CN100572385C - 具有氰基硼酸根阴离子的盐 - Google Patents
具有氰基硼酸根阴离子的盐 Download PDFInfo
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- CN100572385C CN100572385C CNB2007101361308A CN200710136130A CN100572385C CN 100572385 C CN100572385 C CN 100572385C CN B2007101361308 A CNB2007101361308 A CN B2007101361308A CN 200710136130 A CN200710136130 A CN 200710136130A CN 100572385 C CN100572385 C CN 100572385C
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- alkali metal
- salt
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- nmr
- reaction
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- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 title abstract description 28
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 title abstract description 12
- URSLCTBXQMKCFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N dihydrogenborate Chemical compound OB(O)[O-] URSLCTBXQMKCFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract description 7
- -1 organic cations salt Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052728 basic metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 30
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical group [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 30
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- MNWBNISUBARLIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium cyanide Chemical compound [Na+].N#[C-] MNWBNISUBARLIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003746 solid phase reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010671 solid-state reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium iodide Inorganic materials [Li+].[I-] HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 21
- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 51
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 21
- NNFCIKHAZHQZJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium cyanide Chemical compound [K+].N#[C-] NNFCIKHAZHQZJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000000921 elemental analysis Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 13
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 12
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000004607 11B NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 9
- XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanide Chemical compound N#[C-] XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 150000002892 organic cations Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- IBZJNLWLRUHZIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethyl-3-methyl-2h-imidazole Chemical compound CCN1CN(C)C=C1 IBZJNLWLRUHZIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 6
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 6
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000001644 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004009 13C{1H}-NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 5
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 235000011167 hydrochloric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical class CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 4
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 4
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- WTEOIRVLGSZEPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron trifluoride Chemical compound FB(F)F WTEOIRVLGSZEPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000013558 reference substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- YFTHZRPMJXBUME-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripropylamine Chemical compound CCCN(CCC)CCC YFTHZRPMJXBUME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RILZRCJGXSFXNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]ethanol Chemical compound OCCC1=CC=C(OC(F)(F)F)C=C1 RILZRCJGXSFXNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UIOWFYDMDBRHLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butyl-3-methylpyridine Chemical compound CCCCC1=NC=CC=C1C UIOWFYDMDBRHLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- KVMPQUTWRWVTQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyanatoboronic acid Chemical compound OB(O)OC#N KVMPQUTWRWVTQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004834 15N NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910015900 BF3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910019093 NaOCl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001449 anionic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- AIYUHDOJVYHVIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M caesium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cs+] AIYUHDOJVYHVIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000026030 halogenation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005658 halogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002243 precursor Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Na+].Cl[O-] SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- KAIPKTYOBMEXRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butyl-3-methyl-2h-imidazole Chemical compound CCCCN1CN(C)C=C1 KAIPKTYOBMEXRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101710134784 Agnoprotein Proteins 0.000 description 1
- FZSZOSZXHJXUJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N B(C#N)(O)OC(C1=CC=CC=C1)(C2=CC=CC=C2)C3=CC=CC=C3 Chemical compound B(C#N)(O)OC(C1=CC=CC=C1)(C2=CC=CC=C2)C3=CC=CC=C3 FZSZOSZXHJXUJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTFSLYLXYQIZMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N B(O)(O)O.B(O)(O)O.B(O)(O)O.B(O)(O)O.C(#N)[Li] Chemical compound B(O)(O)O.B(O)(O)O.B(O)(O)O.B(O)(O)O.C(#N)[Li] RTFSLYLXYQIZMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MOOIJFDMRCXAKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N B([O-])([O-])[O-].C(#N)CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC.C(#N)CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC.C(#N)CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC Chemical compound B([O-])([O-])[O-].C(#N)CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC.C(#N)CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC.C(#N)CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC MOOIJFDMRCXAKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- LGMSMWWJASYYGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C)N1CN(C=C1)C.B(O)(O)C#N Chemical compound C(C)N1CN(C=C1)C.B(O)(O)C#N LGMSMWWJASYYGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SVZKTPAFWNRSET-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(CCC)N1CN(C=C1)C.B(O)(O)C#N Chemical compound C(CCC)N1CN(C=C1)C.B(O)(O)C#N SVZKTPAFWNRSET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-OUBTZVSYSA-N Deuterium Chemical compound [2H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-OUBTZVSYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006117 Diels-Alder cycloaddition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FVIGODVHAVLZOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dixanthogen Chemical compound CCOC(=S)SSC(=S)OCC FVIGODVHAVLZOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010013786 Dry skin Diseases 0.000 description 1
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 206010016825 Flushing Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000005727 Friedel-Crafts reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007341 Heck reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910013553 LiNO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XADZFWQMHPDWRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N NC#N.NC#N.NC#N.OB(O)O Chemical compound NC#N.NC#N.NC#N.OB(O)O XADZFWQMHPDWRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001237 Raman spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003818 basic metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001642 boronic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005587 bubbling Effects 0.000 description 1
- KXZJHVJKXJLBKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N chembl1408157 Chemical compound N=1C2=CC=CC=C2C(C(=O)O)=CC=1C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 KXZJHVJKXJLBKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005660 chlorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009841 combustion method Methods 0.000 description 1
- HZXXSCOUSGLRRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyanoboronic acid Chemical compound OB(O)C#N HZXXSCOUSGLRRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000007405 data analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052805 deuterium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- OKVJWADVFPXWQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N difluoroborinic acid Chemical compound OB(F)F OKVJWADVFPXWQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005518 electrochemistry Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 1
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002815 homogeneous catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxidooxidoaluminium Chemical compound O[Al]=O FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000003949 imides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001412 inorganic anion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- JORQDGTZGKHEEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium cyanide Chemical compound [Li+].N#[C-] JORQDGTZGKHEEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000006210 lotion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002891 organic anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003444 phase transfer catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004476 plant protection product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Substances C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012925 reference material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007430 reference method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013557 residual solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001495 sodium tetrafluoroborate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RPACBEVZENYWOL-XFULWGLBSA-M sodium;(2r)-2-[6-(4-chlorophenoxy)hexyl]oxirane-2-carboxylate Chemical compound [Na+].C=1C=C(Cl)C=CC=1OCCCCCC[C@]1(C(=O)[O-])CO1 RPACBEVZENYWOL-XFULWGLBSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000003019 stabilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002769 thiazolinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000004454 trace mineral analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- CCZXMDQFIVMWMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N trifluoromethoxyboronic acid Chemical compound OB(O)OC(F)(F)F CCZXMDQFIVMWMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001889 triflyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms in addition to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/16—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms in addition to the ring nitrogen atom containing only one pyridine ring
- C07D213/20—Quaternary compounds thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F5/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 3 or 13 of the Periodic Table
- C07F5/02—Boron compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C211/00—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton
- C07C211/62—Quaternary ammonium compounds
- C07C211/63—Quaternary ammonium compounds having quaternised nitrogen atoms bound to acyclic carbon atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C211/00—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton
- C07C211/62—Quaternary ammonium compounds
- C07C211/64—Quaternary ammonium compounds having quaternised nitrogen atoms bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D233/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings
- C07D233/54—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F1/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 1 or 11 of the Periodic Table
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
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- C07F5/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 3 or 13 of the Periodic Table
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Abstract
本发明涉及制备碱金属氰基硼酸盐的方法、其进一步转化为包含氰基硼酸根阴离子和有机阳离子的盐的转化、这些盐、以及其用作离子性液体的用途。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及制备碱金属氰基硼酸盐的方法,还涉及其进一步转化为含有氰基硼酸根阴离子和有机阳离子的盐的转化,涉及这些盐,并涉及其作为离子液体的用途。
背景技术
离子液体或液体盐是由有机阳离子和通常为无机阴离子的阴离子组成的离子物质。其不含中性分子,通常具有低于373K的熔点。在现有技术中,可用作离子液体的大量化合物是已知的。特别地,它们也是一系列专利和专利申请的主题内容。
例如,Hurley和Wier在一系列美国专利(US 2,446,331、US 2,446,339和US 2,446,350)中首次公开了不含溶剂的离子液体。这些“在室温下熔融的盐类”包含AlCl3和大量的正烷基吡啶鎓卤化物。
近年来就该主题发表了一些评论文章(R.Sheldon″Catalytic Reactionsin ionic liquids″(离子液体中的催化反应),Chem.Commun.,2001,2399-2407;M.J.Earle,K.R.Seddon″Ionic liquids.Green solvent for thefuture″(离子液体,未来的绿色溶剂),Pure Appl.Chem.,72(2000),1391-1398;P.Wasserscheid,W.Keim″Ionische Flüssig-keiten-neuefür die(离子液体-用于过渡金属催化的新型溶剂),Angew.Chem.,112(2000),3926-3945;T.Welton″Roomteperature ionic liquids.Solvents for synthesis and catalysis″(室温离子液体,用于合成和催化的溶剂),Chem.Rev.,92(1999),2071-2083;R.Hagiwara,Ya.Ito″Room Temperature ionic liquids of alkylimidazoliumcations and fluoroanions″(烷基咪唑鎓离子和氟阴离子的室温离子液体),Journal of Fluorine Chem.,105(2000),221-227)。
离子液体的性质,例如熔点、热稳定性和电化学稳定性、粘度,极大地受阴离子性质的影响。相反,可以通过适当地选择阳离子/阴离子对改变其极性和亲水性或亲油性。因此,对具有改变的特性(这些特性有助于它们在用途方面的其它可能性)的新型离子液体有着基本的需求。
随着氯铝酸1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓的发现,在离子液体领域取得了至关重要的进步。这种盐具有宽的液相范围和高于3V的电化学窗口,因而对电化学和合成目的具有非常重要的意义。但是,其用途受化学不稳定性(尤其是对潮湿不稳定)的限制。在发现了对水解更为稳定的四氟硼酸1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓后,研究了烷基咪唑鎓阳离子与无机或有机阴离子的结合,其中四氟硼酸1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓是其中最具代表性的。
咪唑鎓阳离子的稳定性相对较高,其分解温度基本上由阴离子决定。因此,1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓与三氟甲烷磺酸根和双(三氟甲基磺酰基)酰亚胺阴离子的盐类在最高达400℃时都是稳定的,而四氟硼酸1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓仅仅到300℃是稳定的。
现有技术描述了其中氟配体被氰化物取代(E.Bernhardt,G.Henkel,H.Willner,Z.Anorg.Allg.Chem.626(2000)560;D.Williams,B.Pleune,J.Kouvetakis,M.D.Williams,R.A.Andersen,J.Amer.Chem.Soc.122(2000)7735;E.Bernhardt,M.Berkei,M.Schürmann,H.Willner,Z.Anorg.Allg.Chem.628(2002)1734)和三氟甲基配体取代(E.Bernhardt,G.Henkel,H.Willner,G.Pawelke,H.Bürger,Chem.Eur.J.7(2001)4696;G.Pawelke,H.Bürger,Goord.Chem.Rev.215(2001)243)的硼酸根阴离子。此处三氟甲基硼酸盐是由氰基硼酸盐合成的,但是氰基硼酸盐仅能困难地获得,且量很少。[B(CN)4]-的合成要耗费大量劳动,且仅可以以小的制备规模进行。此外,原材料价格昂贵。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供具有重要性能的可用作离子液体的新型稳定化合物,以及其制备方法。该目的尤其要提供一种具有硼酸根阴离子的盐,其与具有四氟硼酸根阴离子的盐相比具有更高的稳定性。
本发明的进一步的目标是提供该硼酸盐及其前体的一种有效且经济的制备方法。
按照本发明,由独立权利要求和从属权利要求的特征实现了该目标。
因此,本发明首先涉及通式(1)的碱金属氰基硼酸盐的制备方法:
M+[B(CN)4]- (1)
其中M选自Li、Na、K、Rb和Cs,
其中,容易获得的原料碱金属四氟硼酸盐M[BF4](M=Li、Na、K、Rb、Cs)和碱金属氰化物MCN(M=Li、Na、K、Rb、Cs)在固态反应中相互反应。
本发明所用的碱金属四氟硼酸盐优选为四氟硼酸钾K[BF4]或四氟硼酸钠Na[BF4],本发明所用的碱金属氰化物优选为氰化钾KCN和氰化钠NaCN。
在本发明方法的优选方案中,碱金属四氟硼酸盐在卤化锂存在的情况下与碱金属氰化物反应。此处卤化锂选自LiCl、LiBr和LiI,特别优选氯化锂LiCl。
在各种情况下,碱金属氰化物和卤化锂这两种反应物中的一种可以过量使用。但是,优选以大约为1∶1的摩尔比将碱金属氰化物和卤化锂引入到反应中。
优选以1∶4到1∶12的摩尔比、尤其优选以大约1∶9的摩尔比使用碱金属四氟硼酸盐和碱金属氰化物。
因此,尤其优选使用1∶9∶9的碱金属四氟硼酸盐∶碱金属氰化物∶卤化锂的摩尔比。
用于本发明的反应的原料尤其优选以四氟硼酸钾K[BF4]作为碱金属四氟硼酸盐,并以氰化钾KCN作为碱金属氰化物。
在100℃到500℃之间的温度下进行本发明的固态反应。250到400℃的温度是优选的,尤其优选为280-340℃。
参照常规实施例解释本发明的固态反应的主要内容,但这不是对普遍性作出限制:以1∶9∶9的摩尔比混合K[BF4]、KCN和LiCl,随后使它们在熔融态进行反应。以下述方式选择反应温度:一方面,KCN/LiCl混合物形成了在270-290℃之间熔融的共晶,另一方面,生成的四氰基硼酸盐仅仅缓慢分解(<400-500℃)。对KCN与LiCl(摩尔比1∶1)的冷却熔体的粉末衍射图进行评价,可检测到K(Cl,CN)型混晶(a=6.34,F m3m)和其它未确认的化合物(d=4.958、2.878、2.728、2.482、2.175)。K[B(CN)4]的收率在280-340℃的范围内实际上是与温度无关的,基于K[BF4],约为40-60%。在进一步的实验中发现,当K[BF4]对KCN/LiCl的摩尔比从1∶9降低到1∶4.5时导致收率降低。反应混合物的拉曼光谱显示,四氰基硼酸盐在反应后为锂盐的形式(v(CN)=2263cm-1)。
在使用NaCN/LiCl混合物的类似反应中,除少量LiCN(d=5.216、3.626m.p.160℃)之外,在NaCN与LiCl(摩尔比1∶1)的熔体中形成了(Li,Na)(Cl,CN)型混晶(a=5.50Fm3m)。与KCN/LiCl不同,在NaCN与LiCl之间形成了共晶(120-140℃),但是混晶仅在360-540℃熔融;这可能是Na[B(CN)4]产率较低(大约25%)的原因。
在反应产物处理的过程中,必须首先破坏过量的氰化物。已发现用30%的过氧化氢水溶液氧化氰化物是最佳的处理方法。低盐分负荷、反应混合物中残留氰化物的完全快速分解以及良好的产率,比仅有的缺点——氰化物的反应常常剧烈且难以控制更为重要。随后从水溶液中萃取四氰基硼酸盐,并通过再萃取转化为K或Na盐。
另一种用于处理固态反应产物的方法是用NaOCl水溶液氧化未反应的氰化物,该反应在非常温和的条件下(即反应混合物无需加热或鼓泡)进行几分钟。随即进行类似于采用H2O2的处理。但是,由于盐分负荷较高,该进一步处理需要消耗更多劳动和时间。
本发明进一步涉及一种用于制备通式(2)的碱金属氰基硼酸盐的方法
M+[BFn(CN)4-n]- (2)
其中n=0、1、2或3,且
M选自Li、Na、K、Rb和Cs,
其中碱金属氰化物MCN(M=Li、Na、K、Rb、Cs)与乙醚合三氟化硼BF3·OEt2反应。
使用粗颗粒的氰化钾KCN和BF3·OEt2时,在本发明的反应中,除了主要的加合物K[BF3(CN)]之外,还按照下列化学式生成等摩尔量的K[BF4]和K[BF2(CN)2]:
BF2(CN)·OEt2+KCN→K[BF2(CN)2]+Et2O
此外,还生成了少量的两种盐K[BF(CN)3]和K[B(CN)4],如果反应混合物保持在高于室温的温度下,尤其生成前者。
按照本发明,乙醚合三氟化硼在非质子传递溶剂存在的情况下与碱金属氰化物反应。疏质子溶剂可以是例如乙腈、二乙醚、四氢呋喃和/或二甲氧基乙烷,但这不是对普遍性作出限制。
用于本发明方法的碱金属氰化物优选为氰化钾KCN。
原料优选在-80到100℃的温度下、尤其优选在室温下按照本发明进行反应。
在反应过程中会生成可在降低的压力下除去的挥发性副产物。但是通常副产物在所用溶剂中是不可溶的,并通过过滤分离。如果需要,可在降低的压力下将溶剂与挥发性副产物一起除去,而且如果需要,可以通过本领域技术人员已知的按常理可能实现的技术将制得的碱金属氰基硼酸盐分离并纯化。
本发明的第三和第四主题是用于制备通式(3)的具有氰基硼酸根阴离子的盐的方法和相应的通式(3)的盐。
Kt+[BFn(CN)4-n]- (3)
其中n=0、1、2或3,Kt+是有机阳离子,条件是当n=0时阳离子Kt+不是[N(C4H9)4]+。
为了制备该盐,使通式M+[B(CN)4]-的碱金属氰基硼酸盐(其中M选自Li、Na、K、Rb和Cs)或通式M+[BFn(CN)4-n]-的碱金属氰基硼酸盐(其中n=0、1、2或3,且M选自Li、Na、K、Rb和Cs)与Kt+X-应,这里X是选自Cl、Br和I的卤素,Kt+是有机阳离子,条件是当n=0时阳离子Kt+不是[N(C4H9)4]+。
有机阳离子Kt+优选选自以下基团:
其中R=H,条件是至少一个杂原子上的R不为H,
具有1-20个碳原子的直链或支链烷基,
具有2-20个碳原子和一个或多个双键的直链或支链烯基,
具有2-20个碳原子和一个或多个三键的直链或支链炔基,
具有3-7个碳原子的饱和的、部分或完全不饱和的环烷基,
卤素,尤其是氟或氯,条件是不存在卤素-杂原子键,
-NO2,条件是不存在与带正电的杂原子相连的键,且至少一个R不是NO2,
-CN,条件是不存在与带正电的杂原子相连的键,且至少一个R不是CN,
其中R在各种情况下可相同或不同,
其中R可以通过单键或双键彼此键合成对,
其中一个或多个R可以部分或完全被卤素、尤其是-F和/或
-Cl取代,或部分被-CN或-NO2取代,条件是并非所有R全部被卤化,
且其中R的一个或两个碳原子可以被杂原子和/或选自-O-、-C(O)-、C(O)O-、-S-、-S(O)-、-SO2-、-S(O)2O-、-N=、-P=、-NR’-、-PR’-、-P(O)(OR’)-、-P(O)(OR’)O-、-P(O)(NR’R’)-、-P(O)(NR’R’)O-、-P(O)(NR’R’)NR’-、-S(O)NR’-和-S(O)2NR’-的原子团取代,其中R’=H,未氟化、部分氟化或全氟化的C1-到C6-烷基,或未氟化、部分氟化或全氟化苯基。
对于本发明而言,完全不饱和的取代基也指芳香族取代基。
除卤素外,本发明的有机阳离子的适宜的取代基R为:C1到C20、尤其是C1到C12烷基,C2到C20、尤其是C2到C12烯基或炔基,饱和的或不饱和的(即也包括芳族的)C3到C7环烷基,NO2、CN或卤素。但是,这里对卤素的限制因素是它们仅仅作为碳原子上、而不是杂原子上的取代基出现。NO2和CN不作为带正电的杂原子的取代基出现;而且不是所有取代基同时为NO2或CN。
取代基R也可以以形成环状、双环或多环阳离子的方式成对键合。取代基可以部分或完全被卤原子取代,尤其是被F和/或Cl取代,或部分被CN或NO2取代,且含有一个或两个选自O、(O)、C(O)O、S、S(O)、SO2、SO2O、N、P、NH、PH、NR’、PR’、P(O)(OR’)、P(O)(OR’)O、P(O)(NR’R’)、P(O)(NR’R’)O、P(O)(NR’R’)NR’、S(O)NR’和S(O)2NR’的杂原子或原子团。但在完全卤化的情况下,并非所有存在的取代基R均被完全卤化,即至少一个R没有被全卤化。
不是对普遍性作出限制,根据本发明,有机阳离子的取代基的例子有:-F、-Cl、-Br、-I、-CH3、-C2H5、-C3H7、-CH(CH3)2、-C4H9、-C(CH3)3、-C5H11、-C6H13、-C6H13、-C7H15、-C8H17、-C9H19、-C10H21、-C12H25、-C20H41、-OCH3、-OCH(CH3)2、-CH2OCH3、-C2H4OCH(CH3)2、-SCH3、-SCH(CH3)2、-C2H4SC2H5、-C2H4SCH(CH3)2、-S(O)CH3、-SO2CH3、-SO2C2H5、-SO2C3H7、-SO2CH(CH3)2、-CH2SO2CH3、-OSO2CH3、-OSO2CF3、-CH2N(H)C2H5、-C2H4N(H)C2H5、-CH2N(CH3)CH3、-C2H4N(CH3)CH3、-N(CH3)2、-N(CH3)C3H5、-N(CH3)CF3、O-C4H8-O-C4H9、-S-C2H4-N(C4H9)2、-OCF3、-S(O)CF3、-SO2CF3、-CF3、-C2F5、-C3F7、-C4F9、-C(CF3)3、-CF2SO2CF3、-C2F4N(C2F5)C2F5、-CF=CF2、-C(CF3)=CFCF3、-CF2CF=CFCF3、-CF=CFN(CF3)CF3、-CFH2、-CHF2、-CH2CF3、-C2F2H3、-C3FH6、-CH2C3F7、-C(CFH2)3、-CHO、-C(O)OH、-CH2C(O)OH、-CH2C(O)CH3、-CH2C(O)C2H5、-CH2C(O)OCH3、-CH2C(O)OC2H5、-C(O)CH3、-C(O)OCH3、
不是对普遍性作出限制,下列有机阳离子尤其优选用作本发明的盐:
本发明的盐宜非常容易溶于有机溶剂。与已知的液体盐相比,本发明的盐令人惊讶地具有低粘度。本发明的盐宜为稳定的。其可以在室温下分离和储存。此外,本发明的盐相对易于制备,且需要易于获得的原料。
所有本发明的化合物和式[N(C4H9)4]+[B(CN)4]-的化合物具有类似盐的性质、相对低的熔点(通常低于100℃),并能够用作离子液体。
本发明的盐和式[N(C4H9)4]+[B(CN)4]-的盐可以用作许多合成或催化反应的溶剂,例如,弗瑞德-克来福特酰化和烷基化反应、第尔斯-阿尔德环加成反应、氢化和氧化反应、Heck反应。此外,例如,可以合成用于二次电池和原电池的氟化溶剂。
本发明的盐和式[N(C4H9)4]+[B(CN)4]-的盐适于用作制备液晶化合物和活性成分、尤其是用于制备药物及植物保护剂的活性成分的前体。
还可以将本发明的化合物和式[N(C4H9)4]+[B(CN)4]-的盐用作非水电解质,任选地与本领域技术人员已知的其它电解质结合使用。
此外,本发明的盐和式[N(C4H9)4]+[B(CN)4]-的盐可以在适当的反应中用作非水、极性物质,作为相转移催化剂或作为使均相催化剂多相化的介质。
本文提到的所有申请、专利和出版物的完全公开的内容经此引用并入本文。
甚至无需进一步的解释,本领域的技术人员也能够在最宽广的范围内利用上面的说明。因此,优选的具体实施方案和实施例应当仅仅被看作是描述性的公开,而绝对不是限制性的。
在带有5mm 1H/BB宽带机头(带有氘锁)的Bruker Avance DRX-300光谱仪中,在20℃下测量氘化溶剂中的溶液的NMR图谱。各种核的测量频率为:1H:300.13MHz、11B:96.92MHz、13C:75.47MHz、19F:282.41MHz和15N:30.41MHz。对各图谱或各套数据单独说明参比方法。
在Netzsch DSC 204仪器中进行DSC测量。用萘、苯甲酸、KNO3、AgNO3、LiNO3和CsCl校正温度和灵敏度。在所有情况下,称出5-20毫克物质,放入铝坩埚中,用带有小孔的铝盖密封。在25到500℃的温度范围内进行实验。除非另有说明,升温速率为10Kmin-1。在测量过程中,用干燥氮气冲洗采样空间。在干燥箱中制备对空气敏感的物质的样品,并在充满氩气的小瓶中转移至分析仪器。采用Netzsch Protens 4.0程序进行数据分析。
采用来自HEKA-Tech GmbH的EURO EA3000通过微量分析燃烧法进行元素分析。在干燥箱中制备对空气敏感的物质的样品,并在充满氩气的小瓶中转移至分析仪器。对于记录的原子的误差限度为:C:±0.3%、H:±0.1%、N:±0.2%。
具体实施方式
实施例1:合成K[B(CN)4]
在干燥箱中(Mbraun,Munich)将KCN、LiCl和K[BF4]在研钵中粗磨并彼此混合。用可以购得的咖啡磨精细研磨混合物。随后将反应混合物转移到镍坩埚(d壁=2毫米,h=85毫米)中。用铁盖宽松地覆盖坩锅,从干燥箱转移到马弗炉中(VMK93,Kontron Material undStructuranalyse GmbH)并加热。当反应完成时,从仍然热的马弗炉中移出带有金属盖的坩锅,在空气中冷却至室温。
将冷却的灰色/黑色多孔反应混合物从坩锅中转移到研钵中,并粗研碎。随后在3升烧杯中将150毫升水加入研细的固体中,用半小时的时间以每份大约30毫升加入总共350毫升的H2O2(30%水溶液,约3摩尔),并不停地搅拌。反应放热地进行,且剧烈地放出气体,通过加入冰加以控制。将反应混合物(V=2.3升)分入两个3升的烧杯中,并用浓盐酸(大约300毫升,约3.6摩尔)酸化(pH5-7),直到不再有气体逸出。随后检查混合物中是否还存在氰化物残留物(氰化物测试,Merck KGaA,Darmstadt,Germany)。然后过滤混合物,在搅拌下将28毫升浓盐酸(0.34摩尔)加入黄色溶液中。然后加入47克(63毫升,0.33摩尔)的三丙胺。搅拌反应混合物15分钟,用二氯甲烷萃取(250,150和50毫升)。用200毫升水洗涤合并的有机相,用25毫升二氯甲烷再萃取洗液。经MgSO4将合并的二氯甲烷相干燥,并经过玻璃料(D4)过滤。将35克(0.63摩尔)KOH溶解在少量水中,并在强烈搅拌下加入有机溶液中。米黄色油状物质立即沉淀出来,并在进一步搅拌(30分钟)后在容器底部成块。倾析出二氯甲烷/三丙胺混合物,并用THF(200,100和50毫升)从残余物中萃取产物。用K2CO3干燥收集的THF相,最后在旋转蒸发仪中除去所有挥发性组分。用二氯甲烷洗涤白色产物,并在减压下于室温干燥。
表1.合成K[B(CN)4]
[a]用H2O2氧化未反应的CN-。
[b]用NaOCl氧化未反应的CN-。
13C{1H}-NMR:δ=123.3ppm(q,4C,CN),1Δ13C(10/11B)=0.0021ppm,1J(11B,13C)=70.9Hz;11B-NMR:δ=-38.6ppm,1J(11B,13C)=71.2Hz;溶剂:CD3CN参考物:13C-NMR溶剂峰(对比TMS)和11B-NMRBF3·Et2O/CD3CN作为外标物。
NMR数据与现有技术中的数据相同(E.Bernhardt,G.Henkel,H.Willner,Z.Anorg.Allg.Chem.626(2000)560)。
元素分析结果:
C[%] | H[%] | N[%] | |
理论值 | 31.20 | - | 36.39 |
检测值 | 31.35 | - | 35.97 |
根据DSC测量,该盐在高于450℃时分解。
实施例2:合成Na[B(CN)4]
称出170.3克(2.62摩尔)KCN、116.1克(2.74摩尔)LiCl和37.2克(0.30摩尔)K[BF4],在研钵中粗略研磨并彼此混合。进一步的步骤与实施例1中所述一致(反应温度300℃,反应时间1.5小时),直到获得二氯甲烷萃取液。
将2当量NaOH(大约25克,0.63摩尔)溶解在尽可能少的水中(大约10-20毫升),并在剧烈搅拌下逐滴加入有机溶液中。米黄色油状物质立刻沉淀出来,并在进一步搅拌(至少30分钟)后在容器底部成块。倾析出二氯甲烷/三丙胺混合物,并用THF(200毫升,100毫升和50毫升)从残余物中萃取产物。如果米黄色残余物因萃取变成液体,可以通过小心加入Na2CO3或Na2SO4恢复其粘稠度。
用Na2CO3或Na2SO4干燥收集的THF相,并最终在旋转蒸发仪中去除所有挥发性组分。用二氯甲烷洗涤白色产物以去除胺类残余物,并在减压下于60℃干燥。产量为25.3克(62%,0.18摩尔)。
13C{1H}-NMR:δ=123.3ppm(q,4C,CN),1Δ13C(10/11B)=0.0021ppm,1J(11B,13C)=70.9Hz;11B-NMR:δ=-38.6ppm,1J(11B,13C)=71.2Hz;溶剂:CD3CN参考物:13C-NMR溶剂峰(对比TMS)和11B-NMRBF3·Et2O/CD3CN作为外标物。
NMR数据与现有技术中的数据相同(E.Bernhardt,G.Henkel,H.Willner,Z.Anorg.Allg.Chem.626(2000)560)。
元素分析结果:
C[%] | H[%] | N[%] | |
理论值 | 34.85 | - | 40.64 |
检测值 | 34.60 | - | 40.15 |
实施例3:四氰基硼酸锂,Li[B(CN)4]
将5克(32毫摩尔)K[B(CN)4]溶解在20毫升水中,并与8毫升37%的盐酸(96毫摩尔)和8毫升nPr3N(42毫摩尔)反应。然后用CH2Cl2萃取混合物两次,每次50毫升,用MgSO4干燥有机相,加入3克LiOH·H2O(72毫摩尔)在20毫升水中的溶液,混合物剧烈搅拌一小时。在减压下除去所有挥发性产物。在索格利特抽提器中用50毫升CH3CN从残余物中萃取Li[B(CN)4]。在旋转蒸发仪中蒸发有机相。粗产物从水中重结晶,用50毫升CH2Cl2洗涤,并在减压下除去残留的溶剂。产量为3.5克(80%,29毫摩尔)。
根据DSC测量,该盐在高于470℃时分解。
实施例4:四氰基硼酸铵,NH4[B(CN)4]
将0.31克(2.0毫摩尔)K[B(CN)4]溶解在8毫升水中,并与0.20克(1.1毫摩尔)的(NH4)2[SiF6]在8毫升水中的溶液反应。在减压下去除所有挥发性组分。用10毫升CH3CN从残余物中萃取NH4[B(CN)4]。在旋转蒸发仪中蒸发有机相。粗产物用10毫升CH2Cl2洗涤,并在减压下干燥。产量为0.25克(93%,1.9毫摩尔)。
根据DSC测量,该盐在高于300℃时分解。
实施例5:四氰基硼酸三苯甲基酯,[Ph3C][B(CN)4]
在带有PTFE阀的250毫升玻璃烧瓶(Young,London)中,使500毫克(2.3毫摩尔)Ag[B(CN)4]与无水乙腈中的726毫克(2.3毫摩尔)(C6H5)3CBr进行反应。4小时后在减压下去除乙腈,随后加入100毫升二氯甲烷。用Schlenk烧瓶中覆盖的玻璃料过滤悬浮液。用二氯甲烷冲洗反应烧瓶两次(20毫升和10毫升)。溶液在减压下蒸发至10毫升,加入70毫升无水己烷后,沉淀出橙色固体。经Schlenk玻璃料将其过滤,并再用10毫升己烷冲洗。橙色[Ph3C][B(CN)4]在减压下干燥,并储存在干燥箱中。产量为408毫克(51%,1.3毫摩尔)。
1H-NMR:δ=7.73ppm(m,6H,o-H),δ=7.94ppm(m,6H,m-H),δ=8.31ppm(tt,3H,p-H);13C{1H}-NMR:δ=122.7ppm(q,4C,CN),1J(11B,13C)=71.5Hz,δ=131.0ppm(s,6C,m-C),δ=140.2ppm(s,3C,i-C),δ=143.0ppm(s,6C,o-C),δ=143.8ppm(s,3C,p-C),δ=211.2ppm(s,1C,C+);11B-NMR:δ=-38.6ppm,1J(11B,13C)=71.3Hz;溶剂:CDCl3参考物:1H-和13C-NMR溶剂信号(对比TMS)和11B-NMR BF3·Et2O/CD3CN作为外标物。
元素分析结果[Ph3C][B(CN)4]:
C[%] | H[%] | N[%] | |
理论值 | 77.12 | 4.22 | 15.64 |
检测值 | 77.19 | 4.21 | 15.50 |
[Ph3C][B(CN)4]在150℃下熔融,同时分解。
实施例6:[HNPhMe2][B(CN)4]
将1.50克(9.7毫摩尔)K[B(CN)4]溶解在50毫升水中。随即在搅拌下向溶液中首先加入3毫升(36毫摩尔)浓盐酸溶液,随后加入1.23毫升(9.7毫摩尔)的N,N-二甲苯胺,于是沉淀出白色固体。用二氯甲烷萃取溶液两次(100毫升和30毫升),用MgSO4干燥有机相,在减压下去除二氯甲烷,制得白色的[HNPhMe2][B(CN)4],通过用戊烷洗涤将其纯化。产量为2.12克(92%,8.9毫摩尔)。
1H-NMR:δ=3.23ppm(s,6H,CH3),1Δ1H(12/13C)=-0.0023,1J(1H,13C)=145.48Hz,δ=7.64-7.58ppm(m,5H,C6H5);13C{1H}-NMR:δ=47.8ppm(s,2C,CH3),δ=121.5ppm(s,2C,C6H5),δ=123.2ppm(s,4C,CN),1J(11B,13C)=71.3Hz,1Δ13C(10/11B)=-0.0020ppm,δ=131.5ppm(s,2C,C6H5),δ=131.6ppm(s,1C,C6H5),δ=143.1ppm(s,1C,C6H5);11B-NMR:δ=-38.6ppm,1J(11B,13C)=71.3Hz;15N-NMR:δ=-103.2ppm(q,4N,CN),1J(11B,15N)=0.73Hz;溶剂:CD3CN;参比物质:1H-和13C-NMR溶剂信号(对比TMS),11B-NMR BF3·Et2O/CD3CN作为外标,15N-NMR CD3CN中CH3NO2的80%作为外标。
[HNPhMe2][B(CN)4]的元素分析结果:
C[%] | H[%] | N[%] | |
理论值 | 60.80 | 5.10 | 29.54 |
检测值 | 60.60 | 4.65 | 28.50 |
[HNPhMe2][B(CN)4]在101℃熔融,并在高于246℃时放热分解。
实施例7:四氰基硼酸四乙基铵,[Et4N][B(CN)4]
将7克(46毫摩尔)K[B(CN)4]溶解在300毫升水中,并将8.4克(46毫摩尔)[Et4N]Cl·H2O溶解在130毫升水中。将两种溶液混合,由此沉淀出白色固体。搅拌30分钟后,加入250毫升二氯甲烷,沉淀的物质溶解在其中。将两相分离,在MgSO4上干燥有机相。在旋转蒸发仪中去除二氯甲烷,用戊烷洗涤白色固体多次,随后在减压下干燥。产量为10.5克(96%,43毫摩尔)。
1H-NMR:δ=1.22ppm(tt,12H,CH3),1Δ1H(12/13C)=-0.0019ppm,1J(1H,13C)=128.78Hz,3J(1H,1H)=7.27Hz;δ=3.13ppm(q,8H,CH2);1Δ1H(12/13C)=0.0034ppm,1J(1H,13C)=144.30Hz,2J(1H,14N)=1.89Hz,3J(1H,1H)=7.28Hz;13C{1H}-NMR:δ=7.8ppm(s,4C,CH3);δ=53.2ppm(t,4C,CH2),1J(13C,15N)=3.1Hz;δ=123.3ppm(q,4C,CN),1Δ13C(10/11B)=0.0021ppm,1J(11B,13C)=70.9Hz;11B-NMR:δ=-38.6ppm,1J(11B,13C)=71.2Hz;溶剂:CD3CN参考物:1H和13C-NMR溶剂峰(对比TMS)和11B-NMR BF3·Et2O/CD3CN作为外标物。
[Et4N][B(CN)4]的元素分析结果:
C[%] | H[%] | N[%] | |
理论值 | 58.8 | 8.22 | 28.57 |
检测值 | 58.5 | 8.18 | 28.22 |
[Et4N][B(CN)4]在230℃熔融。进一步的可逆相转化发生在145℃。该盐在高于360℃时分解。
实施例8:四氰基硼酸1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑鎓[C8H15N2][B(CN)4]
将0.35克(2.3毫摩尔)K[B(CN)4]溶解在20毫升水中。在搅拌下将20毫升水中的0.53克(3.0毫摩尔)[C8H15N2]Cl加入。用二氯甲烷萃取溶液两次(30毫升和20毫升),用水(20毫升)洗涤有机相,并用MgSO4干燥,随即在减压下去除二氯甲烷。产量为0.50克(87%,2.0毫摩尔)。
[C8H15N2][B(CN)4]的元素分析结果:
C[%] | H[%] | N[%] | |
理论值 | 56.70 | 5.95 | 33.07 |
检测值 | 56.24 | 6.13 | 32.99 |
[C8H15N2][B(CN)4]在低于-50℃的温度下熔融,在高于410℃时吸热分解。
实施例9:四氰基硼酸1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓[C6H11N2][B(CN)4]类似于[C8H15N2][B(CN)4]以相同产量制备[C6H11N2][B(CN)4]。
[C6H11N2][B(CN)4]的元素分析结果:
C[%] | H[%] | N[%] | |
理论值 | 53.13 | 4.90 | 37.18 |
检测值 | 52.79 | 4.97 | 37.12 |
[C6H11N2][B(CN)4]在低于-50℃的温度下熔融,在高于420℃时吸热分解。
实施例10:四氰基硼酸对甲基丁基吡啶鎓[C10H16N][B(CN)4]类似于[C8H15N2][B(CN)4]以相同产量制备[C10H16N][B(CN)4]。
[C10H16N][B(CN)4]的元素分析结果:
C[%] | H[%] | N[%] | |
理论值 | 63.42 | 6.08 | 26.42 |
检测值 | 62.81 | 6.13 | 26.70 |
[C10H16N][B(CN)4]在-25℃凝固,在42℃熔融,并在高于390℃时吸热分解。
实施例11:制备K[BF2(CN)2]
方案A:在带有PTFE阀的50毫升烧瓶中,将5.88克(41毫摩尔)BF3·Oet2和30毫升CH3CN冷凝到4.12克(63毫摩尔)KCN上。在室温下搅拌反应混合物3小时,随后在减压下去除所有挥发性组分,将残余物溶解在大约50毫升CH3CN中,并通过过滤除去KCH和K[BF4]。在减压去除乙腈后,制得2.66克(19毫摩尔)K[BF2(CN)2](11B-NMR和19F-NMR:93%的[BF2(CN)2]-,0.3%的[BF3(CN)]-和大约7%的未知物质)。收率:92%。通过从水中重结晶制得纯净无色的K[BF2(CN)2]。分离后的产量:2.08克(72%,15毫摩尔)。
方案B:先将65克(1.0摩尔)KCN和200毫升CH3CH加入带有滴液漏斗的500毫升圆底烧瓶中。在室温下,用半小时逐滴加入50毫升(56克,0.4摩尔)的BF3·OEt2,同时搅拌。在加料过程中,温度升高至50℃。在室温下进一步搅拌(1.5小时)后,滤去溶液,用大约300毫升CH3CN洗涤滤饼残留物(KCN和K[BF4])。在旋转蒸发仪中蒸发合并的乙腈相,制得20克不纯的K[BF2(CN)2]粗产品。使粗产品与30毫升浓盐酸和在200毫升水中的35毫升(25克,170毫摩尔)三丙胺反应,并用200毫升二氯甲烷萃取为三丙基铵盐。用MgSO4干燥二氯甲烷相,并在强烈搅拌下与25克溶解在尽可能少的水中的KOH反应。将粘稠的水相分离,并用二氯甲烷洗涤。用大约300毫升CH3CN从残余物中萃取产品,并用K2CO3干燥溶液,并在旋转蒸发仪中蒸发。用二氯甲烷洗涤白色产品,在减压下干燥。产量:17克(60%,120毫摩尔)。根据11B-NMR,该物质含有98%的[BF2(CN)2]-。
实施例12:三氰基氟硼酸1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓[C6H11N2][BF(CN)3]类似于[C8H15N2][B(CN)4]以相同产量制备[C6H11N2][BF(CN)3]。
[C6H11N2][BF(CN)3]的元素分析结果:
C[%] | H[%] | N[%] | |
理论值 | 49.35 | 5.06 | 31.98 |
检测值 | 48.52 | 4.84 | 31.20 |
[C6H11N2][BF(CN)3]在室温下为液态。
实施例13:三氰基氟硼酸1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑鎓[C8H15N2][BF(CN)3]类似于[C8H15N2][B(CN)4]以相同产量制备[C8H15N2][BF(CN)3]。
[C8H15N2][BF(CN)3]的元素分析结果:
C[%] | H[%] | N[%] | |
理论值 | 53.47 | 6.12 | 28.34 |
检测值 | 54.06 | 6.09 | 28.68 |
[C8H15N2][BF(CN)3]在低于-50℃的温度下熔融,并在高于300℃时放热分解。
实施例14:三氰基氟硼酸对甲基丁基吡啶鎓[C10H16N][BF(CN)3]类似于[C8H15N2][B(CN)4]以相同产量制备[C10H16N][BF(CN)3]。
[C10H16N][BF(CN)3]的元素分析结果:
C[%] | H[%] | N[%] | |
理论值 | 60.50 | 6.25 | 21.71 |
检测值 | 61.13 | 5.51 | 22.35 |
[C10H16N][BF(CN)3]在低于-50℃的温度下熔融,并在高于260℃时放热分解。
实施例15:二氰基二氟硼酸1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓[C6H11N2][BF2(CN)2]类似于[C8H15N2][B(CN)4]以相同产量制备[C6H11N2][BF2(CN)2]。
[C6H11N2][BF2(CN)2]的元素分析结果:
C[%] | H[%] | N[%] | |
理论值 | 45.32 | 5.23 | 26.43 |
检测值 | 45.14 | 5.14 | 26.28 |
[C6H11N2][BF2(CN)2]在低于-50℃的温度下熔融,并在高于200℃时放热分解。
实施例16:二氰基二氟硼酸1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑鎓[C8H15N2][BF2(CN)2]类似于[C8H15N2][B(CN)4]以相同产量制备[C8H15N2][BF2(CN)2]。
[C8H15N2][BF2(CN)2]的元素分析结果:
C[%] | H[%] | N[%] | |
理论值 | 50.03 | 6.30 | 23.34 |
检测值 | 50.20 | 6.31 | 23.42 |
[C8H15N2][BF2(CN)2]在低于-50℃的温度下熔融,并在高于210℃时放热分解。
实施例17:二氰基二氟硼酸对甲基丁基吡啶鎓[C10H16N][BF2(CN)2]类似于[C8H15N2][B(CN)4]以相同产量制备[C10H16N][BF2(CN)2]。
[C10H16N][BF2(CN)2]的元素分析结果:
C[%] | H[%] | N[%] | |
理论值 | 57.40 | 6.42 | 16.74 |
检测值 | 57.70 | 6.20 | 16.95 |
[C10H16N][BF2(CN)2]在低于-50℃的温度下熔融,并在高于190℃时放热分解。
Claims (7)
1.制备通式(1)的碱金属氰基硼酸盐的方法:
M+[B(CN)4]-(1)
其中M选自Li、Na、K、Rb和Cs,
其特征在于碱金属四氟硼酸盐M[BF4],其中M=Li、Na、K、Rb、Cs,与碱金属氰化物MCN,其中M=Li、Na、K、Rb、Cs,在固态反应中进行反应,其中所述碱金属四氟硼酸盐与所述碱金属氰化物的反应在选自LiCl、LiBr和LiI的卤化锂的存在下、在100至500℃之间的温度下进行。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于所述碱金属四氟硼酸盐为K[BF4]或Na[BF4],并且所述碱金属氰化物为KCN或NaCN。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于碱金属四氟硼酸盐在LiCl的存在下与碱金属氰化物反应。
4.如权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于所述碱金属氰化物和所述卤化锂以1∶1的摩尔比使用。
5.如权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于所述碱金属四氟硼酸盐和所述碱金属氰化物以1∶4到1∶12的摩尔比使用。
6.如权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于使用的碱金属四氟硼酸盐为K[BF4],使用的碱金属氰化物为KCN。
7.如权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于反应在250至400℃的温度下进行。
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