上述范围内,是为了在提高成形体密度的同时,防止烧结后的变形,不需要进行后加工。
进而,在规定的温度下,对成形体进行烧结。烧结在大气、惰性气体、真空或者还原气体气氛中,在1000℃以上、优选1200-1400℃的温度下,进行1-10小时,优选进行2-5小时。由此,能够得到相对密度在90%以上的粒料。上述烧结是在大气压下进行,但在如热压(HP)烧结或热等静压(HIP,Hot Isostatic Press)烧结般进行加压烧结的情况下,优选在惰性气体、真空或还原气体气氛中,在1000℃以上的温度下进行1-5小时。将这样得到的粒料的多晶ZnO蒸镀材料作为靶材料,通过真空成膜法,在衬底表面形成ZnO膜。
此外,作为添加元素以Ce为代表进行了说明,但使用Y、La、Sc、Pr、Nd、Pm或Sm的情况下,使用Y、La、Sc、Pr、Nd、Pm或Sm来代替上述Ce,按照与上述同样的方法,制造ZnO蒸镀材料。
而作为用于形成上述ZnO膜的真空成膜法,则可以举出电子束蒸镀法或离子镀法或者溅射法等。
实施例
接着,与比较例一起,对本发明的实施例进行详细说明。
<实施例1>
作为ZnO蒸镀材料,准备了相对密度为95%、该ZnO的蒸镀材料中所含Ce的浓度为5重量%的多晶ZnO的粒料。该ZnO蒸镀材料的直径及厚度分别为5mm和1.6mm。应说明的是,ZnO粉末的ZnO纯度为99%。
接下来,在玻璃衬底上使用上述ZnO蒸镀材料,利用电子束蒸镀法,形成膜厚为200nm的ZnO膜。成膜条件为,到达真空度:1.0×10-4Pa,氧分压:1.0×10-2Pa,衬底温度:200℃,成膜速度:0.5nm/秒。
<实施例2>
除了使用通过烧结法制备的ZnO的多晶粒料(长度、宽度及厚度为5mm、5mm及2mm左右的板状粒料)中所含Sc浓度为3-6重量%的ZnO蒸镀材料外,使用与实施例1同样的方法,形成ZnO膜。
<实施例3>
除了使用通过烧结法制备的ZnO的多晶粒料(长度、宽度及厚度为5mm、5mm及2mm左右的板状粒料)中所含Y浓度为3-6重量%的ZnO蒸镀材料外,使用与实施例1同样的方法,形成ZnO膜。
<实施例4>
除了使用通过烧结法制备的ZnO的多晶粒料(长度、宽度及厚度为5mm、5mm及2mm左右的板状粒料)中所含La浓度为3-6重量%的ZnO蒸镀材料外,使用与实施例1同样的方法,形成ZnO膜。
<实施例5>
除了使用通过烧结法制备的ZnO的多晶粒料(长度、宽度及厚度为5mm、5mm及2mm左右的板状粒料)中所含Pr浓度为3-6重量%的ZnO蒸镀材料外,使用与实施例1同样的方法,形成ZnO膜。
<实施例6>
除了使用通过烧结法制备的ZnO的多晶粒料(长度、宽度及厚度为5mm、5mm及2mm左右的板状粒料)中所含Nd浓度为3-6重量%的ZnO蒸镀材料外,使用与实施例1同样的方法,形成ZnO膜。
<实施例7>
除了使用通过烧结法制备的ZnO的多晶粒料(长度、宽度及厚度为5mm、5mm及2mm左右的板状粒料)中所含Pm浓度为3-6重量%的ZnO蒸镀材料外,使用与实施例1同样的方法,形成ZnO膜。
<实施例8>
除了使用通过烧结法制备的ZnO的多晶粒料(长度、宽度及厚度为 5mm、5mm及2mm左右的板状粒料)中所含Sm浓度为3-6重量%的ZnO蒸镀材料外,使用与实施例1同样的方法,形成ZnO膜。
<比较例1>
作为ZnO蒸镀材料,准备了相对密度为95%的多晶ZnO的粒料。即准备了ZnO中不包含Y、La、Sc、Ce、Pr、Nd、Pm及Sm中任一种的ZnO的粒料。该ZnO蒸镀材料的直径和厚度分别为5mm和1.6mm。除使用该ZnO蒸镀材料外,使用与实施例1同样的方法,形成ZnO膜。应说明的是,ZnO粉末的ZnO纯度为99%。
<比较试验及评价>
对实施例1-8及比较例1中得到的ZnO膜的电阻率及透射率进行了测定。电阻率的测定仪,使用的是三菱化学株式会社的商品名为ロレスタ(HP型,MCP-T410,探针为串联1.5mm间距)的测定仪,在气氛为25℃的所谓常温下,通过外加恒定电流而进行的四端子四探针法测定。透射率的测定仪,使用的是株式会社日立制作所的分光光度计U-4000,在可见光波长范围(380-780mm)内,相对于测定光垂直设置成膜后的衬底,进行了测定。将它们的测定结果在表1中示出。
添加元素 | 电阻率 (Ωcm) | 透射率 (%) | |
实施例1 | Ce | 8.3×10-4 | 88 |
实施例2 | Sc | 9.2×10-4 | 87 |
实施例3 | Y | 9.5×10-4 | 89 |
实施例4 | La | 8.4×10-4 | 91 |
实施例5 | Pr | 1.8×10-3 | 92 |
实施例6 | Nd | 2.3×10-3 | 90 |
实施例7 | Pm | 3.1×10-3 | 89 |
实施例8 | Sm | 2.9×10-3 | 91 |
比较例1 | 无 | 2.0×10-2 | 93 |
由表1可知,实施例1-8中的透射率比比较例1中的透射率低。但是,与比较例1中的93%相比,实施例1-8中的透射率虽然低,但是即便是表现为最低值的实施例2,也达到了87%,因此实施例1-8中的ZnO膜具备能够足够用于实际使用的透射率。而由表1可明确得知,实施例1-8中的电阻率,与比较例1中的电阻率相比,表现为显著低的值。因此,使用本发明的ZnO蒸镀材料,能够高速成膜较低电阻的膜。
产业实用性
如上所述,根据本发明,由于包含ZnO纯度为98%以上的ZnO的粒料,该粒料以规定量含有选自Y、La、Sc、Ce、Pr、Nd、Pm及Sm的1种或2种以上的元素。因此,使用该ZnO蒸镀材料进行ZnO膜的成膜的话,该ZnO膜能够得到良好的导电性。
此外,ZnO的粒料,不光是在多晶的情况下,就是在单晶的情况下,使用具有上述范围内的组成的ZnO蒸镀材料进行ZnO膜的成膜的话,该ZnO膜能得到良好的导电性。因此,本发明在产业上极为有用。
Claims (5)
1.一种ZnO蒸镀材料,其是用于成膜透明导电膜的ZnO蒸镀材料,其特征在于,
包含由ZnO纯度为98%以上的ZnO粉末制成的ZnO的粒料,
所述粒料含有选自La、Sc、Ce、Pr、Nd、Pm及Sm的1种或2种以上的稀土类元素,并且
所述稀土类元素的含量在ZnO蒸镀材料中为2-20重量%,
所述粒料的直径为5mm以上且50mm以下,
所述ZnO蒸镀材料的相对密度为90%以上。
2.权利要求1所述的ZnO蒸镀材料,其中ZnO的粒料为多晶体或单晶体。
3.权利要求1所述的ZnO蒸镀材料,其中所述稀土类元素在ZnO蒸镀材料中以氧化物的形式存在。
4.一种ZnO膜,其通过以权利要求1或2所述的ZnO蒸镀材料为靶材料的真空成膜法而形成。
5.权利要求4所述的ZnO膜,其中真空成膜法为电子束蒸镀法、离子镀法或溅射法。
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JP5129772B2 (ja) * | 2008-03-28 | 2013-01-30 | タテホ化学工業株式会社 | Sr−Ca−O焼結体 |
JP5402520B2 (ja) * | 2008-10-27 | 2014-01-29 | 三菱マテリアル株式会社 | ZnO蒸着材の製造方法 |
CN101748405B (zh) * | 2008-11-28 | 2014-02-12 | 北京北方微电子基地设备工艺研究中心有限责任公司 | 透明导电膜及其制造方法、太阳能电池及平板显示装置 |
JP5428870B2 (ja) * | 2009-01-13 | 2014-02-26 | 三菱マテリアル株式会社 | ZnO蒸着材の製造方法 |
JP5381725B2 (ja) * | 2009-01-13 | 2014-01-08 | 三菱マテリアル株式会社 | ZnO蒸着材の製造方法 |
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JP5428872B2 (ja) * | 2009-01-13 | 2014-02-26 | 三菱マテリアル株式会社 | ZnO蒸着材の製造方法 |
JP5381724B2 (ja) * | 2009-01-13 | 2014-01-08 | 三菱マテリアル株式会社 | ZnO蒸着材の製造方法 |
JP5428873B2 (ja) * | 2009-01-13 | 2014-02-26 | 三菱マテリアル株式会社 | ZnO蒸着材の製造方法 |
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