CN1007505B - 用于无摩擦载重运输的磁力系统 - Google Patents

用于无摩擦载重运输的磁力系统

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Publication number
CN1007505B
CN1007505B CN87102608A CN87102301A CN1007505B CN 1007505 B CN1007505 B CN 1007505B CN 87102608 A CN87102608 A CN 87102608A CN 87102301 A CN87102301 A CN 87102301A CN 1007505 B CN1007505 B CN 1007505B
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
magnet
section bar
magnetic force
force systems
load
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
CN87102608A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
CN87102301A (zh
Inventor
彼得·施斯特
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Eaton Corp
Original Assignee
Eaton Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Eaton Corp filed Critical Eaton Corp
Publication of CN87102301A publication Critical patent/CN87102301A/zh
Priority claimed from NO874460A external-priority patent/NO168571C/no
Publication of CN1007505B publication Critical patent/CN1007505B/zh
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • B61B—RAILWAY SYSTEMS; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B61B13/00—Other railway systems
    • B61B13/12—Systems with propulsion devices between or alongside the rails, e.g. pneumatic systems
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/06—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into moulds with travelling walls, e.g. with rolls, plates, belts, caterpillars
    • B22D11/0605—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into moulds with travelling walls, e.g. with rolls, plates, belts, caterpillars formed by two belts, e.g. Hazelett-process
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/06—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into moulds with travelling walls, e.g. with rolls, plates, belts, caterpillars
    • B22D11/0637—Accessories therefor
    • B22D11/068—Accessories therefor for cooling the cast product during its passage through the mould surfaces
    • B22D11/0685—Accessories therefor for cooling the cast product during its passage through the mould surfaces by cooling the casting belts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
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    • B22D41/14—Closures
    • B22D41/22—Closures sliding-gate type, i.e. having a fixed plate and a movable plate in sliding contact with each other for selective registry of their openings
    • B22D41/28—Plates therefor
    • B22D41/34—Supporting, fixing or centering means therefor
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    • B25C5/02—Manually operated portable stapling tools; Hand-held power-operated stapling tools; Staple feeding devices therefor with provision for bending the ends of the staples on to the work
    • B25C5/0285—Hand-held stapling tools, e.g. manually operated, i.e. not resting on a working surface during operation
    • B25C5/0292—Hand-held stapling tools, e.g. manually operated, i.e. not resting on a working surface during operation with the objects to be stapled together introduced perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of the tool in an opening formed by an anvil and a plunger
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    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
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    • B29C48/305—Extrusion nozzles or dies having a wide opening, e.g. for forming sheets
    • B29C48/307—Extrusion nozzles or dies having a wide opening, e.g. for forming sheets specially adapted for bringing together components, e.g. melts within the die
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    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
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    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
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    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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Abstract

本发明涉及一个用于无摩擦载重运输的磁力系统，它至少具有一个固定在载荷7上的磁铁(1)，并与一个铁磁性的型梁(2)相配置。重要的是，磁铁(1)对于型材(2)是这样设置的：一个磁铁(1)的极面至少与一个垂直的型壁共同作用，并基本上与这个壁平行地安置。当一个型壁(2)的两侧设置了磁铁，该磁铁就型壁而言以同性相对而置(推斥原理)，这就获得了一个特别好的实施方案。此时，在纵向上看，磁铁总是成对地安置，并且也总是成对地通过一个铁磁性板(4)进行短接。

Description

本发明涉及一种用于无摩擦载重运输的磁力系统，它具有：至少一个固定于固定梁上的软磁型梁，该型梁具有至少一个垂直的並同时平行于运输方向定向的型材壁；至少一个永久磁铁，它沿着型材壁並基本上平行于该型材壁布置，其磁极方向与运输方向垂直；在磁铁与型梁之间每一方具有一基本衡定的空气隙，其中载重是固定在磁铁上的；以及用于衡定地维持空气隙的机械装置。
公知的磁力系统也称做滑动系统，它实际上是无摩擦地在支承轨道上与其相隔一定距离地向前运动。这个系统总共是很昂贵和复杂的，因而其经济实用性尚令人怀疑。
正如86年1月3日“德国工程师协会通报”（VDI-Nachrichten）杂志第一期，艾姆登（Emden）所写的磁性轨道“快速运输06”中所述的，显而易见地、为了使车辆升高一公分就需要巨大的技术耗资。遗憾的是，为了把120吨重的车辆保持在悬浮状态，所需的能耗未曾确定。在承载196人的情况下，就要大约相当于120，000kg的载重能力，也就是每人相应于612kg（按每人约80kg重算）。为此还需要昂贵的应用技术以及涉及在下雪与结冰情况下尚未解决的问题。
在公知的日本悬浮铁路中还有较大的困难。其中一些必须先在车轮上滚动，直到达到200公里/小时的速度时才开始悬浮。
在西德公开公报DE-OS2426053中描述的所谓“柏林 磁力铁路”的功能与前类相似，它的区别在于导轮在磁场上方引行。
另外由法国申请案2228650（Merlin  Gerin）公开了一个磁力运输系统，在这个系统中安置了磁铁，特别是永久磁铁、铁磁性的型材。其中在第一个实施例中磁铁被布置在二个基本上水平的型壁的中间，在其间从运输方向看去，每磁铁具有交替的磁极定向並在每磁铁之间具有一空气隙。由此就在相继的每两个磁铁之间产生出基本上水平的磁力线通量。在第二个实施例中、在一单个型梁壁中其两侧上布置相互对置的磁铁对，这些磁铁对具有交替的磁极定向，由此就确立了一种垂直地穿过型梁壁的磁力线的简单、水平的导向。总的承载能力所获甚低，总承载亦达有效载重的许多倍。
由西德公开公报DE-053347635公开了一个磁力系统，无论在垂直的型梁壁的两侧上还是在向上张开的、包围T型型材壁的U型型材的翼缘的内侧上，这样地叠放着在运输方向延伸的磁带材，使在垂直方向看去具有交替的磁极定向。同时在型梁上及U型型材上相互对置着的每个极面的极性相异（吸力原则）。虽然这里通过垂直的磁力线导向避免了运输时涡流的产生，但是在此也只实现了一相对小的承载力。此外，所利用的结构耗资很大，因为需要设置许多磁铁，以便能将一确定的载荷举起。
西德公开公报DE-OS2146143也公开了一个电磁支承与导向系统，它具有至少一个设有基本上U型磁芯型材的电磁铁，该U型磁芯型材上固定载荷，以及一个安装在一固定支承梁上的软磁U状型梁，它的翼缘型壁是垂直定的。磁力线是经过这两个本身基本在垂直方向上对置的U状型材实现闭合。该系统由于使用了电磁铁因此耗资较多。还使用可调电磁铁的导向系统用作侧向导向，使系统的结 构变得相当复杂。
最后由美国专利公报US－pS4424185（Vinson）公开了一种运输系统，其中用于举起载荷的永久磁铁在运行方向上彼此前后相继地交替磁极地布置。在永久磁铁的两个极侧面上设置了二个由铁磁叠片构成的轨道。它们构成了彼此平行的並平行于磁极的基本上垂直的壁。磁铁在运行方向上彼此间设有空气隙並且以交替的磁极定向布置，以使得在每两个相继的磁铁之间出现基本上水平的磁力线通量。在型梁与磁铁之间保持相对衡定的空气隙是通过相应的导向轮实现的。在为了避免涡流使用的叠片式型梁中沿着整个运行区段上嵌有电磁线圈，它们通过相应的外部控制与固定在载荷上並在运行方向交换极性地布置的永久磁铁相互作用以供向前推进及部分地用于悬浮。由于利用了型梁的叠片式结构及在其中嵌制的线圈使装置的效率相对大大地降低了。其结构方面，特别是型梁是非常复杂及昂贵的，尤其是因为运行区段的整个长度必须用叠片及嵌在其中的线圈制作。
本发明的任务是：提供一个前述类型的磁力系统，它在结构上简单、轻巧，在能量消耗小的情况下保证安全的性能；保证支承系统的高效率及最低限度上实现涡流的降低。
这个任务根据本发明将通过下述技术特征的磁力系统来解决：型梁为一个向下方开口的U状型材，它的两个翼缘构成了互相平行的垂直型材壁；及在该两个型材壁中至少设置了一个磁铁。
因此，型梁是一个由铁磁材料制作的向下开口的U状型材，它的翼缘构成了互相平行的垂直型材壁，在型材壁之间也即在型材中间设置了至少一个磁铁。
对此其结构至少用一个内部磁铁就够了。磁力线通过上方闭合的 U状型材传导，由此达到了一种垂直的磁力线导向。它带来了的优点是在支承系统中的涡流仅剩有非常低的实际上可以忽略的程度。而且这也是结构上十分简单的解决方案，同时也是非常经济的。当多个磁铁以同样的磁极定向在运输方向或行驶方向上前后相继地布置时，自然就提高了效率。
根据本发明构思的另一结构，系统的支承力还能明显地提高，这时在两个型材壁相应的每个外侧上至少设置了一个外部磁铁/磁铁对，其中相对于垂直壁对置的内部与外部磁铁是彼此用同极性的磁铁面对放的。当两个外部磁铁上的外部磁极通过一个向上开口的U状型材短路时更具优点。因此外部磁铁是固定在短路用的U状型材翼缘的内表面上。同时至少的一个内部磁铁通过一个隔离板相对于短路用的U状型材隔开並同时地固定在该型材上。由此使磁力线在垂直平面中延伸。这就带来了前述的优点，即在支承系统中的涡流仅剩有非常低的程度。
通过並列的多个型材的布置或多个型材的並列布置，该多个彼此平行的型材壁上具有相应布置的磁铁，其承载能力还能达到进一步显著的提高。
根据本发明的磁力系统允许在不同的结构解决方案中采用。于是由该系统运载的载荷可以设置在型材/磁铁结构的上方。由此实现了一种所谓立置结构。
机车的传动而且能用不同的方式实现，例如采用传动轮，它们与支承轨相接触，或者借助于一个线性电机。
然而由该系统推进的载荷也可以设置在型材/磁铁结构的下方。由此获得了所谓悬挂式结构。这种悬挂式结构可以认为是较优良的变 型，因为这里铁磁型梁以及传动元件均设置在一个支承系统，譬如一个混凝土梁的下方。因此避免了天气的不利影响，尤其在冬天。
以下借助涉及附图的各实施例对本发明进行详细描述。附图为：
图1：具有U状型梁及在型材垂直壁/翼缘之间设置的磁铁的基本实施形式，是在未加载荷状态；
图2：与图1相同的结构，但是在下方加载后使磁铁从型材中垂直地拉下；
图3：为第二种实施形式，具有U状型梁及在内部、即在型材翼缘/支承壁之间与在外部、即在型材翼缘的外部设置的磁铁，以及具有一个向上方开口的外部磁铁短路用U状型材；
图4：一个按图1中Ⅳ－Ⅳ线的水平剖面图，它描述了磁铁上的导轮结构与型材翼缘的配置关系；
图5至8是系统涉及混凝土梁及载荷的各种可能结构方案：
图5：第一种结构形式，具有在型材/磁铁结构下方的运输载荷（悬挂结构）；
图6：一种具有在型材/磁铁结构上方运输载荷的结构形式（立置结构）；
图7：一种具有悬挂载荷系统的侧视图，这里载荷是一个旅客运输车辆；及
图8：一个按图7中结构的前视图。
在图1及图2中描绘的实施例中设置了一个作为支承型材2的由铁磁材料制成的U形轨道。在向下开口的型材2的两个垂直翼缘之间这样地设置了一个磁铁1，即它的两个极面总是与侧壁靠近有距离地布置，並基本上和它们平行。由此使磁力线能够由一个磁极出发通过 邻近的垂直支承型材壁，型材基部及第二个垂直支承型材壁到达磁铁1的第二个极。这样，磁力线就取得了一最佳垂直路线。
图2展示在很大负载状态下按图1结构的状况。磁铁1通过一个固定其上的重量向下拉得越远，反作用力（悬浮力）就越大。在承载时，磁铁由型材中拉出、直到吸力与载荷平衡为止。对于磁铁的垂直位置因此不需调整。
图3中描绘的实施例展示了一个磁力放大的结构方案，在这种情况下，型梁2同样是一个向下开口的U形型材。相对它的两个垂直型材壁或翼缘来说，不论在它们中间还是在它们的外面均设置了基本上与型材面对置的内部及外部磁铁1。相应于型材壁相对放置的极面取相同极性（N-N;S-S）。並且外部磁铁1经过一个向上开口的U形型材2短路。内部的磁铁1通过譬如一个隔离板8与短路型材4隔开。由于相对放置的磁铁的同极性结构使得相互排斥的磁力线取得经过磁性支承壁2或短路型材4的一个相应的路线。而且实际上存在两个磁力线环路。第一个环路从内部磁铁1经过内部U形型梁2形成，如图1中例子所示。第二环路经过短路型材4、外部磁铁再到内部型梁2形成。
在图4中明显地展示了磁铁1与型梁2的侧壁的配置关系。其中导轮3设置得使磁铁在弯道中准确地保持在两壁的中间。
图5展示了在悬挂结构中系统1，2的应用方案。在一个混凝土梁6的下方固定地安装了型梁2，而在设置在下方的载荷7上侧设置了与型梁2相互作用的磁铁1，该载荷7譬如是一个运输车辆。在载荷或在车辆7另处的上方设置了导轮3，它们与中心承载轨配合工作。借助一个同样安装在中心的直线电动机5实现前进运动。
图6展示了一个所谓的载荷7相对于系统1，2的立置结构。型梁2在这里也位于混凝土梁的下方並在混凝土梁6的侧臂上。载荷或车辆7设置在梁6的上方並从下面握住混凝土梁6的侧臂。磁铁1被支承得使它们能与支承梁2相应地相互作用。在混凝土梁6的上方中心支承着一个用于未示出的导轮和用于作向前运动的直线电动机5的导轨。
在图7及图8中描绘了一个实际的实施例。载荷或车辆7在这里是一个客运车辆。在它的上边固定了磁铁1，它伸入到一个向下开口的U形梁中。显然，车辆7是在悬挂结构中运行的。

Claims (11)

1、用于无摩擦载重运输的磁力系统，它具有：至少一个固定于固定梁上的软磁性型梁，该型梁具有至少一个垂直的並同时平行于运输方向定向的型材壁；至少一个永久磁铁，它沿着型材壁並基本上平行于该型材壁布置，其磁极方向与运输方向垂直；在磁铁与型梁之间每一方具有一基本衡定的空气隙，其中载重是固定在磁铁上的；以及用于衡定地维持空气隙的机械装置，其特征在于：
型梁(2)为一个向下方开口的U形型材(2)，它的两个翼缘构成了互相平行的垂直型材壁；以及在该两个型材壁(2)中间至少设置了一个磁铁(1)。
2、根据权利要求1的磁力系统，其特征在于：在两个型材壁（2）中间设置了一个磁铁（1）。
3、根据权利要求1的磁力系统，其特征在于：在两个型材壁之间至少设置了二个在长度方向或运行方向上前后相继布置的磁铁。
4、根据权利要求3的磁力系统，其特征在于：这些磁铁从运行方向来看，总是按同极性定向布置的，以及在这些前后相继布置的磁铁（1）中间未设置空气隙。
5、根据权利要求1的磁力系统，其特征在于：在U形型材的内部、在其两个垂直型材壁的中间至少设置了一个磁铁（1），並且在该型材壁相应的外侧每方至少设置一个磁铁（1），其中总是以同极性的磁面彼此朝向垂直壁。
6、根据权利要求5的磁力系统，其特征在于：外部磁铁（1）经由一个向上方开口的U形型材（4）短路，並且内部磁铁（1）通过一个隔离板（8）与该U状型材（4）隔开。
7、根据上述权利要求（之一）的磁力系统，其特征在于：为了提高承载能力，具有相应布置磁铁（1）的多个U形型材（2）並列地设置。
8、根据权利要求1的磁力系统，其特征在于：由系统（1，2）运输的载荷（7）设置在型材/磁铁结构的上方（立置结构）。
9、根据权利要求1的磁力系统，其特征在于：由系统（1，2）运输的载荷（7）设置在型材/磁铁结构的下方（悬挂结构）。
10、根据权利要求1的磁力系统，其特征在于：为了在系统（1、2）中实现运输，设置了一个线性电动机。
11、根据权利要求1的磁力系统，其特征在于：为了在系统（1、2）中实现与型材相互作用的运输，设置了至少被一个电机操纵的传动轮。
CN87102608A 1986-02-27 1987-02-27 用于无摩擦载重运输的磁力系统 Expired CN1007505B (zh)

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DE3606459 1986-02-27
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DE3635258A DE3635258C1 (de) 1986-02-27 1986-10-16 Magnetkraftsystem fuer reibungsarmen Transport von Lasten
DEP3635258.6 1986-10-16
NO874460A NO168571C (no) 1986-02-27 1987-10-26 Magnetkraftsystem for friksjonsfri transport av last
NO904687A NO174497B (no) 1986-02-27 1990-10-29 Magnetkraftsystem for lavfriksjonstransport av last

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