CN101218293B - 多层组合物 - Google Patents

多层组合物 Download PDF

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CN101218293B
CN101218293B CN2006800246912A CN200680024691A CN101218293B CN 101218293 B CN101218293 B CN 101218293B CN 2006800246912 A CN2006800246912 A CN 2006800246912A CN 200680024691 A CN200680024691 A CN 200680024691A CN 101218293 B CN101218293 B CN 101218293B
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A·A·勒费比尔
R·A·瓦纳特
A·S·霍瓦兹
D·R·霍纳
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Abstract

本发明涉及具有至少两层抗冲改性层的多层丙烯酸类组合物。外层是含粒度小于225nm的抗冲改性剂的丙烯酸类层,热塑性内层中的抗冲改性剂的粒度大于或等于225nm。本发明还涉及在其一面或两面有多层丙烯酸类组合物的多层复合物。多层丙烯酸类组合物还包含丙烯酸类聚合物和含氟聚合物的混合物。

Description

多层组合物
发明领域
本发明涉及一种具有至少两层抗冲改性层的多层组合物。外层是含有粒度小于225nm的抗冲改性剂的丙烯酸类层,热塑性内层含有粒度大于或等于225nm的抗冲改性剂。本发明还涉及在基材的一面或两面有多层丙烯酸类组合物的多层复合物。丙烯酸类组合物还包括丙烯酸类聚合物和含氟聚合物的混合物。
发明背景
丙烯酸类组合物和由丙烯酸类组合物制成的制品因其透明度,耀眼色泽,表面光泽和耐候性而著名。这些制品还因其低冲击强度或脆性而著名。在丙烯酸类配方中加入增韧剂或抗冲改性剂,使其更耐用已成为标准作法。但是,加入这些功能添加剂会降低丙烯酸类聚合物的某些所需特性,例如添加大量橡胶聚合物会降低软化点,导致光雾,影响耐候性。
一类聚合物抗冲改性剂是序列聚合的丙烯酸类组合物,该组合物包含芯、中间层和最后层(final stage),不过会有一些“层”的掺合。一般而言,这些组合物称作“芯/壳”聚合物。
有许多因素决定任何特定丙烯酸类芯/壳抗冲改性剂的效率和效用。这些因素包括其中使用改性剂的基体或基体无论是单独或作为胎面胶(capstock)组合物的一部分附着的基材。大的影响还有改性剂的粒度和分布,层数,各层的厚度和结构,各层的单体组成,各层的交联类型和程度,接枝类型和程度,以及序列聚合的芯/壳抗冲改性剂在基体或主聚合物中的浓度。在此定义的母体聚合物或主聚合物是形成制品主体的聚合物,如丙烯酸酯片或挤出的胎面胶。这样的一种芯/壳抗冲改性的丙烯酸类组合物描述于US 2003-0216510。
解决抗冲改性层暴露于环境的相关问题的一种方法是形成一种多层结构,该结构具有被不含抗冲改性剂的丙烯酸类层覆盖的抗冲改性的丙烯酸类层。这种结构在US 6,444,298中描述。
目前的多层膜存在的一些问题是表面光雾以及与基材发生分层。
已惊奇地发现,具有含少量硬芯抗冲改性剂的外层和有较大粒度的抗冲改性剂的内层的多层丙烯酸类组合物在耐候性、耐化学性、耐磨性和热成型后的光泽方面具有优良的综合性能。
发明概述
本发明涉及一种丙烯酸类多层膜或组合物,所述膜或组合物从外到内包含以下的层:
1)外层,包含丙烯酸类树脂和以外层的总组合物为基准的5-60重量%硬芯的芯/壳抗冲改性剂,该抗冲改性剂平均粒度小于225nm;
2)内层,包含热塑性树脂和以内层的总组合物为基准的4-60重量%的抗冲改性剂,该抗冲改性剂平均粒度大于225nm,其中,所述硬芯的芯的Tg大于0℃;和
本发明还涉及多层复合结构,其中,丙烯酸类多层膜附着在基材的一面或多面上。
本发明还涉及由多层丙烯酸类组合物或由含丙烯酸类组合物的多层丙烯酸类复合物制成的制品。
附图简述
图1是显示附着于基材层的本发明的多层丙烯酸类组合物的图。层1是具有平均粒度小于225nm的抗冲改性剂的丙烯酸类外层。层2是具有平均粒度大于或等于225nm的抗冲改性剂的热塑性内层。层3是其上任选施加多层组合物的基材。
图2是显示附着于基材两面上的本发明多层丙烯酸类组合物的图。
图3是显示多层丙烯酸类组合物的图,该组合物中外层1在内层2的两面上。
发明详述
本发明涉及具有至少两层相邻的抗冲改性层的丙烯酸类组合物。外层是含平均粒度小于225nm的抗冲改性剂的丙烯酸类层,在热塑性内层中的抗冲改性剂的平均粒度大于或等于225nm。抗冲改性的丙烯酸类组合物可以用在任何基材之上,提供优良的光泽和耐候性。
本文中所用“多层”指两层或更多的层。如本文所述的,内层丙烯酸类层与外层丙烯酸类层相互相邻,并代表该多层组合物的最外层。多层组合物可附着基材,形成多层复合结构。
本文所用“丙烯酸类”包括由甲基丙烯酸烷基酯和丙烯酸烷基酯单体形成的聚合物、共聚物和三元共聚物,以及它们的混合物。甲基丙烯酸烷基酯单体优选是甲基丙烯酸甲酯,可占单体混合物的50-100%。0-50%的其他丙烯酸酯和甲基丙烯酸酯单体或其他烯键式不饱和单体包括但不限于:苯乙烯,α-甲基苯乙烯,丙烯腈,在单体混合物中还可以存在交联剂。可用于单体混合物的其他甲基丙烯酸酯和丙烯酸酯单体包括但不限于:丙烯酸甲酯,丙烯酸乙酯和甲基丙烯酸乙酯,丙烯酸丁酯和甲基丙烯酸丁酯,甲基丙烯酸异辛酯和丙烯酸异辛酯,丙烯酸月桂酯和甲基丙烯酸月桂酯,丙烯酸硬脂基酯和甲基丙烯酸硬脂基酯,丙烯酸异冰片酯和甲基丙烯酸异冰片酯,丙烯酸甲氧基乙酯和甲基丙烯酸甲氧基乙酯,丙烯酸2-乙氧基乙酯和甲基丙烯酸2-乙氧基乙酯,丙烯酸二甲基氨基乙酯和甲基丙烯酸二甲基氨基乙酯单体。烷基(甲基)丙烯酸如甲基丙烯酸和丙烯酸可用于该单体混合物。
丙烯酸类母体聚合物一般以与抗冲改性剂分开的组分加入到组合物中,尽管该基体也可以完全或者部分地通过一层或多层抗冲改性剂外层的离解形成,所述抗冲改性剂的外层离解成为丙烯酸类母体聚合物的全部或一部分。
抗冲改性的丙烯酸类聚合物外层是暴露于环境的层。外层的厚度为25μm至2.5mm,优选50-500μm。发现,与未抗冲改性的丙烯酸类聚合物相比,使用小粒度的抗冲改性剂提高了外层的延性。抗冲改性的丙烯酸类聚合物还提高外层的热膨胀系数,使之与内层的热膨胀系数更紧密匹配。此外,外层和内层的更紧密匹配可提供层间更好的相容性/结合。
外层中的丙烯酸类母体聚合物可以是如上面定义的任何丙烯酸类均聚物或共聚物,或者它们的混合物。该基体还可以是抗冲改性的丙烯酸类聚合物与其他热塑性如聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)的混合物。对透明组合物要求和优选的条件是,基体的折射率(RI)要与抗冲改性剂匹配至相同或接近相同。如果不要求外层是透明的,则RI不必匹配。
以外层总重量为基准,外层中的抗冲改性剂含量为5-60重量%,优选8-40重量%,最优选约10-20重量%。抗冲改性剂具有至少三层的芯-壳颗粒结构,具有硬芯(Tg>0℃,优选Tg>25℃,更优选Tg>40℃)。硬芯可以是Tg>0 ℃的固体聚合物,但还可以包含少量上面形成硬芯的低Tg晶种的组合。例如,本发明中可包含5%的分散到硬芯中的少量橡胶芯晶种作为硬芯,只要该组合起硬芯的作用。在一个实施方式中,芯是交联的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯-丙烯酸乙酯共聚物,中间层是交联的聚丙烯酸丁酯-苯乙烯共聚物,外壳是聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯-丙烯酸乙酯共聚物。
外层中的抗冲改性剂的平均粒度小于225nm,优选为50-200nm。与典型的3-层抗冲改性剂相比,小粒度的抗冲改性剂能使外层在热成型后保持其光泽。具有相同加入量的粒径大于或等于225nm的硬芯抗冲改性剂的丙烯酸类外层在热成型后其光泽保留性差。
内层是抗冲改性的热塑性聚合物,并与外层相邻。相邻较好地指内层和外层相互直接接触,不过也可以使用粘合剂薄层将两个相邻层粘合在一起。内层的热塑性聚合物基体包括但不限于:聚碳酸酯,聚酯,聚苯乙烯,苯乙烯/丙烯腈共聚物,聚烯烃,聚(氯乙烯),氯化聚(氯乙烯),酰亚胺化丙烯酸类聚合物,或丙烯酸类聚合物。优选的内层是丙烯酸类聚合物。丙烯酸类聚合物基体可以是如上面定义的任何丙烯酸类的均聚物或共聚物,或它们的混合物。内层丙烯酸类母体聚合物可以与外层丙烯酸类母体聚合物的基体相同或不同。对透明层,聚合物基体和抗冲改性剂的折射率应该匹配,在许多情况下,内层不要求是透明层,因此,也就不要求折射率匹配。
内层的抗冲改性剂的主要作用是提高内层的冲击性。用于内层的抗冲改性剂的平均粒度大于或等于225nm,优选250-350nm。已知较大颗粒比较小颗粒能提供更好的冲击性。内层的抗冲改性剂的组成可以与外层所用的抗冲改性剂的组成相同,或者可以是其他组成。在一个实施方式中,芯是交联的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯-丙烯酸乙酯共聚物,中间层是交联的聚丙烯酸丁酯-苯乙烯共聚物,外壳是聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯-丙烯酸乙酯共聚物。
以内层的重量为基准,内层中抗冲改性剂的含量为4-60重量%,优选20-45重量%。内层的厚度可以有很大不同,优选为50μm至2.5cm之间。
抗冲改性的内层和外层还可以含有通常存在于丙烯酸类配方中的其他添加剂,包括但不限于:稳定剂,增塑剂,填料,着色剂,颜料,抗氧化剂,抗静电剂,表面活性剂,调色剂,折射率匹配添加剂和分散助剂。
本发明的一个实施方式中,上述抗冲改性层中的一层和优选两层是抗冲改性的丙烯酸类聚合物与含氟聚合物的混合物。在这类混合物的一个实施方式 中,外层可含有混有抗冲改性外层的大于50重量%的含氟聚合物,如聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF),内层可含有混有含氟聚合物的大于50重量%的内层抗冲改性的丙烯酸类聚合物。  对PVDF/丙烯酸类聚合物混合物的说明可参见US 5,256,472和US 6,811,859,这两个专利都通过参考结合于本文。
多层组合物可以采用本领域已知的任何方法形成。在一个实施方式中,内层和外层分开形成片或膜,然后采用如在加热辊之间连续层压、压机中热压的方法层压,或者用插入两层之间的粘合剂层进行层叠。在优选的实施方式中,多层丙烯酸类组合物通过共挤出或将膜层叠到熔体上制成。
在另一个实施方式中,如图3所示,多层组合物的内层的两面都有丙烯酸类外层。
多层抗冲改性的丙烯酸类组合物可粘合到基材的一个或更多表面上,形成多层复合结构。图1示出本发明在基材单侧上的多层丙烯酸类膜,图2示出在基材两侧上都有多层丙烯酸类组合物的多层复合物。
基材可以几乎是任何基材,优选的基材包括但不限于:塑料,金属,木材,玻璃和石材。基材可以是单层,或者其本身就包含多层。优选的塑料基材包括聚丙烯腈丁二烯-苯乙烯,聚丙烯腈-苯乙烯丙烯酸类,聚碳酸酯/聚丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯,高冲聚苯乙烯,聚氯乙烯,热塑性烯烃,聚烯烃,聚苯乙烯,聚苯乙烯-丙烯腈,聚碳酸酯,聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯,和乙二醇化(glycolised)聚酯。
在热塑性基材情况,多层复合物可以通过多挤出(multi-extrusion)工艺形成。不同共挤出工艺和加工条件可参见D.G.Baird,D.I.Collais,聚合物加工(Polymer Processing)(John Wiley & Sons,Inc.,New York,NY,1998)。多层复合物还可以通过将多层组合物层叠在基材上而形成,并可以通过使用粘合剂将多层组合物粘合到基材上而形成。
多层丙烯酸类组合物或多层复合物可以用作平板,或者通过本领域已知的方法形成其他产品,如模内装潢,吹塑,片材成型,共挤出,异型挤出和热成型。
可由本发明的多层丙烯酸类组合物和/或多层复合物形成的产品的一些例子包括但不限于:温泉(spas);柜台台面;水槽;浴缸内衬和外围;汽车和其他机动车的部件,包括越野(all-terrain)车和娱乐车部件,如车身板,外胎,车身顶盖(tonneau cover),货箱(cargo box),挡泥板衬板,牵引座罩(fifth wheel cover), 草地拖拉机(1awn tractor)部件;发动机外罩;船体;计算机外壳;移动电话外壳;以及用作对如洗衣机、冰箱和洗碗机的家用电器中的金属包壳的替换件。
下面的实施例旨在进一步说明本发明的各方面,不构成对本发明范围的限制。
实施例:
实施例1形成用于外层的树脂
高光泽表面是非常光滑的,因此只在镜面方向反射光。然而,从粗糙表面反射的光不仅发生在镜面方向,而且以较宽角度发生,导致有光雾外观的表面。引起光雾表面外观的一个因素是在表面上或表面附近存在大粒度的颗粒。大粒度的颗粒还可从表面突出,造成表面高度的变化大于小颗粒。
这种现象的一个例子示于表1。对本试验,将两种含42重量%抗冲改性剂的抗冲改性的丙烯酸类样品注塑,获得高光泽的薄片(plaque)。在热成型之前,测定该薄片在60°角的光泽。然后,将该薄片于350
Figure 2006800246912_0
在阴模上热成型,垂伸比为3∶1至4∶1。将样品冷却至室温后,再次在60°角测定光泽。由表1可知,含粒径175nm的抗冲改性剂的样品的光泽保留性明显大于含粒径300nm的抗冲改性剂的样品。这一数据清楚地表明:存在较小粒度的颗粒,如粒径为175nm的颗粒的情况,对表面光雾的影响远小于较大粒度的颗粒。
TABLE 1
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
*体积平均直径,通过动态光散射测定。
实施例2
多层复合组合物也能获得优良的光泽保留性。在本实施例中,共挤出三层的复合片材。表2列出了各层的组成。
表2
Figure 117352DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
层1、2和3的厚度分别为0.010英寸,0.012英寸和0.080英寸。使用台锯(table saw),将三层片材切割成三个13×13英寸的正方形。在热成型之前测定每个样品在20°角的光泽。然后,样品于320
Figure 2006800246912_1
进行热成型。样品冷却至室温后,再次测定在20°的光泽。将三个样品在热成型之前和之后的平均光泽、光泽变化和光泽保留性的数据列于表3中。这些数据表明这种多层复合组合物在热成型后获得优良的光泽保留性。
表3:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE004

Claims (23)

1.一种丙烯酸类多层组合物,从外至内包含以下层:
a)外层,包含丙烯酸类聚合物基体和以外层总组合物为基准计的5-60重量%硬芯的芯/壳抗冲改性剂,该抗冲改性剂平均粒度小于225nm,其中,所述硬芯的Tg高于0℃;和
b)内层,包含热塑性聚合物基体和以内层总组合物为基准计的4-60重量%的芯/壳抗冲改性剂,该芯/壳抗冲改性剂平均粒度大于或等于225nm。
2.如权利要求1所述的丙烯酸类多层组合物,其特征在于,所述外层中的丙烯酸类聚合物基体包含50-100重量%甲基丙烯酸甲酯单体单元。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的丙烯酸类多层组合物,其特征在于,所述内层的热塑性聚合物基体选自:聚碳酸酯,聚酯,聚烯烃,和丙烯酸类聚合物。
4.如前述权利要求1所述的丙烯酸类多层组合物,其特征在于,所述热塑性聚合物基体是丙烯酸类聚合物基体,包含50-100重量%甲基丙烯酸甲酯单体单元。
5.如前述权利要求1所述的丙烯酸类多层组合物,其特征在于,所述内层热塑性聚合物基体是丙烯酸类聚合物基体,其中,在内层和外层中的丙烯酸类聚合物基体是相同的或不同的。
6.如前述权利要求5所述的丙烯酸类多层组合物,其特征在于,所述内层和外层中至少一层中的丙烯酸类聚合物基体是含氟聚合物和抗冲改性的丙烯酸类聚合物的混合物。
7.如前述权利要求1所述的丙烯酸类多层组合物,其特征在于,所述外层的厚度为2.5μm至2.5mm。
8.如前述权利要求1所述的丙烯酸类多层组合物,其特征在于,所述内层的厚度为25μm至2.5cm。
9.如前述权利要求1所述的丙烯酸类多层组合物,其特征在于,以外层总组合物为基准,所述外层包含8-40重量%的所述硬芯的芯/壳抗冲改性剂。
10.如前述权利要求1所述的丙烯酸类多层组合物,其特征在于,所述外层中的抗冲改性剂的平均粒度为50-200nm。
11.如前述权利要求3所述的丙烯酸类多层组合物,其特征在于,所述的聚烯烃选自聚苯乙烯、苯乙烯/丙烯腈共聚物、聚(氯乙烯)和氯化的聚(氯乙烯),所述的丙烯酸类聚合物为酰亚胺化丙烯酸类聚合物。
12.一种多层复合结构,从外至内包括以下组分:
1)丙烯酸类多层组合物,从外至内包含以下层:
a)外层,包含丙烯酸类树脂和以外层总组合物为基准计的5-60重量%硬芯的芯/壳抗冲改性剂,该抗冲改性剂平均粒度小于225nm,其中,所述硬芯的Tg高于0℃;
b)内层,包含热塑性树脂和以内层总组合物为基准计的4-60重量%的抗冲改性剂,该抗冲改性剂平均粒度大于或等于225nm;和
2)基材。
13.如权利要求12所述的多层复合结构,其特征在于,所述基材是塑料,金属,木材,玻璃或石材。
14.如权利要求12或13所述的多层复合结构,其特征在于,所述基材选自聚烯烃,聚碳酸酯和乙二醇化的聚酯。
15.如权利要求12或13所述的多层复合结构,其特征在于,所述基材选自热塑性聚烯烃和聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯。
16.如权利要求12或13所述的多层复合结构,其特征在于,所述基材选自聚丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯,聚丙烯腈-苯乙烯-丙烯酸类,聚碳酸酯/聚丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯,聚氯乙烯,聚苯乙烯和聚苯乙烯-丙烯腈。
17.如权利要求16所述的多层复合结构,其特征在于,所述聚苯乙烯为高冲聚苯乙烯。
18.如权利要求14所述的多层复合结构,其特征在于,该多层复合结构在所述内层和外层抗冲改性的丙烯酸类层的基材另一侧上还包括第二内层抗冲改性的丙烯酸类层,然后是第二外层抗冲改性的丙烯酸类层。
19.一种制品,包括权利要求1所述的多层丙烯酸类组合物。
20.如权利要求19所述的制品,可以用作平板,或者通过模内装潢,片材成型,和热成型的方式形成。
21.如权利要求19或20所述的制品,其中所述制品包括浴盆;柜台台面;水槽;浴缸内衬和外围;汽车和其他机动车的部件;船体;计算机外壳;移动电话外壳;以及用作家用电器中的金属包壳的替换件。
22.如权利要求19或20所述的制品,其中所述制品包括发动机外罩。
23.如权利要求21所述的制品,其中所述的家用电器为洗衣机、冰箱或洗碗机。
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US8034441B2 (en) 2011-10-11
EP1910464A4 (en) 2008-08-13
ATE437918T2 (de) 2009-08-15
KR101433678B1 (ko) 2014-08-25
CN101218293A (zh) 2008-07-09
JP5203189B2 (ja) 2013-06-05
JP2009500203A (ja) 2009-01-08
AU2006269668A1 (en) 2007-01-18
EP1910464B2 (en) 2017-08-23
DE602006008149D1 (de) 2009-09-10
EP1910464A1 (en) 2008-04-16
EP1910464B1 (en) 2009-07-29
WO2007008304A1 (en) 2007-01-18
AU2006269668B2 (en) 2011-04-21
KR20080033246A (ko) 2008-04-16
MX2008000319A (es) 2008-03-19
US20070009752A1 (en) 2007-01-11

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