CN101366346A - Clear-white gold needle mushroom cultivation method - Google Patents
Clear-white gold needle mushroom cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN101366346A CN101366346A CNA2008100231975A CN200810023197A CN101366346A CN 101366346 A CN101366346 A CN 101366346A CN A2008100231975 A CNA2008100231975 A CN A2008100231975A CN 200810023197 A CN200810023197 A CN 200810023197A CN 101366346 A CN101366346 A CN 101366346A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for cultivating pure white needle mushrooms. The method comprises the following steps: a strain is prepared; a culture material is prepared; bagging and sterilization are carried out; inoculation is carried out; a mycelium is cultured; nutrition, humidity, temperature, light, air and other culture conditions are strictly controlled during a fruiting period; and harvesting is carried out in an optimum period. the formulation of the culture material is 0 to 32 percent of weed tree sawdust, 0 to 93 percent of cotton seed hulls or wheat straw, straw, corncob and other crop straw, 0 to 20 percent of wheat bran, 0 to 10 percent of corn meal, 0 to 10 percent of soybean meal, 0 to 1 percent of calcium carbonate, 0 to 0.2 percent of monopotassium phosphate, 0 to 0.2 percent of magnesium sulfate, 1 to 1.2 percent of sucrose, 0 to 10 percent of rice bran, 0 to 1 percent of plaster and 0 to 0.02 percent of urea. Quicklime and wettable carbendazim are added during the preparation of the culture material so as to prevent the pollution of undesired bacteria. The technical proposal aims to select proper breeds, popularize local large scale planting and improve cultivation benefit.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the breeding method of a kind of mushroom, relate in particular to a kind of breeding method of clear-white gold needle mushroom.
Background technology
Edible mushroom is a kind of high protein, low fat, is rich in amino acid, vitamin and mineral matter and various polysaccharide and the low gourmet food of heat, raising body immunity, anti-cancer and cancer-preventing, anti-ageing waiting for a long time are had tangible dietary function.Asparagus is a kind of of rare mushroom, especially white gold needle mushroom, has more high edible and commercial value.Asparagus has another name called dried mushroom, other has structure bacterium, plain mushroom, hair handle money bacterium etc. to be commonly called as, the nutritive value of Asparagus is extremely abundant, contain 18 seed amino acids, in the dried mushroom of every hectogram, amino acid whose total content is 20.9g, and wherein necessary 8 seed amino acids of human body account for 44.5% of total amino acid content, are higher than general mushroom class; Especially be rich in lysine and arginine, the growth of useful children brain cell, the Japanese is called " increasing the intelligence mushroom "; Asparagus also contains Flammulin, dietotherapy effect such as have anticancer, reducing blood lipid, protect the liver, often edible Asparagus can prophylaxis of hypertension and treatment liver and enterogastric diseases, being described as " mountain delicacy ", is the third-largest food sources of the mankind after plant food, animal food.The kind of Asparagus is more, is good with white gold needle mushroom; But Asparagus is high to its growing environment and growth conditions requirement, is difficult to large-scale planting, and cultivation benefit is very low.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention provides a kind of breeding method of clear-white gold needle mushroom, its objective is the kind that seed selection is fit to, and promotes local large-scale planting, improves cultivation benefit.
To achieve these goals, the technical scheme that the present invention takes is: a kind of breeding method of clear-white gold needle mushroom, this breeding method comprises the steps:
(1) preparation of bacterial classification;
(2) composts or fertilisers of cultivating preparation;
(3) pack sterilization: composts or fertilisers of cultivating pack back sterilization, sterilization can be carried out any sterilising conditions in the general sterilization standard, this is not done qualification;
(4) inoculation: the composts or fertilisers of cultivating that is cooled to 25～20 ° is inoculated in desinfection chamber or inoculating hood;
(5) mycelial cultivation: condition of culture such as strict control nutrition, humidity, temperature, illumination, air, pH value;
(6) fruiting period management: comprise mycelium stimulation, urge flower bud, all educate and suppress all educating etc., condition of culture such as control nutrition, humidity, temperature, illumination, air
(7) optimum harvest.
The preparation of described bacterial classification, to the Asparagus fruit body with tissue isolation to each position purify, rejuvenation.Under aseptic condition, each position such as stem tissue, cap tissue, trama tissue of getting fruit body respectively with tissue isolation purify, rejuvenation, the result shows, each position of Asparagus fruit body all can be used for separate tissue, significant genetic stability is arranged on cultivated character between separate tissue strain and the starting strain, and the separate tissue strain at each position of Asparagus fruit body has significant genetic identity on cultivated character.
The preparation of described composts or fertilisers of cultivating, composts or fertilisers of cultivating comprises medium and nutrients, and wherein said medium contains at least a in the crop stalks such as being selected from wood chip, cotton seed hull, wheat straw, straw and corncob; Described nutrients comprises one or more in rice bran, dregs of beans, corn flour, sucrose, wheat bran, calcium carbonate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, urea, quicklime, magnesium sulfate and the plaster of paris.
Described composts or fertilisers of cultivating preparation, wood chip will will often water in the banking process through the accumulation more than 1 year before using, make its water content reach 60～65%, keep the wood chip humidity, to remove the harmful substance in the wood chip, wood chip thickness ratio is: 2～3mm accounts for 20%, 1～2mm accounts for 40%, accounts for 40% below the 1mm, and thick wood chip is many, medium is easily done, thin wood chip is many, and gas permeability is poor, influences mycelial growth rate.
Described composts or fertilisers of cultivating preparation, filling a prescription is: weed tree sawdust 0～32%, cotton seed hull 0～93%, wheat bran 0～20%, corn flour 0～10%, dregs of beans 0～10%, calcium carbonate 0～1%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0～0.2%, magnesium sulfate 0～0.2%, sucrose 1～1.2%, rice bran 0～10%, the plaster of paris 0～1%, urea 0～0.02%.
Described composts or fertilisers of cultivating preparation, the quicklime of adding composts or fertilisers of cultivating gross weight about 1% can be avoided the pollution of assorted bacterium in the preparation process, and disease and insect pest can not take place in the phase in whole growth, more do not need medical treatment, guarantee its edible safety.
Described composts or fertilisers of cultivating preparation, earlier will be as a kind of the prewetting in the crop stalks such as the weed tree sawdust of medium or cotton seed hulls, wheat straw, straw, corncob, again in the crop stalks such as medium weed tree sawdust that one or more addings in sucrose, wheat bran, corn flour, dregs of beans, calcium carbonate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulfate, rice bran, the plaster of paris, the urea are soaked or cotton seed hulls, the quicklime that adds composts or fertilisers of cultivating gross weight about 1%, add water, material-water ratio is 1:1.2～1.3, stir with agitator, it is fully mixed, control pH value 6.5～7.
Composts or fertilisers of cultivating will carry out sterilization treatment before the Asparagus plantation, plastic sack charging with 18 * 36cm, approximately every packed 400～500g composts or fertilisers of cultivating, compacting is wanted on the surface, guarantee every bag the composts or fertilisers of cultivating of adorning equate, the degree of tightness unanimity, height is consistent, and this is a prerequisite of sending out bacterium unanimity, fruiting while, stem length unanimity in the future; Packed finishing will carry out sterilization treatment immediately, standing time, long slightly composts or fertilisers of cultivating will ferment, sterilization can be adopted autoclaving or normal-pressure sterilization, normal-pressure sterilization, kept 12～16 hours after the composts or fertilisers of cultivating temperature reaches more than 98 ℃, autoclaving composts or fertilisers of cultivating temperature reaches 120 ℃ and continues 2～3 hours, and sterilization finishes, the cooling chamber that the sack of composts or fertilisers of cultivating or blake bottle put into while hot through sterilization is housed is cooled to 25～20 ℃, inoculation in time.
Be seeded in desinfection chamber or the inoculating hood and carry out, bacterial classification is 1:50 with the ratio of composts or fertilisers of cultivating, and bacterial classification requires the full composts or fertilisers of cultivating surface of lid, can make mycelial growth even, and can prevent living contaminants.
Mycelial cultivation: will inoculate good bacterium bag and in time change culturing room over to, temperature is controlled at 20～25 ℃, and air humidity is controlled at 60～70%, general mycelia began to sprout about 2 days, ventilation every day 2 times, each 30min, after 25～35 days, the Asparagus mycelia can be covered with bag.
Described fruiting period management: comprise
A) mycelium stimulation: with scratching machine or manual old bacterial classification piece and the mycoderma removed;
B) urge flower bud: condition of culture such as control nutrition, humidity, temperature, illumination, air, impel original hase to form;
C) all educate and suppress all to educate: condition of culture such as control nutrition, humidity, temperature, illumination, air, impel mushroom flower bud differentiation branch, make Asparagus stem length neat and consistent, tissue tight, the milky white of volume look;
D) increase illumination: the Asparagus fruit body has very strong phototropism, can induce stem long to photoproduction with certain illumination, makes its volume increase and improves quality;
For fruit body is neatly sent from the composts or fertilisers of cultivating surface, carry out mycelium stimulation in the Asparagus process of growth; Mycelium stimulation is exactly with scratching machine or manual old bacterial classification piece and the mycoderma removed; The normal sack of generally speaking should first mycelium stimulation silk growing, the growth of mycelium stimulation silk is relatively poor again, if obvious pollution is arranged, not scratch to good.Exemplary mycelium stimulation method has flat scratches, scrapes to scratch and gentlely scratch severally, does not do qualification among the present invention.Flat scratching not injuring charge level, only an old bacterial classification pulled down, and this method fruiting morning, a number are many; Scrape that to scratch be to become bulk to wipe off together to the top layer of old bacterial classification and 5mm material, reach mycelia due to wound, fruiting evening, a number minimizing generally need not; It is to utilize high pressure draught that old bacterial classification is blown off that gas is scratched, and this kind method is the easiest.
Will in time urge flower bud behind the mycelium stimulation, this phase temperature is controlled at 10～15 ℃, gives enough low temperature stimulations, impels original hase to form.But in first three days, also should keep 90～95% relative air humidity, so that mycelia recovers growth.After this because breathing turns to rise, and carbon dioxide content raises, so mycelia recovers should progressively strengthen ventilation after the growth, to prevent the charge level drying simultaneously, carry out humidification, about about 7 days with humidifier, just can see the mushroom flower bud as the roe, just can see the fruit body blank about 12 days, urge flower bud to finish.
Room temperature should be controlled at about 8 ℃ after Asparagus was buddingged, and air humidity 85～90% is broken up branch with short mushroom flower bud in low temperature environment.When the mushroom bud grows to 1cm, change the inhibition stage over to, temperature is transferred to 4～8 ℃, air humidity 85～90%, gas concentration lwevel gives 2～3 hours ventilation and illumination simultaneously every day below 0.10%, impels Asparagus stem length neat and consistent, tissue tight, the milky white of volume look.Aim at fruit body with gentle breeze and brush the growth that suppresses fruit body.Under the brushing of low temperature and cold wind, though the fruit body poor growth is very neat, strong, strong.Treat that fruit body grows sack 3cm, can stretching bacterium bag.
The condition of culture of described each vegetative stage of clear-white gold needle mushroom
A) nutrition: mainly comprise carbon source, nitrogenous source, mineral salt and growth hormone;
B) humidity: the mycelial growth developmental stage, the moisture content of composts or fertilisers of cultivating is 63～70%; Sporophore growth stage relative air humidity is 85～95%;
C) temperature: 5～30 ℃ of the temperature ranges of mycelial growth, 20～25 ℃ of preferred temperature; 5～19 ℃ of the temperature ranges in sporophore growth stage, 8～13 ℃ of preferred temperature;
D) illumination: the mycelial growth stage does not need illumination, and the sporophore growth stage needs scattered light;
E) air: the mycelial growth stage keeps the plantation surrounding air fresh; Fruit body differential period gas concentration lwevel must be lower than 0.6%, and fruit body primordium forms the back carbonic acid gas and is controlled at 0.1～0.15%;
F) pH value: mycelial growth stage pH value is controlled at 4～8, and preferred 5～7, optimum about 6.
The Asparagus required nutrient component of each stage of growing can be divided into carbon source, nitrogenous source, mineral salt and growth hormone four big classes, Asparagus is a kind of wood decay fungi, there is not chlorophyll in its body, can not carry out synthetic its required nutrition of photosynthesis, nutraceutical nutrient is main in decomposition, the absorption composts or fertilisers of cultivating but rely on.
Humidity is different to the influence in the growth and development process of golden mushroom mycelium and fruit body, and the moisture that the mycelial growth developmental stage needs is less, and the moisture content about 65% of composts or fertilisers of cultivating should not surpass 70%; The composts or fertilisers of cultivating moisture content is too high or too low all can to influence mycelial growth, and then the base-material gas permeability is bad to contain dilutional hyponatremia, and the mycelial growth growth can be suppressed, even stagnates.The Asparagus sporophore growth stage, the moisture environment of having relatively high expectations, relative air humidity should be increased to 85～95%, is beneficial to the formation of Asparagus fruit body and grows.
Temperature is the key factor that control Asparagus mycelia and fruit body form.Asparagus is the low form mushroom, is kind the most cold-resistant in the edible mushroom, so the title of dried mushroom is arranged.The Asparagus mycelia can grow in 5～30 ℃ of scopes, and 20～25 ℃ of optimal temperatures are higher or lower than this temperature range, and mycelial growth will be slow, and the Asparagus mycelia is more low temperature resistant, also can not freeze to death under subzero 40 ℃ environment; But the Asparagus high temperature resistant property is relatively poor, and mycelia still can sprout in the time of 30 ℃, but can not material feeding, and surpassing 35 ℃ of mycelia just can autolyze.It is 5～19 ℃ that the Asparagus fruit body forms required temperature range, and the growth preference temperature is 8～13 ℃, when temperature is on the low side, and Asparagus sporophore growth stalwartness, quality better; Temperature drift is then grown thin and weak, and the thin lid of handle is thin, poor quality, and shelf life is short.
Asparagus is the aerobe class, and vegetative stage keeps the plantation surrounding air fresh, and often ventilation makes it robust growth; Fruit body differential period gas concentration lwevel is comparatively responsive, gas concentration lwevel must be lower than 0.6%, otherwise sporophore growth can be suppressed, after fruit body primordium forms, gas concentration lwevel is controlled at 0.1～0.15%, the carbonic acid gas of high concentration helps the growth of mushroom handle slightly, and the restriction cap is grown, and helps improving the commodity value of Asparagus.
The golden mushroom mycelium growth does not need illumination, and the sporophore growth stage needs certain scattered light, but illumination is strong excessively, and then stem is short, and the cap parachute-opening is fast, and color and luster is dark, and fine hair is many, and then the commercial quality of Asparagus seriously reduces; Under the low light level and the dark surrounds, cap and stem lighter color also can suppress the generation of stem base portion fine hair and the formation of pigment simultaneously, help improving the commercial quality of Asparagus.When stem length 0.5～1.0cm, suitably increase illumination, the effect that volume increase is arranged and improve quality.The Asparagus fruit body has very strong phototropism, begins to overlap paper web to results during from mushroom body length 2～3cm, can induce stem to extend to light with certain illumination, therefore, above cultivating stand, hang the bulb of a 15W, produce vertical light, impel the stem elongation every 3～5m.
PH value also is an important indicator in the Asparagus culture environment, and the pH value scope of Asparagus mycelia growth is 4～8, and preferred 5～7 meta-acid and neutral environment are grown to, and most preferred pH value is 6.
When the Asparagus stem reached 12～15cm, bacteria cover diameter reached 1～2cm, the edge curls inward, and not distortion, the stem cap is not the suction shape, and stem root root is distinguished, and is cylindric, the entire body pure white, the mushroom body is solid, when water content is exceeded, is picking time.Gather and a few days ago will check the cap water content,, add forced ventilation, promote water evaporates if moisture is higher.Gather the back part medium and the rejecting of dysgonic mushroom that the stem base portion is connected with medium, use the polythene film bag air extracting seal, low-temperature preservation.Behind the two damp mushrooms, for improving the yield and quality, it is packed bacterial spawn can be deviate from turn around, and also can seal former fruiting sack, opens the other end fruiting.
Discarded object behind the described cultivating flammulina velutipes is also field earth backing processing on the spot, can improve soil quality, improves the fertility of field soil, helps protecting the field and protects soil.
A kind of breeding method of clear-white gold needle mushroom, compared with prior art, adopt the method for cultivation of the present invention, the kind that seed selection is fit to, thermophilic is wide, it is fast to send out bacterium, and fruiting is neat, and the cultivation cycle is short, strong stress resistance, biology efficient height, quality betters etc. have improved the product quality of Asparagus comprehensively, its inherence and presentation quality have been improved, changed traditional cultivation structure and pattern, and implementing bag cultivating, to produce Asparagus look white matter tender, mushroom shape is neat, the mushroom lid is out or half-open hemispherical, the mushroom handle is longer, and the mushroom body is pure white, has high commodity value; Its output height, cycle are short, and cost is low, plants easyly, promote local large-scale planting, the raising cultivation benefit.Clear-white gold needle mushroom bag cultivating technology is for the utilization that improves the booth in winter provides good varieties of plant; The composts or fertilisers of cultivating of planting clear-white gold needle mushroom has simultaneously made full use of crop stalks such as the straw that produces in the agricultural production, wheat straw, wood chip, boll hull, effectively alleviated of the pollution of the flue dust of crop stalk burning generation to atmosphere, using discarded later composts or fertilisers of cultivating is good organic manure, can increase the fertility of soil, improve the air capacity of soils of soil, thereby promote the benign cycle of agricultural production.
Embodiment
Description below by to specific embodiment is described in further detail the specific embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
Asparagus fruit body different parts separates through tissue isolation, i.e. the purification and rejuvenation of kind.
1) strains tested:
| Bacterial strain | I | II | III | IV | V |
| Separated strain | Fruit body stem tissue | Fruit body cap tissue | Fruit body trama tissue | Fruit body cap and stem tissue | The fruit body starting strain |
2) composts or fertilisers of cultivating prescription:
Cotton seed hull 68%, weed tree sawdust 18%, wheat bran 9%, dregs of beans 2%, the plaster of paris 1%, sucrose 1%, urea 0.02%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.1%, magnesium sulfate 0.05% for preventing microbial contamination, adds the quicklime and the how clever bacterium 0.1% of 50% wettable of composts or fertilisers of cultivating gross weight about 1%.
Sieve earlier before weed tree sawdust uses, add cotton seed hull, add water and earlier weed tree sawdust and cotton seed hull are soaked, add then wheat bran, dregs of beans, the plaster of paris, sucrose, urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate,, the how clever bacterium of magnesium sulfate, quicklime and wettable stirs.
Cultivation method:
The composts or fertilisers of cultivating for preparing, its moisture content reaches 65%, composts or fertilisers of cultivating packed in 17 * 35cm low-pressure polyethylene bag, weight in wet base 0.6kg/ bag before the sterilization, 120 ℃ of sterilizations 1.5 hours down, the inoculation of cooling back, mycelia is covered with a bag back fruiting.The fruiting output of each bacterial strain, production cycle are listed as follows:
Each bacterial strain output unit: gram/bag
Annotate: table empty place does not have weighing because of occurring polluting.
The production cycle analysis of control list position of each bacterial strain: day
Annotate: table empty place does not have weighing because of occurring polluting.
The mass data statistical analysis as can be seen, each position of Asparagus fruit body all can be used for separate tissue, the separate tissue strain at each position of fruit body has significant genetic identity on cultivated character.
Embodiment 2
According to the requirement of Asparagus biological property and growing environment, adopt that green house of vegetables is artificial creates a kind of and environment like the natural kind, normal fruiting under the low-temperature condition carries out the scale plantation in the winter time.
1) selection of booth material:
A) growing environment of Asparagus requires darkness, low temperature, the higher environment of humidity, utilize original plastic sheeting for farm use, on plastic sheeting for farm use, add a cover thick straw screen or mat, to reach the shading purpose, for alleviating sleet sky straw screen or mat excessive moisture, pressure to booth is excessive, covering one deck black pvc plastic sheeting for farm use, prolongs the straw screen or mat life-span on straw screen or mat.
B) cover booth with malthoid, have the gap between the malthoid, ventilate, light is moderate, is fit to autumn culture.
2) setting of condition of culture:
A) light: near dark, no direct light;
B) temperature: control each bacterium phase temperature, 22 ℃ of bacteria developing period temperature, 6～15 ℃ of fruiting phase temperature, under the cryogenic conditions, mushroom matter is good, a damp mushroom output height.
C) humidity: the relative air humidity of strict each bacterium phase of control, the air humidity of bacteria developing period are below 70%, and the air humidity of fruiting phase requires 85～95%;
D) ventilate: fruiting strengthens ventilation in earlier stage, cultivates fruit body, and later stage control is ventilated, and suitably improves carbon dioxide content, suppresses the growth of mushroom lid, promotes the elongation of mushroom handle, improves the commercial quality of fruit body.
3) composts or fertilisers of cultivating preparation:
Each component of composts or fertilisers of cultivating is as follows: cotton seed hulls 50%, wood chip 20%, corn flour 10%, wheat bran 10%, dregs of beans 10%, wood chip sieves earlier before using, press extraordinarily water of composts or fertilisers of cultivating butt 1.3, add corn flour, wheat bran, dregs of beans then, and the quicklime of adding composts or fertilisers of cultivating gross weight about 1% mixes.
3) pack sterilization:
With the low-pressure polyethylene sacked material of 18 * a 36 * 0.008cm who seals, composts or fertilisers of cultivating splendid attire height 12cm, charge level compresses, use the fine rule tying, cultivation bag neatly is emitted in the normal-pressure sterilization pot warehouse sterilizes, continue heating 10 hours after temperature all reaches 100 ℃, a stewing night.
4) inoculation and a bacterium:
A) selection of transfer room: select the good room of closed performance as transfer room, and press 10ml/m
3Formaldehyde consumption heating fumigating, through cooling in 6～8 hours, the composts or fertilisers of cultivating temperature was reduced to below 30 ℃ and can be inoculated.
B) inoculation: cultivated species is soaked taking-up in 0.02% liquor potassic permanganate of new preparation, go out a little cultivated species with inoculation hook hook during inoculation, be put into rapidly in the sterilized cultivation bag, tie sack again.
Hand and inoculation hook need the alcohol disinfecting through commonly used 75% during inoculation, prevent cross-infection; For the survival rate that guarantees inoculation reaches more than 98%, must use anion generator during inoculation.
C) send out bacterium: inoculation finishes, and cultivation bag is placed on clean indoor cultivation, and temperature remains on about 22 ℃, changes the cultivation bag upper-lower position weekly, guarantees that mycelia evenly grows, and during mycelia material feeding 4cm, can untie tying rope, increases the oxygen in the bag, promotes mycelial growth.
If be placed directly in and send out bacterium in the booth, must cover the face of land with the monoblock plastic sheeting for farm use, prevent that humidity is excessive in the booth, yield rate is reduced; And to regularly throw the mouse medicine, spray insecticide, prevent mouse, worm harm.Generally through 30 days, mycelia can be covered with in the cultivation bag.
5) cultivation of fruit body:
A) whole furrow row bag: by the wide 1.1m of every furrow, dark 0.05m covers booth, use the dichlorvos killing underground injurious insect with booth, and the cultivation bag of sending out well bacterium is arranged in furrow, embarks on journey bag and bag near discharging during low temperature anyhow; When temperature is higher, the gap of 4cm to be arranged between bag and the bag, so that heat radiation.
B) open bag and urge flower bud: after mycelia in the culture bag sends out completely, can open a bag fruiting.When opening bag, sack is untied warp, sack is higher than about charge level 5cm, every furrow cover sack with the plot film, opening mulch film every day and ventilated 2 hours, pour water in furrow, is that the furrow table is moist fully, guarantee that relative air humidity is between 85～92% in the bag, about 15 ℃ of temperature are urged flower bud.The mushroom flower bud of thickly dotted vegetable seed size appears in charge level after one week.
C) cultivation of fruit body: after buddingging, open mulch film, strengthen the ventilation of booth, temperature is controlled at 5～10 ℃, and relative air humidity is controlled at about 85%, suppresses the growth of mushroom flower bud, cultivates neat healthy and strong fruit body.Through week age, occur the fruit body as the bunchy match stick in the bag, at this moment stretching sack is covered with mulch film again, agitate mulch film every day twice, guaranteeing has certain density carbonic acid gas in the bag,, 6～13 ℃ of control temperature, relative air humidity is controlled at about 90%, impel the growth of mushroom handle, when the Asparagus fruit body is grown to 15～20cm, can gather.Can receive about a damp mushroom 300g for one bag during low temperature.
7) management of two damp mushrooms:
After damp mushroom is gathered, mycelium stimulation, the mushroom body and the old mycoderma of charge level atrophy are removed, and the hole of handling 5 diameter 0.4cm at charge level, every bag of adding contains the nutritive water 150ml of 0.5% sucrose, 0.05% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.1% urea, most unabsorbed moisture carries out the management of the same fruiting subsequently after one day.
Asparagus is secretase albumen in growth and development process, and the degraded composts or fertilisers of cultivating discharges the nutriments that plant absorbing is utilized that are easy to more.Cultivated and contained nutrients such as higher organic matter and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium in the discarded object of Asparagus, also contain the hormone and the trace element that promote plant growing, discarded object is also field earth backing processing on the spot, also can reduce the fertilizer amount of vegetable growing, improve yield of vegetables and quality, improve soil organic matter content, strengthen the anti-fertile ability of vegetables.
The present invention can use without prejudice to the concrete form of spirit of the present invention or principal character and summarize.Above-mentioned embodiment only is can not limit the present invention to explanation of the present invention, and therefore, implication suitable with claims of the present invention and any change in the scope all should be thought to be included in the scope of claims.
Claims (8)
1. the breeding method of a clear-white gold needle mushroom, it is characterized in that: this breeding method comprises the steps:
(1) preparation of bacterial classification;
(2) composts or fertilisers of cultivating preparation;
(3) pack sterilization: composts or fertilisers of cultivating pack back sterilization, sterilization can be carried out any sterilising conditions in the general sterilization standard, this is not done qualification;
(4) inoculation: the temperature of composts or fertilisers of cultivating is inoculated in desinfection chamber or inoculating hood for 20～25 ℃;
(5) mycelial cultivation: condition of culture such as strict control nutrition, humidity, temperature, illumination, air, pH value;
(6) fruiting period management: comprise mycelium stimulation, urge flower bud, all educate and suppress all educating etc., condition of culture such as control nutrition, humidity, temperature, illumination, air;
(7) optimum harvest.
2. the breeding method of a kind of clear-white gold needle mushroom according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the preparation of described bacterial classification, to the Asparagus fruit body with tissue isolation to each position purify, rejuvenation.
3. the breeding method of a kind of clear-white gold needle mushroom according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described composts or fertilisers of cultivating preparation, composts or fertilisers of cultivating comprises medium and nutrients, and wherein said medium contains and is selected from least a in wood chip or the crop stalks such as cotton seed hulls, wheat straw, straw and corncob; Described nutrients comprises one or more in rice bran, dregs of beans, corn flour, sucrose, wheat bran, calcium carbonate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulfate and the gypsum.
4. the breeding method of a kind of clear-white gold needle mushroom according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described composts or fertilisers of cultivating preparation, wood chip will be through the accumulation more than 1 year before using, to often water in the banking process, make its water content reach 60～65%, keep the wood chip humidity, wood chip thickness ratio is: 2～3mm accounts for 20%, 1～2mm accounts for 40%, accounts for 40% below the 1mm.
5. the breeding method of a kind of clear-white gold needle mushroom according to claim 3 is characterized in that: described composts or fertilisers of cultivating preparation, and filling a prescription is: weed tree sawdust 0～32%, crop stalks 0～93% such as cotton seed hulls or wheat straw, straw and corncob, wheat bran 0～20%, corn flour 0～10%, dregs of beans 0～10%, calcium carbonate 0～1%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0～0.2%, magnesium sulfate 0～0.2%, sucrose 1～1.2%, rice bran 0～10%, the plaster of paris 0～1%, urea 0～0.02%.
6. the breeding method of a kind of clear-white gold needle mushroom according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described composts or fertilisers of cultivating preparation, the quicklime of adding composts or fertilisers of cultivating gross weight about 1% in the preparation process.
7. the breeding method of a kind of clear-white gold needle mushroom according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the condition of culture of described each vegetative stage of clear-white gold needle mushroom comprises
A) nutrition: mainly comprise carbon source, nitrogenous source, mineral salt and growth hormone;
B) humidity: the mycelial growth developmental stage, the moisture content of composts or fertilisers of cultivating is 63～70%; Sporophore growth stage relative air humidity is 85～95%;
C) temperature: 5～30 ℃ of the temperature ranges of mycelial growth, 20～25 ℃ of preferred temperature; 5～19 ℃ of the temperature ranges in sporophore growth stage, 8～13 ℃ of preferred temperature;
D) illumination: the mycelial growth stage does not need illumination, and the sporophore growth stage needs scattered light;
E) air: the mycelial growth stage keeps the plantation surrounding air fresh; Fruit body differential period carbonic acid gas is lower than 0.6%, and fruit body primordium forms the back carbonic acid gas and is controlled at 0.1～0.15%;
F) pH value: mycelial growth stage pH value is controlled at 4～8, and preferred 5～7, optimum 6.
8. the breeding method of a kind of clear-white gold needle mushroom according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the discarded object behind the described cultivating flammulina velutipes on the spot also the field earth backing handle.
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