CN103907456A - Konjak seed propagation technology free of overwintering sand storage - Google Patents
Konjak seed propagation technology free of overwintering sand storage Download PDFInfo
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- CN103907456A CN103907456A CN201310726980.9A CN201310726980A CN103907456A CN 103907456 A CN103907456 A CN 103907456A CN 201310726980 A CN201310726980 A CN 201310726980A CN 103907456 A CN103907456 A CN 103907456A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a konjak seed propagation technology free of overwintering sand storage and belongs to the field of expanded breeding of plant seeds. Over 3kg of konjak corms are used as propagation materials, an operation method is simple, easy to operate, and convenient to use, and the technology is suitable for scientific research, crossbreeding and popularization and application of broad konjak planters. The technology is an innovative technology capable of accelerating a konjak propagation course, during application, the phase of wet sand seed storage overwintering is not required, users are only required to rinse picked konjak seeds and store the picked konjak seeds at a low temperature, according to a conventional seed propagation method, the konjak seeds can be propagated into F1-generation seed corms (vegetative propagation seeds) in the current year when the seeds are picked, and production links and expenses of a conventional technology of wet sand seed overwintering storage are saved. Meanwhile, a rate of seed emergence is increased from 85% to 98.5% and corresponds to increasing of 13.5% of a seed use ratio, propagated seed corms can enter large-field commodity production one year in advance, situations of shortage of production seeds are eased, and effects are obvious.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of konjaku seed exempt to survive the winter propagation technique of husky storage.
Background technology
Konjaku edible nourishing is worth high, has good health-care effect, simultaneously in medicine, agricultural, aircraft manufacturing, oil, cosmetic, weaving, the manufacture field tool such as electroplate, brewage and have been widely used.With its distinctive nutritive value and edible health effect, listed in one of development of the West Regions key project by State Council approved, be also 21 century one of vegetable basket project.
No matter konjaku is produced the extensive state of in semi-wild, sporadicly, only planting for a long time, artificial planting history only had about 20 years, and technical research accumulation is few, and production technology is generally backward, and national per mu yield level is 800kg left and right only.In recent years, along with the progressively expansion of the market demand, planting technology is backward, planting benefit is poor, the contradiction of strained market supply is more outstanding.Breed breeding work lags behind, and the whole nation only has five preferred kinds such as " Wanyuan elephant-foot yam ", " Hunan taro No. ".In recent years, along with the understanding of people to konjaku effect and purposes, product development utilization deepens continuously, stimulate development, the planting scale of konjaku industry to expand year by year, plantation level improves constantly, and productivity effect manifests by ashamed, has become characteristic leading industry in some places.
But traditional konjaku implantation methods adopts to sell and stays greatly little or breed with taro whip, long-term vegetative propagation, causes kind of sexual involution very serious, and plantation stem tuber is year by year little, plants taro resistance reduced year by year, and disease is serious, and some places cause crushing loss.And microspecies taro current growth coefficient is little, directly affect the raising of output and the development of industry.
Konjaku seed exempt from the to survive the winter propagation technique of husky storage is to solve to produce upper a large amount of high-qualitys, high, the healthy seed resource of purity be badly in need of.Seed exempt from the to survive the winter propagation technique of husky storage is to strengthen kind of a property, produces high-quality konjak fine breed is provided for large area, improves the most effective crucial approach technology of konjaku plantation Yield and quality, economic benefit.Also be to carry out in konjaku kind and the basis of interspecific cross breeding simultaneously.
Most critical be existing seed survive the winter the propagation technique of husky storage be late June by the seed of gathering (berry), be placed in trailing plants basket, repeatedly wash by rubbing with the hands and remove pericarp, pulp, floats flat grain, and the full seed that sinks to trailing plants basket bottom is taken out and dried.Then, 1 part of seed is mixed and mixed thoroughly with the moistening fine sand of 4-5 part, husky humidity is pinched agglomerating with hand, and that touches can fall apart for well.Then, kind of the husky wet husky seed mixing is packed into and in wooden case, is placed on ground kiln or imbeds storage in hole to the sowing in 5～June of the 2nd year, wasted like this breeding age, make to produce and totally postponed 1 year with the time of kind.
From retrieving domestic and international pertinent literature: find no and konjaku seed exempt from the to survive the winter report of propagation technique identical content of husky storage.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to propose a kind of konjaku seed exempt to survive the winter propagation technique of husky storage, can solve in current general planting technology, long-term employing stem tuber amagaspecies sexual involution is serious, kind taro resistance is poor, disease weight, too small with planting, yield poorly and unstable, plantation economic benefit is low and produce by kind of the technical problem lagging behind.
Realize the object of the invention technical scheme as follows:
Seed selection: before falling seedling, konjaku select plant sturdy, leaf green stalwartness, the slotting mark of strain that petiole base diameter reaches more than 8cm stays note to give in advance kind.When receipts are dug, more than selecting that terminal bud is sturdy and reaching 8cm compared with garden, length, smooth surface is anosis, worm, scar, single kind of stem weight reach 3kg above using the propagating materials of the propagation technique as the husky storage of exempting to survive the winter.
Planting bulb basks seeds: when the kind taro preserving sowing before sowing, be exposed to the sun 1～2 day, improve germinating capacity, again with 500 times of seed soaking 30min of 500 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powders or 50% thiophanate methyl wettable powder, also can be with airing after 75% tpn wettable powder and 1500 times of immersion kind 30min of 72% agricultural streptomycin.
Selection of land: selection of land gesture is more slow, the deep soft plot of soil layer is seed-breeding field.On the plot of choosing, execute 50～100kg lime disinfection for every mu, then press 180cm trench digging furrow, the high 15～18cm of furrow.
Outdoor seminal propagation: ditch, dig cave plantation konjaku 4 row at ridge face, will select the konjak corm (propagating materials) of the above weight of 3kg, ditch or dig cave by the seeding row spacing of 35cm × 30cm, a kind konjaku is put in every cave, and every mu of kind is planted konjaku 6350 strains.After planting go up the soil of blinding 13cm left and right.Yielding positive results due to kind of a konjaku is by konjaku autotrophy, so only need a small amount of organic extra-nutrition.In the time that konjaku floral axis is all extracted out, execute with potato class special fertilizer 25g+ potassium sulfate 15g flour mixed with adulterants for every mu, the 11～15cm that then earths up, and in furrow cover stalk, careless moisturizing.
Indoor seminal propagation: select the reasonable work intercropping seed collecting of light chamber, first husky carefully wetting of indoor ground place mat one deck 5cm, by the distance between rows and hills seeding taro of 30 × 35cm.Every hundred square metres of seed collecting chambers can 952 kind taros of seeding, after sequencing kind, and upper cover 18cm left and right thin wet husky.Treat that floral axis extracts out, then more than the sand that will wet is added to 40cm, the omnidistance sandy soil that keep of fertility are moistening.Indoorly do not apply fertilizer.Flowering stage opened door and window by konjaku, allows fly class insect enter indoor propagation pollen.
Management: before konjaku spathe opens, be watered 50～100kg and 77% with the 1000 ten thousand agricultural streptomycin sulphates of unit and can kill to obtain 1000 times of mixed liquors of wetting powder, 75% 500 times of tpn wetting powders liquid and the 1000 ten thousand agricultural streptomycin sulphates of unit are watered the rotations such as 50～100kg and are used alternatingly, and application method can be with spraying, fill with method for root.
Florescence indoor and outdoor breeding all will keep the temperature of 24 ℃ and 64% humidity, is conducive to improve pollination and ripening rate.
Artificial pollination: artificial pollination all will be carried out in indoor and outdoor.After perianth opens, and give out stink, the accessory organ of flower carries out artificial supplementary pollination while secreting viscosity, transparent crystal pearl.
Technique effect of the present invention is, elephant-foot yam is at indoor and outdoor exempt from the to survive the winter propagation technique of husky storage, adopt macrospecies taro more than 3kg to make propagating materials, the high advantage of performance macrospecies taro fruiting rate, guarantees strain number by rational close planting, employ one's time to the best advantage and space, guarantee suitable temperature and humidity of florescence, do a good job of it artificial supplementary pollination, strengthen the extermination of disease and insect pest, the complex arts such as cultivation and banking, obtain purer compared with the registered seed of high-quality to greatest extent.
Applicant one is that the clear and definite elephant-foot yam seed of research exempts to survive the winter the propagation technique of husky storage to the importance of producing; The 2nd, kind of taro balance meassurement has been determined and is exempted from elephant-foot yam to survive the winter best to plant taro weight be that 2000g is the bigger the better above for the propagation technique of husky storage; The 3rd, density test has determined that elephant-foot yam seed exempt from the to survive the winter reasonable planting density of propagation technique of husky storage is indoor every hundred square metres of plantation 952 strains, every 667 square metres of plantations 6350 strains left and right, outdoor field; The 4th, determine that elephant-foot yam seed exempt from the to survive the winter propagation technique florescence temperature humidity of husky storage is respectively more than 24 ℃ and 64%; The 5th, artificial supplementary pollination test is clear and definite, and elephant-foot yam seed exempts from that the survive the winter propagation technique of husky storage can improve fruiting rate 31.3%; The 5th, production link and the expense that can exempt routine techniques " wet husky seed storage for the winter " through experimental study, percentage of seedgermination has brought up to 98.5% by 85% simultaneously, be equivalent to increase by 13.5% seed availability, the kind bulb of breeding can be carried and enter land for growing field crops commodity production the previous year, alleviates and produces by kind of a short supply state.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described further.
Elephant-foot yam seed exempt from the to survive the winter propagation technique key of husky storage is done a good job of it eight aspects, and the one, select kind more than taro 2000g; The 2nd, bask seeds and medicament seed soaking; The 3rd, indoor and outdoor combines; The 4th, rational close planting; The 5th, pay attention to diseases and pests controlling: the 6th, the florescence guarantees that suitable temp. and humidity seven is to strengthen human assistance to award ground rice work; The 8th, strengthen the field of each phase of seminal propagation and manage, impelling the excellent seeds of many knot purity high-quality of blooming more, guarantee that Production of Large Fields needs.
1.; Select qualified breeding kind taro: before falling seedling, konjaku select plant sturdy, leaf green stalwartness, the slotting mark of strain that petiole base diameter reaches more than 8cm stays note to give in advance kind.When receipts are dug, select terminal bud sturdy compared with garden, length reach that 8cm is above, smooth surface is anosis, worm, scar, single kind of stem weight reach more than 2000g as sexual propagation kind taro.Plant after taro is chosen and will gently remove and put down gently, air dry is (weight subtracts 15% left and right) about 10～15 days, and keeping is for subsequent use.
2. selection of land and crop rotation
Konjaku wide adaptability, cloudy Keep away from sun is afraid of cold, is liked to happiness temperature, happiness is wet, and fearness is steeped, the fertile fearness of happiness is thin, like the sour alkali of being afraid of.Should select soil layer deep fertile, organic matter, ventilative good, the neutral micro-acid of draining, the ground, gentle slope that physical features is smooth are loosened, are rich in to quality.Konjaku is afraid of continuous cropping, and every 3 years crop rotations once, and are adhered to not and solanaceous crops interplanting, just can be alleviated the incidence of konjaku disease.
3. medicament seed soaking sterilization,
Can wet-milling with 50% thiophanate methyl or the pulvis processing such as 50% carbendazim wettable powder by the kind taro of choosing.Then case or lie in the ground stacking that is covered with stalk or millet straw, one deck konjaku one deck stalk, grass can even be put 2～3 layers, preferably only put 2 layers of konjaku upper cover stalk, millet straw insulation on the ground as stacked.On the be placed on bamboo tower of higher height above sea level, keeping is survived the winter, and forbids to cover and plant a taro on the ground without underbed or with plastic film, woven bag, avoids the rotten kind of maintaining period.
4. entirely, bedding
Outdoor, on the plot of choosing, execute 50～100kg lime disinfection for every mu, then press 120cm trench digging furrow, the high 15～18cm of furrow.Plant 4 row.
Indoor: select the reasonable work intercropping seed collecting of light chamber, the first thin wet sand at indoor ground place mat one deck 5cm, by the distance between rows and hills seeding taro of 25x25cm, after kind taro sequences and plants, the thin sand that wets of upper cover 18cm left and right.Treat that floral axis extracts out, then more than the sand that will wet is added to 40cm, the omnidistance sandy soil that keep of fertility are moistening.Indoorly do not apply fertilizer.Flowering stage opened door and window by konjaku, allows fly class insect enter indoor propagation pollen.
5. begin sowing in good time
No matter seed exempt from the to survive the winter propagating materials of propagation technique of husky storage is field or indoor plantation, all should sow in spring at early March～late March.
6. plant the bulb sterilization of basking seeds; Before sowing, bask seeds 1～2 day, improve germinating capacity, again with after 500 times of seed soaking 30min of 500 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powders or 50% thiophanate methyl wettable powder, or sow with airing after 75% tpn wettable powder and 1500 times of immersion kind 30min of 72% agricultural streptomycin.
7. propagating materials kind bulb thickness of sowing; Outdoor field seminal propagation density is with seeding row spacing 35 × 30cm, and 6350 strains of mu strain number are advisable, and indoor seminal propagation density is advisable with every hundred square metres of seedings 952 strain kind taros.
8. plant bulb chamber, inside and outside management;
The one, outdoor in the time that konjaku floral axis is extracted out, after manually weeding out the rank grass, execute with potato class special fertilizer 25g+ potassium sulfate 15g flour mixed with adulterants in every cave again, then 11～the 15cm that earths up, and in furrow cover stalk or grass, covering can prevent antecedent soil moisture, reduce weeds and disease occurs, suppressing ground temperature changes, can prevent again soil erosion loss, keep soil soft, be beneficial to konjaku and grow;
The 2nd, prevent and treat soft rot and southern blight, before konjaku spathe launches, be watered 50～100kg and 77% with the 1000 ten thousand agricultural streptomycin sulphates of unit and can kill to obtain 1000 times of mixed liquors of wetting powder, 75% 500 times of tpn wetting powders are watered the rotations such as 50～100kg with the 1000 ten thousand agricultural streptomycin sulphates of unit and are used alternatingly, application method can be according to PD, the methods such as available spraying, filling root.
The 3rd, florescence indoor and outdoor (field seminal propagation) temperature keeps more than 24 ℃ humidity to remain on more than 64%, can improve significantly pollination, fruiting rate.
The 4th, artificial supplementary pollination improves pollination fruiting rate.Concrete grammar is after perianth opens, and stinks, and when the appendix of flower secretes viscosity, the transparent smart shape globule, writing brush is stretched in perianth, moving around inflorescence stamp up and down, and pollen is dropped on pistil stigma.After the moisturizing of closing the doors and windows when indoor pollination waits perianth to naturally droop is afterwards solid, peel off perianth, be beneficial to fruit maturation.
9. gather in the crops seed (berry) in good time,
In field or the female fringe full maturity of indoor konjaku, berry just can be gathered in the crops seed after becoming orange colour by green, is generally from top to bottom ripe successively, and graded carries out in batches, Qin's bar mountain area harvest time is generally in late June-early July, and while selecting fine day dry, results better.General each female fringe result number, determine with the size of kind of taro, the kind taro about 1000g only has the berry of 150 left and right, 250-320 grain seed; The kind taro of 2000g has the berry of 400 left and right, 800 seeds; The kind taro of 12000g can more than 1100 berry of result, more than 2000 seed, after 2 years the seed of this kind of taro can for one mu of land for growing field crops kind.
10. seed treatment: by the seed of gathering (berry), be placed in trailing plants basket, repeatedly wash by rubbing with the hands and remove pericarp, pulp, float flat grain, the full seed that sinks to trailing plants basket bottom taken out and dried, after plucking through the breeding of should just growing seedlings in year of the 5-6 ℃ of cold storage of 6 days.
breeding and seedling is then plucked in the seed husky storage of exempting to survive the winter;
The selection on ground, seedbed is with seminal propagation field.In the seedbed of choosing on the ground, every mu is spread fertilizer over the fields the farmyard manure that 4000-5000kg becomes thoroughly decomposed, and shallow turning over soil mixes, and then makes the wide furrow of 120cm.Ditch or dig cave program request by distance between rows and hills 15x15cm, 2 seeds of every bunch planting, mu is broadcast 2.9 ten thousand.Finish overburden soil 3cm, the wet careless moisturizing of upper cover chopping.Broadcast latter 15 days left and right seed sproutings and emerge, after emerging, cover with things such as branches, prevent Exposure to Sunlight.
Breeding and seedling technology is then plucked in the husky storage of exempting to survive the winter of konjaku seed, is to solve upper one of the most effective approach of high, of fine quality, the healthy provenance of a large amount of purity of being badly in need of of producing.This innovation point is once being that the wet husky seed in conventional seminal propagation technology is survived the winter and protected storage and change into: should the year breeding of growing seedlings through the 5-6 ℃ of cold storage of 6 days after harvesting, to exempt production link and the expense of routine techniques " wet husky seed storage for the winter ", percentage of seedgermination has brought up to 98.5% by 85% simultaneously, be equivalent to increase by 13.5% seed availability, the kind bulb of breeding can be carried and enter land for growing field crops commodity production the previous year, alleviates and produces by kind of a short supply state; The 2nd, adopt seminal propagation kind bulb consumption few, seed harvest yield is large, and (field breeding mu can sowing 3,810,000, can provide 1900 mu of lands for growing field crops with planting, 100 square metres of indoor propagations, can provide 286 mu of lands for growing field crops with planting), as long as plant 2-3 macrospecies taro more than 2000g, after the purification and rejuvenation breeding of 2 years, just can plant one mu of land for growing field crops.And seed purity is high, Functionality, quality and appealing design, field planting disease are light, and output is high, and economic benefit is naturally good.
Claims (3)
1. the konjaku seed propagation technique for husky storage of exempting to survive the winter, is characterized in that:
Before sowing, first select the konjak corm of the above weight of 3kg to make propagating materials, and soak seed and disinfect, then on the plot of choosing every mu execute 50～100kg lime, plough under in soil disinfecting soil processing, on the face of the ridge of 180cm, ditch by the seeding row spacing of 35cm × 30cm or dig cave 4 row, a kind konjaku is put in every cave, and every mu of kind is planted konjaku 6350 strains.After planting go up the soil of blinding 13cm left and right.Harvesting in time after the seed maturity of yielding positive results, rinsing, airing, vanning, suitably refrigeration, sowing in time, field pipe, results, kind bulb are protected storage.
2. according to exempt from the to survive the winter propagation technique of husky storage of a kind of konjaku seed in claim 1, it is characterized in that:
The propagating materials konjak corm of the above weight of 3kg to selected storage before sowing, when sowing, be exposed to the sun 1～2 day, improve germinating capacity, again with 500 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powders or 500 times of seed soaking 30min of 50% thiophanate methyl wettable powder, also can be with airing after 75% tpn wettable powder and 1500 times of immersion kind 30min of 72% agricultural streptomycin, by above-mentioned density plantation.
3. according to exempt from the to survive the winter propagation technique of husky storage of a kind of konjaku seed in claim 1, it is characterized in that:
In the harvesting in time after seed maturity of yielding positive results, then remove shrivelled seed with clear water rinsing, airing epidermis, be contained in suitable little case, former degree 5cm left and right, then put into refrigerator or 5～6 ℃ of refrigerations 6 days for refrigerator-freezer, take out and dig cave program request by the distance between rows and hills of 15x15cm, 2 seeds of every bunch planting, mu is broadcast 2.9 ten thousand.Finish overburden soil 3-4cm, the wet careless moisturizing of upper cover chopping.To exempt production link and the expense of routine techniques " wet husky seed storage for the winter ", percentage of seedgermination has brought up to 98.5% by 85% simultaneously, be equivalent to increase by 13.5% seed availability, the kind bulb of breeding can be carried and enter land for growing field crops commodity production the previous year, alleviate and produce by kind of a short supply state, economical, societal benefits are remarkable.
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Application publication date: 20140709 |