CN101352140B - Dendrobium officinale substrate and planting method - Google Patents
Dendrobium officinale substrate and planting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN101352140B CN101352140B CN2008101204509A CN200810120450A CN101352140B CN 101352140 B CN101352140 B CN 101352140B CN 2008101204509 A CN2008101204509 A CN 2008101204509A CN 200810120450 A CN200810120450 A CN 200810120450A CN 101352140 B CN101352140 B CN 101352140B
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- 241001076416 Dendrobium tosaense Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 title claims description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 11
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 71
- 235000008331 Pinus X rigitaeda Nutrition 0.000 claims description 36
- 235000011613 Pinus brutia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 36
- 241000018646 Pinus brutia Species 0.000 claims description 36
- 240000004638 Dendrobium nobile Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000011609 Pinus massoniana Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000018650 Pinus massoniana Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000010204 pine bark Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019687 Lamb Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 abstract description 4
- 241000026010 Dendrobium candidum Species 0.000 description 28
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 description 6
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Classifications
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- Y02P60/216—
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- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a medium which is suitable for planting dendrobe, particularly planting dendrobium officinale, and a method for utilizing the medium to plant dendrobium officinale. The dendrobium officinale medium comprises an upper medium layer, a middle medium layer and a lower medium layer from top to bottom in sequence; the upper medium layer is deal sawdust, the middle medium layer is the mixture of deal sawdust and peat, and the lower medium layer is the mixture of deal sawdust and deal bark blocks. The dendrobium officinale medium and the plant method of dendrobium officinale have the advantages of wide sources and low cost; the appearance and the quality of the dendrobium officinale obtained with the medium and the method are superior to that of the dendrobium officinale obtained with other mediums.
Description
(1) technical field
The present invention relates to a kind ofly be applicable to the especially matrix of dendrobium candidum plantation of the stem of noble dendrobium, and the method for utilizing this matrix plantation dendrobium candidum.
(2) background technology
The stem of noble dendrobium belongs to aerial orchid section herbaceous plant, is China's tradition rare Chinese medicine, and pharmacopeia mat in the successive dynasties: Shennong's Herbal, supplementary Amplifications of the Compendium of Materia Medica etc. are all on the books; Be used as medicine with fresh or dry stem, have the effect of nourishing Yin and clearing heat, nourishing the stomach to improve the production of body fluid, tonifying kidney and benefiting sperm.The orchid family Dendrobium plant China have 60 approximately surplus kind, mainly be distributed in Zhejiang and south China, southwest and Burma, more, state such as Thailand.Being respectively of pharmacologic action arranged: dendrobium candidum, dendrobium loddigesii Rolfe, stem of Eyeshaped Dendrobium, HERBA DENDROBII and HERBA DENDROBII in the stem of noble dendrobium.Dendrobium candidum claims ribbed hedyotis herb again, is one of famous " Dendrobidium huoshanness " former plant, is considered to top grade in the stem of noble dendrobium, has the enhancing immune function of human body, the effect of control early-stage cancer.Dendrobium candidum is very harsh to growing environment and weather conditional request.For many years, the dendrobium candidum crude drug source depends on wild resource, and long-term excessive collection makes wild resource exhausted and be difficult to meet the need of market, and therefore needs the artificial cultivation dendrobium candidum to meet the need of market.
The matrix species of plantation dendrobium candidum is various at present, and the dendrobium candidum growing way of planting on the common matrix is general, and the method for generally taking to use chemical fertilizer, agricultural chemicals promotes dendrobium candidum growth and prevention and elimination of disease and pests.Because matrix and cultivation method is unreasonable, causes the yield and quality of dendrobium candidum all undesirable.
(3) summary of the invention
For quality and the productive rate that improves dendrobium candidum, increase content of effective, keep its natural organic character, the invention provides and a kind ofly be applicable to the especially matrix of dendrobium candidum plantation of the stem of noble dendrobium, and the method for utilizing this matrix plantation dendrobium candidum.
The technical solution used in the present invention is:
A kind of dendrobium officinale substrate, comprise upper strata matrix, middle level matrix and lower floor's matrix from top to bottom successively, described upper strata matrix is the pine sawdust, and described middle level matrix is the mixture of pine sawdust, peat, and described lower floor matrix is the mixture of pine sawdust and pine bark piece;
Described peat is called the peat composed of rotten mosses or mud coal again, is the minimum coal of degree of coalification, is the most original state of coal.Along with the transformation of surrounding environment, as the increasing of pressure, can make peat become firmer, make it to become smokeless charcoal.Peat is the product of marsh in forming process, also is one of feature of marsh landform.The main source of peat is peat tongue (Peat Moss) or peat moss (Sphagnum), and even but the limnocryptophyte animal that for example dies of other organic substance and the corpse of insect in addition all might become the formation source of peat.
Pine sawdust, peat mass content are respectively 40～90% and 10～50% in the matrix of described middle level.Pine sawdust can derive from the wood chip that the pine grinding and processing produces, long 1～14cm, wide 0.5～6cm, thick 0.1～4cm.
Upper strata matrix, middle level matrix and lower floor's substrates quantity are respectively 15～60 kilograms, 5～30 kilograms, 10～40 kilograms in every square metre of area of matrix of the present invention.
The upper strata matrix of matrix of the present invention, middle level matrix and lower floor's matrix requirement for height are: upper strata 3-20cm, middle level 4-15cm, the 3-15cm of lower floor.The matrix total height is 10-50cm.
The pine of using in the matrix of the present invention is preferably masson pine (Pinus massoniana Lamb).
Sawdust thickness in the matrix of described upper strata is between 10 orders～25 orders.
In the described lower floor matrix, described pine sawdust long 1～14cm, wide 0.5～6cm, thick 0.1～4cm, described pine bark block length 3～10cm, wide 0.5～6cm, thick 0.5～4cm.
Preferred pine sawdust is divided into thick wood chip and two kinds of thin wood chips, wood chip and bark piece derive from pine trunk and the bark (practise claim slab) of pine through processing, the cracker that is respectively 1～4cm and 4～7cm by sieve sheet Circularhole diameter is processed into the pine sawdust and the bark piece of different thicknesses, thick pine sawdust long 3～5cm, wide 1～3cm, thick 0.1～2.0cm; Thin pine sawdust long 1～2cm, wide 0.5～1.5cm, thick 0.1～2.0cm; Bark block length 3～10cm, wide 0.5～6cm, thick 0.5～4cm.Lower floor in mass, thin wood chip accounts for 10%～50%, thick wood chip accounts for 5%～70%, the bark piece accounts for 5%～30%.
The main cause that matrix of the present invention can be cultivated the high-quality dendrobium candidum is that the pine sawdust and the bark piece of lower floor is not perishable, the long-time use can not allow the root system of the stem of noble dendrobium pass through lower floor to run into soil property (stem of noble dendrobium should not touch soil) yet, and wood chip is loose ventilative because of it, maintenance moisture and nutrient that again can be good be fit to the root growth requirement.The peat in middle level also can provide abundant nutrition.The pine sawdust on upper strata is main fertilizer source, and flora is symbiotic reproduction in the above easily, can continually provide organic nutriment, and dendrobium candidum is grown up strong and sturdy.
The invention still further relates to a kind of method of utilizing described dendrobium officinale substrate plantation dendrobium candidum, described method comprises:
(1) whole furrow: the wide 100～140cm of furrow, the furrow width 30～70cm between furrow, furrow length is according to the length decision of booth;
(2) lay matrix: each square metre furrow face is evenly laid 10～40 kilograms of lower floor's matrix, 5～30 kilograms of middle level matrix, 15～60 kilograms of upper strata matrix from bottom to top; Highly be upper strata matrix 3～20cm, middle level matrix 4～15cm, the matrix 3～15cm of lower floor, the requirement of total height 10-50cm is laid.It is conscientious careful to need in the time of laying, to place uniformly naturally matrix, can not too push, and keeps the loose and ventilation of matrix.
(3) plantation: the dendrobium candidum seedling is cave plantation by 2～4 strains, transfer 8～20cm, and advance 10～30cm also should note during plantation keeping the loose of matrix, also will guarantee the firm of seedling root simultaneously; The tissue culture propagating seedling is adopted in described candidum tissue culturing seedling breeding.Growing dendrobium generally carries out in spring, because of spring high humidity, rainfall bigger, plantation easily survives.
(4) cultivate: cultivate under the intensity of illumination condition of the air humidity in 85%～90%, 5000～20000LX, until stem of noble dendrobium maturation, the branch stem is solid full.Gathering before the annual spring Mo rudiment is the best, cuts ripe stem branch when gathering, and stays tender stem by its continued growth.
The beneficial effect of dendrobium officinale substrate of the present invention and cultivation method thereof is mainly reflected in: dendrobium officinale substrate wide material sources, with low cost; Utilize the dendrobium candidum that obtains of matrix of the present invention and method cultivation, in quality appearance with all be better than the dendrobium candidum that other matrix is planted qualitatively.
(4) embodiment
The present invention is described further below in conjunction with specific embodiment, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited in this:
Embodiment 1:
The dendrobium candidum plantation:
(1) whole furrow: whole silicon in a booth, the booth width is 8m, length 60m.Press the whole wide 140cm of furrow of size of booth, the long 60m of furrow, the furrow width 50cm between furrow;
(2) matrix is formed:
Lower floor's matrix: pine (masson pine, Pinus massoniana Lamb, down together) trunk and pine are through the bark (practise and claim slab) of processing, pine sawdust and bark piece that the cracker that is respectively 1～4cm and 4～7cm by sieve sheet Circularhole diameter is processed into different thicknesses are made lower floor's matrix, thick pine sawdust long 3～5cm, wide 1～3cm, thick 0.1～2.0cm; Thin pine sawdust long 1～2cm, wide 0.5～1.5cm, thick 0.1～2.0cm; Bark block length 3～10cm, wide 0.5～6cm, thick 0.5～4cm.Lower floor in mass, thin wood chip accounts for 30%, thick wood chip accounts for 40%, the bark piece accounts for 30%.
Middle level matrix: pine sawdust derives from the wood chip that the pine grinding and processing produces, and (thick 0.1～2cm), peat derives from the natural nutrition peat of the Northeast for long 1～3cm, wide 1～3cm.In mass, pine sawdust accounts for 60%, and peat accounts for 40%.
Upper strata matrix: the sawdust source by being processed into the pine powder, requires the sawdust uniform and smooth for the pine trunk.The sawdust thickness is between 10 orders～25 orders.
Lay matrix:
Each square metre furrow face is evenly laid 50 kilograms of lower floor's matrix, 30 kilograms of middle level matrix, 20 kilograms of upper strata matrix from bottom to top; It is conscientious careful to need in the time of laying, to place uniformly naturally matrix, can not too push, and keeps the loose and ventilation of matrix.
(3) plantation: according to the size of booth, drop into about tissue cultivating seedling 27000 strains, the dendrobium candidum seedling is cave plantation by 2～4 strains, transfer 15cm, and advance 20cm also should note during plantation keeping the loose of matrix, also will guarantee the firm of seedling root simultaneously; The tissue culture propagating seedling is adopted in described candidum tissue culturing seedling breeding.Dendrobium candidum plantation is generally carried out in spring, because of spring high humidity, rainfall bigger, plantation easily survives.
(4) cultivate: cultivate under the intensity of illumination condition of the air humidity in 85%～90%, 5000～20000LX.
In order further to determine the effect of matrix of the present invention and cultivation method, done following test: plant dendrobium candidum seedling 1kg in variant matrix in mid-March, according to above-mentioned cultivation method, under equal conditions, carry out cultivation management, extract with root in November, measure output after shaking off matrix, the observation analysis growing state.Result of the test proves: different substrates is very big to the influence of dendrobium candidum output, and it the results are shown in Table 1.
The contrast of different cultivation matrixes of table 1 and dendrobium candidum output
By reality plantation with observe contrast, the dendrobium candidum that adopts this matrix and cultivation method is in quality appearance and all be better than the dendrobium candidum that other matrix is planted qualitatively.
Claims (5)
1. dendrobium officinale substrate, comprise upper strata matrix, middle level matrix and lower floor's matrix from top to bottom successively, described upper strata matrix is the pine sawdust, and described middle level matrix is the mixture of pine sawdust, peat, and described lower floor matrix is the mixture of pine sawdust and pine bark piece;
Pine sawdust, peat mass content are respectively 60% and 40% in the matrix of described middle level.
2. stem of noble dendrobium matrix as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described upper strata matrix, middle level matrix and lower floor's substrates quantity are respectively 10～40 kilograms, 5～30 kilograms and 15～60 kilograms in every square metre of area of described matrix; Highly be upper strata matrix 3～20cm, middle level matrix height is 4～15cm, and lower floor's matrix height is 3～15cm.
3. dendrobium officinale substrate as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the sawdust fineness degree in the matrix of described upper strata is 10 orders～25 orders.
4. dendrobium officinale substrate as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described pine is masson pine (Pinus massoniana Lamb).
5. dendrobium officinale substrate as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that described lower floor matrix is that 30% thick pine sawdust, 40% thin pine sawdust and 30% pine tree skin bit mix described thick pine sawdust long 3～5cm, wide 1～3cm, thick 0.1～2.0cm by mass content; Described thin pine sawdust long 1～2cm, wide 0.5～1.5cm, thick 0.1～2.0cm; Described pine bark block length 3～6cm, wide 1～3cm, thick 0.5～4cm.
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