CN101421518A - 改进的真空泵 - Google Patents

改进的真空泵 Download PDF

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CN101421518A
CN101421518A CNA2007800128338A CN200780012833A CN101421518A CN 101421518 A CN101421518 A CN 101421518A CN A2007800128338 A CNA2007800128338 A CN A2007800128338A CN 200780012833 A CN200780012833 A CN 200780012833A CN 101421518 A CN101421518 A CN 101421518A
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vacuum pump
pump
chamber
valve
oil
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CN101421518B (zh
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大卫·希普斯
约翰·赫加蒂
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ZF CV Systems Europe BV
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Wabco Automotive UK Ltd
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04CROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C29/00Component parts, details or accessories of pumps or pumping installations, not provided for in groups F04C18/00 - F04C28/00
    • F04C29/02Lubrication; Lubricant separation
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04CROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C29/00Component parts, details or accessories of pumps or pumping installations, not provided for in groups F04C18/00 - F04C28/00
    • F04C29/02Lubrication; Lubricant separation
    • F04C29/028Means for improving or restricting lubricant flow
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04CROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C18/00Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04C18/30Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids having the characteristics covered by two or more of groups F04C18/02, F04C18/08, F04C18/22, F04C18/24, F04C18/48, or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members
    • F04C18/34Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids having the characteristics covered by two or more of groups F04C18/02, F04C18/08, F04C18/22, F04C18/24, F04C18/48, or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members having the movement defined in group F04C18/08 or F04C18/22 and relative reciprocation between the co-operating members
    • F04C18/344Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids having the characteristics covered by two or more of groups F04C18/02, F04C18/08, F04C18/22, F04C18/24, F04C18/48, or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members having the movement defined in group F04C18/08 or F04C18/22 and relative reciprocation between the co-operating members with vanes reciprocating with respect to the inner member
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04CROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C18/00Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04C18/30Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids having the characteristics covered by two or more of groups F04C18/02, F04C18/08, F04C18/22, F04C18/24, F04C18/48, or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members
    • F04C18/34Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids having the characteristics covered by two or more of groups F04C18/02, F04C18/08, F04C18/22, F04C18/24, F04C18/48, or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members having the movement defined in group F04C18/08 or F04C18/22 and relative reciprocation between the co-operating members
    • F04C18/344Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids having the characteristics covered by two or more of groups F04C18/02, F04C18/08, F04C18/22, F04C18/24, F04C18/48, or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members having the movement defined in group F04C18/08 or F04C18/22 and relative reciprocation between the co-operating members with vanes reciprocating with respect to the inner member
    • F04C18/3441Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids having the characteristics covered by two or more of groups F04C18/02, F04C18/08, F04C18/22, F04C18/24, F04C18/48, or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members having the movement defined in group F04C18/08 or F04C18/22 and relative reciprocation between the co-operating members with vanes reciprocating with respect to the inner member the inner and outer member being in contact along one line or continuous surface substantially parallel to the axis of rotation
    • F04C18/3442Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids having the characteristics covered by two or more of groups F04C18/02, F04C18/08, F04C18/22, F04C18/24, F04C18/48, or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members having the movement defined in group F04C18/08 or F04C18/22 and relative reciprocation between the co-operating members with vanes reciprocating with respect to the inner member the inner and outer member being in contact along one line or continuous surface substantially parallel to the axis of rotation the surfaces of the inner and outer member, forming the inlet and outlet opening
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04CROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C29/00Component parts, details or accessories of pumps or pumping installations, not provided for in groups F04C18/00 - F04C28/00
    • F04C29/12Arrangements for admission or discharge of the working fluid, e.g. constructional features of the inlet or outlet
    • F04C29/124Arrangements for admission or discharge of the working fluid, e.g. constructional features of the inlet or outlet with inlet and outlet valves specially adapted for rotary or oscillating piston pumps
    • F04C29/126Arrangements for admission or discharge of the working fluid, e.g. constructional features of the inlet or outlet with inlet and outlet valves specially adapted for rotary or oscillating piston pumps of the non-return type
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04CROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C2220/00Application
    • F04C2220/10Vacuum

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Applications Or Details Of Rotary Compressors (AREA)
  • Rotary Pumps (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供一种真空泵(10),其适合用来安装于发动机的下部区域,比如在发动机的油槽中。该真空泵(10)包括具有腔室(14)的外壳(12),该腔室包含可移动的元件(18),其中该腔室(14)设置有入口(32)和出口(34)并且可移动的元件(18)是可移动的以通过入口(32)将流体吸入腔室(14)并且通过出口(34)从腔室(14)排出流体以便引起在入口处的压力降低。该真空泵(10)还设置有将油供应至腔室(14)的供油导管(84),供油导管(84)设置有阀(86)以防止在泵不操作期间油流动至腔室(14)。

Description

改进的真空泵
技术领域
本发明涉及一种真空泵并且更具体地涉及一种汽车真空泵。
背景技术
真空泵可安装至具有燃料喷射火花点火发动机或压缩点火发动机的道路车辆以促进制动性能。通常,真空泵由发动机的凸轮轴驱动,这使得需要将泵安装至发动机的上部区域。有利地是保持发动机的总体尺寸尽可能地小以有助于发动机在车辆主体内的定位。为此,已经建议了将真空泵定位于发动机的下部区域处或下部区域中,例如安装在发动机的油槽内。将真空泵移动至下部位置能有助于降低车辆的重心并且能改进车辆的乘客撞击保护。
发明内容
根据本发明,提供了一种真空泵,其适于安装在发动机的下部区域,比如安装在发动机的油槽中,该真空泵包括具有腔室的外壳,该腔室包含可移动的元件,其中该腔室设置有入口和出口并且可移动的元件是可移动的以通过入口将流体吸入腔室并且通过出口从腔室排出流体以便引起在入口处的压力降低,其中该真空泵还设置有将油供应至腔室的供油导管,供油导管设置有阀以防止在泵不操作期间油流动至腔室。
在供油导管中提供的阀防止了在不操作期间油进入腔室,例如在安装有泵的发动机关闭时。该阀防止了油被腔室内的剩余真空吸入腔室,或者油由于从发动机供油系统中高于泵位置的点的重力而排出。应该理解的是,这个问题在将真空泵移动到发动机上或其中的较低位置时会遇到。这又防止了一旦泵的操作重新启动对于转子和叶片通过腔室出口泵送已经聚集在腔室中的油的需要。以这种方式泵送油能对叶片施加力,从而导致叶片过早的磨损,尤其是在油的粘度已经增大时。这种情况会在真空泵的停止和重新启动之间的环境温度有显著下降时发生。
供油导管阀优选包括可在打开位置和关闭位置之间移动的可移动的阀元件。供油导管阀还优选地包括可操作以在泵停止操作时将阀元件迫压至关闭位置的弹性装置。弹性装置可包括独立的弹性元件,比如弹簧。可选地,弹性装置包括阀元件的弹性部分。供油导管阀可设置于泵外壳内。可选地,供油导管阀设置于供油导管的与泵外壳分开的部分中。
在优选实施例中,泵腔室的入口设置有布置成在泵不操作时关闭的阀。这个入口阀作用以维持导管中泵入口的上游由于泵的操作所引起的压力降低。入口阀可容纳于安装至泵外壳的导管元件中并且该导管元件与腔室入口流体连通。入口阀优选地包括可在打开位置和关闭位置之间移动的可移动的阀元件。入口阀优选地还包括可操作以在泵停止操作时将阀元件迫压至关闭位置的弹性装置。弹性装置可包括独立的弹性元件,比如弹簧。可选地,弹性装置包括阀元件的弹性部分。
供油导管可通过外壳从外壳的外部延伸至腔室。可选地,供油导管通过泵的可移动的元件延伸至腔室。供油导管可与泵的油沟连通,该油沟又将油供应至腔室。在这个实施例中,油沟可限定于泵的可移动的元件和外壳之间。
附图说明
现在将参照附图描述本发明的实施例,其中:
图1示出根据本发明的真空泵的横截面图;以及
图2示出图1的真空泵的可选横截面图。
具体实施方式
参照附图,其中示出了总体上用10表示的真空泵,其将定位于发动机的油槽内。图1的横截面图由图2的箭头A-A指示,而图2的横截面图由图1的箭头B-B指示。泵包括在内部限定有腔室14的外壳12。在腔室14内设置有转子16和叶片18。叶片18可滑动地安装于转子16的槽20中并且如箭头22所示可相对于转子16可滑动地移动。转子16如箭头24所示可相对于外壳12旋转。叶片18的端部26设置有密封件28,其确保在叶片18由转子16旋转时叶片18和腔室14的壁30之间维持基本上不透流体的密封。如以下将更具体地描述的,通过在腔室14中提供油而有助于密封件28提供不透流体的密封。
腔室14设置有入口32和出口34。入口32连接至导管36,导管36又连接至车辆的制动辅助装置(未示出)。腔室出口34与穿过外壳12延伸至外壳外部并且进入发动机曲轴箱的导管38流体连通。在导管38远离腔室出口34的端部设置有簧片阀96以及止块98,止块98限制簧片阀96能打开的程度。簧片阀96防止在泵10的操作停止时曲轴箱空气和/或未过滤的油被吸入腔室14。腔室14由通过螺纹紧固件54附接至外壳12的板52封闭。
入口导管32设置有总体地用40表示的单向阀。单向阀40包括球形阀元件42,其通过弹簧46迫压抵靠于导管36的底座44。弹簧46的强度是这样的,使得由转子16和叶片18的旋转所引起的穿过导管36(用箭头48表示)至入口32的流动导致弹簧46压缩并且阀元件42离开其底座44。在这个流动48停止时,阀元件42被迫压回去抵靠于其底座44从而关闭导管36。在示出的实施例中,导管36由弯头形管状元件50限定,该弯头形管状元件安装至外壳12的包围入口32的凹槽53。阀底座44由管状元件50的环形台阶限定。应该理解的是可使用其它形式和构造的单向阀。
转子16设置有轴部分56,其延伸穿过设置于腔室14的后面60中的孔58以使得轴部分56的远端62从外壳12突出。轴部分56设置有驱动连接器64,其在使用中能将转子16连接至驱动元件(未示出)。轴部分56由容纳于外壳12的环形凹槽68中的油封圈66所包围。油封66圈由扣环70保持至凹槽68。
转子轴部分56和驱动连接器64都是中空的并且设置有与转子16的旋转轴线76对齐的相应通孔72、74。转子轴部分孔72设置有扩大的直径部分78,供油管80能安装于扩大的直径部分。供油管80设置有呈弹性O环形式的环形密封件82以确保在管和转子轴部分56之间构成流体密封连接。供油管80连接至供油导管84。供油导管84连接至过滤的油的源。例如,供油导管可通过安装有真空泵10的发动机的油过滤装置的出口供应。导管84内设置有总体上用86表示的单向阀。单向阀86可以是与参照入口单向阀40所描述的类似类型并且包括阀元件、弹簧和底座。可替代地,可使用其它类型或构造的单向阀。可以认为供油导管84在单向阀86的相对侧上具有下游侧84a和上游侧84b。术语上游和下游参照穿过单向阀86的油流来解释。
在使用中,过滤的油通过供油导管84供应至供油导管80,如箭头88所示。油然后从供应导管80到达转子轴部分孔72,由此其穿过轴部分56的径向导管90到达油沟92。油沟92由用于安装轴部分56的孔58中的凹槽来限定。存在于沟92中的油能够在转子16和腔室14的后面60之间流入腔室14。在腔室14中存在的油润滑泵10的滑动表面以防止卡住。少量的油94在转子密封件28旋转时被推到转子密封件28的前面。油94通过出口34和出口导管38从腔室14中排出。因而应该理解的是在转子16和叶片18旋转时要求油恒定地流入腔室14中以便替代经由出口34从腔室14中排出的油。
应该理解的是油可以通过其它路径供应至腔室。例如,油可以如箭头91所示通过外壳12中的通道从供油导管84的下游侧84a供应至油沟92。
现在将描述泵10的操作。转子16和叶片18由连接至泵驱动元件64的驱动器旋转。这个旋转引起空气通过入口32和入口导管36被吸入腔室14。导致单向阀40以上述方式打开。因而在入口导管36以及连接至入口导管的其它零件、装备或组件产生压力降低。吸入到腔室14中的空气,连同由叶片18输送的任何油一起通过出口34和出口导管38从腔室14中排出。空气和油通过打开簧片阀96而离开出口导管38。如上所述,过滤的油经由供油导管84和供油管88供应至腔室14。
一旦转子16和叶片18的旋转停止,入口单向阀40关闭。这确保了维持入口导管36上降低的压力。供油单向阀86也关闭并且从而防止过滤的油由腔室14中的剩余真空吸入油沟92并且随后进入腔室14。在没有供油单向阀86的情况下,腔室14在一段时间之后可能会充满油。在转子16和叶片18的重新开始旋转时,油必须通过出口34从腔室14排出。这会在叶片18及其密封件28上产生不适当的应力,导致其过早的磨损和损坏。
本发明已经参照单个滑动叶片真空泵进行了描述。应该理解的是,本发明同样可适用于其它类型的真空泵,包括例如多个叶片和活塞泵。真空泵可通过发动机的比如曲柄轴或凸轮轴的可旋转元件直接地或间接地驱动。在可替代的实施例中,真空泵可以是电驱动的。

Claims (17)

1.一种真空泵,适于安装在发动机的下部区域,比如安装在发动机的油槽中,所述真空泵包括具有腔室的外壳,所述腔室包含可移动的元件,其中所述腔室设置有入口和出口并且所述可移动的元件能够移动以通过入口将流体吸入腔室并且通过出口从腔室排出流体以便引起入口处的压力降低,其中所述真空泵还设置有将油供应至腔室的供油导管,供油导管设置有阀以防止在泵不操作期间油流动至腔室。
2.如权利要求1所述的真空泵,其中供油导管阀包括能够在打开位置和关闭位置之间移动的可移动的阀元件。
3.如权利要求2所述的真空泵,其中供油导管阀还包括能够操作以在泵停止操作时将阀元件迫压至关闭位置的弹性装置。
4.如权利要求3所述的真空泵,其中弹性装置包括独立的弹性元件,比如弹簧。
5.如权利要求4所述的真空泵,其中弹性装置包括阀元件的弹性部分。
6.如前述任一项权利要求所述的真空泵,其中供油导管阀设置于泵外壳内。
7.如权利要求1至5中任一项所述的真空泵,其中供油导管阀设置于供油导管的与泵外壳分开的部分中。
8.如前述任一项权利要求所述的真空泵,其中泵腔室的入口设置有阀,所述阀布置成在泵不操作时关闭。
9.如权利要求8所述的真空泵,其中入口阀容纳于安装至泵外壳的导管元件中并且该导管元件与腔室入口流体连通。
10.如权利要求8或9所述的真空泵,其中入口阀包括能够在打开位置和关闭位置之间移动的可移动的阀元件。
11.如权利要求10所述的真空泵,其中入口阀包括能够操作以在泵停止操作时将阀元件迫压至关闭位置的弹性装置。
12.如权利要求11所述的真空泵,其中弹性装置包括独立的弹性元件,比如弹簧。
13.如权利要求11所述的真空泵,其中弹性装置包括阀元件的弹性部分。
14.如前述任一项权利要求所述的真空泵,其中供油导管通过外壳从外壳外部延伸至腔室。
15.如权利要求1至13中任一项所述的真空泵,其中供油导管通过泵的可移动的元件延伸至腔室。
16.如前述任一项权利要求所述的真空泵,其中供油导管与泵的油沟连通,所述油沟又将油供应至腔室。
17.如权利要求16所述的真空泵,其中油沟限定于泵的可移动的元件和外壳之间。
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GBGB0607198.9A GB0607198D0 (en) 2006-04-10 2006-04-10 Improved vacuum pump
PCT/GB2007/001314 WO2007116216A1 (en) 2006-04-10 2007-04-05 Improved vacuum pump

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CN108167231A (zh) * 2016-12-07 2018-06-15 青岛海尔洗衣机有限公司 一种吸水泵及洗衣机
CN108167231B (zh) * 2016-12-07 2020-09-04 青岛胶南海尔洗衣机有限公司 一种吸水泵及洗衣机
CN111051699A (zh) * 2017-09-08 2020-04-21 帕德米尼Vna机电一体化私人有限公司 具有供油管路的单叶旋转真空泵
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US8628317B2 (en) 2014-01-14
GB0607198D0 (en) 2006-05-17
KR101318796B1 (ko) 2013-10-17
EP2005003A1 (en) 2008-12-24
WO2007116216A1 (en) 2007-10-18
KR20080109716A (ko) 2008-12-17
US20100239440A1 (en) 2010-09-23
JP2009533598A (ja) 2009-09-17
CN101421518B (zh) 2011-08-24

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