CN106305382B - Three-dimensional dendrobium officinale culture medium and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Three-dimensional dendrobium officinale culture medium and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a three-dimensional dendrobium officinale culture medium and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of cultivation, the three-dimensional dendrobium officinale culture medium consists of an upper layer medium and a lower layer medium from top to bottom, the thickness ratio of the upper layer medium to the lower layer medium is 7:3 ~ 6:4, the upper layer medium consists of, by weight, 2-5 parts of fresh dried bark of Chinese ash, 0.5-2 parts of water moss, 6-10 parts of tourmaline, 2-4 parts of grifola frondosa residues and 1-2 parts of olive pomace, and the lower layer medium consists of, by weight, 5-8 parts of chinaberry bark, 1-3 parts of purple basil leaves, 2-5 parts of periploid and 3-6 parts of olive pomace.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of cultivation, and particularly relates to a three-dimensional dendrobium officinale cultivation medium and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Dendrobium officinale (the scientific name: Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo) has upright stem, cylindrical shape, length of 9-35 cm, thickness of 2-4 mm, no branching and multiple sections; the second row of leaves, paper, long round and needle-shaped, the edge and middle rib are often purplish. The raceme usually comes out from the upper part of the old stem with fallen leaves and has 2-3 flowers; the buds are dry, light white, oval, 5-7 mm long, the sepals and the petals are yellow green and similar, the long round shape is coated with needles, the lips are white, the base parts are provided with 1 green or yellow callus, the egg shape is coated with needles, the length is slightly shorter than the sepals, and the middle part is reversely folded. The pistil is yellow green and about 3 mm long, and both sides of the tip are respectively provided with 1 purple point; the cap is white, has a long oval triangle shape, is about 2.3 mm long, and has a sharp tip at the top end and 2 cracks. The flowering period is 3-6 months.
The substrate in the report is sphagna, crushed stone, peanut shell, moss, coconut peel, pine bark, wood chip, charcoal, wood block and the like, and mainly comprises bark and wood chip or a mixture of the bark, the wood chip, the crushed stone and an organic fertilizer in the production, wherein the bark is crushed into particles below 2 ~ 3 cm.
At present, the substrates for planting the dendrobium officinale are various in types, and can meet the basic requirements of the growth of the dendrobium officinale, but the substrates generally have the defects of over heavy weight, poor water permeability and poor air permeability, and poor root system development. Meanwhile, in the traditional method, chemical fertilizers and pesticides are generally applied to promote the growth of the dendrobium officinale and prevent and treat plant diseases and insect pests, so that the yield and the quality of the dendrobium officinale are not ideal. Therefore, how to overcome the defects of the prior art is a problem to be solved urgently in the technical field of cultivation at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects of the prior art and provides a three-dimensional dendrobium officinale culture medium and a preparation method thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a three-dimensional dendrobium officinale culture medium is composed of an upper layer medium and a lower layer medium from top to bottom, wherein the thickness ratio of the upper layer medium to the lower layer medium is 7:3 ~ 6: 4;
the upper-layer matrix comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2-5 parts of fresh dried bark, 0.5-2 parts of water moss, 6-10 parts of tourmaline, 2-4 parts of grifola frondosa residues and 1-2 parts of olive pomace;
the lower-layer matrix consists of the following components in parts by weight: 5-8 parts of chinaberry bark, 1-3 parts of purple basil leaves, 2-5 parts of Phyllostachys nigra and 3-6 parts of olive pomace;
the purple basil leaves are dried products with the water content of 6-8%; the olive pomace is olive pomace obtained after olive fruits are pressed to obtain olive oil.
Further, preferably, the three-dimensional dendrobium officinale culture substrate consists of an upper substrate and a lower substrate from top to bottom, and the thickness ratio of the upper substrate to the lower substrate is 13: 7;
the upper-layer matrix consists of the following components in parts by weight: 4 parts of fresh dried bark, 1 part of water moss, 8 parts of tourmaline, 3 parts of grifola frondosa residues and 1.6 parts of olive pomace;
the lower-layer matrix consists of the following components in parts by weight: 7 parts of chinaberry bark, 2.5 parts of purple basil leaves, 4 parts of Phyllostachys nigra and 5 parts of olive pomace;
the purple basil leaves are dried products with the water content of 6-8%; the olive pomace is olive pomace obtained after olive fruits are pressed to obtain olive oil.
Further, preferably, the three-dimensional dendrobium officinale culture substrate consists of an upper substrate and a lower substrate from top to bottom, and the thickness ratio of the upper substrate to the lower substrate is 63: 37;
the upper-layer matrix consists of the following components in parts by weight: 3 parts of fresh cured bark, 1.3 parts of water moss, 7.2 parts of tourmaline, 3.8 parts of grifola frondosa residues and 1.6 parts of olive pomace;
the lower-layer matrix consists of the following components in parts by weight: 6.5 parts of chinaberry bark, 2.2 parts of purple basil leaves, 3.4 parts of Phyllostachys nigra and 4.2 parts of olive pomace;
the purple basil leaves are dried products with the water content of 6-8%; the olive pomace is olive pomace obtained after olive fruits are pressed to obtain olive oil.
Further, it is preferable that the tourmaline is a stone having a major axis of 2-3cm and a minor axis of 2-2.5 cm.
Further, it is preferable that the particle size of the Phytopaz is 8-12 mm.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the three-dimensional dendrobium officinale culture medium, which comprises the following steps:
crushing the cortex meliae into particles with the particle size of 4-7mm to obtain cortex meliae particles;
step (2), taking fresh dried bark, and crushing the fresh dried bark into particles with the particle size of 10-15mm to obtain dried bark particles;
step (3), crushing tourmaline into stones with long axis of 2-3cm and short axis of 2-2.5cm to obtain tourmaline stones;
step (4), uniformly mixing 2-5 parts by weight of the dried bark particles obtained in the step (2), 0.5-2 parts by weight of water moss, 6-10 parts by weight of the tourmaline stone blocks obtained in the step (3), 2-4 parts by weight of grifola frondosa residues and 1-2 parts by weight of olive pomace to obtain an upper-layer matrix;
step (5), uniformly mixing 5-8 parts by weight of the cortex meliae particles obtained in the step (1), 1-3 parts by weight of purple basil leaves, 2-5 parts by weight of physcolite and 3-6 parts by weight of olive pomace to obtain a lower-layer matrix; the particle size of the Phytolite is 8-12 mm;
and (6) paving the upper-layer substrate obtained in the step (4) and the lower-layer substrate obtained in the step (5) according to the thickness ratio of 7:3 ~ 6:4 to obtain the three-dimensional dendrobium officinale culture substrate.
The purple basil leaves adopted by the invention can be used as whole leaves or crushed, and the effect has no obvious change, so no specific requirement is made.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the preparation method is simple and reliable, and the prepared three-dimensional dendrobium officinale culture medium fully utilizes the waste grifola frondosa residues and the olive pomace, thereby saving resources and reducing cost.
Compared with the traditional medium, the dendrobium officinale cultured by the three-dimensional dendrobium officinale culture medium has higher survival rate which is up to more than 99%, the yield is obviously improved by 20-30%, and the cultivation medium is easy to popularize and apply;
the polysaccharide content of the dendrobium officinale obtained by adopting the matrix planting of the invention is about 15% higher than that of the dendrobium officinale obtained by adopting the traditional matrix planting.
The three-dimensional dendrobium officinale culture medium disclosed by the invention does not adopt chemicals, can effectively prevent soft rot and black spot of the dendrobium officinale, also has a certain effect of preventing insect pests, and greatly meets the market demands.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the following examples are illustrative of the invention only and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention. The examples do not specify particular techniques or conditions, and are performed according to the techniques or conditions described in the literature in the art or according to the product specifications. The raw materials or instruments used are not indicated by manufacturers, and all are conventional products which can be obtained by purchasing.
Example 1
A three-dimensional dendrobium officinale culture medium is composed of an upper layer medium and a lower layer medium from top to bottom, wherein the thickness ratio of the upper layer medium to the lower layer medium is 7: 3;
the upper-layer matrix consists of the following components in parts by weight: 2 parts of fresh dried bark, 0.5 part of water moss, 6 parts of tourmaline, 2 parts of grifola frondosa residues and 1 part of olive pomace;
the lower-layer matrix consists of the following components in parts by weight: 5 parts of chinaberry bark, 1 part of purple basil leaf, 2 parts of Phyllostachys nigra and 3 parts of olive pomace;
the purple basil leaves are dried products with the water content of 6-8%; the olive pomace is olive pomace obtained after olive fruits are pressed to obtain olive oil.
The preparation method of the three-dimensional dendrobium officinale culture medium comprises the following steps:
crushing the cortex meliae into particles with the particle size of 4-7mm to obtain cortex meliae particles;
step (2), taking fresh dried bark, and crushing the fresh dried bark into particles with the particle size of 10-15mm to obtain dried bark particles;
step (3), crushing tourmaline into stones with long axis of 2-3cm and short axis of 2-2.5cm to obtain tourmaline stones;
step (4), uniformly mixing 2 parts by weight of the dried bark particles obtained in the step (2), 0.5 part by weight of water moss, 6 parts by weight of the tourmaline stone blocks obtained in the step (3), 2 parts by weight of grifola frondosa residues and 1-2 parts by weight of olive pomace to obtain an upper-layer matrix;
step (5), uniformly mixing 5 parts by weight of the chinaberry bark particles obtained in the step (1), 1 part by weight of purple basil leaves, 2 parts by weight of physcolite and 3 parts by weight of olive pomace to obtain a lower-layer matrix; the particle size of the Phytolite is 8-12 mm;
and (6) paving the upper-layer substrate obtained in the step (4) and the lower-layer substrate obtained in the step (5) according to the thickness ratio of 7:3 to obtain the three-dimensional dendrobium officinale culture substrate.
Example 2
A three-dimensional dendrobium officinale culture medium is composed of an upper layer medium and a lower layer medium from top to bottom, wherein the thickness ratio of the upper layer medium to the lower layer medium is 6: 4;
the upper-layer matrix consists of the following components in parts by weight: 5 parts of fresh dried bark, 2 parts of water moss, 10 parts of tourmaline, 4 parts of grifola frondosa residues and 2 parts of olive pomace;
the lower-layer matrix consists of the following components in parts by weight: 8 parts of chinaberry bark, 3 parts of purple basil leaves, 5 parts of Phyllostachys nigra and 6 parts of olive pomace;
the purple basil leaves are dried products with the water content of 6-8%; the olive pomace is olive pomace obtained after olive fruits are pressed to obtain olive oil.
The preparation method of the three-dimensional dendrobium officinale culture medium comprises the following steps:
crushing the cortex meliae into particles with the particle size of 4-7mm to obtain cortex meliae particles;
step (2), taking fresh dried bark, and crushing the fresh dried bark into particles with the particle size of 10-15mm to obtain dried bark particles;
step (3), crushing tourmaline into stones with long axis of 2-3cm and short axis of 2-2.5cm to obtain tourmaline stones;
step (4), uniformly mixing 5 parts of the dried bark particles obtained in the step (2), 2 parts of water moss, 10 parts of the tourmaline stone blocks obtained in the step (3), 4 parts of grifola frondosa residues and 2 parts of olive pomace according to parts by weight to obtain an upper-layer matrix;
step (5), uniformly mixing 8 parts by weight of the cortex meliae particles obtained in the step (1), 3 parts by weight of purple basil leaves, 5 parts by weight of physcolite and 6 parts by weight of olive pomace to obtain a lower-layer matrix; the particle size of the Phytolite is 8-12 mm;
and (6) paving the upper-layer substrate obtained in the step (4) and the lower-layer substrate obtained in the step (5) according to the thickness ratio of 6:4 to obtain the three-dimensional dendrobium officinale culture substrate.
Example 3
The three-dimensional dendrobium officinale culture medium comprises an upper-layer medium and a lower-layer medium from top to bottom, wherein the thickness ratio of the upper-layer medium to the lower-layer medium is 13: 7;
the upper-layer matrix consists of the following components in parts by weight: 4 parts of fresh dried bark, 1 part of water moss, 8 parts of tourmaline, 3 parts of grifola frondosa residues and 1.6 parts of olive pomace;
the lower-layer matrix consists of the following components in parts by weight: 7 parts of chinaberry bark, 2.5 parts of purple basil leaves, 4 parts of Phyllostachys nigra and 5 parts of olive pomace;
the purple basil leaves are dried products with the water content of 6-8%; the olive pomace is olive pomace obtained after olive fruits are pressed to obtain olive oil.
The preparation method of the three-dimensional dendrobium officinale culture medium comprises the following steps:
crushing the cortex meliae into particles with the particle size of 4-7mm to obtain cortex meliae particles;
step (2), taking fresh dried bark, and crushing the fresh dried bark into particles with the particle size of 10-15mm to obtain dried bark particles;
step (3), crushing tourmaline into stones with long axis of 2-3cm and short axis of 2-2.5cm to obtain tourmaline stones;
step (4), uniformly mixing 4 parts by weight of the dried bark particles obtained in the step (2), 1 part by weight of water moss, 8 parts by weight of the tourmaline stone blocks obtained in the step (3), 3 parts by weight of grifola frondosa residues and 1.6 parts by weight of olive pomace to obtain an upper-layer matrix;
step (5), uniformly mixing 7 parts by weight of the chinaberry bark particles obtained in the step (1), 2.5 parts by weight of purple basil leaves, 4 parts by weight of physcolite and 5 parts by weight of olive pomace to obtain a lower-layer matrix; the particle size of the Phytolite is 8-12 mm;
and (6) mixing the upper-layer substrate obtained in the step (4) and the lower-layer substrate obtained in the step (5) according to a thickness ratio of 13: 7, paving to obtain the three-dimensional dendrobium officinale culture medium.
Example 4
The three-dimensional dendrobium officinale culture medium comprises an upper-layer medium and a lower-layer medium from top to bottom, wherein the thickness ratio of the upper-layer medium to the lower-layer medium is 63: 37;
the upper-layer matrix consists of the following components in parts by weight: 3 parts of fresh cured bark, 1.3 parts of water moss, 7.2 parts of tourmaline, 3.8 parts of grifola frondosa residues and 1.6 parts of olive pomace;
the lower-layer matrix consists of the following components in parts by weight: 6.5 parts of chinaberry bark, 2.2 parts of purple basil leaves, 3.4 parts of Phyllostachys nigra and 4.2 parts of olive pomace;
the purple basil leaves are dried products with the water content of 6-8% and the particle size of minus 20 meshes; the olive pomace is olive pomace obtained after olive fruits are pressed to obtain olive oil.
The tourmaline is a stone with a long axis of 2-3cm and a short axis of 2-2.5 cm.
The particle size of the Phyllostachys nigra stone is 8-12 mm.
Comparative example 1
Comparative example 1 differs from example 3 in that the residue of Grifola frondosa is not contained, and the rest is the same.
Comparative example 2
Comparative example 2 differs from example 3 in that the underlying substrate does not contain olive pomace, the rest being the same.
Comparative example 3
Comparative example 3 is different from example 3 in that both the Phytolite and tourmaline are replaced with the same amount of perlite, and the rest are the same.
Comparative example 4
Comparative example 4 differs from example 3 in that the bark of pinus kesiya, which has the same water content as the bark of chinaberry and fresh bark of dried bark, was replaced with the same bark of chinaberry and fresh bark of dried bark, and the rest were the same.
Comparative experiment
The dendrobium seedlings are cultivated by adopting a traditional method, and the total thickness of the cultivation medium is 10cm, so that the dendrobium seedlings growing in two years are obtained.
Wherein the daytime temperature is 16-21 deg.C, the nighttime temperature is 10-15 deg.C, the relative air humidity is about 80%, the shading rate in summer and autumn is about 70%, and the shading rate in winter and spring is 30-50%
The effect of the substrates of examples 1 to 4 and the substrates of comparative examples 1 to 4 was examined, and the results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from Table 1, the effects of the examples of the invention are better than those of the comparative examples, and the components of the invention have good compatibility.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (3)
1. A three-dimensional dendrobium officinale culture medium is composed of an upper layer medium and a lower layer medium from top to bottom, and is characterized in that the thickness ratio of the upper layer medium to the lower layer medium is 7:3 ~ 6: 4;
the upper-layer substrate comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2-5 parts of fresh dried bark, 0.5-2 parts of water moss, 6-10 parts of tourmaline, 2-4 parts of grifola frondosa residues and 1-2 parts of olive pomace;
the lower-layer matrix consists of the following components in parts by weight: 5-8 parts of chinaberry bark, 1-3 parts of purple basil leaves, 2-5 parts of Phyllostachys nigra and 3-6 parts of olive pomace; the particle size of the Phytolite is 8-12 mm;
the preparation steps are as follows:
crushing the cortex meliae into particles with the particle size of 4-7mm to obtain cortex meliae particles;
step (2), taking fresh dried bark, and crushing the fresh dried bark into particles with the particle size of 10-15mm to obtain dried bark particles;
step (3), crushing tourmaline into stones with long axis of 2-3cm and short axis of 2-2.5cm to obtain tourmaline stones;
step (4), uniformly mixing 2-5 parts by weight of the dried bark particles obtained in the step (2), 0.5-2 parts by weight of water moss, 6-10 parts by weight of the tourmaline stone blocks obtained in the step (3), 2-4 parts by weight of grifola frondosa residues and 1-2 parts by weight of olive pomace to obtain an upper-layer matrix;
step (5), uniformly mixing 5-8 parts by weight of the cortex meliae particles obtained in the step (1), 1-3 parts by weight of purple basil leaves, 2-5 parts by weight of physcolite and 3-6 parts by weight of olive pomace to obtain a lower-layer matrix;
step (6), paving the upper-layer substrate obtained in the step (4) and the lower-layer substrate obtained in the step (5) according to the thickness ratio of 7:3 ~ 6:4 to obtain a three-dimensional dendrobium officinale culture substrate;
the purple basil leaves are dried products with the water content of 6-8%; the olive pomace is olive pomace obtained after olive fruits are pressed to obtain olive oil.
2. The three-dimensional dendrobium officinale culture medium according to claim 1, wherein the three-dimensional dendrobium officinale culture medium is composed of an upper layer medium and a lower layer medium from top to bottom, and the thickness ratio of the upper layer medium to the lower layer medium is 13: 7;
the upper-layer matrix consists of the following components in parts by weight: 4 parts of fresh dried bark, 1 part of water moss, 8 parts of tourmaline, 3 parts of grifola frondosa residues and 1.6 parts of olive pomace;
the lower-layer matrix consists of the following components in parts by weight: 7 parts of chinaberry bark, 2.5 parts of purple basil leaves, 4 parts of Phyllostachys nigra and 5 parts of olive pomace.
3. The three-dimensional dendrobium officinale culture medium according to claim 1, wherein the three-dimensional dendrobium officinale culture medium is composed of an upper layer medium and a lower layer medium from top to bottom, and the thickness ratio of the upper layer medium to the lower layer medium is 63: 37;
the upper-layer matrix consists of the following components in parts by weight: 3 parts of fresh cured bark, 1.3 parts of water moss, 7.2 parts of tourmaline, 3.8 parts of grifola frondosa residues and 1.6 parts of olive pomace;
the lower-layer matrix consists of the following components in parts by weight: 6.5 parts of chinaberry bark, 2.2 parts of purple basil leaves, 3.4 parts of physcolite and 4.2 parts of olive pomace.
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