CN101297529B - Sdma资源管理 - Google Patents

Sdma资源管理 Download PDF

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CN101297529B
CN101297529B CN2006800402484A CN200680040248A CN101297529B CN 101297529 B CN101297529 B CN 101297529B CN 2006800402484 A CN2006800402484 A CN 2006800402484A CN 200680040248 A CN200680040248 A CN 200680040248A CN 101297529 B CN101297529 B CN 101297529B
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CN101297529A (zh
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T·吉
D·A·高尔
A·格洛科夫
M·东
A·阿加沃尔
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Qualcomm Inc
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/022—Site diversity; Macro-diversity
    • H04B7/026—Co-operative diversity, e.g. using fixed or mobile stations as relays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0037—Inter-user or inter-terminal allocation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0044—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path allocation of payload
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W16/00—Network planning, e.g. coverage or traffic planning tools; Network deployment, e.g. resource partitioning or cells structures
    • H04W16/24—Cell structures
    • H04W16/28—Cell structures using beam steering
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/50—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources
    • H04W72/56—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources based on priority criteria
    • H04W72/563—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources based on priority criteria of the wireless resources
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
    • H04B1/713—Spread spectrum techniques using frequency hopping
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0001—Arrangements for dividing the transmission path
    • H04L5/0014—Three-dimensional division
    • H04L5/0023—Time-frequency-space
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/02—Channels characterised by the type of signal
    • H04L5/023—Multiplexing of multicarrier modulation signals

Abstract

一种用于在无线通信环境中分配资源的方法，包括：接收第一跳跃端口与频率范围之间的映射；以及确定是否将第二接入终端映射到在基本相似的时间实例期间被映射到至少同一频率范围的第二跳跃端口，该确定是根据与和该第一跳跃端口相关联的第一接入终端有关的特性来作出的。该方法还包括：确定第一接入终端是将采用空分多址(SDMA)的候选者；以及当第二接入终端也是将采用SDMA的候选者时映射第二跳跃端口并且使该第二终端与该第二跳跃端口关联。

Description

SDMA资源管理
                             背景
I.领域
以下说明一般涉及无线通信，并且尤其涉及无线通信系统的灵活通信方案。
II.背景
为了实现去往和来自移动设备的数据传输，必须启用稳健的通信网络。当今移动网络中所使用的一种特定技术是正交频分调制或正交频分复用(OFDM)。OFDM将数字信息调制到模拟载波电磁信号之上，并且其被用在例如IEEE 802.11a/g WLAN标准中。OFDM基带信号(例如，子带)构成数个正交副载波，其中每个副载波由其自己的数据来独立调制。OFDM的益处包括易于实现噪声滤波、能够变换上游和下游速度(这可经由针对每种用途分配更多或更少载波来实现)、能够减轻频率选择衰落的影响等。
常规网络还必须能够适应于新的技术以容纳数目不断增长的用户。因此，重要的是基本上不对数据传输的质量造成不利影响地来增加网络扇区内的维度的数目。当使用OFDM时，增加维度可能是成问题的，因为可用于数据传输的频调的数目是有限的。空分多址(SDMA)通过共享时频资源来实现维度数目的增加。例如，第一用户和第二用户在单个扇区中在特定同一时间实例可利用基本上相似的频率，只要它们相隔足够的空间距离即可。通过采用波束，SDMA可用在OFDM/OFDMA环境中。
在一个具体示例中，经波束成形的传输可被用于在OFDM/OFDMA环境中实现SDMA。位于一基站处的多个发射天线可被用于形成经波束成形的传输，它使用通常覆盖比使用单个发射天线的传输更窄的区域的“波束”。然而，在由波束覆盖的区域内的信噪干扰比(SINR)得到提高。扇区中未被波束覆盖的部分可称为空区。位于该空区内的移动设备将具有极低的SINR，从而导致性能降低还可能导致数据丢失。通过使用这种波束，相隔足够空间距离的用户就可在基本上相似的频率上通信，由此增加扇区内可被使用的维度的数目。然而，有很多并不期望用户使用SDMA的场合。例如，当期望有预编码时，或当期望有信道分集时，对于特定区域内的一些移动设备可能会导致性能降级。
                             概述
以下给出简要概述以提供对所要求权利的主题的某些方面的基本理解。此概述并非详尽综述，也并非旨在标识出关键性/决定性要素或者刻划所要求权利的主题的范围。其唯一目的是以简化形式给出某些概念作为在稍后给出的更详细描述的前序。
本文中详细描述的是有助于在无线通信环境中的前向链路上的资源分配的系统、方法、装置和物品。可维护指示关于哪些特定用户或接入终端可使用SDMA的码本。基于对该码本的分析，可维护第一和第二信道树，其中可使用SDMA的接入终端与相异信道树上的跳跃端口(hop-port)相关联。这使得这些相异的接入终端能够共享时频资源。关于并非是将使用SDMA的候选者的接入终端，这些接入终端可与指派给第一信道树并映射到未被映射至第二信道树上的跳跃端口的频率范围的跳跃端口相关联。
例如，本文中描述了一种用于在无线通信环境中分配资源的方法，其中该方法包括接收第一跳跃端口集合与频率范围之间的映射；以及确定是否将第二接入终端指派到在基本相似的时间实例期间被映射到至少同一频率范围的第二跳跃端口，该确定是根据与和该第一跳跃端口相关联的第一接入终端有关的特性来作出的。该方法还可包括：确定该第一接入终端是将使用空分多址(SDMA)的候选者；以及当该第二接入终端也是将使用SDMA的候选者时将该第二跳跃端口映射到该同一频率范围并映射该第二跳跃端口且使该第二终端与该第二跳跃端口关联。第一信道树可包括跳跃端口与频率范围之间根据第一跳跃置换的多个映射，并且第二信道树可包括跳跃端口与这些频率范围之间根据该第一跳跃置换的多个映射。该方法可另外包括：确定第一接入终端具有第一空间方向；确定第二接入终端具有第二空间方向；在第一时间段里将该第一接入终端映射到第一跳跃端口；以及在该第一时间段里将该第二接入终端映射到该第二跳跃端口。此外，该方法可包括接收来自第一接入终端的指示第一方向的量化值；以及基于该量化值使第一接入终端与第二跳跃端口关联，其中该量化值可选自码本。
此外，本文中公开了一种无线通信装置，其中该装置包括存储器，该存储器包括与两个接入终端是否为将在OFDM/OFDMA环境中使用SDMA的候选者有关的信息。该装置还可包括处理器，该处理器在这两个接入终端为将使用SDMA的候选者的情况下将这两个接入终端指派到在基本相似的时间被映射到扇区中基本相似的频率的两个跳跃端口。在一个示例中，第一信道树可包括多个跳跃端口与多个频率范围之间根据一跳跃置换的映射，并且处理器可根据该跳跃置换定义与第二信道树相关联的映射。
此外，本文中描述了一种用于在无线通信环境中管理频率资源的装置，其中该装置包括用于确定第一接入终端和第二接入终端为将使用SDMA的候选者的装置。该装置还可包括用于将该第一接入终端指派到第一跳跃端口并将该第二接入终端指派到第二跳跃端口的装置，该第一和第二跳跃端口被映射到基本相似的时频资源。该装置还可包括：用于分析包括该第一跳跃端口与这些时频资源之间的映射的第一信道树的装置；以及用于再第二信道树中定义该第二跳跃端口与这些时频资源之间的映射的装置。
另外，本文中公开了一种计算机可读介质，其中这种介质包括用于执行以下操作的指令：确定第一接入终端是将使用SDMA的候选者；将该第一接入终端指派到在第一信道树中映射至的一个或多个频率频调的一个或多个跳跃端口；确定第二接入终端是将使用SDMA的候选者；将该第二接入终端指派到一个或多个跳跃端口；以及将指派给该第二接入终端的这一个或多个跳跃端口映射到在第二信道树中被映射至指派给该一接入终端的一个或多个跳跃端口的一个或多个频率频调。
此外，本文中公开并描述了一种处理器，其中该处理器执行用于提升无线通信环境的性能的指令，这些指令包括：使第一接入终端关联到第一跳跃端口集合，该第一接入终端被配置成在OFDM/OFDMA环境中操作，该第一接入终端是将使用SDMA的候选者；将该第一跳跃端口集合映射到频率范围；使第二接入终端关联到第二跳跃端口集合，该第二接入终端被配置成在OFDM/OFDMA环境中操作，该第二接入终端是将使用SDMA的候选者；以及将该第二跳跃端口集合映射到该频率范围以使得该第一跳跃端口集合和该第二跳跃端口集合在基本相似的时间被映射到该频率范围。
为了实现前述及相关目标，本文联系以下描述和附图描述了某些示例性方面。然而，这些方面仅表示其中可采用所要求权利的主题的原理的各种方式中的少数几个，并且所要求权利的主题旨在包括所有这些方面及其等效方案。根据以下结合附图考虑的详细描述，其它优点和新颖性特征可变得显而易见。
                         附图简述
图1是有助于无线通信环境中的资源分配的系统的高层框图。
图2是信号树的表示。
图3是信道树的基节点的表示。
图4是两棵独立信道树的基节点的图示，该图示例示出了一种分配时频资源的具体方式。
图5是两棵独立信道树的基节点的图示，该图示例示出了一种分配时频资源的具体方式。
图6是两棵独立信道树的基节点的图示，该图示例示出了一种分配时频资源的具体方式。
图7是可用于在无线通信环境中分配资源的无线通信装置。
图8是示出了用于在无线通信环境中分配时频资源的方法的流程图。
图9是示出了用于根据码本的内容来更新信道树的方法的流程图。
图10是示出了用于在多棵信道树中将跳跃端口映射到的频率范围的方法的流程图。
图11是示例性无线通信系统。
图12是示例性无线通信系统的一示例。
图13是采用波束成形来增加无线通信环境中的系统容量的系统的一示例。
图14是采用波束成形来增加无线通信环境中的系统容量的系统的一示例。
图15是可结合本文所描述的各种系统和方法使用的无线通信环境的一示例。
                           详细描述
现在参照附图描述所要求权利的主题，其中贯穿始终使用相同附图标记来指代相似要素。出于说明的目的，在以下描述中阐述了众多特定细节以提供对所要求权利的主题的透彻理解。然而，此主题可在不用这些特定细节的情况下实践是显而易见的。在其它实例中，众所周知的结构和设备以框图形式示出以便帮助描述本发明。
此外，这里联系用户设备描述各个方面。用户设备也可称为系统、订户单元、订户站、移动站、移动设备、远程站、接入点、基站、远程终端、接入终端、用户终端、终端、用户代理、或用户装备。用户设备可以是蜂窝电话、无绳电话、会话发起协议(SIP)电话、无线本地环路(WLL)站、PDA、具有无线连接能力的手持式设备、或连接至无线调制解调器的其它处理设备。
此外，所要求权利的主题的方面可使用标准编程和/或工程技术实现为方法、装置或制品以产生用于控制计算机实现所要求权利的主题的各个方面的软件、固件、硬件或其任何组合。本文所用的术语“制品”旨在涵盖可从任何计算机可读设备、载波或介质访问的计算机程序。例如，计算机可读介质可包括但不限于磁存储设备(例如，硬盘、软盘、磁条……)、光盘(例如，压缩盘(CD)、数字多功能盘(DVD)……)、智能卡和闪存设备(例如，记忆卡、记忆棒、钥匙驱动器……)。另外，应当理解，载波可用于承载诸如那些在传送和接收语音邮件或在接入诸如蜂窝网的网络中使用的计算机可读电子数据。当然，本领域技术人员应当认识到，可对此配置作出许多更改而不会脱离本文所描述的范围或精神。
现在参看附图，图1示出了有助于资源分配以在通用无线通信环境中——尤其是在OFDM/OFDMA环境中——的前向链路上实现SDMA的系统100。该系统100包括可从特定扇区内的多个接入终端104-108接收数据的码本生成器102，其中这些接入终端104-108可分布在整个扇区中。例如，码本生成器102可使导频信号被提供给接入终端104-108，而这些接入终端104-108可生成与信道条件有关的数据，诸如信道质量指示(CQI)数据，并向该码本生成器102提供这些数据。虽然给出CQI作为示例，但是应当理解，可由接入终端104-108向码本生成器提供任何合适的反馈数据。至少部分地基于该反馈，码本生成器102可确定接入终端104-108中的每一个是否为使用SDMA、分集通信(信道分集)、预编码等的候选者。
利用该反馈，码本生成器102可利用或更新可包括允许经由SDMA调度用户设备的多个部分的码本110。例如，第一部分可包括波束成形权重以使得第一接入终端集合可相对于在该码本中的其它部分或其它码本中的其它波束成形权重上调度的其它接入终端地根据SDMA来调度。在一特定示例中，指派到第一部分的接入终端可与指派到第二部分的接入终端共享时频资源，因为这些接入终端是彼此相隔足够空间距离的。相反，指派到同一部分内的各个接入终端也许不可能共享时频资源而不在彼此其间导致相当量的串扰。码本110还可包括与用哪些波束来调度这多个接入终端104-108内并非SDMA候选者而由此不能与该扇区内的其它接入终端共享时频资源的那些接入终端有关的信息。例如，并非使用SDMA的候选者的接入终端或控制信道可能是为了信道分集、预编码、或接收广播数据而配置的，并由此不应当与在码本的那一部分中的其它接入终端共享时频资源。在一个特定示例中，码本生成器102可在其接收到来自接入终端104-108的分组时更新码本110(例如，码本110可在每分组的基础上更新)。
调度器112可接收码本110并分配无线通信环境内的资源。更具体地，调度器112可基于对码本110的分析将接入终端104-108映射到跳跃端口和/或指派跳跃置换(hop permutation)，并且还可将跳跃端口映射到特定频率。在一个具体示例中，每个跳跃端口可被映射到一16频调的频率区域。为了使得能在无线通信系统中使用SDMA，调度器112可分析两棵或更多相异的信道树，其中信道树是端口空间到可用频率区域的映射。信道树的基节点可对应于非重叠毗连频调，由此保证与该信道树相关的各个接入终端之间的正交性。如果两棵或多棵信道树与同一频率区域相关联，则与相异的树相关联的接入终端可用使它们共享时频资源的方式来调度。
调度器112可通过以若干相异方式使用两棵或更多信道树来分配时频资源，这将在以下更详细地描述。简言之，调度器112可将接入终端指派到在第一信道树上被映射至一频率范围的跳跃端口，而不将接入终端指派到第二信道树上的相应跳跃端口(这些端口映射到同一频率范围)。这样做可帮助维护相对于并非使用SDMA的候选者的接入终端的正交性，因为这些接入终端并未被调度为共享时频资源。调度器112还可将作为SDMA的候选者(在码本110的第一部分内)的接入终端指派到一个或多个跳跃端口，其中这些跳跃端口在第一信道树中被映射特定频率范围。此后，可使得作为使用SDMA的候选者的相异接入终端(在码本110的第二部分内)与在第二信道树上被映射到基本相似频率范围的跳跃端口相关联。
在一个示例中，这两棵或多棵信道树内跳跃端口到频率的映射可在调度好的置换期间以随机方式进行。此置换可有助于创生干扰分集，但是会对可伸缩性造成不利影响。在另一示例中，各棵信道树内跳跃端口到频率范围的映射可进行精确地对应。例如，在给定置换下，如果第一接入终端在第一信道树上被指派到第一跳跃端口集合，则对应接入终端在第二信道树上被指派到的第二跳跃端口集合，其中该第二跳跃端口集合在这些跳跃端口所映射到的频率的意义上对应于该第一跳跃端口集合。此外，对应集合内的跳跃端口可被映射到对应频率。换言之，除与并非SDMA模式候选者的接入终端相关联的跳跃端口之外，信道树可彼此镜像对称。在又一示例中，各信道树之间跳跃端口到频率范围的映射可被实现为对应性和随机性的组合。例如，如果第一接入终端在第一信道树上被指派到第一跳跃端口集合，则对应接入终端在第二信道树上可被指派到第二跳跃端口集合，其中该第二跳跃端口集合在这些跳跃端口所映射到的频率的意义上对应于该第一跳跃端口集合。然而，各跳跃端口集合内的各个跳跃端口可按随机方式映射到各个频率。因而，虽然在各棵信道树之间跳跃端口集合是对应的，但是这些集合内的各个跳跃端口并不对应。因而，调度器112可结合确定相对于接入终端104-108的通信的调度114来使用信道树的各种置换。
现在参看图2，它示出了可结合在OFDM/OFDMA无线通信环境内分配前向链路上的资源使用的示例性信道树结构200。树结构200表示端口空间到可用频率区域上的映射。树结构200的基节点202-216可对应于非重叠毗连频调，以使得在同一棵树内调度的所有接入终端将与正交性相关联。在常规OFDM/OFDMA系统中，可使用单棵树结构来调度扇区内的通信，其中在信道树内调度的接入终端将与信道正交性相关联。为了能够使用SDMA，可使用多棵信道树，其中相异树上的接入终端可利用基本相似的时频资源。
转到图3，它示出了由树结构200(图2)的基节点202-216表示的跳跃端口与频率区域300之间的映射的示例性图示。此映射可对应于一种特定置换，因为给定相异置换，跳跃端口可能会被映射到各个不同频率范围。具体地，树结构200可包括八个基节点202-216——相应地，八个跳跃端口在一个跳跃置换期间可被映射到落在可用频率区域内的八个不同频率范围。更详细地，在跳跃置换期间，第一跳跃端口可被映射到第三频率范围(fr3)，第二跳跃端口可被映射到第一频率范围(fr1)，第三跳跃端口可被映射到第六频率范围(fr6)，如此等等。这些映射可被随机地、伪随机地、或通过任何其它合适手段来指派。此外，这些映射可在特定时间间隔和/或根据置换调度被重新指派。还应当理解，这些映射使得与信道树200内的跳跃端口相关联的接入终端能够保持与正交信道相关(例如，可以维持正交性的方式创建频率范围)。此外，虽然示为树，但是应当认识到，信道树结构200可以矩阵形式或其它合适形式来保持以帮助在无线通信环境中调度接入终端。
现在参看图4，它通过使用这种信道树的基节点的表示400和402示出了在两棵相异信道树上指派/调度接入终端的一种示例性方式。如上所示，可生成包括能以SDMA模式操作的(例如，不等待广播传输、进行预编码、……)至少两个接入终端群集的码本。这些群集可通过接入终端指示优选波束以及通过反馈与这些优选波束相关联的CQI来创建。相应地，第一群集中的接入终端可与第二群集中的接入终端共享时频资源，而同一群集内的接入终端不应当共享时频资源。
表示400示出了第一信道树的基节点，其中定义了关于一个特定置换在跳跃端口与可用频率区域内的频率范围之间的映射。第一信道树可以是主树，其中不作为将在SDMA模式下操作的候选者的接入终端与在第一接入终端群集内的接入终端一起被调度/指派。因而，例如对于该置换，第一接入终端(将在SDMA模式下操作)可被指派到第一和第二跳跃端口(hp1和hp2)，这些端口分别被随机地映射到第三和第一频率范围(fr3和fr1)。本文所用的术语“随机”旨在涵盖跳跃端口到频率范围的真随机映射以及伪随机映射两者。第二接入终端(不作为将在SDMA模式下操作的候选者)可与第三和第四跳跃端口(hp3和hp4)相关联，这些端口可分别被随机地映射到第六和第八频率范围(fr6和fr8)。第三接入终端(将在SDMA模式下操作)可与第五、第六、第七和第八跳跃端口(hp5、hp6、hp7和hp8)相关联，这些端口可分别被随机地映射到第二、第七、第五和第四频率范围(fr2、fr7、fr5和fr4)。因此，第一信道树可包括与将在SDMA模式下操作的接入终端以及将不在SDMA模式下操作的接入终端相关联的跳跃端口，并且跳跃端口到频率范围的映射可以随机或伪随机方式来实现。此外，相异的用户可随时间推移被指派到不同跳跃端口，并且相同用户可保持与跳跃端口的关联，因为它们在跳跃置换之后被映射到相异频率。
表示402示出了第二信道树的基节点，该信道树可用于关于将在SDMA模式下操作的接入终端来调度通信。更具体而言，关于第二信道树调度/指派的接入终端可与关于第一信道树调度/指派的接入终端共享时频资源。例如，将在SDMA模式下操作的第四接入终端可被指派到第十和第十一跳跃端口，这些端口可被随机地指派到可用频率区域内除第六和第八频率范围(fr6和fr8)之外的任何合适的频率范围，因为这些范围是在第一信道树上为将不在SDMA模式下操作的接入终端预留的。在表示402中，第十和第十一跳跃端口(hp10和hp11)分别被随机地映射到第二和第一频率范围(fr2和fr1)。将在SDMA模式下操作的第五接入终端可被指派到第十二跳跃端口(hp12)，该端口被随机地映射到第七频率范围(fr7)，而将在SDMA模式下操作的第六接入终端可被指派到跳跃端口14-16，这些端口分别被随机地映射到第五、第三和第四频率范围(fr5、fr3和fr4)。跳跃端口与频率范围之间的这种随机映射为在SDMA模式下操作的接入终端提供了前向链路上的干扰分集，因为与相异信道树相关联的接入终端不会相对应。概言之，在跳跃置换期间，与两棵信道树相关联的跳跃端口可被随机地映射到频率范围，由此增强干扰分集。
现在转到图5，它示出了用于通过使用其基节点由图示500和502表示的两棵信道树来分配资源的另一示例性方式。表示500图示了第一信道树的基节点，其中跳跃端口与可用频率区域内的频率范围之间的映射是关于一个跳跃置换来定义的。在表示500中，跳跃端口集合可被指派给特定接入终端或接入终端集合。例如，第一跳跃端口集合504可包括第一和第二跳跃端口(hp1和hp2)，这些端口可被指派给第一接入终端。在示例性图示500和502中，第一接入终端并非将在SDMA模式下操作的候选者。hp1和hp2被示为正分别被随机地映射到第一和第三频率范围(fr1和fr3)。然而，应当理解，跳跃端口到频率范围的映射可根据接入终端的反馈、接入终端的操作模式、或任何其它合适的参数来确定。第二接入终端(将在SDMA模式下操作)可被指派到第二跳跃端口集合506，其中该集合506包括跳跃端口3-5(hp3、hp4、hp5)。这些跳跃端口分别被映射到第六、第七和第二频率范围。第一信道树还可包括与跳跃端口集合508有关的信息，其中该集合508包括跳跃端口6-8。这些跳跃端口被指派给将在SDMA模式下操作的第三接入终端，其中这些跳跃端口分别被映射到第七、第四和第五频率范围(fr7、fr4和fr5)。
由于SDMA模式涉及关于接入终端共享时频资源，因此可使用第二信道树(其基节点由图示502表示)。第二信道树可用于在跳跃置换期间在重叠频率上调度接入终端。例如，重叠频率上的接入终端可使用相异波束来进行数据的接收和传送，其中这些波束可有助于维护串扰的阈值水平。恰当波束的确定可基于与一个或多个接入终端相关联的空间特征(spatialsignature)来作出。如通过回顾图示502可认识到的，跳跃端口集合和映射对应于图示500内的跳跃端口集合和映射(例如，除关于指派给并非为SDMA模式调度的接入终端的跳跃端口之外，这两棵信道树的基层节点相对应)。更详细地，第四跳跃端口集合510对应于第一跳跃端口集合504。然而，由于第一跳跃端口集合504与将不在SDMA模式下操作的接入终端相关联，所以第四跳跃端口不被映射到频率范围，从而未被指派接入终端。第五跳跃端口集合512对应于第二跳跃端口集合506。即，第五跳跃端口集合512包括第十一、第十二和第十三跳跃端口，它们被映射到第二跳跃端口集合506内的跳跃端口在此跳跃置换期间所映射的频率范围(例如，第四接入终端与第五跳跃端口集合512相关联并与第二接入终端共享时频资源)。包括第十四、第十五和第十六跳跃端口(hp14、hp15和hp16)的第六跳跃端口集合514对应于第三跳跃端口集合(例如，第六跳跃端口集合514内的跳跃端口被映射到与关联于第三跳跃端口集合508内的跳跃端口的映射相对应的频率)。更详细地，在此置换期间，hp14、hp15和hp16被分别映射到fr7、fr4和fr5。将用户指派到相对应地映射的跳跃端口增加了系统的可伸缩性——但是，会对干扰分集产生不利影响。
参看图6，它示出了通过使用两棵信道树在无线通信环境中分配资源的相异方式。分别示出了第一和第二信道树的基节点的表示600和602，其中这些信道树可被调度器112(图1)用来调度无线环境中的通信。与第一信道树相关联的表示600显示跳跃端口集合可与接入终端相关联，并且对于每次跳跃置换，这些跳跃端口可或随机地或根据调度器112(图1)内合适的算法来指派。表示600基本上类似于图5的表示500，包括类似的跳跃端口集合(504-508)和类似的到频率范围的映射。
然而，第二信道树的基节点的表示602内所示的映射是以相异方式生成的。与第二信道树相关联的集合内跳跃端口的映射不是完全相同地对应于与第一信道树相关联的集合内跳跃端口的映射，而是能将与该第二信道树相关联的集合内的跳跃端口随机地映射到与该第一信道树内的对应集合相关联的频率范围。更详细地，表示602可包括第四跳跃端口集合510，它对应于表示600中的第一跳跃端口集合504。由于第一跳跃端口集合504与并非将在SDMA模式下操作的接入终端相关联，因此第四集合510内的跳跃端口并不被映射，而频率范围fr1和fr3仅由第一接入终端使用。第五跳跃端口集合512包括与第二跳跃端口集合506中的hp3-5相对应的hp11-13。由于hp3-5分别与fr6、fr8和fr2相关联，因此这些频率将被映射到hp11-13。然而，hp11-13可被随机地映射到这些频率范围——因此，例如，hp11可被映射到fr8，hp12可被映射到fr2，而hp13可被映射到fr6。因此，在第一和第二信道树之间，用户到跳跃端口集合的指派可相对应，但是各个集合内的跳跃端口可被随机地指派到频率范围。跳跃端口集合514可包括映射到fr5、fr4和fr7的hp14-hp16。这种在期望于其内使用SDMA的无线环境中分配资源的方式提供了可伸缩性以及跳跃端口之间的干扰分集。
现在转到图7，它示出了可用于在期望使用SDMA的无线通信环境中实现资源分配的无线通信装置700。该装置700可包括其内可保留和/或维护码本的存储器702。如上所述，码本可包括与接入终端是否为在特定时间实例使用SDMA的候选者(例如，这可在每分组的基础上确定)有关的数据。更具体地，码本可包括指示与接入终端相关联的空间方向的量化值。此外，存储器702可包括可用于在例如OFDM/OFDMA环境中调度通信的信道树的表示。信道树可包括跳跃端口与频率范围之间的映射，其中频率范围对于在SDMA模式下调度的接入终端是可重用的。另外，映射可根据各个跳跃置换来改变。
此信息可被提供给处理器704，该处理器由此可相应地在无线环境中调度通信。在一个示例中，处理器704可分析第一信道树并至少部分地基于第一信道树的内容来定义第二信道树内的映射。例如，第一信道树的内容可导致关于第二信道树中的频率范围的限制。类似地，可使用跳跃置换来定义第一信道树以及第二信道树中跳跃端口与频率范围之间的多个映射。
在另一个示例中，如上所暗指的，接入终端可在逐分组的基础上被调度到基本相似的时频资源之上的SDMA维度上。SDMA因子可以是由处理器704进行的函数调度。更具体地，处理器704可在后续传送中将一个或多个接入终端指派到与基本相似的时频块相对应的信道。在调度期间，复用阶可由处理器704完全控制，其中充分隔离的接入终端可在一个信道上被双重或三重调度，而其它接入终端可能不进行空间复用。在另一示例中，处理器704可结合通过跨频率和时间随机地重叠SDMA启用的接入终端以最优化干扰分集来使用。处理器704可将所有时频资源分割成不同复用阶的片段。对于具有复用阶N的片段，可以有N个信道集合，其中每个集合是正交的，但在集合之间是重叠的(参见图6)。重叠信道可在时间和频率上具有不同跳跃顺序，以使扇区内干扰分集最大化。
参看图8-11，示出了与分配资源以在OFDM/OFDMA环境中启用SDMA有关的方法。虽然出于简化说明的目的，这些方法被示出并描述为一系列动作，但是应当明白和理解，这些方法并不限于这些动作的次序，因为某些动作可根据所要求权利的主题以不同次序和/或与本文所示和所述的其它动作并发地进行。例如，本领域技术人员应当明白和理解，方法可替换地表示为诸如状态图等中的一系列相互关联的状态或事件。此外，并非所有所示动作都是实现根据一个或多个实施例的方法所必需的。
仅参看图8，它示出了用于在无线环境中分配资源的方法800。该方法800在802处开始，并且在804处接收第一跳跃端口与频率范围之间的映射。例如，此映射可在特定置换之后存在于第一信道树内，其可由调度器(调度器可与处理器相关联)接收。此外，跳跃端口可基于与这种跳跃端口相关联的接入终端或用户以及指派给其的其它跳跃端口及频率范围被映射到特定频率范围。在806处，分析指派给第一跳跃端口的接入终端。例如，可从接入终端处接收与特定波束、优选波束等的CQI有关的反馈。此外，虽然未示出，但是也可接收和分析来自其它接入终端的数据。
在808处，对关于接入终端是否为将使用SDMA的候选者作出确定。例如，如果接入终端正等待广播数据或正在分集模式下操作，则这种接入终端不会是将使用SDMA的候选者。类似地，如果接入终端正请求预编码，则这种接入终端不会是将在前向链路上使用SDMA的候选者。如果该接入终端并非将使用SDMA的候选者，则在810处，其它跳跃端口将不会被映射到第一跳跃端口所映射到的频率范围。这确保关于该接入终端所使用的信道的信道分集和正交性。如果接入终端是使用SDMA的候选者，则在812处，第二跳跃端口被映射到第一跳跃端口所映射到的频率范围。方法800在814处完成。
现在参看图9，它示出了用于结合在无线通信环境中分配资源使用码本的方法900。方法900在902处开始，并且在904处，一个或多个导频码元被提供给扇区内的接入终端。例如，当在SDMA模式下操作时，接入终端可指示优选波束(来自SDMA群集)并反馈与该优选波束相关联的CQI。在分块跳跃模式下可被周期性调度的CQI导频信道(F-CPICH)可被用于估计物理发射天线上的宽带频域信道响应。在906，基于接收自接入终端的反馈来维护码本。例如，来自码本条目的信号质量可基于CQI导频信道反馈来计算出。这些信号质量可结合使用户集群来使用(并由此维护码本)。更详细地，SDMA模式下的每个接入终端可报告优选波束索引，该索引被保持在码本内的特定SDMA群集内。对应于同一SDMA群集的接入终端被放置于基本相似的组中，其中该组内的用户被调度成使他们保持正交(例如，他们不重叠)。这是因为相同SDMA群集内的波束会具有相似的空间特性；因此，使用这些波束的接入终端很可能具有相似的空间特性且不应当重叠。在908处，第一和第二信道树基于码本的内容来更新。例如，同一组内的用户可在同一棵信道树上调度。不同组中的用户可共享时频资源，由此可在不同信道树上调度。方法900在910处结束。
转到图10，它示出了用于在无线通信环境中分配资源的方法1000。该方法1000在1002处开始，并且在1004处确定第一接入终端为使用SDMA的候选者。例如，可维护并分析码本以确定该接入终端为使用SDMA的候选者。在详细示例中，可确定接入终端在空间上与相异接入终端相隔足够距离以使用SDMA。在1006处，第一接入终端被指派到一个或多个跳跃端口，并且在1008处，这一个或多个跳跃端口在第一信道树中被映射到一个或多个频率范围。然而，应当理解，这些跳跃端口可在被指派给接入终端之前就被映射到频率，并且方法1000的动作的次序可取决于上下文和/或实现而改变。在1010处，确定第二接入终端为使用SDMA的候选者，并且在1012处，该第二接入终端被指派到一个或多个跳跃端口。在1014处，与该第二接入终端相关联的该一个或多个跳跃端口被映射到与第一接入终端相关联的那一个或多个跳跃端口所映射到的相同的频率范围。这使得该第一接入终端和该第二接入终端能够共享时频资源。然后，方法1000在1016处完成。
图11示出了示例性多址无线通信系统。多址无线通信系统1100包括例如蜂窝小区1102、1104和1106的多个蜂窝小区。在图11中所示的示例性系统中，各个蜂窝小区1102、1104和1106可包括包含多个扇区的接入点1150。这多个扇区是由各自负责与在该蜂窝小区的一部分中的接入终端通信的多组天线形成的。在蜂窝小区1102中，天线组1112、1114和1116各自对应于一不同扇区。在蜂窝小区1104中，天线组1118、1120和1122各自对应于一不同扇区。在蜂窝小区1106中，天线组1124、1126和1128各自对应于一不同扇区。
每个蜂窝小区包括在与每个接入点的一个或多个扇区通信的若干接入终端。例如，接入终端1130和1132在与接入点(或基站)1142通信，接入终端1134和1136在与接入点1144通信，而接入终端1138和1140在与接入点1146通信。
如图11中所示，每个接入终端1130、1132、1134、1136、1138和1140位于其相应蜂窝小区中与在同一蜂窝小区中的各个其它接入终端不同的部分中。另外，每个接入终端可与其正进行通信的相应天线组相距不同距离。这两个因素、且还因蜂窝小区中的环境和其它条件提供了导致每个接入终端与其所通信的相应天线组之间呈现不同信道条件的情形。
如本文所用的，接入点可以是用于与终端通信的固定站，并且还可称为基站、B节点或其它某个术语并包括其一部分或全部功能。接入终端还可称为用户装备(UE)、无线通信设备、终端、移动站、接入终端或其它某个术语并包括其一部分或全部功能。
在一个示例中，可在基站处使用例如固定或自适应扇区等的已知波束集合以提供SDMA。如果基站了解每个用户的最佳波束，则其可在不同用户要在不同波束上接收数据的情况下向这些不同用户分配同一信道。在另一示例中，系统1100可包括对应于无预编码的全向波束。基站将使用此波束进行广播或多播传输。在又一示例中，系统1100可在不用SDMA的情况下使用预编码——如果这种信道信息被报告给用户的话即为如此。
SDMA索引可能是可相对缓慢变化的参数。这可能由于用于计算SDMA索引的那个(些)索引是捕捉可由移动设备测量的用户空间统计而发生。此信息可被移动设备用来计算其所优选的波束并向基站指示该波束。即使没有功率分配，知道发射机处的信道也能增大容量，对于发射天线TM的数目大于接收天线的数目RM的那些系统而言尤甚。该容量增大是通过沿信道本征矢量的方向进行发射来获得的。反馈此信道需要开销。
SDMA在发射机处提供了足够丰富的波束集合，这允许在调度中有充分的灵活性。用户被调度到通过某种反馈机制向基站发信号通知的波束上。为实现高效率调度，发射机在特定波束被用于调度用户的情况下应具有关于每个用户的信道质量信息。
图12示出了示例性无线通信系统1200。三扇区基站1202包括多个天线组，一组包括1204和1206，另一组包括天线1208和1210，而第三组包括天线1212和1214。对每个天线组仅示出两个天线，但是对于每个天线组可使用更多或更少的天线。移动设备1216在与天线1212和1214通信，其中天线1212和1214通过前向链路1218向移送设备1216传送信息，并通过反向链路1220从移动设备1216接收信息。移动设备1222在与天线1204和1206通信，其中天线1204和1206通过前向链路1224向移送设备1222传送信息，并通过反向链路1226从移动设备1222接收信息。
每个天线组和/或它们被指定在其中通信的区域可称为基站1202的扇区。例如，天线组各自可被设计成对基站1202所覆盖的区域中的扇区中的移动设备进行通信。基站可以是用于与终端通信的固定站并且还可称为接入点、B节点或其它某个术语。移动设备还可称为移动站、用户装备(UE)、无线通信设备、终端、接入终端、用户设备、手机或其它某个术语。
SDMA可与诸如正交频分多址(OFDMA)系统等的频分系统一起使用。OFDMA系统将系统总带宽分割成多个正交子带。这些子带也被称为频调、载波、副载波、频段和/或频率信道。每个子带与可用数据调制的副载波相关联。OFDMA系统可使用时分和/或频分复用来实现多个用户设备的多个数据传输中的正交性。可对各用户设备组分配单独的子带，并且每个用户设备的数据传输可在分配给此用户设备的子带上发送。
图13示出了采用SDMA以增加无线通信环境中的系统容量的系统1300。系统1300可如本领域技术人员所理解地一样驻留在基站和/或用户设备中。系统1300包括接收机1302，该接收机从例如一个或多个接收天线接收信号并对所接收的信号执行典型动作(例如，滤波、放大、下变频、……)并数字化经调理信号以获得样本。解调器1304可解调接收到的导频码元并将其提供给处理器1306以进行信道估计。
处理器1306可以是专用于分析接收机组件1302接收到的信息和/或生成要由发射机1314传送的信息的处理器。处理器1306可以是控制系统1300的一个或多个部分的处理器、和/或分析接收机1302接收到的信息、生成要由发射机1314传送的信息、以及控制系统1300的一个或多个部分的处理器。系统1300可包括协调波束指派的优化组件1308。优化组件1308可被纳入到处理器1306中。应当理解，优化组件1308可包括结合将用户设备指派到波束来执行基于效用的分析的优化代码。就优化用户设备波束指派而言，该优化代码可结合执行推理和/或概率确定和/或基于统计的确定来使用基于人工智能的方法。
系统(用户设备)1300可另外包括存储器1310，该存储器可操作地耦合至处理器1306并存储与波束方向图信息有关的信息、包括与其有关的信息的查找表、以及与本文所描述的波束成形有关的任何其它合适信息。存储器1310可另外存储与生成查找表等相关联的协议，以使得系统1300可使用所存储的协议和/或算法来增大系统容量。将可理解，本文所描述的数据存储(例如，存储器)组件或可以是易失性存储器或可以是非易失性存储器，或可包括易失性和非易失性存储器两者。作为示例而非限定，非易失性存储器可包括只读存储器(ROM)、可编程ROM(PROM)、电可编程ROM(EPROM)、电可擦除ROM(EEPROM)、或闪存。易失性存储器可包括用作外部高速缓冲存储器的随机存取存储器(RAM)。作为示例而非限定，RAM有许多形式可用，诸如同步RAM(SRAM)、动态RAM(DRAM)、同步DRAM(SDRAM)、双数据率SDRAM(DDR SDRAM)、增强型SDRAM(ESDRAM)、同步链路DRAM(SLDRAM)和直接存储器总线RAM(DRRAM)。本主题系统和方法的存储器1310旨在包括而不限于这些以及任何其它合适类型的存储器。处理器1306连接到码元调制器1312和传送已调制信号的发射机1314。
图14示出了使用SDMA来增大无线通信环境中的系统容量的系统。系统1400包括具有接收机1410的基站1402，该接收机经由一个或多个接收天线1406从一个或多个用户设备1404接收信号并通过多个发射天线1408向一个或多个用户设备1404传送。在一个示例中，接收天线1406和发射天线1408可使用单个天线集合来实现。接收机1410可从接收天线1406接收信息并可操作地与解调接收到的信息的解调器1412相关联。如本领域技术人员将可理解的，接收机1410可是例如耙式接收机(例如，使用基带相关器分别处理各个多径信号分量的技术，…)、基于MMSE的接收机、或用于分离出向其指派的用户设备的某种其它合适的接收机。例如，可使用多个接收机(例如，每个接收机一个接收天线)，并且这些接收机可彼此通信以提供对用户数据更好的估计。已解调码元由类似于以上参照图13所描述的处理器的处理器1414来分析，并且可被耦合至存储与用户设备指派有关的信息、与其有关的查找表等的存储器1416。每个天线的接收机输出可由接收机1410和/或处理器1414联合处理。调制器1418可对信号进行复用以由发射机1420通过发射天线1408传送到用户设备1404。
基站1402还包括指派组件1422，该指派组件可以区别于处理器1414或与其整合的处理器，并且其可评价由基站1404服务的扇区中汇聚的所有用户设备，并可至少部分地基于各个用户设备的位置来将用户设备指派到波束。
图15示出了多址接入无线通信系统1500中的发射机和接收机。出于简化目的，该无线通信系统1500绘制了一个基站和一个用户设备；然而，应当理解，该系统可包括多于一个基站和/或多于一个用户设备，其中另加的基站和/或用户设备可与以下所描述的示例性基站和用户设备基本相类似或不同。另外，应当理解，该基站和/或该用户设备可采用本文所描述系统和/或方法来促进其间的无线通信。
在发射机系统1510处，从数据源1512将多个数据流的话务数据提供给发射(TX)数据处理器1514。在一个示例中，每个数据流可通过一相应发射天线来发射。TX数据处理器1514基于为数据流选择的特定编码方案对每个数据流的话务数据进行格式化、编码和交织以提供经编码的数据。例如，TX数据处理器1514可基于码元将送往哪个用户以及码元将从哪个天线发射来将波束成形权重施加到各数据流的码元。在某些实施例中，波束成形权重可基于指示接入点与接入终端之间传输路径的条件的信道响应信息来生成。该信道响应信息可使用由用户提供的CQI信息或信道估计来生成。此外，在调度好的传送的那些情形中，TX数据处理器1514可基于传送自用户的秩信息来选择分组格式。
可使用OFDM技术来将每个数据流的经编码数据与导频数据进行复用。该导频数据通常是以已知方式处理并可在接收机系统处用于估计信道响应的已知数据模式。经复用的导频和每个数据流的经编码数据随后基于为该数据流选择的特定调制方案(例如，BPSK、QSPK、M-PSK或M-QAM)被调制(例如，码元映射)以提供调制码元。每个数据流的数据率、编码和调制可由一经提供即由处理器1550执行提供的指令来确定。在某些实施例中，并行空间流的数目可根据传送自用户的秩信息而改变。
各个数据流的调制码元被提供给TX MIMO处理器1520，该处理器可进一步处理这些调制码元(例如，为OFDM)。TX MIMO处理器1520向NT个发射机(TMTR)1522a到1522t提供NT个码元流。例如，TX MIMO处理器1520可基于码元是送往哪个用户以及码元是从从哪个天线发射来根据该用户的信道响应信息将波束成形权重施加到各个数据流的码元。
每个发射机1522接收并处理相应的一个码元流以提供一个或多个模拟信号，并进一步对这些模拟信号进行调理(例如，放大、滤波、和上变频)以提供适于在MIMO信道上传送的已调制信号。来自发射机1522a到1522t的NT个已调制信号分别从NT个天线1524a到1524t发射。
在接收机系统1550处，所传送的已调制信号由NR个天线1552a到1552r接收，并且来自每个天线1552的接收到的信号被提供给相应的一个接收机(RCVR)1554。每个接收机1554对相应的一个接收到的信号进行调理(例如，滤波、放大、和下变频)、数字化经调理的信号以提供样本，并且进一步处理这些样本以提供相对应的“收到”码元流。
RX数据处理器1560随后从NR个接收机1554接收这NR个接收到的码元流并基于特定接收机处理技术进行处理以提供“检测出”的码元流的秩数。在以下更详细地描述由RX数据处理器1560进行的处理。每个检测出的码元流包括由对为相对应数据流传送的调制码元的估计构成的码元。RX数据处理器1560随后解调、解交织并解码每个检测出的码元流以恢复该数据流的话务数据。RX数据处理器1560进行的处理与发射机系统1510处TX MIMO处理器1520和TX MIMO处理器1514执行的处理互补。
由RX处理器1560生成的信道响应估计可被用于执行接收机处的空间、空/时处理、调节功率电平、改变调制率或方案、或者其它动作。RX处理器1560还可估计这些检测出的码元流的信噪干扰比(SNR)以及还可能有其它信道特性，并向处理器1570提供这些量值。RX数据处理器1560或处理器1570还可导出对系统的“有效”SNR的估计。处理器1570随后提供估计的信道信息(CSI)，该信息可包括与通信链路和/或接收到的数据流有关的各种类型的信息。例如，CSI可仅包括工作SNR。该CSI随后由还从数据源1576接收多个数据流的话务数据的TX数据处理器1538来处理，由调制器1580调制，由发射机1554a到1554r调理，并传回给发射机系统1510。
在发射机系统1510处，来自接收机系统1550的已调信号由天线1524接收，由接收机1522调理，由解调器1540解调，并由RX数据处理器1542处理以恢复出接收机系统报告的CSI。所报告的CSI随后被提供给处理器1530并用于(1)确定要对各个数据流使用的数据率及编码和调制方案，以及(2)生成对TX数据处理器1514和TX MIMO处理器1520的各种控制。
在接收机处，可使用各种技术来处理这NR个接收到的信号以检测这NT个传送的码元流。这些接收机处理技术可被分成两个主要类别：(i)空间和空时接收机处理技术(也称为均衡技术)；以及(ii)“逐次消零/均衡和干扰消去”接收机处理技术(也称为“逐次干扰消去”或“逐次消去”接收机处理技术)。
由这NT个发射天线和NR个接收天线形成的MIMO信道可被分解成Ns个独立信道，其中Ns≤min{NT，NR}。这Ns个独立信道中的每一个也可称为该MIMO信道的一个空间子信道(或传输信道)并对应于一个维数。
对于软件实现，本文所描述的技术可用执行本文所描述的功能的模块(例如，过程、函数等)来实现。软件代码可被存储在存储器单元中并由处理器执行。存储器单元可在处理器内实现，或可实现在处理器外部，在后一种情形中其可经由本领域中公知的各种手段通信地耦合至处理器。
应当理解，本文所描述的实施例可通过硬件、软件、固件、中间件、微代码或其任何组合来实现。对于硬件实现，接入点或接入终端内的各个处理单元可在一个或多个专用集成电路(ASIC)、数字信号处理器(DSP)、数字信道处理器件(DSPD)、可编程逻辑器件(PLD)、现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)、处理器、控制器、微控制器、微处理器、设计成执行本文所描述的功能的其它电子单元、或其组合内实现。
当在软件、固件、中间件或微代码、程序代码或代码段中实现这些系统和/或方法时，它们可被存储在诸如存储组件的机器可读介质中。代码段可表示过程、函数、子程序、程序、例程、子例程、模块、软件包、类、或指令、数据结构或程序语句的任何组合。代码段可通过传递和/或接收信息、数据、自变量、参数或存储器内容来耦合至另一代码段或硬件电路。信息、自变量、参数、数据等可使用包括存储器共享、消息传递、令牌传递、网络传输等的任何合适手段来传递、转发或传送。
对于软件实现，本文所描述的技术可用执行本文所描述的功能的模块(例如，过程、函数等)来实现。软件代码可被存储在存储器单元中并由处理器执行。存储器单元可在处理器内实现，或实现于存储器外部，在后一种情形中其可经由本领域中公知的各种手段通信地耦合至处理器。
以上所描述的包括所要求权利的主题的示例。当然，出于描述此主题的目的而要描述组件或方法的每一种可构想到的组合是不可能的，但是本领域普通技术人员可认识到，许多进一步的组合和置换是可能的。因此，所要求权利的主题旨在涵盖落在所附权利要求的精神和范围内的所有这类变更、修改和变形。此外，就术语“包括”在本详细描述或权利要求中所使用的范畴而言，此术语旨在以与术语“包含”类似的方式作包含在内之解，正如“包含”在权利要求书中作为过渡词使用时所解释的那样。

Claims (24)

1.一种用于在无线通信环境中分配资源的方法，包括：
接收第一跳跃端口与频率范围之间的映射；以及
确定是否将第二接入终端指派到在基本相似的时间实例期间被映射到至少同一频率范围的第二跳跃端口，所述确定是根据与和所述第一跳跃端口相关联的第一接入终端有关的特性来作出的；
确定所述第一接入终端是将使用空分多址(SDMA)的候选者；以及
当所述第二接入终端也是将使用空分多址的候选者时映射所述第二跳跃端口并且使所述第二接入终端与所述第二跳跃端口关联。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，第一信道树包括跳跃端口与频率范围之间的多个映射，所述第一信道树还包括所述第一跳跃端口，并且第二信道树包括跳跃端口与频率范围之间的多个映射，所述第二信道树还包括所述第二跳跃端口。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括：
确定所述第一接入终端并非是将使用空分多址的候选者；以及
防止所述第二跳跃端口的映射。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，第一信道树包括跳跃端口与频率范围之间根据第一跳跃置换的多个映射，并且第二信道树包括跳跃端口与所述频率范围之间根据所述第一跳跃置换的多个映射。
5.如权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括：
确定所述第一接入终端具有第一空间方向；
确定第二接入终端具有第二空间方向；
在第一时间段里将所述第一接入终端映射到所述第一跳跃端口；以及
在所述第一时间段里将所述第二接入终端映射到所述第二跳跃端口。
6.如权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括：
使所述第一接入终端与所述第一信道树中的第一多个跳跃端口关联；以及
防止第三接入终端到所述第二信道树中所述第一多个跳跃端口的关联。
7.如权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括：确定所述第三接入终端正在分集模式下操作，并且其中所述防止包括在所述第三接入终端正在所述分集模式下操作时防止关联。
8.如权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，每个跳跃端口被映射到一频率范围，所述方法还包括：
将所述第一多个跳跃端口随机地映射到所述频率范围内的频率；以及
将第二多个跳跃端口随机地映射到所述频率范围内的频率。
9.如权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括：
接收来自所述第一接入终端的指示所述第一方向的量化值；以及
基于所述量化值使所述第一接入终端与所述第一跳跃端口关联。
10.如权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，所述量化值是选自码本。
11.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括从所述第一接入终端接收信道信息，并且其中所述确定包括基于所述信道信息进行确定。
12.如权利要求11所述的方法，其特征在于，所述信道信息包括信道质量指示。
13.一种用于在无线通信环境中管理频率资源的装置，包括：
用于确定第一接入终端和第二接入终端为将使用空分多址的候选者的装置；以及
用于将所述第一接入终端指派到第一跳跃端口并将所述第二接入终端指派到第二跳跃端口的装置，所述第一和第二跳跃端口被映射到基本相似的时频资源。
14.如权利要求13所述的装置，其特征在于，还包括：
用于分析包括所述第一跳跃端口与所述时频资源之间的映射的第一信道树的装置；以及
用于在第二信道树中定义所述第二跳跃端口与所述时频资源之间的映射的装置。
15.如权利要求13所述的装置，其特征在于，还包括：
用于维护码本的装置，所述码本包括与指示和所述第一接入终端相关联的第一空间方向的量化值有关的信息；以及
用于根据所述量化值来定义与所述第一信道树和所述第二信道树相关联的映射的装置。
16.如权利要求13所述的装置，其特征在于，还包括：
用于确定第三接入终端并非是将使用空分多址的候选者的装置；以及
用于确保所述第三接入终端不与其它接入终端共享时频资源的装置。
17.如权利要求13所述的装置，其特征在于，还包括：
用于将第一多个跳跃端口映射到一频率范围内的频率集合的装置；以及
用于将第二多个跳跃端口映射到所述频率范围内的所述频率集合以使得所述第一多个跳跃端口内的跳跃端口与所述第二多个跳跃端口内相对应的跳跃端口被映射到所述频率集合内相对应的频率的装置。
18.如权利要求13所述的装置，其特征在于，还包括：
用于将第一多个跳跃端口随机地映射到一频率范围内的频率集合的装置；以及
用于将与所述第一多个跳跃端口相对应的第二多个跳跃端口随机地映射到所述频率范围内的所述频率集合以使得所述第一多个跳跃端口和所述第二多个跳跃端口内相对应的跳跃端口不被映射到基本相似的频率的装置。
19.一种用于在无线通信环境中分配资源的设备，包括：
用于确定第一接入终端是将使用空分多址的候选者的装置；
用于将所述第一接入终端指派到在第一信道树中被映射至一个或多个频率频调的一个或多个跳跃端口的装置；
用于确定第二接入终端是将使用空分多址的候选者的装置；
用于将所述第二接入终端指派到一个或多个跳跃端口的装置；以及
用于将与所述第二接入终端相关联的所述一个或多个跳跃端口映射到与所述第一接入终端相关联的所述一个或多个跳跃端口所映射到的相同的频率范围的装置。
20.如权利要求19所述的设备，其特征在于，还包括用于确定所述第一接入终端在空间上与所述第二接入终端相隔足够距离以使所述第一接入终端与所述第二接入终端能共享时频资源的装置。
21.如权利要求19所述的设备，其特征在于，还包括：
用于确定第三接入终端并非是将使用空分多址的候选者的装置；
用于将所述第三接入终端指派到所述第一信道树内的一个或多个跳跃端口的装置；以及
用于确保所述第二信道树内与所述第一信道树内关联于所述第三接入终端的跳跃端口相对应的跳跃端口不被指派给相异的接入终端的装置。
22.如权利要求21所述的设备，其特征在于，还包括：
用于将与所述第一接入终端相关联的所述一个和多个跳跃端口随机地映射到所述一个或多个频率频调的装置；以及
用于将与所述第二接入终端相关联的所述一个和多个跳跃端口随机地映射到所述一个或多个频率频调的装置。
23.一种用于增强无线通信环境的性能的设备，包括：
用于使第一接入终端关联到第一跳跃端口集合的装置，所述第一接入终端被配置成在OFDM/OFDMA环境中操作，所述第一接入终端是将使用空分多址的候选者；
用于将所述第一跳跃端口集合映射到频率范围的装置；
用于使第二接入终端关联到第二跳跃端口集合的装置，所述第二接入终端被配置成在OFDM/OFDMA环境中操作，所述第二接入终端是将使用空分多址的候选者；以及
用于将所述第二跳跃端口集合映射到所述频率范围以使得所述第一跳跃端口集合和所述第二跳跃端口集合在基本相似的时间被映射到所述频率范围的装置。
24.如权利要求23所述的设备，其特征在于，还包括用于确保所述第一和第二接入终端在空间上相隔阈值距离的装置。
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