CN104604659B - A kind of cultivation matrix and a kind of cultural method of dendrobium candidum plant for being used to improve dendrobium candidum plant polyoses content - Google Patents
A kind of cultivation matrix and a kind of cultural method of dendrobium candidum plant for being used to improve dendrobium candidum plant polyoses content Download PDFInfo
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- CN104604659B CN104604659B CN201510070378.3A CN201510070378A CN104604659B CN 104604659 B CN104604659 B CN 104604659B CN 201510070378 A CN201510070378 A CN 201510070378A CN 104604659 B CN104604659 B CN 104604659B
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- 241000026010 Dendrobium candidum Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 85
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- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 21
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/23—Wood, e.g. wood chips or sawdust
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of cultivation matrix and a kind of cultural method of dendrobium candidum plant for being used to improve dendrobium candidum plant polyoses content.The upper strata of cultivation matrix provided by the present invention for improving dendrobium candidum plant polyoses content is wood chip and SiO2The mixed-matrix of powder, lower floor is wooden unit, and the wooden unit particle diameter is 0.5cm~4.0cm.The cultural method for the dendrobium candidum plant that the present invention is provided, by the plantation of dendrobium candidum plant into described cultivation matrix, before early or mid August, when the cultivation matrix water content is down to 80%, watered to the cultivation matrix until the lower floor of the cultivation matrix drips；After mid or late August, it is down to 50% when the cultivation matrix water content and just waters, and only water the upper strata of the cultivation matrix, and increases potash fertilizer；Mid or late August, monthly once, until harvesting, every mu is applied 3 kilograms of potassium chloride to application of potash fertilizer every time.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of cultivation of plants and its cultural method, and in particular to one kind is used to improve dendrobium candidum plant
The cultivation matrix of polyoses content and a kind of cultural method of dendrobium candidum plant.
Background technology
Dendrobium candidum (Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo) is China's traditional Chinese medicine, is orchid family
(Orchidaceae) medicinal plant rare in Dendrobium (Dendrobium), is distributed mainly on Guizhou, Yunnan, Guangxi, river
The ground such as west, Anhui and Hunan.According to《Compendium of Materia Medica》Record, dendrobium candidum have " cure mainly in wound, tonifying five zang organs consumptive disease, strong cloudy strengthening the essence,
In mending never sufficient, flat stomach gas, long muscle intelligence development remove shy, macrobiosis of making light of one's life by commiting suicide the effect of effect ".According to version in 2010《The Chinese people are total to
With state's pharmacopeia》Record, dendrobium candidum has the effects such as reinforcing stomach reg fluid and nourishing Yin and clearing heat, is usually used in pyreticosis Tianjin wound, dry polydipsia, stomach
Asthenic yin, deficiency of food retch, after being ill abnormal heat do not move back, fire excess from yin deficiency, hectic fever due to yin labor heat, mesh secretly fail to understand and the disease such as muscles and bones impotence treatment.
Its stem is used as medicine, and to treatment pharyngolaryngitis, improves body immunity or even suppression tumour all with remarkable result, has won fame both at home and abroad
Health-care good product.
Dendrobium candidum is strict to growing environment requirement, the warm cool high humidity area of 250-900 meters of height above sea level is distributed in mostly, by small
The influence of the climatic factors such as relative humidity, temperature, illumination in environment is larger, due to needing to have little understanding to its growing environment, people
Work cultivation is more difficult, wild resource is relied primarily on for a long time, current dendrobium officinale resource is endangered.Dendrobium candidum
It is《Wild plant international trade pact in imminent danger》Protection species and China second class protection endangered plants, be to forbid trade in the world
Easy.The regularity of distribution including polysaccharide in Different Organs main to the research in terms of dendrobium candidum water-soluble polysaccharide at present, carry
Take, separate, purifying and key component Structural Identification, and in terms of pharmacological effect, result of study shows different planting
The polyoses content of lower dendrobium candidum can be variant.
Modern medicine study proves that the polysaccharide in dendrobium candidum can significantly improve human body SOD levels, reduces LPO levels, energy
Promote T cell growth, so as to play a part of that enhancing is immune and anti-aging, have to tonic after old man, cancer patient chemicotherapy
Significant effect.There is good, definite curative effect in terms for the treatment of diabetes, cataract, chronic pharyngitis.Authorization Notice No.
Patent for CN102172152B using illumination, temperature, fertilizer while sprayed, water is poured, sound stimulation, and just sprouted with reference to bud
Send out time control flower bud and the method to flowering parts manual removal bud carries out cultivation management, as a result show that this method can be improved
The content of polysaccharide in dendrobium candidum, but this method complex operation, are unfavorable for industrialization production application.
Accordingly, it is desirable to provide a kind of method is simple, and the matrix of the content of polysaccharide in dendrobium candidum stem can be significantly improved
And cultural method.
The content of the invention
Therefore, the present invention propose it is a kind of can solve the above problems it is at least one of it is new be used for improve iron sheet stone
The cultivation matrix of dry measure used in former times plant polyoses content and a kind of cultural method of dendrobium candidum plant.
According to an aspect of the invention, there is provided a kind of cultivation base for being used to improve dendrobium candidum plant polyoses content
Matter, it is characterised in that：The upper strata of described cultivation matrix is wood chip and SiO2The mixed-matrix of powder, lower floor is wooden unit, and institute
Wooden unit particle diameter is stated for 0.5cm~4.0cm.
Alternatively, according to an embodiment of the invention, it is characterised in that：Described wood chip includes pine and/or China fir
The wood chip produced after wood processing.
Alternatively, according to an embodiment of the invention, it is characterised in that：The wooden unit includes pine and/or China fir.
Alternatively, according to an embodiment of the invention, it is characterised in that：In the mixed-matrix, per kilogram wood
Contain 1~2 gram of SiO in bits2Powder.
There is provided a kind of cultural method of dendrobium candidum plant according to another aspect of the present invention, it is characterised in that：Will
In cultivation matrix of the dendrobium candidum plant plantation into claim 1-4 described in any one,
Before early or mid August, when the cultivation matrix water content is down to 80%, water to the cultivation matrix until
The lower floor of the cultivation matrix drips,
After mid or late August, it is down to 50% when the cultivation matrix water content and just waters, and only water the cultivation matrix
Upper strata, and increase potash fertilizer,
Mid or late August, monthly once, until harvesting, every mu is applied 3 kilograms of potassium chloride to application of potash fertilizer every time.
Alternatively, according to an embodiment of the invention, it is characterised in that：Described cultivation matrix is by following component group
Into：Upper strata is wood chip and SiO2Powder mixed-matrix, lower floor is wooden unit, and wooden unit particle diameter is 0.5cm~4.0cm.
Alternatively, according to an embodiment of the invention, it is characterised in that：Contain 1~2 gram in wood chip described in per kilogram
SiO2Powder.
Provided by the present invention for the cultivation matrix for improving dendrobium candidum plant polyoses content and a kind of dendrobium candidum plant
Cultural method can at least significantly improve the content of polysaccharide in dendrobium candidum stem.
Embodiment
The invention provides many applicable creative concepts, the creative concept can be reflected in a large number of on specific
Hereinafter.Specific embodiment described in following embodiments of the present invention is only as embodiment of the invention
Exemplary illustration, and be not meant to limit the scope of the invention.
Inventor has found, in seedlings of Dendrobium officinale after the test tube seedling of germ-free condition is transplanted to outdoor, the choosing of cultivation matrix
The growth conditions influence selected for dendrobium candidum plant is larger, and the cultivation matrix in the present invention uses hierarchical structure：Upper strata is wood
Crumbs powder, lower floor is wooden unit, and wooden unit particle diameter is 0.5cm~4.0cm, and on the basis of above-mentioned matrix, inventor unexpectedly sends out
After now a certain amount of nanosized SiO_2 is mixed with the wood chip powder on upper strata, contain for the growth conditions and polysaccharide of dendrobium candidum plant
Amount influence is larger；In addition, it is conventional cultivate dendrobium candidum plant to keep cultivation matrix humidity (optimum humidity requirement 80% with
On), and the present inventor has been found that, the dendrobium candidum plant polyoses content composition cultivated using above-mentioned conventional method is relatively low, it is impossible to
Demand of the market to high polyoses content dendrobium candidum plant is met, on the contrary, humidity (is reduced to by the humidity of control cultivation matrix
50%), i.e., the polyoses content in dendrobium candidum plant can be increased on the contrary, this may be with control to cultivation matrix water spray frequency reduction
Absorption of the dendrobium candidum processed to moisture can stimulate the increase of polyoses content in dendrobium candidum plants stems relevant；The present inventor also sends out
It is existing, potash fertilizer is sprayed in moment after dendrobium candidum plantlet of transplant, dendrobium candidum plant polyoses content can also be improved.
Polysaccharide (polysaccharide) is the sugar chain combined by glycosidic bond, at least to be constituted more than more than 10 monose
Polymerization sugar polymeric carbohydrate, can be represented with formula (C6H10O5) n.Polysaccharide is not a kind of pure chemical substance, and
It is the mixture of the different material of extent of polymerization.Polysaccharide is typically water insoluble, no sweet taste, it is impossible to form crystallization, no reproducibility
And mutarotation.Dendrobium polysaccharide is mainly made up of monose such as glucose, galactolipin, xylose, rhamnose and mannoses, due to difference
Had differences between the stem of noble dendrobium, so the monosaccharide component and content of polysaccharide are also not quite similar between the different stems of noble dendrobium.Wherein, in dendrobium candidum
Polysaccharide is mainly made up of D- xyloses, L-arabinose and D-Glucose etc..
Nano silicon (SiO2) it is one of ultra tiny New Inorganic Materials of extremely important high-tech, because of its particle diameter very
Small, specific surface area is big, and superficial attractive forces are strong, and surface can be big, and chemical purity is high, dispersive property is good, has in terms of thermal resistance, resistance
Special performance, with its superior stability, reinforcing, thickening property and thixotropy, shows unique characteristics in numerous subjects and field,
Do not replace.
Specifically, provided by the present invention for the cultivation matrix of raising dendrobium candidum plant polyoses content：Described cultivation
Training matrix is made up of following matrix：Upper strata is the mixing material of wood chip powder and nanosized SiO_2, and thickness is 2~4cm, and lower floor is wood
Block, and wooden unit particle diameter is 0.5cm~4.0cm,
Described wood chip powder is preferably pine wood chip powder, Chinese fir wood crumbs powder, or pine wood chip and China fir wood chip
Mixing, wood chip pulls draining out after using the preceding about 1min with clear water infiltration, standby untill wood chip no longer drips.
The wooden unit of described lower floor is preferably pine and/or China fir, and wooden unit need to cleaned up and dripped with clear water before
Go standby after moisture；
Described Nano-meter SiO_22It can independently prepare, the Nano-meter SiO_2 in commercially available prod, the present invention can also be bought2It is commercially available
Product.
Described wood chip powder and Nano-meter SiO_22The compound method of mixing material is：Wood chip powder after each kilogram of draining
Add 1g~2g Nano-meter SiO_22It is mixed evenly.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a kind of cultural method for being used to improve dendrobium candidum plant polyoses content.
The inventors discovered that, by dendrobium candidum test tube transplantation of seedlings is supreme state cultivation matrix after, pressed before early or mid August
Normal management, waters when cultivation matrix water content is down to 80%, and is poured when watering untill the lower floor of cultivation matrix drips, 8
After the middle ten days and the last ten days moon, just watered when cultivation matrix water content is down to 50%, and only water overlayer matrix, the too high meeting of frequency of watering
Cause seedling root rot, even if seedling early growth is in good condition, the polyoses content of the stem of seedling is relatively low.In addition, in iron sheet stone
During dry measure used in former times plant strain growth, mid or late August, application of potash fertilizer is administered once a month, and until harvesting, every mu is applied chlorine every time
Change 3 kilograms of potassium, inventor is had found, dendrobium candidum stem can be promoted to dendrobium candidum plant application of potash fertilizer in specific growth phase
The synthesis of portion's polysaccharide.
Specifically, it is provided by the present invention for the cultural method for improving dendrobium candidum plant polyoses content：
1. dendrobium candidum test tube seedling is transplanted to cultivation matrix：Described cultivation matrix is consisted of the following composition, and upper strata is wood
Crumbs powder and Nano-meter SiO_22Mixing material, thickness is 2~4cm, and lower floor is wooden unit, and wooden unit particle diameter is 0.5cm~4.0cm；
2. by dendrobium candidum test tube transplantation of seedlings is supreme state cultivation matrix after, before early or mid August press normal management, i.e.,
Water, and poured when watering untill the lower floor of cultivation matrix drips when cultivation matrix water content is down to 80%, mid or late August it
Afterwards, just watered when cultivation matrix water content is down to 50%, and only water overlayer matrix；
3. in seedlings of Dendrobium officinale growth course, application of potash fertilizer mid or late August, is administered once a month, until adopting
Receive, every mu is applied 3 kilograms of potassium chloride every time.
Further, described wood chip powder is preferably pine wood chip powder and/or Chinese fir wood crumbs powder, and wood chip is being used
Draining is pulled out after the preceding about 1min with clear water infiltration, it is standby untill wood chip no longer drips；The wooden unit of described lower floor is preferably
Pine and/or China fir wooden unit, wooden unit are standby after it need to be cleaned up before with clear water and drain moisture；Described Nano-meter SiO_22
It can independently prepare, the Nano-meter SiO_2 in commercially available prod, the present invention can also be bought2It is commercially available prod；Described wood chip powder and
Nano-meter SiO_22The compound method of mixing material is：Wood chip powder after each kilogram of draining adds 1g~2g Nano-meter SiO_22Mixing
Stir.
Dendrobium candidum test tube seedling described above is the in vitro cuttings cultivated using method for tissue culture, cultivation cycle
The continued growth into outdoor cultivation matrix is transplanted after 1 year, certainly, also wild seedlings of Dendrobium officinale above-mentioned cultivation can be applied
Training matrix and cultural method are bred.
The humidity of described matrix can be monitored using humidity measurement instrument, when being watered to matrix, using spraying
Formula is watered mode, to ensure that the humidity of cultivation matrix is homogeneous.
Due to the cost control to dendrobium candidum in reproductive process, Nano-meter SiO_2 should be rationally controlled2Usage amount, consumption
It is bigger than normal to cause unnecessary economic waste.
Beneficial effects of the present invention：
1. carrying out officinal dendrobium stem plantation using heretofore described cultivation matrix and method, growth conditions are good, will not
The phenomenons such as generation excessive growth, in addition, stem's polyoses content reaches as high as 43%, meet market to many sugar amounts containing high dendrobium candidum
The demand of product；
2. it with the addition of Nano-meter SiO_2 in the cultivation matrix of the application2, due to its special surface area and physiological action, to iron
The accumulation of skin dendrobium plant stem polyoses content serves facilitation, and Nano-meter SiO_22Have no toxic side effect, the iron sheet cultivated
The stem of noble dendrobium can trust edible；
3. the dendrobium candidum plant disease resistance of the heretofore described cultivation method of application strengthens, agriculture is greatly reduced
The usage amount of medicine；
4. by the inventive method cultivation of dendrobium officinale plant, the collecting time of dendrobium candidum can do sth. in advance more than 1 month, i.e.,
From annual November ahead of time to October；
5. the inventive method is by controlling the composition and its humidity of cultivation matrix to contain with the polysaccharide for improving dendrobium candidum plant
Amount, cultivation matrix composition is easy to get, this method have controllability, it is simple to operate, the characteristics of easily standardize.
Following experimental examples are used to further prove the effect of the present invention, but it is not intended that the scope of the present invention are reduced
Property understand.
Experimental example
Influence of the cultivation matrix of experimental example 1 to dendrobium candidum Reducing sugar and polyoses content
1. the preparation of dendrobium candidum test tube seedling
(1) explant pasteurization material derives from the dendrobium officinale in Guizhou.A height of 3~5cm healthy plant is selected, is used
Blade cuts stem section, first cleans the whole young stem with leaf and leaf sheath with volume fraction for 70% alcohol degreasing absorbent cotton, then shell
Remove inferior leads and leaf sheath, leave parcel stem apex 1~2 leaf, 1g/L mercuric chloride (plus 2 drop polysorbas20 in soak 8min, 100g/L
NaCl0 solution in 20min, distillation washing 4~5 times, with the knife back extrusion stem apex be inoculated with.
(2) culture medium and condition of culture：Adventitious bud induction culture base is 1/2MS+3.0mg/L6-BA+0.75mg/L NAA+
100g/L coconut palm breast+7.Og/L agar+25g/L sucrose, every 50 days subcultures 1 time.
(3) culture of rootage：When seedling, to grow to 2~3cm high, has 3~4 blades, during 3~4 roots, seedling is moved into and taken root
Culture medium is cultivated.Every kind of culture medium moves into 100 plants of seedling.
(4) condition of culture：The pH value 5.8 of culture medium, illumination cultivation room temperature (25 scholar 2) DEG C, intensity of illumination 2000lx, light
According to time 12h/d.
2. the transplanting of dendrobium candidum test tube seedling
Selection height is 3~4cm, the cultivation matrix relaying shown in the dendrobium candidum test tube transplantation of seedlings to table 1 of 2~5 roots
Continuous culture, every kind of cultivation matrix transplants 100 plants of seedlings of Dendrobium officinale.When carrying out test tube transplantation of seedlings, the culture of root is first removed
Base, and remnants culture medium is washed with clear water, then transplanted with strain spacing 5cm into dish for cultivating.
The structure of the cultivation matrix of table 1
3. the management after dendrobium candidum test tube transplantation of seedlings
Normal management is pressed before August 10, i.e., is watered when cultivation matrix water content is down to 80%, and poured when watering to
Untill the lower floor of cultivation matrix drips, after August 10, just watered when cultivation matrix water content is down to 50%, and only water
Overlayer matrix, and potash fertilizer is increased, No. 10 beginnings of August are monthly periodically applied once, and until harvesting, every mu is applied potassium chloride 3 every time
Kilogram.
4. the measure of polysaccharide content of dendrobium candidum
4.1 sample treatment
Sample is dried in 60 DEG C of baking ovens, is crushed, and crosses 60 mesh sieves.Each iron sheet stone solution sample coarse powder 0.25g is taken to add oil
Ether (60~90 DEG C) 100ml, refluxing extraction 1h degreasings.Filtering, volatilizes solvent, adds 80% ethanol 100m L refluxing extractions 1h and takes advantage of
Heat filtering, volatilizes solvent, adds distilled water 100m L refluxing extractions 2 times, and each 1h is filtered while hot, and merging filtrate, constant volume is arrived
250ml measuring bottles, with phenol Sulphuric acid Colorimetry content, are tested parallel 3 times.
4.2 linear relationships are investigated
The DEXTROSE ANHYDROUS reference substance 100mg that precision weighs dry constant weight is dissolved in water and is settled to 100mI, and precision is drawn
10ml, is diluted with water and is settled to 100ml, every 10 μ l μ g containing glucose 1, precision absorption 0.1,0.2,0.4,0.8,1.0ml, point
It is not placed in tool plug test tube, respectively adds distilled water to 2.Oml, then add phenol test solution 1.0ml, shakes up, be rapidly added the concentrated sulfuric acid
5.Oml, places 5min, boiling water bath heating 15min, taking-up is quickly cooled to room temperature, separately using distilled water 2.Oml as sky after shaking up
In vain, operated with method, absorbance is determined at 490rm, the regression equation of absorbance and concentration is obtained：C=6.71062A+0.00549,
R=0.99965.There is good linear relationship in 0~0.1mg.
4.3 color stabilities are tested
Essence takes a certain sample solution 0.2ml, is diluted with water to 2.OmI, then adds phenol test solution 1.0mI, shakes up, is rapidly added
Concentrated sulfuric acid 5.0mI, places 5min boiling water baths heating 15min and takes out and is quickly cooled to room temperature after shaking up, separately using distilled water 2.Oml as
Blank, with method operation, determines absorbance at 490rm, and extinction is determined respectively 0,10,20,40,60,80,100,120min
Degree.As a result show that the colour developing is stable in 2h.
4.4 precision test
Essence takes 0.1g/L glucose solution 0.2mI, is diluted with water to 2.OmI, separately takes 2.OmL water to oppose
According to remaining operation ibid, is determined 5 times.As a result show, RSD1.6%.
4.5 replica test
5 parts of same sample is taken, sample solution is extracted according to Polyose extraction step in sample, each sample solution is drawn respectively
0.2mL is diluted with water to 2.OmI to test tube, and remaining operation ibid, determines absorbance, as a result shown, RSD 1.8% (n=5).
4.6 average recoveries are tested
A certain sample is taken, precision adds iron sheet stone solution essence polysaccharide 25mg and extracted according to Polyose extraction step in sample
Sample solution, draws 0.2ml to test tube, is diluted with water to 2.0m I, and remaining operation ibid, is determined 5 times, average to return
Yield 97.35%, RSD4.2%.
5. the growth conditions and polyoses content of dendrobium candidum plant
Show from the result shown in table 2：Preferably, the stem of plant is thicker for Plant state in cultivation matrix 1 and 4, and plants
Seedling root is flourishing, survival rate to 100%；And in cultivation matrix 3,5, seedling early growth state is poor, blade excessive growth phenomenon is tight
Weight, and stem is thinner, and survival rate is relatively low, it is seen then that structure and the composition composition of cultivation matrix are very necessary, and this may be with
The growth characteristics of dendrobium candidum are relevant.
Show from the result shown in table 3：Seedling polyoses content in it with the addition of the cultivation matrix of Nanometer SiO2 powder is bright
Aobvious rise, wherein, biennial seedling polyoses content is up to 41.87, it is seen that Nanometer SiO2 powder is for Growth of Dendrobium candidum shape
Facilitation is played in the increase of state and polyoses content.
The growth conditions of the seedlings of Dendrobium officinale of table 2
The polyoses content of the seedlings of Dendrobium officinale of table 3
| Cultivation matrix | It is annual | It is biennial | Average value |
| 1 | 33.78 | 40.45 | 37.12 |
| 2 | 27.45 | 29.33 | 28.39 |
| 3 | 25.93 | 31.43 | 28.68 |
| 4 | 35.65 | 41.87 | 38.76 |
| 5 | 26.89 | 32.66 | 29.78 |
Influence of the humid control and potash fertilizer of the cultivation matrix of experimental example 2 to dendrobium candidum plant polyoses content
1. the preparation of dendrobium candidum test tube seedling
The preparation method of dendrobium candidum test tube seedling is identical with experimental example 1.
2. dendrobium candidum test tube transplantation of seedlings
Selection height is 3~4cm, the dendrobium candidum test tube transplantation of seedlings of 2~5 roots continues training into following cultivation matrixes
Support, every kind of cultivation matrix transplants 400 plants of seedlings of Dendrobium officinale.When carrying out test tube transplantation of seedlings, the culture medium of root is first removed, and
Remnants culture medium is washed with clear water, then is transplanted with strain spacing 5cm into dish for cultivating.
The composition of the cultivation matrix of table 4
3. the management after dendrobium candidum test tube transplantation of seedlings
After by 400 plants of transplanting to above-mentioned cultivation matrixes of dendrobium candidum test tube seedling, it is divided into after five groups of developments are transplanted and manages real
Test：
First group：Normal management is pressed before early or mid August, is watered when cultivation matrix water content is down to 80%, and pour
Poured during water untill the lower floor of cultivation matrix drips, the frequency of watering after mid or late August to matrix is 10 days 1 time (humidity guarantor
Hold 60% or so), and overlayer matrix is only watered, in addition, increasing potash fertilizer, mid or late August, it is administered once a month, until adopting
Receive, every mu is applied 3 kilograms of potassium chloride every time.
Second group：Normal management is pressed before early or mid August, is watered when cultivation matrix water content is less than 80%, and pour
Poured during water untill the lower floor of cultivation matrix drips, the frequency of watering after mid or late August to matrix is 3 days 1 time (humidity holding
More than 85%) overlayer matrix is watered, and only, in addition, increase potash fertilizer (can be applied according to the technology of those of ordinary skill in the art
Fertilizer), mid or late August, it is administered once a month, until harvesting, every mu is applied 3 kilograms of potassium chloride every time.
3rd group：Normal management is pressed before early or mid August, is watered when cultivation matrix water content is less than 80%, and pour
Poured during water untill the lower floor of cultivation matrix drips, the frequency of watering after mid or late August to matrix is 5 days 1 time (humidity holding
More than 80%) water, and only overlayer matrix, in addition, and increase potash fertilizer, mid or late August, be administered once a month, until adopting
Receive, every mu is applied 3 kilograms of potassium chloride every time.
4th group：Normal management is pressed before early or mid August, is watered when cultivation matrix water content is less than 80%, and pour
Poured during water untill the lower floor of cultivation matrix drips, the frequency of watering after mid or late August to matrix is 13 days 1 time (humidity guarantor
Hold 50% or so), and only water overlayer matrix, in addition, and increase potash fertilizer, mid or late August, be administered once a month, until
Harvesting, every mu is applied 3 kilograms of potassium chloride every time.
5th group：Normal management is pressed before early or mid August, is watered when cultivation matrix water content is less than 80%, and pour
Poured during water untill the lower floor of cultivation matrix drips, the frequency of watering after mid or late August to matrix is 16 days 1 time (humidity guarantor
Hold 35% or so), and only water overlayer matrix, in addition, and increase potash fertilizer, mid or late August, be administered once a month, until
Harvesting, every mu is applied 3 kilograms of potassium chloride every time.
4. the measure of polysaccharide content of dendrobium candidum
Assay method is identical with experimental example 1.
5. influence of the humidity of cultivation matrix to seedlings of Dendrobium officinale polyoses content
Polyoses content as shown in Table 5 can be seen that the humidity influence seedlings of Dendrobium officinale polyoses content of cultivation matrix,
After August part, when the humidity of overlayer matrix is more than 80%, once, polyoses content is reduced such as 3 days or 5 days water sprays on the contrary, is planted
Strain state is also poor, and this is probably to synthesize relevant because the increase of water supply in media suppresses polysaccharide in plant.And when soil humidity drop
Rewatered to 35%, due to serious water shortage the phenomenon that blade locally turns yellow occurs for plant, it is seen then that the reasonable control of humidity is to seedling
Growth and polysaccharide content influence it is larger.
In addition, it was also found that during dendrobium candidum plant is bred using the 4th group of planting type, the morbidity of disease
Probability is substantially reduced, and this reduces the usage amount of agricultural chemicals, it is ensured that the security that the seedlings of Dendrobium officinale cultivated is eaten；
And cellar culture mode is harvested in annual November, and the dendrobium candidum plant that the 4th group of planting type is cultivated is used in plant
Highly, October can harvest in terms of polyoses content, Reducing sugar, it is seen that picking time is also advanced by one month.
Influence of the control water scheme of the cultivation matrix of table 5 to dendrobium candidum plant polyoses content
| Cultivation management | Annual plant polyoses content | Plant state |
| First group | 31.69 | Base of the plant is thicker, leaf width |
| Second group | 27.88 | Base of the plant is elongated, and plant has bad root phenomenon |
| 3rd group | 29.76 | Base of the plant is elongated, and plant has bad root phenomenon |
| 4th group | 35.99 | Base of the plant is thicker, leaf width |
| 5th group | 28.33 | Base of the plant is shorter and thin, and leaf locally turns yellow |
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
Selection height is 3~4cm, continue to cultivate in the following cultivation matrixes of dendrobium candidum test tube transplantation of seedlings of 2~5 roots,
Upper strata is pine wood chip and SiO2 mixed-matrix, wherein being per kilogram pine wood chip SiO2 containing 2g, lower interbed is pine wood
Block, thick 4.0cm；Transplant 100 plants of seedlings of Dendrobium officinale.When carrying out test tube transplantation of seedlings, the culture medium of root is first removed, and with clearly
Water washes remnants culture medium, then is transplanted with strain spacing 5cm into dish for cultivating.
By dendrobium candidum test tube transplantation of seedlings is supreme state cultivation matrix after, before early or mid August press normal management, plant
Training water content of substrate waters when being less than 80%, and is poured when watering untill the lower floor of cultivation matrix drips, after mid or late August,
Just watered when cultivation matrix water content is less than 50%, and only water overlayer matrix, and increase potash fertilizer, mid or late August, often
The moon is applied once, until harvesting, and every mu is applied 3 kilograms of potassium chloride every time.Determine many according to the method for experimental example 1 after transplanting 2 years
Sugared content is 43.12%.
Embodiment 2
Selection height is cultivated for continuation in the following cultivation matrixes of dendrobium candidum test tube transplantation of seedlings of 3-4cm, 2-5 bar root, on
Layer is pine wood chip and SiO2 mixed-matrix, wherein being per kilogram China fir wood chip SiO2 containing 1g, lower floor is China fir wooden unit, thick
3.5cm；Transplant 100 plants of seedlings of Dendrobium officinale.When carrying out test tube transplantation of seedlings, the culture medium of root is first removed, and it is clear with clear water
Wash remnants culture medium off, then transplanted with strain spacing 5cm into dish for cultivating.
By dendrobium candidum test tube transplantation of seedlings is supreme state cultivation matrix after, before early or mid August press normal management, plant
Training water content of substrate waters when being less than 80%, and is poured when watering untill the lower floor of cultivation matrix drips, after mid or late August,
Just watered when cultivation matrix water content is less than 50%, and only water overlayer matrix, and increase potash fertilizer, mid or late August, often
The moon is applied once, until harvesting, and every mu is applied 3 kilograms of potassium chloride every time.Determine many according to the method for experimental example 1 after transplanting 2 years
Sugared content is 40.89%.
Embodiment 3
Selection height is cultivated for continuation in the following cultivation matrixes of dendrobium candidum test tube transplantation of seedlings of 3-4cm, 2-5 bar root, on
Layer is the mixed-matrix of pine wood chip, China fir wood chip and SiO2, and the composition of wherein mixed-matrix is：0.5kg pines wood chip,
0.5kg China firs wood chip, 1g SiO2, above-mentioned three kinds of matrix components are mixed, and lower floor is China fir wooden unit, thick 3.5cm；Transplant 100 plants of iron
Skin stem of noble dendrobium seedling.When carrying out test tube transplantation of seedlings, the culture medium of root is first removed, and washes with clear water remnants culture medium,
Transplanted again with strain spacing 5cm into dish for cultivating.
By dendrobium candidum test tube transplantation of seedlings is supreme state cultivation matrix after, before early or mid August press normal management, plant
Training water content of substrate waters when being less than 80%, and is poured when watering untill the lower floor of cultivation matrix drips, after mid or late August,
Just watered when cultivation matrix water content is less than 50%, and only water overlayer matrix, and increase potash fertilizer, mid or late August, often
The moon is applied once, until harvesting, and every mu is applied 3 kilograms of potassium chloride every time.Determine many according to the method for experimental example 1 after transplanting 2 years
Sugared content is 40.89%.
Embodiment 4
Selection height is cultivated for continuation in the following cultivation matrixes of dendrobium candidum test tube transplantation of seedlings of 3-4cm, 2-5 bar root, on
Layer is the mixed-matrix of pine wood chip, China fir wood chip and SiO2, and the composition of wherein mixed-matrix is：0.5kg pines wood chip,
0.5kg China firs wood chip, 1g SiO2, above-mentioned three kinds of matrix components are mixed, and lower floor is the mixing of China fir wooden unit and pine wooden unit, thick
4.0cm；Transplant 100 plants of seedlings of Dendrobium officinale.When carrying out test tube transplantation of seedlings, the culture medium of root is first removed, and it is clear with clear water
Wash remnants culture medium off, then transplanted with strain spacing 5cm into dish for cultivating.
By dendrobium candidum test tube transplantation of seedlings is supreme state cultivation matrix after, before early or mid August press normal management, plant
Training water content of substrate waters when being less than 80%, and is poured when watering untill the lower floor of cultivation matrix drips, after mid or late August,
Just watered when cultivation matrix water content is down to 45%, and only water overlayer matrix, and increase potash fertilizer, mid or late August, often
The moon is applied once, until harvesting, and every mu is applied 3 kilograms of potassium chloride every time.Determine many according to the method for experimental example 1 after transplanting 2 years
Sugared content is 42.89%.
Embodiment 5
1. the extraction of Dendrobium officinale polysaccharide
The seedlings of Dendrobium officinale cultivated using the method for embodiment 2 is taken, Hou Zaiqu stems is dried and is processed into powder through 95%
After ethanol and acetone extraction, plus 20 times of water, the water-bath 1h at a temperature of 90 DEG C, residue is extracted 3 times repeatedly.Filtering, merging filtrate subtracts
Concentration is pressed, 95% ethanol precipitation of 4 times of volumes 4~6 times is redissolved, concentrates, dialyses, freezed, obtains stem of noble dendrobium Thick many candies.Weigh
0.2g stem of noble dendrobium Thick many candies samples are dissolved in 20ml distilled waters, are placed in 40ml centrifuge tubes, by sample solution and de- protein reagent body
Product is than being 4：1 adds Sevag reagent (isoamyl alcohol：Chloroform is 1：4) 5ml, vibrates 3000r/min centrifugations 20min under 2min, normal temperature,
Supernatant is taken to repeat aforesaid operations, until de- albumen is complete.On reset and add 4 times of 95% ethanol, collect sediment successively with absolute ethyl alcohol,
Acetone and ether washing, fling to solvent, are dried in vacuo to obtain semifinished product, be dissolved in hot water, filter off insoluble matter.Concentration, dry the stem of noble dendrobium
Thick many candies.
2. the purifying of Dendrobium officinale polysaccharide
Weigh 1.0g stem of noble dendrobium Thick many candies to be dissolved in 50ml water, DEAE- cellulose columns (3.6cm × 70cm) loading in batches, so
Eluted successively with water, 0.05mol/L, 0.1mol/L, 0.2mol/L, 0.3mol/L and 0.5mol/L NaCl solution afterwards, part
Collect instrument to collect, with 1.5 times of eluents, column temperature is 12 DEG C, and flow velocity is 2ml/min.Each eluting peak collects merging respectively, depressurizes dense
Water-wash section bag filter desalination after contracting, salt washes part Sephadex G-10 gel column chromatography desalinations, concentrates again, freezes,
As a result the purifying dendrobium polysaccharide of different component is obtained.
3. the influence of Dendrobium officinale polysaccharide Number of Peripheral Blood Leucocyte number
Take inbred mice NIH36 only, every 18~20g of body weight is randomly divided into 3 groups, every group 12, male and female half and half, difference
For blank control group, model control group and Dendrobium officinale polysaccharide group.
1st day, every mouse peritoneal injection 0.5ml physiological saline of blank control group, model control group and dendrobium polysaccharide group
Every mouse peritoneal injection endoxan 1.5mg.
Since the 2nd day, until the 10th day, the daily every Mouse oral Dendrobium officinale polysaccharide 0.5mg of dendrobium polysaccharide group, sky
The physiological saline of white control group and the oral equivalent of experimental comparison group.
11st day, blood is taken in the armpit of mouse.As a result show, Dendrobium officinale polysaccharide can forcefully offset experiment condition
The violent decline of peripheral leukocytes caused by the addition of lower Immunosuppressant Cyclophosphamide, eliminates its destructive secondary work
With.Compared with blank control group, Dendrobium officinale polysaccharide can be obviously improved peripheral white blood cell.
It should be noted that the present invention will be described rather than limits the invention for above-described embodiment, and this
Art personnel can design alternative embodiment without departing from the scope of the appended claims.In claim
In, any reference symbol between bracket should not be configured to limitations on claims.Word "comprising" is not excluded for depositing
In element or step not listed in the claims.Word "a" or "an" before element do not exclude the presence of it is multiple this
The element of sample.The use of word first, second, and third does not indicate that any order.These words can be construed to title.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of cultural method for improving dendrobium candidum plant polyoses content, it is characterised in that：The plantation of dendrobium candidum plant is arrived
In cultivation matrix,
Before August 10, when the cultivation matrix water content is down to 80%, watered to the cultivation matrix until described plant
The lower floor of training matrix drips；
After August 10, it is down to 50% when the cultivation matrix water content and just waters, and only waters the upper strata of the cultivation matrix,
And increase potash fertilizer；
No. 10 beginnings of August, monthly once, until harvesting, every mu is applied 3 kilograms of potassium chloride to application of potash fertilizer every time；
The upper strata of described cultivation matrix is wood chip and Nano-meter SiO_22The mixed-matrix of powder, lower floor is wooden unit, and wooden unit grain
Footpath is 0.5cm~4.0cm.
2. a kind of cultural method for improving dendrobium candidum plant polyoses content according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Institute
The wood chip stated includes the wood chip produced after pine and/or China fir processing.
3. a kind of cultural method for improving dendrobium candidum plant polyoses content according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Institute
Stating wooden unit includes pine and/or China fir.
4. a kind of cultural method for improving dendrobium candidum plant polyoses content according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
In the mixed-matrix, 1~2 gram of Nano-meter SiO_2 is contained in per kilogram wood chip2Powder.
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| CN108551999A (en) * | 2018-06-14 | 2018-09-21 | 安徽省霍山县农伯乐开发有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods promoting polyoses content in stem of noble dendrobium stalk |
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