CN1943152B - 用于具有自适应发射和反馈的多载波通信系统的方法和设备 - Google Patents

用于具有自适应发射和反馈的多载波通信系统的方法和设备 Download PDF

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CN1943152B
CN1943152B CN2005800047613A CN200580004761A CN1943152B CN 1943152 B CN1943152 B CN 1943152B CN 2005800047613 A CN2005800047613 A CN 2005800047613A CN 200580004761 A CN200580004761 A CN 200580004761A CN 1943152 B CN1943152 B CN 1943152B
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李小东
罗国扬
李克民
黄海明
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Neocific Inc
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    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0044—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path allocation of payload
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/0001—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff
    • H04L1/0002—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff by adapting the transmission rate
    • H04L1/0003—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff by adapting the transmission rate by switching between different modulation schemes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/0001—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff
    • H04L1/0009—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff by adapting the channel coding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/0001—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff
    • H04L1/0023—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff characterised by the signalling
    • H04L1/0026—Transmission of channel quality indication
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/0001—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff
    • H04L1/0023—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff characterised by the signalling
    • H04L1/0028—Formatting
    • H04L1/0029—Reduction of the amount of signalling, e.g. retention of useful signalling or differential signalling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/004—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
    • H04L1/0056—Systems characterized by the type of code used
    • H04L1/0067—Rate matching
    • H04L1/0068—Rate matching by puncturing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/004—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
    • H04L1/0072—Error control for data other than payload data, e.g. control data
    • H04L1/0073—Special arrangements for feedback channel
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0001—Arrangements for dividing the transmission path
    • H04L5/0003—Two-dimensional division
    • H04L5/0005—Time-frequency
    • H04L5/0007—Time-frequency the frequencies being orthogonal, e.g. OFDM(A), DMT
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
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    • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0044—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path allocation of payload
    • H04L5/0046—Determination of how many bits are transmitted on different sub-channels
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    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0048—Allocation of pilot signals, i.e. of signals known to the receiver
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0058—Allocation criteria
    • H04L5/006—Quality of the received signal, e.g. BER, SNR, water filling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0091—Signaling for the administration of the divided path
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
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    • H04W72/044—Wireless resource allocation based on the type of the allocated resource
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    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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    • H04W52/04—TPC
    • H04W52/18—TPC being performed according to specific parameters
    • H04W52/26—TPC being performed according to specific parameters using transmission rate or quality of service QoS [Quality of Service]

Abstract

公开了一种方案，其中，在多载波通信系统(图1)中，调制方案(图5，504)、编码属性(图5，502)、训练导频(图5，506)和信号功率(图508)可调整为适应于信道状况，以便在不浪费无线资源或者不牺牲误差概率性能的情况下使总体系统容量和谱效率最大化。

Description

用于具有自适应发射和反馈的多载波通信系统的方法和设备
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2004年2月13日提交的美国临时专利申请No.60/544,521的的权益。本申请也与2005年1月27日提交的No.PCT/US2005/03518、名称为″Methods and Apparatus for Overlaying Multi-Carrier and DirectSequence Spread Spectrum Signals in a Broadband Wireless CommunicationSystem″的PCT申请有关，该申请要求2004年1月29日提交的美国临时申请No.60/540,032和2004年1月30日提交的美国临时申请No.60/540,586的申请的权益。
背景技术
自适应调制和编码(AMC)已用于无线系统中，以改善信号质量显著变化的衰落环境中的谱效率。通过根据变化的信号与干扰噪声之比(SINR)来调整调制和编码方案(MCS)，可在通信装置之间保持可靠的通信链路。举例来说，在CDMA2000 1xEV-DO系统中，提供了12种不同的调制/编码方案。AMC也用于CDMA 2000 1xEV-DV和3GPP HSDPA系统中。
为了改善性能，除MCS以外，也可根据通信信道的状态来调整其它系统功能，如信道估计、发射功率控制(TPC)、及子信道配置。举例来说，信道估计一般利用为发射机和接收机二者所知的训练符号或导频数据。对于相干调制，通过比较导频(pilot)及其对应的所接收版本，可在接收机处提取信道信息。对于非相干调制，接收的导频采样用作对所发射数据进行检测的基准。
信道估计是诸如正交频分复用(OFDM)系统的多载波(MC)通信系统一个重要部分。在传统的OFDM系统中，如IEEE802.11a、802.11g、802.16或DVB-T系统中，发射导频用于信道估计。导频是固定的，并形成其它功能一如MCS、TPC和某些无线系统中的子信道配置一的部分。
快速TPC可补偿快衰落。在多小区多址系统中，TPC也用于减少小区内和小区间的干扰，并通过仅发射必需的功率来保存移动站的电池寿命。TPC，连同MCS、导频属性、子信道配置等，是某些无线系统中许多功能之一。
子信道配置一般在工作中限定并固定，并且通常不将其视为系统的一个可调整以适应用户分布和/或工作环境的功能。
附图说明
图1是一个代表性的蜂窝通信系统。
图2是由子载波构成的频域中的多载波信号的基本结构。
图3描述在频域和时域二者中分割成小单元的无线资源：子信道和时隙。
图4说明了装置A和装置B之间的控制过程，其中每个装置可以是图1中所示的基站和移动站的一部分。
图5说明了控制编码、调制、训练导频模式及用于子信道的发射功率的OFDM系统发射机处的联合自适应过程。
图6说明了与通信装置之间的数据传输关联的控制消息传递。
图7说明了为一个多载波系统绘制的两个不同的训练导频模式。
图8说明了用于OFDM系统的AMCTP方案中的功率控制。
具体实施方式
描述了用于无线通信信号自适应发射的方法和设备，其中对MCS(调制和编码方案)、编码速率、训练导频模式、TPC(发射功率控制)水平、及子信道配置进行联合调整，以适应信道状况。该自适应在不浪费无线资源或者不折衷误差概率性能的情况下使总体的系统容量和谱效率最大化。
此外，子信道组成设计成可配置的，以便可根据用户分布或环境状况来对其进行静态或动态的调整。在联合自适应方案中用于获得信道信息和用于发射控制信息一如信道状况的反馈及联合方案的指标一的方法，连同用于减少消息传递的开销的方法，也将在下面描述。
所述多载波系统可以是诸如OFDM、或多载波码分多址(MC-CDMA)的任何特殊格式，并可应用于下行链路、上行链路、或二者，其中，双工技术是时分双工(TDD)或频分双工(FDD)。
所述设备和方法关于各个实施例来描述，并提供了用于完全理解和实施的具体细节。本领域的技术人员应该理解，无需这样的细节亦可实践本发明。在一些实例中，为了避免不必要地混淆对实施例的描述，没有详细示出或描述公知的结构和功能。
除非上下文清楚地要求，否则，贯穿本说明和权利要求，用语“包括”、“包含”等应以包含性的意义来解释而不是排他性或穷尽性的意义，即，其含义为“包括，但不限于”。使用单数或复数的用语也分别包括复数或单数。此外，在用于本申请中时，用语“在此”、“以上”、“以下”及类似意义的用语指的是作为整体的本申请而不是本申请任何特定部分。当权利要求使用用语“或”来引用两个或更多项时，此用语覆盖以下所有对该用语的解释：序列中的任何项、序列中的所有项和序列中项的任何组合。
本说明书的内容可应用于具有多个发射机和多个接收机的通信系统。举例来说，在无线网络中有许多基站，每个基站为其指定区域提供覆盖，该区域一般称作小区。在每个小区内，有移动站。图1中所示通信系统代表这样的系统，其中基站110与其小区站点的扇区A中的移动站101和102通信，同时基站120与其小区站点的扇区B中的移动站103、104和105通信。
多载波多址系统是通用通信系统的特例，并且在下文中用作代表性的通信系统来描述本发明的实施例。
多载波通信系统
在多载波通信系统中，可在频域和时域二者上分割物理媒介资源(如无线电或线缆)。该规范的分割为资源共享提供了高灵活性和精细粒度。
在频域中多载波信号的基本结构由子载波构成。在特定谱带或信道中，存在固定数目的子载波，并且存在三种类型的子载波：
1.数据子载波，其携带信息数据；
2.导频子载波，其相位和振幅是预定的，并为所有接收机所知，并且其用于协助系统功能，如系统参数的估计；以及
3.静默(silent)子载波，其没有能量，并且用于保护带(guard band)和DC载波。
数据子载波可设置于称作子信道的群中，以便支持可缩放性和多址。形成一个子信道的载波没有必要彼此相邻。每个用户可使用部分或全部的子信道。这个概念示于图2中，其示出了由子载波构成的频域中的多载波信号的基本结构。数据子载波可以特定的方式分组到子信道中。导频子载波亦以特定的方式分布于整个信道上。
时域中的多载波信号的基本结构由时隙构成，以支持多址。图3中描述了频域和时域二者中的资源分割，其说明了在频域和时域中分割成小单元的无线资源(子信道和时隙)。在时域中，多载波信号的基本结构由时隙构成。
自适应发射和反馈
自适应发射和反馈的根本原则是增加发射过程的自由度并提供用于通信系统的自适应过程的信息。自适应过程根据发射信道的状态和状况来调整所分配的调制方案、编码速率、导频模式、功率水平、空间处理方案、子信道配置等，以便改善系统性能和/或容量。
在下面，AMCTP(自适应调制、编码、训练和功率控制)作为通称使用，其变化可用于适当的应用中。存在不同的自适应发射方案，即AMCTP方案的子集，如AMCT(自适应调制、编码和训练)、AMTP(自适应调制、训练和功率控制)、AMT(自适应调制和训练)等。
图4说明了在自适应发射期间装置A和装置B之间的控制过程，其中每个装置可以是图1中描述的基站和移动站的一部分。装置A的发射机401基于自适应过程406的输出而将数据402和有关的控制信息404发射到装置B。装置B的接收机408接收到所发射的数据402和控制信息404之后，装置B的测量过程410测量信道状况，并且将信道质量信息(CQI)412馈送至装置A。
多载波系统中的AMCTP方案的粒度可以是基于用户的，其中可使用一个或多个子信道，或者其可以是基于子信道的，其中子信道可包括一个或多个子载波。同样地，CQI的粒度也可以是基于用户或者基于子信道的。AMCTP和CQI二者均可随着时间改变，并且从一个时隙到另一个时隙其可以是不同的。
图5说明了在OFDM系统发射机处的联合自适应过程，其使用单独的处理块来对编码502、调制504、训练导频模式506及用于子信道的发射功率508进行控制。每个块可作为微处理器实施的例程以组合的方式或单独地实施于电路中、专用处理机中、数字信号处理器中等。
图6说明了与通信装置-如图4中的装置A和B-之间的数据传输有关的控制消息传递。在图6中，AMCTP指示602与从发射机到接收机的前向链路上的数据传输604有关，而CQI 606与返回信道上从接收机到发射机的信息反馈有关。
在使用AMCTP的系统中，发射机依赖于CQI来选择在自动重复请求(ARQ)过程中所需的、用于发射下-包或者用于对先前失败的包进行重发的适当的AMCTP方案。CQI是下列一个或多个的函数：接收信号强度、平均SINR、时间变化、频率或空间、测量的比特误差率(BER)、帧误差率(FER)、或者均方误差(MSE)。在下文中，对于用户或子信道，信道状况指的是下列的一个或多个：信号电平、噪声电平、干扰电平、SINR、衰落信道特性(多普勒频率、延迟扩展等)、或者在时域或频域中的信道分布。信道状况的检测可在发射机、接收机或两者处进行。
AMCTP中的MCS是指系统中所使用的调制和纠错编码方案。通过将MCS与特定信道状况(如SINR水平)匹配，实现了更好的吞吐量。仅仅改变MCS是一个次最优方法，因为其它因素-如训练导频模式或子信道组成-也影响系统性能。
导频模式包括(训练)导频符号的数目、时间/频率/空间中的符号位置、振幅和相位、及这些符号的其他属性。该系统可使用不同的导频模式以适应不同的MCS和信道状况。用于鲁棒信道估计的导频模式要求随信道的SINR和信道分布而变化。
在多载波系统中，在时间-频率网格中的某些位置上发射导频。图7说明了可使用的许多不同的训练导频模式中的两个，每个针对一个多载波系统来描绘，其中深色阴影的时间-频率网格702被分配作为训练导频符号。用于选择导频模式的一个准则是导频辅助的信道估计不应是链路性能的瓶颈，而且导频开销应该保持为最小。训练导频模式连同MCS的联合自适应是匹配信道状况的更有效的方法，并且与仅MCS的自适应相比，导致更好的性能。
功率控制信息可包括绝对功率水平和/或增加或减少当前功率设置的相对量。在多载波系统中，不同子信道的功率水平设置得不同，使得最小功率分配给子信道以满足其性能要求，同时使得对于其它用户的干扰最小化。
功率控制可以是基于用户或者基于子信道的。图8说明了OFDM系统中的功率控制，其中数字可变增益802 G1、G2...GN用于子信道804，子信道804可具有具备不同发射功率水平的不同MCS。模拟域增益806 Ga用来控制总发射功率信号过程，以满足装置的发射功率的需要。在图8中，在可变增益施加于子信道804之后，它们被输入至反离散傅里叶变换(IDFT)模块。来自IDFT的输出是时域信号，在循环前缀被增添加于其之后，其由并行转换成串行信号。
表1是通用AMCTP表(或CQI表)的一个实例。可以看到，表中的一些导频模式可以是相同的。用于表示联合自适应过程的不同组合的索引总数对于AMCTP索引和CQI索引可以是不同的。例如，不必将绝对发射功率信息发送至一个或多个接收机。一些AMCTP信息-例如相对功率控制或者码速率-可嵌入在数据发射中而不是在AMCTP索引中传送。
表1：通用AMCTP的实例
索引  调制  码速率 训练导频 发射功率
1  QPSK  1/16 模式1 +
2  QPSK  1/8 模式2 +
3  QPSK  1/4 模式3 +
4  QPSK  1/2 模式4 +
5  QPSK  1/2 模式5 +
6  16QAM  1/2 模式6 +
7  16QAM  1/2 模式7 +
8  16QAM  3/4 模式8 +
9  16QAM  3/4 模式9 +
10  64QAM  2/3 模式10 +
11  64QAM  5/6 模式11 +
12  64QAM  5/6 模式12 Max-1x
13  64QAM  5/6 模式13 Max-2x
14  64QAM  5/6 模式14 Max-3x
在通用AMCTP或者CQI表中，不同的训练导频模式可用于不同的调制和码速率。然而，即使对于相同的调制和编码，不同的模式也可用于匹配不同的信道状况。为了使该表更有效，更多的索引可分配给更经常使用的同一方案。举例来说，若干训练导频模式可分配给更经常使用的同一MCS，以实现更精细的粒度，并因此与不同的信道状况最好地匹配。
表2是AMCTP索引或者CQI索引的简单实现。如表2所示，在一个实施例中，AMCTP和CQI索引是格雷码的，这样。索引中的一比特的误差使得索引变为相邻的索引。
在某些情况下，不同数目的导频符号用于相同的MCS。在一个实施例中，当相同的MCS与不同数目的导频符号使用时，为了保持包尺寸相同，采用速率匹配方案，如重复或者收缩(puncturing)。例如在表2中，对于索引010和索引011，模式3与模式2相比具有更多的导频符号。索引010的码速率是1/2，对于索引011，其被收缩为7/16以容纳额外的导频符号。在一个实施例中，CQI索引中的更高有效比特在返回信道上以更强的防误差码来保护。
表2：AMCTP或者CQI表的另一实例。
 索引(格雷码)  调制  码速率 训练导频  发射功率
 000  QPSK  1/4 模式1  Max
 010  QPSK  1/2 模式2  Max
 011  QPSK  7/16 模式3  Max
 001  16QAM  1/2 模式2  Max
 101  16QAM  7/16 模式3  Max
 111  64QAM  2/3 模式2  Max
 110  64QAM  5/6 模式3  Max
 100  64QAM  5/6 模式3  Max-X
可用于自适应过程中的其它因素包括多载波系统中的调制星座排列、发射机天线技术和子信道配置。
对于一些调制方案，如16QAM和64QAM，信息比特如何映射至符号确定了该调制方案的可靠性。在一个实施例中，星座方案是在自适应过程中、特别是在混合ARQ过程中的重发期间来调整的，以实现更好的系统性能。
一些多天线技术，如发射分集，用于相对于衰落信道效应来改善发射鲁棒性，然而其它多天线技术，如多输入多输出(MIMO)方案被用于改善良好信道状况中的发射吞吐量。在自适应发射的一个实施例中，用于发射的天线技术由自适应过程来确定。
在多载波多小区通信系统中，当一个子信道中的所有子载波是相邻或者彼此接近时，它们更可能落入衰落信道的相干带宽中；因此它们可分配给位置固定或者缓慢移动的用户。另一方面，当属于一个用户的子载波和/或子信道在频域中分散时，对于快速移动的用户，其导致较高的分集增益，并且导致更好的干扰平均效应。
假定子信道组成的不同配置适于不同的情形或者用户分布，子信道配置包括在发射自适应过程中。在一个实施例中，子信道配置信息通过公共的前向控制信道被广播至所有用户，以使每个用户知悉其子信道配置。
在另一个实施例中，子信道配置根据运用情形来调整。例如，当基站新近使用，具有较少的干扰时，使用子信道配置的一个形式，而当更多的用户加入网络或更多相邻的基站被使用时，其对系统中的用户产生强干扰，而使用具有更好的干扰平均效应的不同的子信道配置。
以下段落描述了当实施AMCTP方案时在发射机和接收机之间发射控制消息的方法。如图4所示，在这里前向控制链路限定为从发射机到接收机的AMCTP指示的传输，而返回控制信道限定为从接收机到发射机的、作为反馈信息的CQI的传输。
在前向链路上AMCTP指示可单独地或者联合地发送。例如，功率控制信息、训练导频模式指示、或者天线分集方案可嵌入在数据发射中。在另一个实施例中，AMCTP在具有较强误差保护的单独的控制信道上发射。
发射机获得CQI的一个方法是：将其在先前的发射期间、基于在接收机处的信道状况测量从接收机明确地发送到发射机。然后发射机使用CQI来确定下一发射使用的AMCTP方案。在一个实施例中，即使在没有针对某一用户的前向发射时，该用户也在返回信道上周期性地更新CQI。在这种情况下，接收机根据公共广播发射或者针对其它用户的数据发射来测量信道状况。
在一个实施例中，基于先前的信道测量，发射机或者接收机使用若干已知预测算法的任一种来预测当前或未来的信道状况。这对于快衰落环境更有效，其中由于快速的信道变化，过去的测量可与当前的发射不精密地匹配。然后，预测算法的输出被用于自适应过程，以针对当前发射来选择可能的最好方案。
获得CQI的另一方法是：通过在返回信道上从接收机到发射机的探测序列的发射。在一个实施例中，在多载波通信系统中，探测序列使用重叠方案从接收机发射到发射机，其中该探测序列被重叠到数据业务，而对数据发射性能没有负面的影响。在这种情况下，发射机基于接收的探测序列来估计在时域和/或频域中的信道分布。由于在前向和反向信道上信道状况的可逆性，这对于TDD系统特别有效。
AMCTP指示或者CQI可每用户或者每子信道来发送。在一个实施例中，如果使用每子信道反馈，因为对于相同用户的AMCTP和CQI信息是高度相关的，因此，首先使用源编码来压缩CQI，然后应用纠错编码来压缩CQI，以提供充分的误差保护。
在另一实施例中，在混合ARQ重发中，发射机可不使用请求的CQI用于重发，而其可使用请求的CQI用于新的包发射。替代地，在该实施例中，如同在早先的发射中一样，它选择适合于在与先前的发射中相同的功率水平来重发的AMCTP方案，以减少与其它用户的干扰。
应该指出，从发射机到接收机的发射所使用的AMCTP索引可以不同于接收机请求的CQI，因为发射机可以有其它考虑，例如对于不同用户的服务质量(QoS)、网络业务负载和功率分配限制。
以上对本发明实施例的详细说明并非意图为穷尽性的或者将本发明限制到以上公开的精确的形式或该公开中所述的特定应用领域。尽管为了说明的目的而阐述了本发明特定的实施例和实例，但是，如本领域中的技术人员将认同的，在本发明的范围内多种等价修改是可能的。此外，在此提供的本发明的示教可应用于其他系统，而不必是如上所述的系统。上述各个实施例的元素和动作可组合在一起，以便提供进一步的实施例。
上述所有的专利和申请以及其它参考，包括任何可能在附加文件页上列出的，通过引用合并于此。必要时，可修改本发明的各方面，以便采用上述各个参考的系统、功能和概念来提供本发明的进一步的实施例。
根据上述的″具体实施方式″可对本发明做出改变。虽然上述说明详细描述了本发明的某些实施例，并且描述了所预期的最佳模式，但是无论正文中出现了怎样详细的细节，本发明依然可以以许多方式来实践。因此，实施细节可有相当的改变，同时仍由此公开的本发明所涵盖。如上所述，在描述本发明的特定特征或方面时所使用的特定术语不应视为用来暗示该术语在此被重新定义成限制为与该术语关联的本发明的任何具体的特性、特征或方面。
通常，不应将所附权利要求中使用的术语阐释成将本发明限制到本说明中公开的特定实施例，除非以上详细说明清楚地限定了此术语。相应地，本发明的实际范围涵盖所公开的实施例及于权利要求之下实施或实现本发明的所有等价方式。
尽管以特定权利要求的形式呈现了本发明的特定方面，但发明人以任意数目的权利要求形式来预期本发明的各方面。相应地，发明人保留在提出本申请之后添加附加权利要求的权利以寻求针对本发明其他方面的这样的附加权利要求的形式。

Claims (11)

1.一种正交频分复用系统中的通信方法，该方法包括：
对调制方案、编码速率、导频模式和训练符号、及功率水平进行自适应，其中：
该自适应过程在发射机中执行；且
该自适应过程是基于信道状态信息的；
由所述发射机产生表示自适应信息的控制信息信号，其中所述控制信息信号包括单个索引值指示，该指示涉及调制方案、编码、训练导频和功率水平的自适应细节；
由所述发射机单独地或者联合地发射经自适应的信号和所述控制信息信号；
由接收机来接收经自适应的信号和所述控制信息信号；
在所述接收机处，使用所述索引值从查找表中查找所述自适应细节，其中：
所述表包括由所述发射机使用的多组自适应方案；且
与调制方案和编码速率的特定组合有关的导频模式数目是该特定组合被用于发射的频度的函数；
由所述接收机基于所接收的信号来测量信道状态，其中该测量包括：信号强度、平均信号与干扰噪声之比、时间变化、频率变化、空间变化、比特误差率、帧误差率、均方误差、或者其任何组合；以及
通过使用所述信道状态测量和/或计算信道质量信息来形成探测序列。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中基于先前发射期间信道状态测量的信道质量信息由发射机使用，以确定用于下一发射的自适应方案，或者其中，对于重发，所述发射机从适于重发的先前的发射方案中选择一自适应方案。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中，即使在没有针对某一特定用户的前向发射时，该用户也在反馈信道上周期性地更新信道状态信息，并且其中接收机根据公共广播发射或者针对其它用户的数据发射来测量信道状态。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述探测序列使用重叠方案从接收机发射到发射机，在该重叠方案中该探测序列重叠在数据发射上，并且所述发射机基于所接收的探测序列来估计时域和/或频域中的信道分布。
5.一种多用户的通信方法，包括：
测量发射信道状况；
基于所测量的信道状况，在至少一些发射时段中，对至少调制方案、编码细节、训练导频细节和功率水平进行自适应；
发射经自适应的信号；
并且通过发射指示来发射自适应信息，其中该指示表示从为至少一个接收机所知的多组自适应中所选择的一具体组的自适应。
6.如权利要求5所述的方法，其中所述信道状况信息由接收机基于先前接收的经调整的和有关的控制信息信号来发送回。
7.如权利要求5所述的方法，其中与调制方案和码速率的特定组合有关的不同的导频模式的数目与该特定组合被用于发射的次数的百分比直接相关。
8.一种正交频分复用接收机中的通信方法，该方法包括：
接收来自发射机的经自适应的信号，所述发射机对所述信号的调制方案、编码速率、导频模式和训练符号、及功率水平进行自适应，该自适应是基于信道状态信息的；
接收来自所述发射机的控制信息信号，所述控制信息信号包括索引值指示，该指示涉及所述发射机所使用的调制方案、编码、训练导频和功率水平的自适应细节；
在所述接收机处，使用所述索引值从查找表中查找所述自适应细节，其中：
所述表包括由所述发射机使用的多组自适应方案；且
与调制方案和编码速率的特定组合有关的导频模式数目是该特定组合被用于发射的频度的函数；
由所述接收机基于所接收的信号来测量信道状态，其中该测量包括：信号强度、平均信号与干扰噪声之比、时间变化、频率变化、空间变化、比特误差率、帧误差率、均方误差、或者其任何组合；以及
通过使用所述信道状态测量和/或计算信道质量信息来形成探测序列。
9.如权利要求8所述的方法，其中，即使在没有针对某一特定用户的前向发射时，该用户也在反馈信道上周期性地更新信道状态信息，并且其中接收机根据公共广播发射或者针对其它用户的数据发射来测量信道状态。
10.如权利要求8所述的方法，其中所述探测序列使用重叠方案从接收机发射到发射机，在该重叠方案中该探测序列重叠在数据发射上，
11.如权利要求10所述的方法，其中所述发射机基于所接收的探测序列来估计时域和/或频域中的信道分布。
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