WO2018049662A1

WO2018049662A1 - Cultivation substrate and cultivation method for flammulina velutipes

Info

Publication number: WO2018049662A1
Application number: PCT/CN2016/099274
Authority: WO
Inventors: 王亮
Original assignee: 王亮
Priority date: 2016-09-19
Filing date: 2016-09-19
Publication date: 2018-03-22

Abstract

A cultivation substrate and cultivation method for flammulina velutipes. Wheat bran, animal waste, plant ash, dry dicranopteris, peat soil, and corncobs are selected as substrate materials, and the peat soil is an organic matter-rich substrate material. The fungus planting production period is shortened, the cultivation quality is also superior to that of a traditional pure manure-straw substrate, and the yield and quality of fungus planting can be effectively improved. The cultivation method has simple operations.

Description

Flammulina velutipes cultivation substrate and cultivation method thereof

Technical field

The invention relates to a fungus planting substrate, in particular to a Flammulina velutipes cultivation substrate and a cultivation method thereof.

Background technique

Soilless culture A method of cultivating plants with other things, including hydroponics, fog (gas) culture, and substrate cultivation. A soilless culture method in which a plant substrate is fixed with a solid substrate (medium) and the nutrient solution and oxygen are absorbed through the substrate. There are many kinds of substrates. The commonly used inorganic substrates are vermiculite, perlite, rock wool, sand, polyurethane, etc.; organic substrates include peat, rice husk charcoal and bark. Therefore, substrate cultivation is divided into rock wool cultivation, sand culture, etc., and our agricultural field is also actively conducting research experiments on soilless substrates.

In the agricultural mushroom planting industry, the matrix is the key to ensure the quality of the strain. The high-quality matrix can provide a good ventilation environment and suitable water holding capacity for the strain, and has the characteristics of light weight, convenient transportation, no pests and diseases, and economic and environmental protection of raw materials. At the same time, the quality of the substrate directly affects the growth of planting plants and strains. This has become the focus of continuous research and testing in the field of agricultural matrix research, and the agricultural sector is directly facing the majority of farmers, so it is necessary to consider the cost. How to match a matrix suitable for Flammulina velutipes cultivation with low cost, good yield and good quality is the focus of our research.

Summary of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a Flammulina velutipes cultivation substrate and a cultivation method thereof, and to obtain a suitable Flammulina velutipes strain by considering the cost of the matrix raw material, the matrix nutrient and the ratio of the substrate to the fungus planting. The substrate is planted, and a Flammulina velutipes cultivation substrate and a cultivation method thereof are provided.

The technical scheme of the invention adopts wheat bran, animal manure, grass ash, dry awning, peat soil and corn cob as matrix material, peat soil is a matrix material rich in organic matter, wheat bran, animal manure, grass ash, dry awning Corn cobs, matrix materials are easy to obtain and environmentally friendly for farmers.

The technical solution of the present invention is achieved by the following methods:

The technical solution of the present invention provides a Flammulina velutipes cultivation substrate, and the matrix raw material comprises the following ratios by volume ratio: 5%-20% of wheat bran, 5%-20% of animal feces, 10%-30% of grass ash, 10% of dried awning -15%, peat soil 15%-35%, corn cob 5%-15%; the substrate pH 5.8 ~ 8.0, conductivity 550 ~ 750μs / cm, water holding capacity 55% ~ 70%, air porosity It is 10% to 30%, the total porosity is 50% to 85%, and the bulk density is 0.15 to 0.7 g/cm ³ .

The Flammulina velutipes cultivation substrate raw material also includes the following ratios by volume ratio: wheat bran 18%, animal feces 15%, grass ash 27%, dry awning 10%, peat soil 22%, corn cob 6%.

The Flammulina velutipes cultivation substrate raw material also includes the following ratios by volume ratio: 6% wheat bran, 11% animal feces, and vegetation Gray 33%, dry awning 15%, peat soil 21%, corn cob 14%.

The Flammulina velutipes cultivation substrate raw material also includes the following ratios by volume ratio: wheat bran 15%, animal feces 20%, grass ash 15%, dry awning 14%, peat soil 23%, corn cob 13%.

The Flammulina velutipes cultivation substrate raw material also includes the following ratios by volume ratio: wheat bran 20%, animal feces 12%, grass ash 21%, dry awning 10%, peat soil 28%, corn cob 9%.

Any of the above-mentioned Flammulina velutipes cultivation substrates, the substrate having a pH of 6.0 to 7.5, an electric conductivity of 650 to 700 μs/cm, a water holding capacity of 64% to 67%, an air porosity of 21% to 28%, and a total porosity of 55% to 70%, and the bulk density is 0.25 to 0.50 g/cm ³ .

Any of the above-mentioned Flammulina velutipes cultivation substrates, the wheat bran having a diameter of 0.1 mm to 7 mm, and the peat soil having a diameter of 5 mm to 15 mm, wherein the corn cob is granular and has a diameter of 3 mm to 10 mm.

The animal manure comprises one or more components of dry chicken manure, dry sheep manure, dry cow dung, dry pig manure, and dry horse manure, which are specifically adjusted according to the supply requirements of the raw materials in the geographical area.

The invention also discloses a cultivation method of Flammulina velutipes cultivation substrate,

Formulating the substrate: mixing the matrix materials according to any one of the above items uniformly, adding water and mixing well, holding water amount of 64% to 70%, and then sterilizing and sterilizing in a jar or a plastic bag;

Selection and sowing of strains: purchase conventional Flammulina velutipes strains. When the temperature of the material drops to 22 °C-27 °C, the strains are connected to the medium in the bottle or plastic bag, and each bottle can be connected to 60-70 bottles (bags). ).

Growth period management: After inoculation, the bottle or bag is moved into the culture chamber, and the temperature is controlled at 22 °C ~ 25 °C. After the mycelial growth spreads, the fermentation heat is generated due to the respiration of the hyphae, which is 3 °C ~ 4 °C higher than the room temperature. The room temperature can be 3 ° C ~ 4 ° C lower than the appropriate temperature for mycelial growth; 2 to 3 days after inoculation, the hyphae will start to germinate, and after 10 days, it can spread to the inside of the material. After 25-35 days, the mycelium can Overgrown with whole bottles; due to the accumulation of bacteria in the cultivation process of Flammulina velutipes, it is necessary to carefully check the bacteria stage, and find that the infection of the bacteria should be treated or removed in time to prevent spread and spread;

Management after fruiting: After the hyphae are full, the fungus should be immediately sprayed (that is, the old bacteria on the surface should be scraped off) to promote the formation of the primordium and fruiting bodies; at this time, it is necessary to strengthen the ventilation and maintain a certain amount of scattered light for the bud. to cultivate. After the fruiting body grows out, the temperature is controlled between 8 °C and 14 °C, the relative humidity of the air is maintained at 90% to 95%, and the ventilation is changed slowly; the 15 cm high kraft paper bag is used at the mouth of the bottle or the mouth of the bag. The black cloth covers the doors and windows of the cultivation room, and promotes the growth of the stipe to obtain the mushroom of the small cap. ;

Harvesting period: The harvesting of the general stipe is as long as 13 to 20 cm, and the diameter of the cap is 2 to 3 cm.

The water has a pH of 5.0 to 7.4 and an electrical conductivity of 100 μs/cm to 150 μs/cm.

The substrate cultivation method comprises mushroom stick cultivation.

The invention has the beneficial effects that the field of use of the substrate is mostly in the agricultural field, and the matrix material is easy to obtain, such as wheat bran, animal manure, grass ash, dried mango, corn cob, etc., which are readily available to farmers, and farmers can use There are resources to prepare the substrate, which effectively reduces the cost of the matrix material; at the same time, the substrate material is agricultural environmental protection raw material, no pollution; the traditional substrate uses pure fecal grass matrix, and the matrix is added with peat soil to reduce the fecal grass. Ingredients, shorten the production cycle, and the quality of cultivation is better than the traditional pure fecal substrate, which improves the yield and quality of the fungus. At the same time, the invention discloses a substrate cultivation method, which is simple in operation and convenient for popularization.

detailed description

All terms used herein have the following definitions unless otherwise stated. All percentages used herein are based on volume unless otherwise stated. The terms "comprising," "having," "having," and "having" are meant to have an open meaning, that is, "including but not limited to".

The invention is further described with reference to the following examples. The following examples are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to be limiting.

The embodiment of the invention provides a Flammulina velutipes cultivation substrate and a cultivation method thereof, and the matrix raw material comprises the following ratios by volume ratio: 5%-20% of wheat bran, 5%-20% of animal feces, 10%-30% of grass ash, dry 10%-15% of manggo, 15%-35% of peat soil, 5%-15% of corncob; the pH of the matrix is 5.8-8.0, the conductivity is 550-750μs/cm, and the water holding capacity is 55%-70%. The air porosity is 10% to 30%, the total porosity is 50% to 85%, and the bulk density is 0.15 to 0.7 g/cm ³ .

The wheat bran has a diameter of 0.1 mm to 7 mm, and the peat soil has a diameter of 5 mm to 15 mm. The corn cob is granular and has a diameter of 3 mm to 10 mm.

The cultivation method of the embodiment of the invention: preparing the matrix: mixing the matrix raw materials uniformly, adding water and mixing well, holding water amount of 64% to 70%, and then sterilizing and sterilizing in a jar or a plastic bag.

Growth period management: After inoculation, the bottle or bag is moved into the culture chamber, and the temperature is controlled at 22 °C ~ 25 °C. After the mycelial growth spreads, the fermentation heat is generated due to the respiration of the hyphae, which is 3 °C ~ 4 °C higher than the room temperature. The room temperature can be 3 ° C ~ 4 ° C lower than the appropriate temperature for mycelial growth; 2 to 3 days after inoculation, the hyphae will start to germinate, and after 10 days, it can spread to the inside of the material. After 25-35 days, the mycelium can Overgrown with whole bottles; due to the accumulation of bacteria in the cultivation process of Flammulina velutipes, it is necessary to carefully check the stage of the germination. It is found that the infection of the bacteria should be treated or removed in time to prevent spread and spread;

Harvesting period: The harvesting of the general stipe is as long as 13 to 20 cm, and the diameter of the cap is 2 to 3 cm. .

The matrix has a pH of 6.0 to 7.5, an electric conductivity of 650 to 700 μs/cm, a water holding capacity of 64% to 67%, an air porosity of 21% to 28%, a total porosity of 55% to 70%, and a bulk density of 0.25. ~0.50g/cm ³ . The substrate cultivation method comprises a mushroom rod and a trampoline planting.

A better matrix formulation was obtained by comparing the diameters of the stalk diameter, the length of the stalk, the diameter of the cap, and the yield of the same planting area.

Example 1

Formulation matrix: Flammulina velutipes cultivation substrate raw materials also include the following ratios: wheat bran 18%, animal feces 15%, grass ash 27%, dry awning 10%, peat soil 22%, corn cob 6%. . The substrate had a pH of 7.8, an electrical conductivity of 660 μs/cm, a water holding capacity of 64%, an air porosity of 28%, a total porosity of 56%, and a bulk density of 0.3 g/cm3.

The animal feces contains 100% of dry chicken manure.

Formulation of the matrix: the matrix material is uniformly blended, mixed with water, and the water holding capacity is 64% to 70%, and then sterilized in a jar or a plastic bag.

Management after fruiting: After the hyphae are full, the fungus should be immediately sprayed (that is, the old bacteria on the surface should be scraped off) to promote the formation of the primordium and fruiting bodies; at this time, it is necessary to strengthen the ventilation and maintain a certain amount of scattered light for the bud. to cultivate. After the fruiting body grows out, the temperature is controlled between 8 °C and 14 °C, the relative humidity of the air is maintained at 90% to 95%, and the ventilation is changed slowly; the 15 cm high kraft paper bag is used at the mouth of the bottle or the mouth of the bag. The black cloth covers the doors and windows of the cultivation room, and promotes the growth of the stipe to obtain the long stipe of the small cap. Flammulina.

Example 2

Formulation matrix: Flammulina velutipes cultivation substrate raw materials also include the following ratios: wheat bran 6%, animal feces 11%, grass ash 33%, dry awning 15%, peat soil 21%, corn cob 14%. The substrate had a pH of 7.9, a conductivity of 640 μs/cm, a water holding capacity of 66%, an air porosity of 23%, a total porosity of 60%, and a bulk density of 0.35 g/cm3.

The animal feces contains 100% of dry chicken manure.

Formulating the substrate: mixing the matrix materials uniformly, adding water and mixing well, holding water amount of 64% to 70%, and then sterilizing and sterilizing in a jar or a plastic bag;

Growth period management: After inoculation, the bottle or bag is moved into the culture chamber, and the temperature is controlled at 22 °C ~ 25 °C. After the mycelial growth spreads, the fermentation heat is generated due to the respiration of the hyphae, which is 3 °C ~ 4 °C higher than the room temperature. The room temperature can be 3 ° C ~ 4 ° C lower than the appropriate temperature for mycelial growth; 2 to 3 days after inoculation, the hyphae will start to germinate, and after 10 days, it can spread to the inside of the material. After 25-35 days, the mycelium can Overgrown with whole bottles; due to the accumulation of bacteria in the cultivation process of Flammulina velutipes, it is necessary to carefully check the bacteria stage, and find that the infection of the bacteria should be treated or removed in time to prevent spread.

Management after fruiting: After the hyphae are full, the fungus should be immediately sprayed (that is, the old bacteria on the surface should be scraped off) to promote the formation of the primordium and fruiting bodies; at this time, it is necessary to strengthen the ventilation and maintain a certain amount of scattered light for the bud. to cultivate. After the fruiting body grows out, the temperature is controlled between 8 °C and 14 °C, the relative humidity of the air is maintained at 90% to 95%, and the ventilation is changed slowly; the 15 cm high kraft paper bag is used at the mouth of the bottle or the mouth of the bag. The black cloth covers the doors and windows of the cultivation room, and promotes the growth of the stipe to obtain the mushroom of the small cap.

Example 3

Formulation matrix: Flammulina velutipes cultivation substrate raw materials also include the following ratios: wheat bran 15%, animal feces 20%, grass ash 15%, dry awning 14%, peat soil 23%, corn cob 13%. The substrate had a pH of 8.0, a conductivity of 670 μs/cm, a water holding capacity of 65%, an air porosity of 26%, a total porosity of 57%, and a bulk density of 0.4 g/cm3.

The animal feces contains 30% dry chicken manure, 30% dry cow dung, and 40% dry pig manure.

Selection and sowing of strains: purchase conventional Flammulina velutipes strains, when the temperature drops to 22 ° C -27 ° C, the strains are connected to the bottle or In the medium in the plastic bag, 60 to 70 bottles (bags) can be connected to each bottle of bacteria.

Example 4

Formulation matrix: Flammulina velutipes cultivation substrate raw materials also include the following ratios: wheat bran 20%, animal feces 12%, grass ash 21%, dry awning 10%, peat soil 28%, corn cob 9%. . The substrate had a pH of 7.9, an electrical conductivity of 660 μs/cm, a water holding capacity of 66%, an air porosity of 25%, a total porosity of 57%, and a bulk density of 0.4 g/cm3.

Management after fruiting: After the hyphae are full, the fungus should be immediately sprayed (that is, the old bacteria on the surface should be scraped off) to promote the formation of the primordium and fruiting bodies; at this time, it is necessary to strengthen the ventilation and maintain a certain amount of scattered light for the bud. to cultivate. After the fruiting body grows out, the temperature is controlled between 8 °C and 14 °C, the relative humidity of the air is maintained at 90% to 95%, and the ventilation is changed slowly; the 15 cm high kraft paper bag is used at the mouth of the bottle or the mouth of the bag. The black cloth covers the doors and windows of the cultivation room to promote the growth of the stipe to obtain the length of the small cap. Flammulina velutipes.

Example 5

Matrix: Conventional wood chip medium contains 70% wood chips, 27% rice bran or wheat bran, 1% sucrose, 15% gypsum powder, and 1% calcium carbonate.

Example 6

Matrix: Conventional cottonseed hull medium contains 75% cottonseed husk, 22% rice bran or wheat husk, 1% sucrose, 1% calcium superphosphate, and 1% gypsum powder.

Growth period management: After inoculation, the bottle or bag is moved into the culture chamber, and the temperature is controlled at 22 °C ~ 25 °C. After the mycelial growth spreads, the fermentation heat is generated due to the respiration of the hyphae, which is 3 °C ~ 4 °C higher than the room temperature. The room temperature can be 3 ° C ~ 4 ° C lower than the appropriate temperature for mycelial growth; 2 to 3 days after inoculation, the hyphae will start to germinate, and after 10 days, it can spread to the inside of the material, through 25- For 35 days, the mycelium can grow over the whole bottle; because the cultivation process of Flammulina velutipes is prone to bacteria, it should be carefully checked in the germinating stage, and the infection of the bacteria should be treated or removed in time to prevent spread.

The test data of the growth index of Flammulina velutipes collected according to the above specific examples are as follows:

According to the comparison of the stalk diameter, the length of the stalk, the diameter of the stalk, and the yield of the same planting area of the strains cultivated by different substrates in the above test data, the diameter of the stalk and the length of the stalk of Example 1-4 can be seen from the table. The diameter of the cap is better than that of the examples 5-6, and the yield of the same planting area of the examples 1-4 is also higher than that of the examples 5-6. From the above parameters, the strain data cultivated by the matrix formulated by the technical scheme of the present invention can be seen. It is superior to the conventional Flammulina velutipes cultivation substrate. The matrix material in the technical scheme of the invention is easy to obtain for farmers, the ratioing method is simple, easy to operate, and the yield and quality of the Flammulina velutipes species are improved. At the same time, the invention discloses a substrate cultivation method, which is simple in operation and convenient for popularization.

It should be noted that the above embodiments are only intended to illustrate and not to limit the technical solutions of the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments thereof, those skilled in the art Any modifications or partial substitutions of the spirit and scope of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

The Flammulina velutipes cultivation substrate is characterized in that the matrix raw material comprises the following ratios by volume ratio: 5%-20% of wheat bran, 5%-20% of animal feces, 10%-30% of grass ash, 10%-15% of dried awnings , peat soil 15% -35%, corn cob 5% - 15%; the substrate pH 5.8 ~ 8.0, conductivity 550 ~ 750μs / cm, water holding capacity of 55% ~ 70%, air porosity of 10% ～30%, total porosity is 50% to 85%, and bulk density is 0.15 to 0.7 g/cm 3 .
The Flammulina velutipes cultivation substrate according to claim 1, wherein the matrix raw material comprises the following ratios by volume ratio: wheat bran 18%, animal feces 15%, grass ash 27%, dry awning 10%, peat soil 22% , corn cob 6%.
The Flammulina velutipes cultivation substrate according to claim 1, wherein the matrix raw material comprises the following ratios by volume ratio: wheat bran 6%, animal feces 11%, grass ash 33%, dry awning 15%, peat soil 21%. , corn cob 14%.
The Flammulina velutipes cultivation substrate according to claim 1, wherein the matrix raw material comprises the following ratios by volume ratio: wheat bran 15%, animal feces 20%, grass ash 15%, dry awning 14%, peat soil 23% , corn cob 13%.
The Flammulina velutipes cultivation substrate according to claim 1, wherein the matrix raw material comprises the following ratios by volume ratio: wheat bran 20%, animal feces 12%, grass ash 21%, dry awning 10%, peat soil 28% , corn cob 9%.
The Flammulina velutipes cultivation substrate according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the substrate has a pH of 6.0 to 8.0, an electric conductivity of 650 to 730 μs/cm, and a water holding capacity of 64% to 67%, and air porosity. It is 21% to 28%, the total porosity is 55% to 70%, and the bulk density is 0.25 to 0.50 g/cm 3 .
The Flammulina velutipes cultivation substrate according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the wheat bran has a diameter of 0.1 mm to 7 mm, the peat soil has a diameter of 5 mm to 15 mm, and the corn cob is granular and has a diameter of 3 mm. -10mm.
The Flammulina velutipes cultivation substrate according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the animal feces comprise one or more of dry chicken manure, dry sheep manure, dried cow dung, dry pig manure, and dry horse manure. Composition.
Flammulina velutipes cultivation substrate cultivation method, characterized in that

Formulating the substrate: mixing the matrix materials according to any one of the above items uniformly, adding water and mixing well, holding water amount of 64% to 70%, and then sterilizing and sterilizing in a jar or a plastic bag;

Selection and sowing of strains: purchase conventional Flammulina velutipes strains. When the temperature of the material drops to 22 °C-27 °C, the strains are connected to the medium in the bottle or plastic bag, and each bottle can be connected to 60-70 bottles (bags). );

Growth period management: After inoculation, the bottle or bag is moved into the culture chamber, and the temperature is controlled at 22 °C ~ 25 °C. After the mycelial growth spreads, the fermentation heat is generated due to the respiration of the hyphae, which is 3 °C ~ 4 °C higher than the room temperature. The room temperature can be 3 ° C ~ 4 ° C lower than the appropriate temperature for mycelial growth; 2 to 3 days after inoculation, the hyphae will start to germinate, and after 10 days, it can spread to the inside of the material. After 25-35 days, the mycelium can Overgrown with whole bottles; due to the accumulation of bacteria in the cultivation process of Flammulina velutipes, it is necessary to carefully check the bacteria stage, and find that the infection of the bacteria should be treated or removed in time to prevent spread and spread;

Management after fruiting: After the hyphae are full, the fungus should be immediately sprayed (ie, the old strain of the surface is scraped off) to promote the primordial and son Entity formation; at this time to strengthen ventilation and maintain a certain amount of scattered light for bud culture; after the growth of the fruiting body, the temperature is controlled between 8 ° C ~ 14 ° C, the relative humidity of the air is maintained 90% ~ 95%, and slow Ventilation; cover 15cm high kraft paper bag at the mouth of the bottle or the mouth of the bag or cover the door and window of the cultivation room with black cloth to promote the growth of the stipe to obtain the mushroom with long stipe of the small cap;

Harvesting period: The harvesting of the general stipe is as long as 13 to 20 cm, and the diameter of the cap is 2 to 3 cm.
The method for cultivating a Flammulina velutipes cultivation substrate according to claim 8, wherein the water has a pH of 5.0 to 7.4 and an electric conductivity of 100 μs/cm to 150 μs/cm.