CN101292460B - 频段灵敏调度 - Google Patents

频段灵敏调度 Download PDF

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CN101292460B
CN101292460B CN2006800385277A CN200680038527A CN101292460B CN 101292460 B CN101292460 B CN 101292460B CN 2006800385277 A CN2006800385277 A CN 2006800385277A CN 200680038527 A CN200680038527 A CN 200680038527A CN 101292460 B CN101292460 B CN 101292460B
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frequency range
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CN101292460A (zh
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阿列克谢·戈罗霍夫
季庭方
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Qualcomm Inc
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0058—Allocation criteria
    • H04L5/006—Quality of the received signal, e.g. BER, SNR, water filling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/14—Two-way operation using the same type of signal, i.e. duplex
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0044—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path allocation of payload
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/14—Two-way operation using the same type of signal, i.e. duplex
    • H04L5/1438—Negotiation of transmission parameters prior to communication
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/50—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources
    • H04W72/56—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources based on priority criteria
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/0001—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff
    • H04L1/0002—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff by adapting the transmission rate
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/0001—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff
    • H04L1/0009—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff by adapting the channel coding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/0001—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff
    • H04L1/0023—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff characterised by the signalling
    • H04L1/0026—Transmission of channel quality indication
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/12—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel
    • H04L1/16—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel in which the return channel carries supervisory signals, e.g. repetition request signals
    • H04L1/18—Automatic repetition systems, e.g. Van Duuren systems
    • H04L1/1812—Hybrid protocols; Hybrid automatic repeat request [HARQ]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L25/00—Baseband systems
    • H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
    • H04L25/03—Shaping networks in transmitter or receiver, e.g. adaptive shaping networks
    • H04L25/0398—Restoration of channel reciprocity
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0001—Arrangements for dividing the transmission path
    • H04L5/0003—Two-dimensional division
    • H04L5/0005—Time-frequency
    • H04L5/0007—Time-frequency the frequencies being orthogonal, e.g. OFDM(A), DMT
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0048—Allocation of pilot signals, i.e. of signals known to the receiver
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0053—Allocation of signaling, i.e. of overhead other than pilot signals
    • H04L5/0057—Physical resource allocation for CQI
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0058—Allocation criteria
    • H04L5/0064—Rate requirement of the data, e.g. scalable bandwidth, data priority

Abstract

本发明揭示调度OFDMA系统中的副载波的系统及方法，其中调度器考虑通信装置所经历的信道条件以优化信道条件。所述调度器可将跨越操作带宽的一组副载波分割成多个频段。所述频段可包括多个全局频段，所述多个全局频段各自包括大致跨越整个操作带宽的一不同的非邻接子组的副载波。可将一个或一个以上全局频段进一步分割成多个局部频段，所述多个局部频段各自具有小于信道相干带宽的带宽。所述调度器通过报告或信道估计来确定每一通信装置所经历的信道特征，并根据所述信道特征将一个或一个以上频段分配给每一装置的通信链路。

Description

频段灵敏调度
根据35 U.S.C.§119的优先权请求
本专利申请案请求基于2005年8月22日提出申请的标题为“频段灵敏调度(CHANNEL SENSITIVE SCHEDULING)”的第60/710,461号临时专利申请案的优先权，所述临时专利申请案已受让给本专利申请案的受让人且明确地并入本文供参考。
技术领域
本发明涉及无线通信领域。更具体来说，本发明涉及调度无线通信系统中的资源。
背景技术
在无线通信系统中操作的通信装置可受到通信装置所经历的信道条件的剧烈改变的影响。信道条件可受到外来干扰器的影响且可受到物理关系和分离无线发射机与接收器的地形的改变的影响。
众所周知，始发于发射机处的无线信号因到接收器的实际距离而被衰减。另外，已知从发射机到接收器的多路径信号可导致信道衰落。
无线通信系统可通过增加发射功率或通过增加与所述发射信号相关联的调制或编码增益来补偿衰减。无线通信系统可通过实施允许接收器单独识别多路径信号的宽带信号来部分地补偿多路径衰落。
实施频分多路复用的无线通信系统可在相对宽的频带带宽上操作。所述操作带宽可充分宽到以使得在相同位置但以不同操作频率操作的不同通信装置可大致经历不同的信道条件及信道衰落。另外，每一通信装置可不以充分宽的频带信号操作以允许所述装置补偿多路径衰落。
需要具有在频分多路复用通信系统中以补偿或否则大致消除频率选择性信道条件的效应的方式与多个通信装置通信的能力。
发明内容
本发明揭示调度OFDMA系统中的副载波的系统及方法，其中调度器考虑通信装置所经历的信道条件以优化信道条件。所述调度器可将跨越操作带宽的一组副载波分割成多个频段。所述频段可包括多个全局频段，其各自包括大致跨越整个操作带宽的一不同的非邻接子组的副载波。一个或一个以上全局频段可进一步分割成多个局部频段，其各自具有一小于信道、载波或相干带宽的带宽。所述调度器通过报告或信道估计来确定每一通信装置所经历的信道特征，并根据所述频段特征将一个或一个以上频段分配给每一装置的通信链路。
本发明包括一种在包括多个跨越操作频带的副载波的正交频分多址(OFDMA)通信系统中的频段灵敏调度方法。所述方法包括将所述操作频带分割成多个频段，根据接收器所经历的信道特征确定指示优选频段的频段择优，及将所述优选频段中的一子组副载波指派给与所述频段择优相关联的特定通信链路。
本发明包括一种频段灵敏调度方法，所述方法包括：将所述操作频带分割成多个频段；确定用户数据约束；如果所述用户数据约束包括大于载波、频段或类似者的相干带宽的数据带宽要求，那么从具有跨越所述操作频带的相当打大部分的一非邻接子组的副载波的全局频段中指派副载波；如果所述数据带宽要求不大于载波、频段或类似物的相干带宽，那么根据接收器所经历的信道特征确定指示优选局部频段的频段择优，所述优选局部频段选自多个局部频段，所述多个局部频段中的每一个均具有一小于所述相干带宽的带宽；及将所述优选局部频段中的一子组副载波指派给与所述频段择优相关联的通信链路。
本发明包括一种用于频段灵敏调度的设备。所述设备包括：接收器模块，其经配置以接收导频信号；信道估计器，其耦合到所述接收器且经配置以根据所述导频信号确定对应于跨越所述操作频带的多个频段中的每一者的信道估计，所述频段中的每一者均具有一小于相干带宽的带宽；信号映射器，其经配置以将串行数据符号映射到所述OFDMA通信系统中所述多个副载波的一子组；及资源调度器，其耦合到所述信道估计器且经配置以根据信道估计确定第一优选频段、从所述第一优选频段中选择所述多个副载波的所述子组，且经进一步配置以控制所述信号映射器将所述数据符号映射到所述多个副载波的所述子组。
本发明包括一种用于频段灵敏调度的设备，所述设备包括：接收器模块，其经配置以接收反向链路导频信号及至少一个信道特征报告消息；及调度器，其耦合到所述接收器模块且经配置以根据所述反向链路导频信号确定对应于跨越所述操作频带的多个频段中的每一者的信道特征，所述频段的每一者具有一小于相干带宽的带宽，所述调度器经配置以根据所述信道特征确定反向链路指派且经进一步配置以根据所述至少一个信道特征报告消息确定正向链路资源指派。
本发明包括一种用于频段灵敏调度的设备，所述设备包括：确定装置，其用于根据接收器所经历的信道特征从大致跨越所述操作频带的多个频段中确定指示优选频段的频段择优；及指派装置，其用于将所述优选频段中的一子组副载波指派给与所述频段择优相关联的特定通信链路。
本发明包括一种报告频段特征的方法。所述方法包括：接收导频信号；确定对应于跨越所述操作频带的多个频段中的每一者的频段特征，每一频段具有一小于相干带宽的带宽；从所述多个频段中确定一优选频段；将对应于所述优选频段的信道特征与报告阈值进行比较；及如果对应于所述优选频段的信道特征超出所述报告阈值，那么根据所述优选频段产生报告消息。
附图说明
结合图式阅读下文陈述的详细说明，将更显见本发明实施例的特点、目的及优点，在图式中，相同的元件均指代相同的参考编号。
图1是具有频段灵敏调度的通信系统的实施例的简化功能框图。
图2是使用频段灵敏调度的发射机的实施例的简化功能框图。
图3是实施频段灵敏调度的系统中的接收器的实施例的简化功能框图。
图4是频段灵敏调度方法的实施例的简化流程图。
图5是实施频段灵敏调度的系统中的频段特征报告方法的实施例的简化流程图。
具体实施方式
对正交频分多址(OFDMA)通信系统中的副载波资源的频段灵敏调度提供一种形式的多用户频率分集。频段灵敏调度器操作以调度与具有最大增益的所述OFDMA系统中的可用副载波上的通信装置的通信链路。
频率选择性是宽带无线通信系统的共同特征。具有相同平均信道强度的用户在特定频率音调下可能具有完全不同的信道强度。用户观察到的干扰通常也具频率选择性。因此，用户最好在所述频率音调上以高信号电平或低干扰电平进行通信，此取决于所述系统的用户数据要求及信息资源。本文所论述的频段灵敏调度方案在开销及等待时间约束下根据用户频率或信道特征对频率音调(例如OFDMA系统中的副载波)实施调度。
频段灵敏调度的一组受益者包括具有低信噪比(SNR)、有限指派大小及低移动性的用户。根据信息理论，SNR改良通过对数函数转变成容量增益，因此，如果SNR低，那么所述容量增益就大。在实际的系统中，高SNR用户的容量也可能受到最高阶调制的容量或在某一SNR下饱和的编码方案的限制，此减小了因SNR进一步改良所带来的改良。高数据速率用户要求在总带宽的一大部分上传输信号，此降低了在平均频段SNR上所调度的传输的潜在增益。所述调度及传输延迟可使得难以根据过去的信道观察在高移动性用户优选音调上对其进行调度。幸运地，广域网中的许多用户满足SNR、指派大小及移动性要求从而受益于频段灵敏调度。
OFDMA系统中的调度器可经配置以调度从基站到用户终端的正向链路通信、从用户终端到基站的反向链路通信、或正向链路及反向链路通信的组合。调度器可独立于反向链路调度实施正向链路调度。在其他实施例中，所述调度器可使正向链路调度与反向链路调度相关。
所述调度器操作以至少部分地根据通信装置所经历的信道特征来调度信道资源。在一个实施例中，所述调度器可根据从通信装置传送到所述调度器的一个或一个以上报告消息中所包含的一个或一个以上信道质量指示符(CQI)来确定信道特征。在另一实施例中，所述调度器可经配置以通过信道估计来确定信道特征。在再一实施例中，所述调度器可使用报告消息及信道估计的组合来确定信道特征。
图1是经配置以根据信道特征调度资源的无线通信系统100的实施例的简化功能框图。系统100包括可与用户终端110通信的一个或一个以上固定元件。虽然对图1的系统100的说明通常阐述无线电话系统或无线数据通信系统，但系统100不限于实施为无线电话系统或无线数据通信系统，系统100也不限于具有图1中所示的特定元件。
用户终端110可以是(例如)经配置以根据一个或一个以上通信标准操作的无线电话。用户终端110可以是便携式单元、移动单元或固定单元。也可将用户终端110称作移动单元、移动终端、移动台、用户设备、便携式装置、电话及类似装置。虽然图1中仅显示单个用户终端110，但应了解，典型的无线通信系统100具有与多个用户终端110通信的能力。
用户终端110通常与一个或一个以上基站120a或120b(本文中将其描绘为扇区蜂窝式塔)通信。系统100的其他实施例可包括替代基站120a及120b的接入点。在这一系统100实施例中，BSC 130及MSC 140可略去或可用一个或一个以上交换机、集线器或路由器来替代。
如本文中所使用，基站可以是用于与终端进行通信的固定台站且也可被称作如下装置的某些或所有功能且包括如下装置的某些或所有功能：接入点，节点B，或某些其他术语。接入终端也可称作如下装置的某些或所有功能且包括如下装置的某些或所有功能：用户设备(UE)、无线通信装置、终端、移动台或某些其他术语。
用户终端110通常将与在所述用户终端110内的接收器处提供最强信号强度的基站(例如，120b)通信。每一基站120a及120b可包括一经配置以指派及调度频段资源的调度器。一个或一个以上基站120a-120b可经配置以调度正向链路、反向链路或两个链路中使用的信道资源。
每一基站120a及120b可耦合到来往于适宜基站120a及120b路由通信信号的基站控制器(BSC)140。BSC 140耦合到移动交换中心(MSC)150，移动交换中心(MSC)150可经配置以起到用户终端110与公共交换电话网络(PSTN)150之间的接口的作用。在另一实施例中，系统100可实施包数据服务节点(PDSN)来替代或添加至PSTN 150。PDSN可操作以将包交换网络(例如，网络160)与系统100的无线部分介接在一起。
MSC150也可经配置以起到用户终端110与网络160之间的接口的作用。网络160可以是(例如)局域网(LAN)或广域网(WAN)。在一个实施例中，网络160包括互联网。因此，MSC150耦合到PSTN 150及网络160。MSC 150也可经配置以协调与其他通信系统(未显示)的系统间越区切换。
无线通信系统100可配置为其正向链路及反向链路两者中的通信均利用OFDMA通信的OFDM系统。术语正向链路是指从基站120a或120b到用户终端110的通信链路，而术语反向链路是指从用户终端110到基站120a或120b的通信链路。基站120a及120b与用户终端110两者均可分配资源以用于信道及干扰估计。例如，基站120a及120b与用户终端110两者可针对对应的接收器广播导频信号以供信道及干扰估计之用。
无线通信系统100可包括跨越所述OFDMA系统的操作带宽的一组副载波。通常，所述副载波相等地间隔开。无线通信系统100可分配一个或一个以上副载波作为防护频带，且系统100可不将所述防护频带中的副载波用于与用户终端110的通信。
在一个实施例中，无线通信系统100可包括跨越20MHz操作频带的2048个副载波。可在所述操作频带的每一端上分配防护频带，所述防护频带所具有的带宽大致等于六个副载波所占用的带宽。因此，在此实施例中，超过2000个副载波可分配用于与用户终端110的通信。
无线通信系统100可经配置以将所述操作频带分割成多个操作频段，所述操作频段中每一者可包括至少一个副载波。无线通信系统100可将正向链路及反向链路分割得相同。另一选择为，正向链路及反向链路频段界定可以是不同的。
所述频段可各自具有一不同组的副载波，以致不会将副载波分配给多在一个个频段。在另一实施例中，频段可具有重叠的副载波指派。所述频段可以是所述操作频带中的邻接频带或可以是所述操作频带中的非邻接频带。在一个实施例中，每一频段可跨越至少16个副载波或16个副载波的倍数，虽然并非所有副载波均可被分配给相同频段。另外，所述频段的大小可不相等，且靠近于所述操作频带边缘的频段可小于接近于所述操作频带中心的频段。
在一个实施例中，无线通信系统100可经配置以分割多个全局频段，其中每一全局频段具有一跨越所述总操作频带的相当大部分的带宽。全局频段的每一者通常包括所述整个组的副载波中的一非邻接子组。在一个实施例中，可界定两个全局频段，其中奇数副载波被分配到第一全局频段而偶数副载波被分配到第二全局频段。在另一实施例中，可界定三个全局频段，其中给每一全局频段指派所述操作频带中每第三个副载波。当然，所述全局频段不需要具有相等间隔的副载波，且不需要大致跨越整个操作频带。例如，可界定两个跨越所述操作频带的一半的全局频段，其中所述一半操作频带中的副载波被交替指派给所述全局频段。可界定各种其他频段分割，且本发明并非局限于任一特定频段分割。
无线通信系统100也可经配置以将所述操作频带分割成一个或一个以上局部频段。在一个实施例中，局部频段的每一者可包括所述操作频带中所有所述副载波的一邻接子组。在另一实施例中，至少一个局部频段可包括一非邻接子组的副载波。在一个实施例中，所述局部频段中的副载波的每一者可处于指派给所述相同局部频段的任一其他副载波的相干带宽中。所述相干带宽对应于其中相对于所述频带中的另一频率大致不发生频率选择性衰落的带宽。例如，一实施例可将所述操作频带分割成多个各具有一约1.25MHz带宽的频段。
例如，国际电信联盟(ITU)定义一称作Ped-B信道的信道模型。此信道模型具有约数百千赫的相干带宽。因此，局部频段可具有比所述Ped-B信道模型的相干带宽小的带宽。由于这一局部频段约束，任一特定局部频段中的资源指派均是相对频率非选择性的。也就是说，一个局部频段中的信道估计对于所述局部频段中的任一副载波组合可以是有效的。例如，具有20MHz操作带宽的无线通信系统100可将所述频带分割成各具有约1.25MHz的局部频段。
在一个实施例中，可将所述操作频带分割成预定数量的局部频段，每一局部频段具有大致相等数量的邻接副载波。在另一实施例中，无线通信系统100可包括全局及局部频段两者。例如，无线通信系统100可界定两个全局频段，其中副载波被交替指派给全局频段中的每一者。无线通信系统100可选择所述全局频段之一且可进一步将选定的全局频段分割成多个局部频段。
无线通信系统100可包括一个或一个以上经配置以将副载波资源指派分配给所述系统中的各种通信链路的调度器。例如，无线通信系统100可包括位于每一基站120a及120b处的一个或一个以上调度器。在一个实施例中，每一基站120a及120b可包括经配置以调度所述覆盖区域内的正向链路副载波指派的第一调度器及经配置以调度所述覆盖区域内的反向链路副载波指派的第二调度器。由于每一单个用户终端110通常不知晓关于特定覆盖区域中其他用户终端110的副载波指派。因此，无线通信系统100为每一覆盖区域实施一位于基站120a及120b处的集中式反向链路调度器可能是有利的。
所述调度器可经配置以部分地根据所述通信装置所经历的信道特征来确定包括副载波及对应频段的资源指派。例如，所述正向链路调度器可经配置以根据与特定用户终端110通信时基站(例如，120a)所经历的信道特征来指派副载波及频段。类似地，所述反向链路调度器可经配置以部分地根据所述反向链路信号所经历的信道特征将副载波及频段添加至每一用户终端110。
所述调度器可根据信道分析、信道特征报告及信道分析与报告的组合来确定正向及反向链路上的信道特征。所述调度器可经配置以将副载波及频段指派到呈现最大信号电平或具有最低干扰的通信链路。所述调度器可根据包括通信信号带宽在内的各种因素来确定指派到特定通信链路的副载波数量。当将频段及副载波指派到通信链路时，所述调度器也可考虑其他调度准则(例如，公平性、信号等待时间约束)及其他准则。
无线通信系统100可通过实施跳频来维持各种通信信道之间的某一水平的干扰分集。例如由基站120a或120b发射正向链路信号或由用户终端110发射的反向链路信号的通信链路可经配置以根据初始副载波指派及预定跳频算法来跳频跨越多个副载波。无线通信系统100可实施在所指派频段中强制执行跳频的跳频算法。因此，指派有频段中一子组载波的正向链路信号将在所述频段中实施跳频以提供某一水平的干扰分集。
无线通信系统100可经配置以对正向及反向链路进行频分双工(FDD)。在一FDD实施例中，正向链路从向链路频率偏移。因此，正向链路副载波从反向链路副载波频率偏移。通常，所述频率偏移是固定的，以使正向链路信道与反向链路副载波分离一预定频率偏移。正向链路及反向链路可使用FDD同步或同时通信。在一FDD系统中，针对正向或反向链路信号确定的信道估计通常对于互补FDD反向或正向链路信道并非是准确的信道估计。因此，在FDD系统中，可使用信道特征报告将信道特征传送至适宜的调度器。
在另一实施例中，无线通信系统100可经配置以对正向及反向链路进行频分双工(FDD)。在这一实施例中，正向链路及反向链路可共享相同的副载波，且无线通信系统100可在预定时间间隔上交替于正向与反向链路通信之间。在TDD中，所分配的频率信道在正向与反向链路之间是相同的，但分配给正向及反向链路的次数是不同的。对正向或反向链路信道实施的信道估计因互反性通常对于互补反向或正向链路信道也是准确的。
出于信道及干扰估计的目的，基站120a及120b与用户终端110可经配置以广播导频信号。所述导频信号可包括宽带导频，例如，多个CDMA波形或一跨越整个频谱的窄频带导频集合。所述宽带导频也可以是一在时间及频率上错列的窄频带导频集合。
在一个实施例中，导频信号可包括选自OFDM频率组的若干个音调。例如，导频信号可由选自OFDM频率组的均匀间隔的音调形成。可将所述均匀间隔配置称作错列导频信号。
基站120a或120b中的调度器可根据导频信号确定所述频段中每一者的信道特征。导频信号的接收方(例如正向链路方向上的用户终端110)可根据所接收的导频信号确定信道及干扰的估计。另外，用户终端110可(例如)通过确定所接收的信噪比(SNR)来确定所接收信号的信号质量估计。所接收信号的信号质量可量化为信道质量指示符(CQI)值，其可部分地根据所估计的信道及干扰来确定。在一实施多个操作频段的无线通信系统100中，用户终端110可确定对应于所述操作频段中每一者的信道及干扰估计且根据各种信道及干扰估计确定一个或一个以上CQI值。
用户终端110可将CQI值报告回基站(例如，120a)且基站120a中的调度器可比较所述操作频段中每一者的CQI值以确定分配给用户终端110的频段。用户终端110可直接在报告消息中报告CQI或可产生包括从所述CQI值导出的数据及信息的报告消息。例如，用户终端110可经配置以确定具有最大CQI值的频段并报告对应频段的CQI值及身份。如下文将更详细论述，用户终端110可经配置以在经指派的基础上或在以概率确定的基础上规律地报告CQI值或相关的报告消息。
无线通信系统100可实施重传过程，例如，混合自动重复请求(HARQ)算法。在这一系统中，发射机可以第一数据速率发送初始传输且可因接收未成功而以更低速率发送后续重传。HARQ递增冗余重传方案可在提供早期终止增益及强健性方面改良系统性能。然而，如果所调度的传输是基于过期的信息，那么可降低可归因于频段灵敏调度的改良，此可发生于HARQ系统中。如果不对所述频段及副载波进行再分配以用于HARQ协议的重传，那么在第一次传输时具有高SNR的频段可衰落并导致性能损失。
因此，在一个实施例中，无线通信系统100可经配置以再确定信道特征且可再调度指派到特定通信链路用于HARQ重传的副载波及频段。另一选择为，信道衰落发生在HARQ协议的最长重传持续时间期间内的概率、及HARQ重传发生在信道衰落期间的概率可能是充分低的。在这一情形中，所述无线通信系统可能不重调度副载波及频段供用于HARQ重传且如果在所述HARQ重传期间发生信道衰落，那么可允许通信链路经历轻微降格。
图2是可(例如)并入在图1的无线通信系统的基站中的OFDMA发射机200的实施例的简化功能框图。以下论述阐述其中在经配置以用于OFDMA通信的无线通信系统基站中实施发射机200的实施例。发射机200经配置以将一个或一个以上OFDMA信号发射到一个或一个以上用户终端。发射机200包括数据缓冲器210，数据缓冲器210经配置以存储既定发往一个或一个以上接收器的数据。数据缓冲器210可经配置(例如)以保持既定发往对应基站所支援的覆盖区域内的每一用户终端的数据。
所述数据可以是(例如)原始未经编码数据或已编码数据。通常，存储在数据缓冲器210中的数据未经编码且耦合到其中根据所需编码速率对数据进行编码的编码器212。编码器212可包括针对错误侦测及前向纠错(FEC)的编码。可根据一个或一个以上编码算法对数据缓冲器210中的数据进行编码。每一编码算法及所产生的编码速率可与多格式混合自动重复请求(HARQ)系统的特定数据格式相关联。所述编码可包括但不局限于：卷积编码、区块编码、交错、直接序列扩展、循环冗余编码及类似编码，或某些其他编码。
实施HARQ算法的无线通信系统可经配置以重传未成功解码的先前数据。HARQ算法可经配置以提供最大数值或重传，且所述重传的每一者可以低速率进行。在其他实施例中，HARQ算法可经配置以便以相同速率传输某些重传。
待传输的已编码数据耦合到串行-并行转换器及信号映射器214，其经配置以将来自编码器212的一串行数据流转换成多个并行数据流。调度器230确定每一用户终端的副载波数量、副载波身份及对应频率频段。调度器230给信号映射器214提供资源分配信息。分配给任一特定用户终端的载波数量可以是一子组所有可用的载波。因此，信号映射器214将既定发往一个特定用户终端的数据映射到那些与由调度器230分配给所述用户终端的数据载波相对应的并行数据流。
所述串行-并行转换器/信号映射器214的输出耦合到经配置以将预定部分的所述副载波分配到导频信号的导频模块220。在一个实施例中，所述导频信号可包括大致跨越整个操作频带的多个相等间隔开的副载波。导频模块220可经配置以使用对应的数据或导频信号调制OFDMA系统的所述载波中的每一者。
导频模块220的输出耦合到快速傅立叶逆转换(IFFT)模块222。IFFT模块222经配置以将OFDMA载波转换成对应的时域符号。当然，快速傅立叶变换(FFT)实施方案并非一要求，可使用离散傅立叶变换(DFT)或某些其他类型的转换来产生时域符号。IFFT模块222的输出耦合到经配置以将并行时域符号转换到串行流的并行-串行转换器224。
所述串行OFDMA符号流从并行-串行转换器224耦合到收发机240。在图2中所示的实施例中，收发机240是经配置以发射正向链路信号及接收反向链路信号的基站收发机。
收发机240包括正向链路发射机模块244，其经配置以将所述串行符号流转换成可以适宜频率通过天线246广播至用户终端的模拟信号。收发机240还可包括反向链路接收器模块242，其耦合到天线246且经配置以接收由一个或一个以上远程用户终端发射的信号。
调度器230可经配置以接收包括反向链路导频信号及信道特征报告消息的反向链路信号，并确定待指派到通信链路以用于所述用户终端的每一者的频段及副载波。如前面所述，调度器230可使用反向链路导频信号来确定反向链路资源分配。另外，调度器230可使用反向链路导频信号来确定用于TDD系统的正向链路资源分配，其中OFDMA系统将相同的带宽用于正向及反向链路。在图2中所示的实施例中，调度器230可用于调度正向及反向链路资源两者。在其他实施例中，单独的调度器可用于正向及反向链路。
反向链路接收器模块242可将反向导频信号耦合到信道估计器232，其在此实施例中被显示为调度器230的一部分。当然，信道估计器232并不局限于实施在调度器230内而是可实施在某一其他模块中，例如，反向链路接收器242内。信道估计器232可针对广播反向导频信号的所述用户终端中的每一者确定哪一频段具有最高信号功率或最高信噪比(SNR)。另外，信道估计器232可确定哪一频段具有最低干扰电平。
当副载波指派胜过基于最高平均信道强度分配资源的资源分配方案时，指派给全局频段的高带宽通信链路可能不经历显著改良。因此，在一个实施例中，信道估计器232确定每一局部频段的信道特征而不确定全局频段的信道特征。另一选择为，信道估计器232可经配置以确定全局频段的平均信道强度。
信道估计器232可将信道特征信息传送至资源调度器234，所述资源调度器操作以根据所述信道特征信息将副载波调度至适宜的正向链路。资源调度器234也可包括关于OFDMA系统中一个或一个以上开销信道的反向链路调度消息。
在一个实施例中，所述无线通信系统可实施使与资源指派相关联的开销最小化的指派算法。所述指派方法可称作“粘性指派”。或者，所述指派方法可称作持续指派或持久指派。在粘性指派中，用户的指派不会期满，除非接收到明确的去指派消息。给其他包括用户的当前资源ID的用户的指派消息被视为对此用户的对应资源的去指派消息。根据有利的信道特征给用户指派对应于特定频带的某一频段。此用户将保持在所述频段中的副载波接收或发送信息，直至接收到新指派。假设N个同时消息的有限调度开销，那么所述系统可潜在地同时调度M个用户，其中M比N大得多。
一旦将资源分配到特定通信链路，所述通信链路可继续所述指派。然而，副载波指派未必是静止的。例如，资源调度器234可实施信道树，所述信道树是可用资源的逻辑图。资源调度器234可经配置以根据所述信道树的逻辑结构来指派资源。资源调度器234或某一其他模块(例如，跳频模块238)可将来自信道树的逻辑资源指派映射到对应于OFDM系统的实际副载波的实际指派。
可将所述信道树组织成具有多个分支的分支结构。所述分支最终端接在所述树的称作叶节点或基础节点的最低层阶中。可给所述信道树中的每一分支节点指派一识别节点索引。另外，可给每一叶节点或基础节点指派一节点索引。通常，叶节点的数量可对应于OFDM系统中可用的实际副载波的数量。
每一节点包括一对应节点索引，且较高层阶分支节点可用于识别所述信道树中所述分支节点下面的所有节点。因此，给特定通信链路指派一特定分支节点会将所述特定分支节点下面出现的所有叶节点指派给所述通信链路。
虽然可将所述信道树的包括每一叶节点或基础节点的每一节点任意地映射到任一实际资源，但在所述信道树上提供某些映射约束可能是有利的。例如，可将叶节点划分成群组，其中每一叶节点群组大约对应于一频段中的副载波数量。因此，某些叶节点可被划分成对应于全局频段的群组，而其他叶节点可被划分成对应于局部频段的群组。
因此，可根据叶节点的分组组织分支节点，且指派一分支节点相当于指派所述分支节点下面出现的节点中的所有资源。具有两个不同的信道树可能是有利的，一个信道树对应于指派给全局频段的资源而另一信道树对应于指派给局部频段的资源。
如果资源调度器234根据信道特征将信道树中的充分深的分支节点指派到特定通信链路，那么所述信道树可受到限制以致于所述分支节点下面的所有较低节点均将被指派给相同的频段。此信道树组织可简化逻辑节点到实际资源的映射。
资源调度器234或跳频模块238可将逻辑信道树指派映射到实际副载波指派。因此，所述逻辑节点指派可保持稳定，同时映射到所述节点的实际副载波可改变。
跳频模块238可经配置以通过在所指派频段中实施跳频来改良干扰分集。跳频模块238可(例如)针对每一所指派副载波实施伪随机跳频方案。接收器可经配置以使用相同的跳频算法来确定将哪些副载波指派给其通信链路。例如，跳频模块238可实施跳频算法，所述跳频算法致使相同的逻辑节点在不同情况下被映射到不同的实际副载波。
调度器230可包括CQI接收器236，其经配置以接收并处理由用户终端产生且在反向链路上传输的信道特征报告消息。此等报告消息可用于调度FDD系统或其中反向导频不能充分代表正向链路资源的系统中的正向链路指派。
下文将与接收器实施例的说明相关地进一步详细阐述包含于报告消息中的方式及信息。出于资源指派的目的，将报告消息阐述为包括信道特征、信道质量、频段择优、或可与频段择优相关的某一其他指示的某一量度即足矣。
CQI接收器236经配置以接收报告消息并至少部分地根据所述报告消息确定是否应维持当前资源分配或是否应修改副载波或频段分配。CQI接收器236可将指派信息传送至资源调度器234，所述资源调度器经配置以控制信号映射器214实施副载波及频段指派。资源调度器234还可向对应的接收器报告任何新的副载波或频段指派。例如，资源调度器234可经配置以产生将使用开销信道传送至适宜接收器的控制消息。
图3是接收器300的实施例的简化功能框图。接收器300可以是(例如)图1中所示用户终端110的一部分。以下论述阐述在使用报告消息用于确定正向链路指派的OFDMA无线通信系统的用户终端中实施的接收器300。
接收器300可包括耦合到收发机350的天线356，其经配置以在无线信道上与图2中所示的发射机200进行通信。收发机350可包括正向链路接收器模块352，其经配置以通过天线356接收正向链路无线信号，并产生串行基带符号流。
收发机350的接收器模块352的输出耦合到串行-并行转换器360，所述串行-并行转换器经配置以将所述串行符号流转换成对应于OFDMA系统中载波数量的多个并行流。
串行-并行转换器360的输出耦合到快速傅立叶变换(FFT)模块362。FFT模块362经配置以将时域符号变换成频域副本。
FFT模块362的输出耦合到信道估计器364，所述信道估计器经配置以部分地根据正向链路导频信号确定信道及干扰估计。载波分配模块380(或者称作资源分配模块)可确定指派给数据的副载波及指派给正向链路导频信号的副载波。载波分配模块380可部分地根据任何接收的指派消息确定副载波及频段指派。载波分配模块380可(例如)实施跳频算法以根据过去的指派确定当前载波指派。载波分配模块380耦合到信道估计器364并通知信道估计器364副载波及频段指派。
信道估计器364根据正向链路导频信号确定信道及干扰估计。信道估计器364可经配置以估计OFDMA系统的所述频段的每一者的信道及干扰。信道估计器364可使用如下方法确定估计：最小平方法、最大拟然估计法、最小平方及最大拟然估计法的组合及类似方法、或某一其他信道及干扰估计过程。
包括所接收符号的频域转换及信道及干扰估计的信道估计器364的输出耦合到解调器370。载波分配模块380还可通知解调器370分配给数据传输的副载波频率。解调器370经配置以部分地根据信道及干扰估计对所接收的数据载波进行解调。于某些情况下，解调器370可能不能解调所接收的信号。如前面所述，解调器370可能不成功，因为信道质量不充分且不能支援数据的传输速率，或因为归因于不充分的信道及干扰估计的降格充分严重以致于产生解码错误。
如果解调器370不成功，那么其可产生不能解调所接收信号的指示。解调器370还可向收发机350中的发射机模块354提供未成功解调指示以传输回基站。
如果解调器370不成功，那么丢弃所接收的数据，且无需将任何数据耦合到存储器。如果解调器370成功，那么解调器370可经配置以将经解调的数据耦合到并行-串行转换器372，所述并行-串行转换器经配置以将并行解调的数据转换成串行数据流。并行-串行转换器372的输出耦合到数据缓冲器374供进一步处理。
信道质量指示符(CQI)模块390也可耦合到信道估计器364且可使用导频功率、信道估计及干扰估计的值来确定所述频段的每一者的CQI值。在一个实施例中，CQI值部分地基于SNR。CQI模块390将CQI值耦合到发射机模块354，所述发射机模块可经配置以使用(例如)开销信道、控制信道或业务信道将所述值传输至基站。
所述无线通信系统可实施信道特征报告方案，所述特征报告方案经配置以使需传送至基站的报告消息量最小化。所述无线通信系统可实施信道报告方案，所述信道报告方案要求用户终端在周期性基础上、所指派基础上、以概率确定的基础上或某些其他基础上或组合基础上提供报告消息。
如果所述无线通信系统实施周期性报告方案，那么所述周期可对应于预定时间。所述预定时间可基于符号定时、且可基于一个符号帧或多个符号帧。
如果报告周期跨越多个帧，那么CQI模块390可经配置以报告所述CQI或对应于最佳帧的频段索引。在其他实施例中，CQI模块390可经配置以在多个帧上平均化CQI值并报告所述CQI或具有最佳平均化CQI的频段索引。在另一实施例中，CQI模块390可经配置以报告CQI或呈现改良CQI值的频段索引。CQI模块390并非局限于任何特定的报告准则，而是可使用用于确定报告哪一或哪些频段的某些其他准则及报告消息内所包含的信息。
如果反馈信道容量及链路预算不被限制在一系统中，那么每一用户终端可针对所有频率频段传输系列CQI报告消息。在这一强力报告方案中，每一用户终端报告对应于每一频段的每一CQI值。然而，此产生大量不必要的信息。
为改良用于报告CQI的开销量，无线通信系统可实施其中用户终端测量正向链路导频并反馈优选频率频段的身份的报告方案。在一个实施例中，用户终端确定预定量的优选频段且可在一个或一个以上报告消息中将所述预定量频段的身份报告给调度器。所述预定数量可以是固定数量或可(例如)基于调度器传输的控制消息或用户终端所期望的通信带宽而改变。
用户终端可产生报告消息，所述报告消息报告少至一个优选频段的CQI或多至所有频段的CQI值。在某些实施例中，在报告消息中识别的频段数量可取决于在通至所述用户终端的通信链路中占用的或期望的带宽。例如，具有小于频段带宽的通信带宽的用户终端可报告少至一个频段CQI值或一个频段身份。一具有大于单个频段带宽的通信带宽的第二用户终端可报告至少支援所述通信带宽所需的频段数量的CQI值或频段身份。
在其他实施例中，无线通信系统可界定多于一个局部频段大小，或可聚集多个局部频段以形成较大频段。在这一实施例中，用户终端可报告任一大小的所需的优选频段，且所述频段大小并不限于单个频段大小。在一个实施例中，用户终端可存储具有多个频段大小的码薄。用户终端可确定在所述码薄中定义的每一群集或频段大小的CQI值。用户终端可根据某些预定准则报告N个最佳频段大小，此可以是通信会话的一部分或可在周期性基础上协商。
可预先确定报告消息的格式以使得用户终端按照减小择优的次序报告一个或一个以上频段的身份。当然，也可使用其他报告消息格式。例如，用户终端可报告识别为优选频段的每一所报告频段的CQI值及对应的频段身份。
调度器可使用报告消息及其他调度准则来确定指派给所述用户终端中每一者的音调或副载波。无线通信系统因此可使用所述报告消息在随时机提供有利性能的频段上维持基站与用户终端之间的通信链路。
在实施有效信道择优反馈算法的报告方法的实施例中，用户终端可使用log2L个位产生报告消息以指示具有最佳信道质量的频段，其中所述系统中存在L个频段。用户终端在所述反馈报告消息中仅传输最佳频段的CQI或仅传输对应于所述最佳频段的频段索引。用户终端无需报告L-1个对应于具有更小CQI值的频段的CQI值。
CQI模块390可通过在最佳频段报告中实施设阈值逻辑进一步减小反馈速率。已知以SNR的长期平均信道质量，那么CQI模块390可将对应于最佳频段的SNR比较于平均SNR且选择不报告对应于所述最佳频段的CQI，除非其是超出所述平均值的预定值Δ。例如，如果对应于所述最佳频段的CQI是超出所述平均值的ΔdB，那么CQI模块390可产生所述报告消息。
因此，CQI模块390能够有机会在周期性基础上或在所指派基础上传输报告消息且可基于所述设阈值逻辑有选择地不传输报告消息。例如，可允许CQI模块390在每一报告时间间隔发生的预定时隙内传输报告消息，所述时隙可以是(例如)15ms。另一选择为，可根据给基站覆盖区域内用户终端的每一者报告时隙的循环分配报告时间指派给CQI模块390。CQI模块390可实施设阈值逻辑以无论基本报告定时如何均进一步减少报告消息实例。在其他实施例中，CQI模块390可经配置以在满足设阈值逻辑时产生并传输报告消息。
此设阈值机构可为调度器提供用以平衡频段灵敏调度增益与反向链路反馈容量的方法。无线通信系统中的调度器可根据反向链路反馈信道加载将所需的阈值电平Δ广播或多播至用户终端。高阈值将会导致较少报告而低阈值将导致较多报告。
另一选择为，调度器可直接广播或多播所需的报告速率。例如，基站中的调度器可传输允许用户终端报告最佳频段的所需的时间百分比。用户终端中的每一CQI模块390可根据所述用户终端所维持的历史信道特征统计将所需的报告速率转变成ΔdB阈值。例如，CQI模块390可收集确定用于每一频段的CQI且可随时间产生所述CQI值的分布。例如，CQI模块390可根据历史值产生累积分布函数(CDF)。然后，CQI模块390可根据所需的报告百分比及CDF确定阈值。例如，0.3的报告速率可对应于70％CDF分位数及Δ＝5dB报告阈值。每一CQI模块390所维持的CDF可以是不同，因为所述CDF是基于用户终端所经历的信道特征建立的。此外，当用户终端所经历的信道特征(例如)因移动性或所述环境中的多路径改变而改变时，CDF可随时间改变。
如果HARQ部署在一系统中，那么CQI模块390可经配置以包括跨越所述反馈报告消息所有频率频段的平均CQI。虽然保守性CQI将导致对低频谱效率传输的调度，但假定有合理的HARQ粒度，HARQ的提前终止可能会保持相当大部分的可实现的容量增益。在当所调度的频段并非是最佳频段且可能因(例如)信道测量时间与实际传输时间之间的信道解相干、测量失配或某些其他因素而可能是不佳选择的情形下，此方法也可改良频段灵敏调度的强健性。
图4是频段灵敏调度方法400的实施例的简化流程图。方法400可(例如)由OFDMA无线通信系统中的调度器(例如，图1的系统中所示基站中的调度器)来实施。例如，图2的基站发射机中所示的调度器可经配置以实施方法400。调度器可针对每一用户实施方法400。例如，调度器可针对在基站与所述基站覆盖区域内用户终端之间建立的正向链路及反向链路的每一者实施所述方法。
方法400开始于区块402，其中调度器将操作频带分割成多个频段。无线通信系统可界定所述频段，且所述频段可包括一个或一个以上全局频段及一个或一个以上局部频段。全局频段可包括所述OFDMA系统的大致跨越所述操作频带的一大部分的副载波的一子组。通常给全局频段指派包括一个或一个以上副载波的非邻接频率跨度。局部频段可以是包括一个或一个以上副载波的邻接或非邻接频带。局部频段通常具有小于无线信道的相干带宽的带宽。在某些情况中，可以预定方式预分割频段并使基站及移动台两者知晓。如此，可略去此功能性。
调度器无需对所述操作带宽实施任何实际的物理分割，而是仅可计及各种频段及与每一频段相关联的副载波。调度器通常使每一副载波仅与一个频段相关联，且每一频段包括一不同子组的副载波。
调度器行进到区块410并确定用户数据约束。此等用户数据约束可包括数据等待时间约束、带宽约束及其他可能与特定用户或通信链路相关联的约束。调度器可经配置以尝试在调度频段时大致满足所有数据约束。
在接收到数据约束后，调度器行进到决策区块420以确定用于特定用户的信道是否需要高带宽。在所述调度器的上下文中，术语高带宽是指用户需要超出预定局部频段数量的带宽的资源指派。所述预定局部频段数量可以是(例如)1或可以是大于1的某一其他数值。高数据速率用户可能需要在总带宽的一大部分上传输信号，此减小了所调度传输在平均信道SNR上的潜在增益。
如果用户需要高带宽，那么调度器行进到区块430并将所述用户指派到全局频段且从所指派的全局频段指派副载波。然后，调度器从区块430行进回到区块410。
如果在决策区块420处调度器确定用户不需要高带宽，那么所述调度器行进到区块440并确定所述用户及通信链路的频段择优。调度器可根据信道分析、信道特征报告消息或分析及报告消息的组合确定频段择优。
在一个实施例中，调度器可根据用户终端发射的导频信号确定所述操作频带中每一局部频段的信道估计。调度器可比较所有信道估计以将频段择优确定为具有最佳信道特征的频段。例如，调度器可部分地根据信道估计确定哪一个频段具有最高SNR。
在另一实施例中，调度器可从某些或所有用户终端接收报告消息。所述报告消息可包括频段择优或可包括调度器可用于确定频段择优的信道特征。
在确定特定用户的频段择优后，调度器行进到确定区块450以确定所述频段择优是否不同于所述相同用户的先前频段择优。
如果调度器确定所述频段择优已改变，那么所述调度器行进到区块460并将一频段及来自所述频段的副载波指派给通信链路。在正向链路方向上，调度器可通过控制信号映射器将所述用户终端的数据信号映射到所述优选频段中的适宜副载波来指派信道。在反向链路方向上，调度器可产生识别指派给所述用户终端的频段及副载波的频段指派消息。在频段指派后，调度器行进回到区块410。
无线通信系统可实施粘性或持续性指派。用户终端可使用相同的指派，直至其接收到去指派消息。在一个实施例中，所述去指派消息可以是针对被指配用于所述用户终端的副载波而发送到不同用户终端的指派消息。
如果在确定区块450处，调度器确定所述频段择优未改变，那么所述调度器行进到区块470。在区块470处，调度器可通过实施跳频提供某一形式的干扰分集。调度器可经配置以在所指派频段中强制执行跳频以维持频段灵敏调度的优点。在所指派的副载波上强制执行跳频后，调度器行进回到区块410。
图5是实施频段灵敏调度的系统中的信道特征报告方法500的实施例的简化流程图。如上所述，调度器可使用报告消息作为频段灵敏调度过程的一部分。其中产生报告消息并将其传输到调度器的方式可影响支援报告消息所需的开销量。可(例如)由图1的无线通信系统的用户终端实施报告方法500以帮助调度正向链路OFDMA信道。
方法500开始于区块510，其中用户终端接收到正向链路导频信号。用户终端行进到区块520并确定所述操作频带中每一预定局部频段的信道特征。用户终端可(例如)确定每一局部频段的信号电平、干扰电平、频段上的SNR或某一其他信道特征。用户终端还可确定每一全局频段的信道特征，例如，平均信道强度或平均SNR。
用户终端行进到区块530并从各种频段中确定优选频段。高带宽用户可喜欢全局频段胜过任一局部频段，此仅因为全局频段能够满足带宽要求。如果存在多个全局频段，那么用户终端可确定具有最高平均SNR的全局频段作为优选频段。
另一选择为，如果用户终端被指派到局部频段或能够指派到局部频段，那么所述用户终端确定哪一个频段是优选频段。用户终端可(例如)选择对应于最高SNR或信道功率的局部频段。在另一实施例中，用户终端可选择具有最小干扰的频段。在再一实施例中，用户终端可根据各种因素选择优选频段。
在确定频段择优后，用户终端行进到决策区块540以确定是否满足报告约束。用户终端可包括若干个报告约束且仅在满足预定数量的约束时方可产生并传输报告消息。用户终端可使用报告约束限制报告消息使传送到调度器的报告开销量最小化。
例如，用户终端可限制对报告大于超出平均信道SNR的预定阈值的SNR值的消息进行报告。所述预定阈值可以是固定的或可从调度器传送而来。另外，用户终端可被限于仅报告不同于用户终端当前正在其中操作的频段的频段择优。
如果用户终端未满足报告约束，那么所述用户终端返回至区块510且不产生报告消息。另一选择为，如果在决策区块540处，用户终端确定已满足报告约束，那么所述用户终端行进到区块550并产生报告消息。
用户终端可(例如)产生识别优选频段或多个优选频段的报告消息。用户终端可(例如)报告对应于所述优选频段的索引。用户终端也可在报告消息中包括其他信道特征，例如，所有频段上的平均CQI
在产生报告消息后，用户终端行进到区块560并将所述报告消息传输至调度器。例如，用户终端可在反向链路开销信道上将所述(等)报告消息传输到基站。用户终端返回至区块510以重复信道分析及报告方法500。
至此，已阐述了用于频段灵敏调度的方法及设备。OFDMA无线通信系统可实施频段灵敏调度以改良通信链路的性能。无线系统可将操作频带分割成若干个频段，其中包括全局频段及局部频段。所述系统中的调度器可经配置以根据信道特征将一频段及所述频段中的副载波指派给每一通信链路。可在调度器处使用信道分析确定所述信道特征或可在接收器处确定所述信道特征并在一个或一个以上报告消息中将其反馈至所述调度器。
可将报告约束施加于报告消息以限制支援报告消息所需的开销。所述报告约束可限制所报告的信息量且可限制报告消息的实例。例如，可将报告消息限制于报告CQI值或频段择优的频段索引。可将报告消息限制于在预定周期性基础上或在所指派基础上进行报告，例如，在循环报告中，其中基站覆盖区域内的每一用户终端均在任一用户终端传输更新的报告消息前之报告一次。也可将报告消息限制在概率性基础，其中根据用户终端将经历大致好于平均信道特征的优选频段的概率来限制报告。
所述无线通信系统通过使用频段灵敏调度可改良整个系统性能。
结合本文所揭示的实施例阐述的各种例示性逻辑区块、模块及电路可由下列装置实施或执行：通用处理器、数字信号处理器(DSP)、精简指令集计算机(RISC)处理器、专用集成电路(ASIC)、现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)或其它可编程逻辑装置、离散栅极或晶体管逻辑、离散硬件组件、或其设计用于执行上文所示诸功能的任一组合。通用处理器可以是微处理器，但在替代方案中，处理器可为任一处理器、控制器、微控制器或状态机。处理器也可实施为计算装置的组合，例如：DSP与微处理器的组合，多个微处理器的组合，一个或一个以上微处理器结合一DSP核心的组合，或任何其它此种配置。
结合本文所揭示实施例阐述的方法、过程或算法的步骤可直接实施于硬件中、由处理器执行的软件模块中或两者的组合中。
软件模块可驻存于RAM存储器、快闪存储器、非易失性存储器、ROM存储器、EPROM存储器、EEPROM存储器、寄存器、硬磁盘、可更换磁盘、CD-ROM、或此项技术中已知的任一其他形式的存储媒体内。例示性存储媒体耦合到所述处理器，以使所述处理器可从所述存储媒体读取信息及向所述存储媒体写入信息。或者，所述存储媒体可以是处理器的组成部分。另外，可以所述实施例中所示的次序执行各种方法或使用经修改的步骤次序执行各种方法。另外，可略去一个或一个以上过程或方法步骤，或添加一个或一个以上过程或方法步骤。可将额外的步骤、区块或动作添加在所述方法及过程开头、结束或现有要素的中间。
上文对所揭示实施例的说明旨在使所属领域的普通技术人员均可制作或利用本发明。所属领域的普通技术人员将易知对所述实施例的各种修改，且本文所定义的一般原理也可应用于其他实施例，此并不背离本发明的精神或范畴。因此，本发明并不旨在被限定为本文所示的实施例，而是旨在赋予其与本文所揭示的原理及新颖特征相一致的最宽广范畴。

Claims (36)

1.一种在包括跨越操作频带的多个副载波的通信系统中进行调度的方法，所述多个副载波被分割成多个频段，所述方法包括：
确定用户数据约束；
如果所述用户数据约束包括大于总带宽的数据带宽要求，那么从具有跨越所述操作频带的相当大部分的一非邻接子组的副载波的全局频段中指派副载波；
如果所述数据带宽要求不大于所述总带宽，那么基于接收器所经历的信道特征确定指示优选局部频段的频段择优，所述优选局部频段选自多个局部频段，所述多个局部频段中的每一者具有小于所述总带宽的带宽；及
将所述优选频段中的一子组的副载波指派到与所述频段择优相关联的特定通信链路。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述多个频段进一步包括多个局部频段，每一局部频段具有不同于任一其他局部频段或全局频段的一子组的所述多个副载波。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述多个频段包括多个局部频段，每一局部频段具有一不同子组的所述多个副载波。
4.如权利要求3所述的方法，其中所述多个局部频段具有大致相等的带宽。
5.如权利要求3所述的方法，其中所述多个局部频段中的每一者包括16个副载波的倍数。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中确定所述频段择优包括分析导频信号以确定对应于所述多个频段中的每一者的信道特征，及基于对所述频段信道特征的比较选择优选频段。
7.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中确定所述频段择优包括：
接收从与所述接收器共同定位的发射机发射的所产生的反向链路导频信号；
确定对应于所述多个频段中至少两者的信道特征；及
部分地基于所述信道特征选择频段。
8.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中确定所述信道择优包括从所述接收器接收指示所述频段择优的报告消息。
9.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中确定所述频段择优包括基于反向链路导频信号确定所述频段择优；且
其中指派所述子组的副载波包括将所述子组的载波指派到反向链路通信。
10.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中确定所述频段择优包括基于反向链路导频信号确定所述频段择优；且
其中指派所述子组的副载波包括将所述子组的载波指派到正向链路通信。
11.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中指派所述子组的副载波包括在正向链路传输中将数据流映射到所述子组的副载波。
12.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中指派所述子组的副载波包括将识别所述子组的副载波中的至少一者的指派消息传输到所述接收器。
13.如权利要求1所述的方法，其进一步包括在所述优选频段中强制执行跳频方案。
14.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述全局频段包括跨越所述操作带宽的至少一半的副载波。
15.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中确定所述频段择优包括：
分析接收的导频信号以确定对应于所述多个频段中的每一者的信道特征；
比较所述对应于所述多个频段中的每一者的信道特征；及
选择对应于最大信噪比(SNR)值的频段。
16.一种用于在包括跨越操作频带的多个副载波的通信系统中进行调度的设备，所述设备包括：
信道估计器，其经配置以基于导频信号确定对应于跨越所述操作频带的多个频段中的每一者的信道估计，所述频段中的每一者具有小于总带宽的带宽；
信号映射器，其经配置以将数据符号映射到所述通信系统中的一子组的所述多个副载波；及
调度器，其耦合到所述信道估计器且经配置以基于所述信道估计确定第一优选频段、从所述第一优选频段中选择所述子组的所述多个副载波，且经进一步配置以控制所述信号映射器以将所述数据符号映射到所述子组的所述多个副载波。
17.如权利要求16所述的设备，其进一步包括经配置以接收反向链路导频信号的接收器模块且其中所述调度器经配置以基于所述反向链路导频信号选择所述子组的所述多个副载波以用于正向链路传输。
18.如权利要求16所述的设备，其中所述导频信号包括反向链路导频信号且所述调度器经配置以基于所述信道估计产生反向链路资源指派消息供传输到用户终端。
19.如权利要求16所述的设备，其中所述调度器经配置以选择所述第一优选频段作为具有依据所述导频信号确定的最大信噪比的频段。
20.如权利要求16所述的设备，其进一步包括：
信道质量指示符(CQI)接收器，其耦合到所述接收器模块且经配置以处理所述接收器所接收的信道特征报告消息以确定第二优选频段并经进一步配置以基于所述信道特征报告消息产生资源指派消息。
21.如权利要求16所述的设备，其进一步包括经配置以在所述第一优选频段中强制执行跳频方案的跳频模块。
22.一种用于在包括跨越操作频带的多个副载波的通信系统中进行信道灵敏调度的设备，所述设备包括：
接收器模块，其经配置以接收反向链路导频信号及至少一个信道特征报告消息；及
调度器，其耦合到所述接收器模块且经配置以基于所述反向链路导频信号确定对应于跨越所述操作频带的多个频段中的每一者的信道特征，所述频段中的每一者具有小于总带宽的带宽，所述调度器经配置以基于所述信道特征确定反向链路资源指派且经进一步配置以基于所述至少一个信道特征报告消息确定正向链路资源指派。
23.如权利要求22所述的设备，其中所述信道特征包括信噪比(SNR)值。
24.如权利要求22所述的设备，其中所述信道特征包括干扰值。
25.如权利要求22所述的设备，其进一步包括信号映射器，所述信号映射器耦合到所述调度器且经配置以根据所述正向链路资源指派将数据符号映射到正向链路副载波。
26.如权利要求22所述的设备，其中所述调度器经配置以为所需带宽大于相干信道带宽的信道指派对应于全局频段的副载波，所述全局频段包括跨越所述操作频带的相当大部分的一非邻接子组的所述多个副载波。
27.一种在包括跨越操作频带的多个副载波的通信系统中报告信道特征的方法，所述方法包括：
接收导频信号；
确定对应于跨越所述操作频带的多个频段中的每一者的信道特征，每一频段具有小于相干信道带宽的带宽；
从所述多个频段中确定优选频段；
将对应于所述优选频段的所述信道特征与报告阈值进行比较；及
如果对应于所述优选频段的所述信道特征超出所述报告阈值，那么基于所述优选频段产生报告消息。
28.如权利要求27所述的方法，其进一步包将所述报告消息传输到调度器。
29.如权利要求27所述的方法，其中所述导频信号包括正向链路导频信号。
30.如权利要求27所述的方法，其中所述信道特征包括信噪比(SNR)。
31.如权利要求27的方法，其中所述信道特征包括干扰值。
32.如权利要求27所述的方法，其中所述信道特征包括导频信号强度。
33.如权利要求27所述的方法，其中确定所述优选频段包括选择对应于最大信噪比的频段。
34.如权利要求27所述的方法，其中确定所述优选频段包括选择对应于最小干扰值的频段。
35.如权利要求27所述的方法，其中将对应于所述优选频段的所述信道特征与所述报告阈值进行比较包括确定对应于所述优选频段的信噪比是否超过平均SNR比一预定量。
36.如权利要求27所述的方法，其中将对应于所述优选频段的所述信道特征与所述报告阈值进行比较包括：
从调度器接收差值；及
确定对应于所述优选频段的信噪比是否超过平均SNR比所述差值。
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US9246659B2 (en) 2016-01-26
US9209956B2 (en) 2015-12-08
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