CN100556684C - 将颜料涂敷到表面上的制品及方法 - Google Patents
将颜料涂敷到表面上的制品及方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
用于将颜料涂敷到表面上的制品,其包括一个干颜料组分片和在干颜料组分片上的粘合剂。在一种实施方案中,制品无可分离衬料和载体片。在另一种实施方案中,干颜料组分片和粘合剂的组合厚度为约3密耳(0.08mm)或更薄。用于在建筑表面上提供基本永久的颜料效果的方法包括将干颜料组分涂敷到建筑表面上。
Description
发明领域
本发明针对在一个表面上例如建筑表面上涂敷颜料的制品和方法,其中应用了一个干颜料组分并且可以避免使用湿工具例如刷子、喷涂器和辊子、污染防护物、颜料组分清洗材料和颜料组分的液体挥发性有机成分。
发明背景
出于美观效果和/或实用效果例如防水的原因,常常希望将一种或多种颜料涂敷到一个表面上,例如象内壁或外壁之类的建筑表面。颜料典型地通过常规的用水基或油基的湿油漆涂敷、粘贴壁纸等来提供。涉及到湿涂漆和墙纸粘贴的费力的方法已为人所熟知。典型地,在此类作业期间必需通过在不希望有颜料的相邻表面贴上胶带、布置防溅布来保护地板和家具等方法保护周围的区域免受附带污染。也必须特别地小心来避免油漆、壁纸糊剂或底漆、或其它的湿涂材料的滴落。也推荐了很多湿油漆和壁纸产品和一种或多种底漆或基料一起使用,以增强所需颜料的覆盖力和/或耐久性,从而增加了在这样一种表面上产生所需颜料效果的时间和人工。另外,典型地,必须将刷子、辊子或其它的涂料器浸透油漆、底漆、糊剂等以便将该材料涂敷到一个表面上。因此,浪费了大量的材料,因为这些浪费的材料从未到达要涂敷的表面,而是残留在涂料器上。一旦完成了涂漆或墙纸粘贴,清洗用于涂敷湿油漆和壁纸的刷子、喷涂器、辊子和其它工具,或至少将其悬挂一段时间例如一个整夜,也耗费时间。
适于涂敷到表面例如建筑表面上的很多油漆包括一种或多种挥发性有机化合物。这样的油漆在涂敷期间和涂敷后释放出有害的气体,因此需要在涂敷期间和涂敷之后通风,尤其是在封闭的环境如建筑物中。
因此,尽管用湿涂漆或墙纸粘贴将颜料涂敷到一个表面上可产生很明显的美观和/或实用效果,但进行所需的与这种方法有关的工作不仅不方便而且也耗费时间。
发明概述
因此,本发明的目的是提供将颜料涂敷到一个表面例如建筑表面上的制品和方法,其克服了一般的常规湿涂漆和/或糊裱壁纸方法具有的各种缺点。
在一方面,本发明针对将颜料涂敷到一个表面上的制品。在第一实施方案中,本发明针对一种将颜料涂敷到一个表面上的制品,该制品包括一个干颜料组分片和在该干颜料组分片的一个表面上的粘合剂,其中该制品无可分离衬料并且无载体片。在另一种实施方案中,本发明针对一种将颜料涂敷到一个表面上的制品,该制品包括一个干颜料组分片和在该干颜料组分片的一个表面上的粘合剂,其中该片和粘合剂的组合厚度为约3密耳(0.08mm)或更薄。
在另一种实施方案中,本发明针对将颜料涂敷到一个表面上的制品,其包括(a)一个干颜料组分片,其包括(i)在聚合物粘合剂中的颜料、染料或其组合,和(ii)一个外涂层,(b)在该干色料片表面上、与外涂层相对的粘合剂,和(c)一个可分离衬料。干颜料组分片被布置在可分离衬料和粘合剂之间,并且该可分离衬料在其紧贴干颜料组分的表面上具有隔离剂。干颜料组分片和粘合剂的组合厚度为约3密耳(0.08mm)或更薄。
在另一种实施方案中,本发明针对一种将颜料涂敷到一个表面上的制品,该制品包括一个干颜料组分片,其包括一个在该干颜料组分片的一个表面上的背衬层和在紧靠该背衬层的干颜料组分片的表面上的粘合剂,其中该片和粘合剂的组合厚度为约3密耳(0.08mm)或更薄。
在另一方面,本发明针对用于在一个表面例如一个建筑表面上提供一种基本永久的颜料效果的方法。在一种实施方案中,所述方法包括根据上述的实施方案之一将制品递送到一个建筑表面。在另一种实施方案中,该方法包括将包括干颜料组分的制品涂敷到一个表面上,其中在去除任何可分离衬料后,该制品涂敷部分的厚度为约3密耳(0.08mm)或更薄。
本发明的制品和方法的优点在于,无需使用湿工具例如刷子、喷涂器和辊子来递送制品或涂敷干颜料组分、污染防护物、或颜料组分清洗材料将颜料涂敷在一个表面上,并且干颜料组分是基本上无挥发性的有机组分。该制品和方法的其它优点在于,与典型的湿涂漆和/或墙纸粘贴产品和方法相比,可以一种费时少的方式将颜料涂敷到一个表面上。由以下详细说明,本发明这些以及其它目的和优点将变得更加显而易见。
参照以下附图可更充分地理解以下详述:
图1显示根据本发明将颜料涂敷到一个表面上的制品的一种实施方案的示意图;
图1A显示如图1所示的制品的示意图,该制品包括加强组分;
图1B显示图1所示的制品的示意图,其中干颜料组分片包括一个附加的保护性薄膜层;
图2显示根据本发明将颜料涂敷到一个表面上的制品的另一种实施方案的示意图;
图2A显示根据本发明将颜料涂敷到一个表面上的制品的另一种实施方案的示意图;
图3显示根据本发明将颜料涂敷到一个表面上的制品的另一种实施方案的示意图;和
图4显示根据本发明生产将颜料涂敷到一个表面上的制品的方法的示意图;
图中所描述的实施方案仅为说明性的,并不旨在限定本发明权利要求书所限定的本发明。此外,参照详细描述可更全面地理解图中和本发明的单独特性。
发明详述
本发明针对将颜料涂敷到一个表面上的制品和方法。本发明所用的术语“颜料”用来指一种颜色效果,即,在色彩感知方面的差异。在一种具体的实施方案中,颜料效果为基本永久的颜料效果,即,不能被去除或在偶然接触、轻柔洗涤等情况下不会显著减退的颜色效果。因此,基本永久的颜料效果有别于可容易地去除或减退的暂时颜料效果,例如由粉笔或蜡笔所产生的颜料效果。本发明所用的术语“颜料组分”是指产生颜料效果的本发明制品的组分。以下将更详细地描述示例的颜料组分。
本发明所用术语“表面”是指能够在其上安放颜料组分的物体或基片的任何外层或边界。合适的表面可以为大致二维的和平坦的或为大致三维的并包括弯曲处、角形部分等。在一种实施方案中,利用本发明的制品和方法涂敷颜料组分的表面包括建筑表面,即建筑物、房屋设施(即器具)、家具等的表面。建筑物表面可以是在建筑物内部的内表面或在建筑物外部的外表面。大致三维的建筑表面可包括例如二维表面象板条(例如,绕窗户或门道的板条)、地板、器具、家具等之类的边缘处理。建筑表面可被永久地安装也可被暂时地安装或者是便携式的。本发明的产品还能被涂敷到制品的表面上,使其具有与建筑表面相同或不同的纹理和/或外观。例如,这种产品可用来将颜料层涂敷到器具、家具和其它的建筑制品上。由现有的公开内容看来,对于本领域的技术人员来说,适于利用本发明的制品和方法涂敷颜料的其它表面将是显而易见的。
本发明所用的术语“湿”是指使用液体载体的制品或方法步骤。相反,本发明所用的术语“干”是指基本上无液体载体的制品或方法步骤,这有助于颜料组分的固定,即,在环境条件下颜料组分不沿着表面流动或移动。因此,干颜料组分基本上无液体载体或赋形剂,由此颜料组分实际上固定在其所包括的制品中。同样地,本发明提及的不用液体赋形剂或载体递送干颜料组分是指基本上无液体赋形剂或载体的干颜料组分,由此颜料组分实际上固定在其所包括的制品中。
因此,用于本发明的制品中的干颜料组分是基本上无挥发性的有机成分(VOC)和水。根据环境保护署的标准,建筑涂料包含的挥发性的有机组分少于250g/l为基本上不含此类组分。在本发明的选择的实施方案中,干颜料组分包含的挥发有机组分少于250g/l,更具体地讲,为约200g/l或更少,更具体地讲,约100g/l或更少,和甚至更具体地讲,约50g/l或更少。在其它的实施方案中,干颜料组分包含的挥发性有机组分为约25g/l或更少,和更具体地讲,为约20g/l或更少。在其它的实施方案中,干颜料组分包含的水同样少于250g/l,更具体地讲,为约200g/l或更少,和甚至更具体地讲,为约100g/l或更少。在更具体的实施方案中,干颜料组分包含的水为约50g/l或更少,和更具体地讲,为约25g/l或更少,更具体地讲,为约20g/l或更少的水。
如下文更详细地所讨论的那样,根据本发明将颜料涂敷到一个表面上的制品和方法具有许多优异的特性。例如,本发明的制品和方法适于在室温和相对较低的涂敷压力下进行颜料涂敷,由此普通的用户不需要使用太大的压力即可涂敷该制品。另外,其还可提供不同的表面效果。
可采用该制品和方法来遮盖一个多孔的表面,当将制品涂敷于一个表面时,其使空气能够逸出,因此避免在被遮盖的表面上出现气泡和起皱。在某些实施方案中,所提供的表面遮盖物是微孔的并因此使水分能够逸出,而不是在涂敷的制品和其所涂敷的表面之间积累。例如,用根据本发明的制品和方法提供的表面遮盖物的水蒸气传输速率(WVTR)在100%相对湿度和40℃条件下,在根据ASTM F1249-90测量时大于约1g-μm/cm2/24小时,更具体地讲,大于约4g-μm/cm2/24小时。在微观尺度或在宏观尺度上,所需要的水蒸气传输速率可通过使用其本身允许水蒸气传输的材料和/或通过在制品上产生细孔、穿孔、漏孔等来提供。下面将进一步描述由本发明的制品和方法所提供的这些和其它的优异特性。
图1显示根据本发明的制品的一种实施方案的示意图。根据图1,将颜料涂敷到一个表面上的制品10上包括一个干颜料组分片12和在干颜料组分片12的一个表面16上的粘合剂14。片12被显示成单层的干颜料组分。虽然图1的示意图显示片12和粘合剂14的相对厚度,但该图示说明的厚度不代表或限制图1的实施方案中或在余下的图中的任何实施方案中的各自组分的实际厚度。另外,虽然在组分间的界面被显示成一条明显的限定线,但组分间的实际界面可包括其它的、不同的构型。
本发明所用的术语“干颜料组分片”是用来指有助于对一个表面提供颜料效果的发明制品的那些部分,但不包括可分离衬料或如下所述不适于粘着、优选地基本永久性地粘着到一个表面上以产生颜料效果的制品的其它部分。因此,如以下所更详细地描述的那样,干颜料组分片不仅可包括如图1所示的干颜料组分层,而且还包括有助于颜料效果的一个或多个外涂层和/或一个或多个背衬层。
典型地,干颜料组分片的厚度将小于约0.003英寸(3密耳或0.08mm)。在一种实施方案中,干颜料组分片的厚度将为约0.0003英寸(0.3密耳)至约0.003英寸(约0.008mm至约0.08mm),更具体地讲,为约0.0003英寸至约0.0015英寸(约0.008mm至约0.04mm)。在另一种实施方案中,干颜料组分片的厚度将为约0.0007英寸(0.02mm)或更薄,和甚至更具体地讲,不超过约0.0005英寸(0.013mm)。
在其中制品包括干颜料组分片和粘合剂的实施方案中,在没有层例如衬料或载体的情况下,制品的厚度基本上将为干颜料组分片的厚度,因为粘合剂层通常相当薄,即厚度一般小于约1密耳(0.001英寸或0.03mm),更具体地讲,厚度为约0.5mil(0.0005英寸或0.013mm)。因此,在一种实施方案中,组合后的干颜料组分片和粘合剂的厚度为约0.003英寸(3密耳或0.08mm)更薄,更具体地讲,为约0.0003英寸至约0.003英寸(约0.008mm至约0.08mm),甚至更具体地讲,为约0.0003至约0.0015英寸(约0.008mm至约0.04mm),然而更具体地讲,为约0.0007英寸(0.013mm)或更薄。有利地是,相邻片的边缘可因此重叠而没有明显的重叠外观。在其中包括一个或多个可分离衬料的其它实施方案中,制品的厚度也将会增加。
在干颜料组分片中至少一个层中提供干颜料组分并且其可包括对于其所涂敷的表面提供不透明覆盖的任何成分。干颜料组分可包括如颜料或染料,以及其组合物和一种粘合剂。着色剂、油墨和油漆是可能包含与粘合剂结合的颜料和/或染料组分的实施例。干颜料组分的实施例包括与“湿”组分类似的油墨、着色剂、油漆和涂料,除它们的特点在于具有低含量的溶剂、液体载体和如上文所述的其它液体以外。粘合剂可为形成涂层、薄片或薄膜的聚合材料。很多种粘合剂材料已为本领域所熟知并可用于本发明中。例如,在授予Enlow等人的美国专利6,336,998中公开了合适的粘合剂材料。合适的粘合剂材料可包括下面所述的与用作外涂层相同的聚合材料。粘合剂材料的实施例也包括聚苯乙烯和聚丙烯酸酯/聚氯乙烯掺合物。干颜料组分片可如本发明所描述的那样,形成一个涂敷到另一个层的干颜料组分涂层,其旨在保持在待着色的表面上,或者,可供选择地,干颜料组分片可组成一个足够完整的干颜料组分层,以使其基本永久涂敷到待着色的表面上而其中不需要另一个层。
在一种实施方案中,干颜料组分包括以下成分的组合物:(i)干颜料和/或染料,和(ii)单独地或与附加组分结合的粘合剂。例如,在具体的实施方案中,干颜料组分包括:干油漆,干油漆中包含与附加的常规油漆组分如粘合剂结合的颜料,从中去除了液体载体;干油墨,干油墨中典型地包括单独地或与另外的常规油墨组分(包括遮光剂)结合的精细颜料或染料,从中去除了液体载体;干着色剂;干油墨或两种或多种这些组分的组合。干颜料组分片在具有光滑漆面或具有带纹理的漆面的情况下可包括一种单一的、固体的均匀颜料,或可包括两种或多种颜料组分和/或颜料组分层的规则或不规则的图案。根据需要,干颜料组分片可具有无光泽、蛋壳色、缎子般光泽、半光泽、光泽漆面。如果采用的话,可通过选择颜料组分和/或选择合适漆面的可分离衬料来产生特定的漆面。取决于所需的效果,可通过可分离衬料和/或通过粘合剂层在干颜料组分层内部增加纹理。本发明的制品尤其有利于使用一个单独涂敷步骤将人造漆面递送到一个表面上。人造漆面已为本领域所熟知,并且一般提供不均匀的装饰效果,其实施例包括但不限于大理石花纹、斑纹、点刻、条纹、压花等。在一种实施方案中,以不连续的或连续的、重复的或不重复的图案提供干颜料组分以在表面上产生镂花模板状的效果。
干颜料组分可显示具有如所期望的光泽特性。在本发明的一种实施方案中,根据需要,干颜料组分显示具有传统的建筑油漆的光泽特性,例如无光泽、蛋壳色、缎子般光泽、半光泽、光泽漆面。普通技术人员将会理解在此类漆面和如应用于汽车工业中的高光泽漆面间的差别。可用60°角光束的镜面反射率来测量光泽度。典型地,本发明的干颜料组分的镜面反射率在60°条件下小于约60光泽度单位。采用GM试验说明书TM-204-A中所描述的试验方法来测量镜面反射率。可使用Byk-Mallinckrodt的“多角度”或“单角度”光泽计来测量已加工表面的镜面光泽。那些光泽计给出相当于从ASTM方法D-523-57获得的那些值。任何一种光泽计和包含测量所期望的范围的光泽标准器及一片已知折射指数的抛光中性滤光片一起使用。通过设定光泽计以读取高度抛光的标准器的光泽,然后读取具有优选地在试验样板范围内的数值的工作标准器的光泽来校准光泽计。第二标准器应该与其指定值相差不到一个单位。在试验样板的不同区域采集至少两个读数。如果这些值相差不到一个单位,对它们进行平均。如果范围大于一个单位,在另外的区域采集并且计算平均值。所需的光泽特性可根据本领域已知的技术通过利用包含在干颜料组分片中的颗粒、外涂层、后处理、纹理化等来获得。
低光泽表面的另一个好处是减少在将来进行可望改变颜料和/或外观的表面处理之前,或在另外进行颜料处理整修该表面之前的表面准备需要。具体地讲,一般情况下,高光泽表面往往会对所给予的粗糙度有要求,以在对表面进行着色或施行其它处理时,确保结果良好。
在具体的实施方案中,干颜料组分片包括两个或多个层,其至少一个层包含颜料组分以提供所需的颜料效果。附加层可包括一个外涂层,例如包括一个透明的、半透明的、珠母般的或不透明的涂层,例如提供光泽、半光泽、缎子般光泽、蛋壳或无光泽的光辉或其它光学效果例如漫射、反射等或其它有益特性;一个用来提供强度和/或密度的白色背衬层;一个不透明层等及其组合。这样的附加层的另一个益处是它们可增加片的强度和/或柔韧性。
在一种具体的实施方案中,干颜料组分包括一种干建筑表面颜料组分,即,一种特别适于涂敷到一个建筑表面上的颜料组分。这种干颜料组分典型地将不仅需要常规烘干而且需要另外固化步骤例如高温固化步骤,往其中添加反应固化剂等的颜料组分排斥在外。因此,在一种实施方案中,干建筑表面颜料组分基本上无氰酸盐固化剂、(甲基)丙烯酸盐(酯)固化剂和典型地用于固化瓷漆中的氰酸盐-(甲基)丙烯酸盐(酯)固化剂,因此在颜料组分中包含任何这样的固化剂的数量少于达到颜料组分的可测交联所需要的数量。在更具体的实施方案中,包含在颜料组分中的任何此类固化剂的数量按重量计少于约0.0004%。
由于该干颜料组分适于在干燥状态下被涂敷到一个表面上,所以在制造场所生产干颜料组分片。干着色剂片可利用乳胶组合物、水分散性组合物、溶剂基组合物、紫外光固化组合物等来形成。由于在制造场所生产该片,在制造过程中,油漆干燥或固化受到影响并且在制造过程中可吸收来自以上组合物的挥发性的有机组分或其它的副产品。在一种实施方案中,作为制造方法的一部分,可将这些副产品进行再生或再循环。
该制品通过涂敷单一的干颜料组分片提供良好的不透明性和覆盖率,从而节省用户的花费和时间。优选地,当根据ASTM D2805测量时,该制品的不透明指数为至少约0.95。典型地,在这样的测量中,制品被仔细地涂敷到测试表面例如象Leneta不透明性型式2A之类的色彩对比度卡的表面上,避免气泡和皱纹的产生。在更具体的实施方案中,在根据ASTM D2805进行测量时,该制品的不透明指数为至少约0.98,并且更具体地讲,为至少约0.995。基本上可实现完全遮盖即全隐藏,甚至在暗面、污面等之上。如果需要,该制品的一个或多个层或组分可包括另外的不透明剂例如一种或多种金属、金属氧化物、矿物等或它们的组合,以改善该制品的不透明性。此类不透明剂的实施例包括,但不限于,二氧化钛、炭黑等。可以团粒、粉末、薄片、颗粒或如聚集体或附聚体之类的颗粒组合等来提供合适的不透明剂。最小尺寸为至少0.02微米和纵横比为约100至1000的片状粉末最为理想。可产生良好的不透明性的颗粒,例如二氧化钛颗粒,其尺寸范围优选地为0.15至150微米,以及更优选地为约0.20至50微米。虽然可在干颜料组分片中提供不透明剂,在备选的实施方案中,如果使用的话,根据需要,不透明剂也可包含在粘合剂或背衬层中或包含在一个或多个其它层中。不受理论的束缚,据信很多生活污渍,尤其是油基污渍,显示具有降低的表面能并且往往会排斥湿油漆,尤其是水基湿油漆,因此难于覆盖住污渍并且常常需要额外的预处理步骤。当水从油漆中移往钉头等时,湿水基油漆也能引起毛刺生锈。然而,本发明的干颜料组分片基本上不含液体载体,因此避免了前述的与液体载体相关的问题。有利的是,常常不用预处理污面就能覆盖住污渍。
有利的是,该干颜料组分显示具有足以允许片进行弯曲、滚压或类似的操作的最低水平的弹性而不会使干颜料组分的连续区域产生裂缝、破裂或其它损伤。
在一种实施方案中,当根据ASTM D882采用1.0英寸(2.54cm)宽和2.0英寸标距长度的样本在十字头速度为20英寸/分钟(50.8cm/分钟)条件下进行测量时,本发明的制品也显示具有小于50%的伸长率。伸长率通常在室温下测量,本发明所用的室温是指低于约100°F(38°℃)的温度。典型地,显示具有以上所述伸长率的温度为约40°F(4℃)至约95°F(35℃),更具体地讲,为约60°F(15℃)至约80°F(27℃)。在其它的实施方案中,根据所述的ASTM D882,制品显示具有25%或更小的伸长率。
干颜料组分片也可显示具有充分的适形能力以适合待着色表面的形状。另外,干颜料组分片可适形到足以使制品能够很容易地围绕和/或在角部和其它三维构型中进行使用。此外,干颜料组分片可以是微适形的。本发明所用的微适形能力是指制品在形式或特征上变得与制品所粘附的表面相似,因此在涂敷时,干颜料组分片将会精确地模仿下层表面的纹理以提供油漆状的外观。优选地,在以上所确定的室温下显示具有适形能力和微适形能力。
在图1所示的实施方案中,将颜料涂敷到一个表面上的制品10无可分离衬料并且无载体片。本发明所用的术语“可分离衬料”通常用来指可分离的并且打算和适于在涂敷干颜料组分片到目标表面之前不久和之后去除的一个薄片。另一方面,本发明所用的“载体片”用来指打算和适于涂敷到通常在表面和提供装饰效果的一个层之间用来提供支撑结构的一个薄片。例如,常用的载体包括例如壁纸背衬薄片。载体层的厚度典型地显著大于3密耳(0.08mm),并因此可显著地与干颜料组分片和本发明的制品区别开来。因此,在图1所示的实施方案中,既不使用载体片也不使用可分离衬料。在一种其它的实施方案中,制品不含纤维素材料,尤其是通常用于壁纸载体层的纤维素基质。在一种更具体的实施方案中,制品10基本上由干颜料组分片12和在片12的表面16上的粘合剂14组成,并且不包括任何会显著地影响该制品的使用或特性的其它组分。
在另一种实施方案中,干颜料组分片12包括一个加强组分。该加强组分可被用来提供薄片材料的强度或结构完整性和/或给薄片材料提供增加的厚度或主体以便于处理和/或使用制品。由现有的公开内容,由使用加强组分产生的其它优点将是显而易见的。加强组分可包括获得一种或多种预计的加强效果的任何添加剂。优选地,加强组分不会降低干颜料组分的流变能力,因此该薄片显示具有足够的弹性,能够进行弯曲、滚压等而不会使该干颜料组分片产生裂缝或其它损伤。合适的加强组分的实施例包括但不限于长丝、纤维、薄膜、无纺材料、稀松布、线、薄片等或它们的组合,并且可以用包括聚合物、金属、纤维素材料、玻璃、陶瓷等在内的任何合适的材料来形成。加强组分可与载体片或层区别开来,因为加强组分被设置在在干色料片之内并且不适于或不打算布置在干色料片和墙壁表面之间。相反,正如以上所提到的,载体片打算和适于涂敷到在表面和提供颜料效果的一个层之间例如在壁纸中的一个表面上。
可以成图案的方式例如象稀疏的纺织结构之类、或以不成图案的非纺织方式用任何合意的技术例如浇铸、搅拌、涂层或喷射将加强组分设置在片12中。在一种实施方案中,加强组分的尺寸将非常小以便当干颜料组分片被涂敷到期望具有颜料效果的表面上时,不会提供不理想的有凹凸的表面。例如,在此种实施方案中,合适的加强组分的厚度尺寸应该不大于干颜料组分片厚度的75%。在备选的实施方案中,加强组分的厚度可足以产生干颜料组分片的表面纹理。图1A显示一个制品10A,其包括一个干颜料组分片12A和粘合剂14A。片12A包括一个加强组分11和干颜料组分层13。
本发明所用的粘合剂是指在室温下适于将本发明的制品粘附到一个表面上的一种物质,本发明所用的室温一般是指低于约100°F(38℃)的温度。典型地,用在建筑表面上的粘合剂在约40°F(4℃)至约95°F(35℃)的温度范围内将显示具有所需的粘附效果。另外,在低涂敷压力下,粘合剂显示具有粘附效果,因此使本发明的制品能够用手或用简单的工具涂敷和粘附到一个待着色的表面上。在一种实施方案中,粘合剂适于通过施加小于约50lb/in2(3.5kg/m2)的压力将制品粘附到一个待着色的表面上,更具体地讲,施加小于约30lb/in2(2.1kg/m2)的压力,和甚至更具体地讲,施加小于约20lb/in2(1.4kg/m2)的压力。在其它的实施方案中,粘合剂适于通过施加约3lb/in2(0.21kg/m2)至约10lb/in2(0.7kg/m2)的压力将制品粘附到一个待着色的表面上。
在图1中,粘合剂14被图示说明成在片12的表面16上的一个层。粘合剂可如图示说明的那样设置成层的形式,或根据需要设置成任何连续的或不连续的构型。粘合剂用来将干颜料组分片粘附到待着色的表面上。优选地,粘合剂具有一种特性并按当制品最初被涂敷到一个表面上时使制品能够重新定位的数量来设置,以便干颜料组分片可被临时粘附到一个待着色的表面上,并且如果位置不合适,可对其重新定位乃至从表面上移开并重新涂敷到正确的位置,和以便在获得了干颜料组分片的正确位置后,干颜料组分片可被永久地粘附到表面上。因此,在一种实施方案中,粘合剂适合显示具有响应第一条件的初始粘着性和响应第二条件的大于初始粘着性的后续粘着性。
当根据ASTM D3330和/或PSTC-1、采用一个1.0英寸(2.54cm)宽的剥离带在180°角剥离试验中进行测量时,适于允许重新定位的初始低粘着性为约100g/英寸(39g/cm)或更低,更优选地,在约25g/英寸(10g/cm)至约50g/英寸(20g/cm)范围内。后续粘着性大于初始粘着性并且在一种具体的实施方案中,在干颜料组分片和表面之间产生基本永久的粘附或粘接。
在一种实施方案中,第一条件可包括使粘合剂显示具有初始粘合性的第一涂敷压力,同时第二条件可包括使粘合剂显示具有更大粘合性的更大的第二涂敷压力。在一种备选的实施方案中,在将制品涂敷到一个表面上之后,第一条件可包括第一时段,在该时段内,粘合剂显示具有允许重新定位的粘合性水平,和第二条件为发生在第一时段终止之后的时段,即“第二时段”。在第一时段之后,粘合剂显示具有抑制或防止重新定位的粘合性水平。在粘合性从可重新定位的水平增加到基本永久的水平期间的时段只是选择的问题,可根据粘合剂领域中的一般知识通过选择粘合剂设计该产品。在某种实施方案中,第一时段为约2小时至约24小时。因此,在该实施方案中,可设置该粘合剂以便利用手或简单的涂敷工具将制品定位在和粘附到一个表面上,并且在已经将制品涂敷到一个表面上之后,粘合剂粘合性的耐久性随时间而增加。
本发明的制品的粘合剂组分是干粘合剂,即基本上不含液体载体的粘合剂,以便其被固定在干颜料组分片上并且不会从其上滴落。示例性的但非限制性的粘合剂包括热熔融的、压敏的、水基的、水成的、溶剂基的、紫外光的和电子束的固化粘合剂以及它们的组合。在一种实施方案中,粘合剂包括压敏粘合剂例如热熔融压敏粘合剂,或水基的或水成的压敏粘合剂例如液体乳胶压敏粘合剂,其可被涂敷到一个颜料组分片上然后进行干燥以产生本发明的制品。可供选择地,粘合剂可以是静力粘合剂,例如静电粘合剂。优选地,当根据如上所述的ASTM D3330,利用1英寸宽的剥离带进行测量时,粘合剂使干油漆片和基片的最终粘结强度大于约100g/英寸(39g/cm),更具体地讲,大于约150g/英寸(59g/cm),和甚至更具体地讲,大于约200g/英寸(79g/cm)。
虽然粘合剂可允许干颜料组分片的最初的重新定位,在粘合剂的涂敷过程和固化完成时,粘合剂优选地在干颜料组分和要产生颜料效果的表面之间产生最低限度的基本永久的粘接。基本永久的粘接为在偶然接触、轻柔洗涤等情况下不会破裂的粘接。可通过可拆的粘附来提供最低限度基本永久的粘接,因此可从表面上去除干颜料组分而不毁坏干颜料组分片。可供选择地,基本永久的粘接可通过潜在永久附着力来提供,因此要想将其去除就必须毁坏干颜料组分片。
在一种实施方案中,粘合剂为压力激活的粘合剂,其中粘合剂的粘合性在低施加压力下较低,因此允许干颜料组分片在一个表面上的重新定位,而不会破坏该干颜料组分片,但在施加较高压力时,该粘合剂显示具有较高的粘合性,因而在干颜料组分片和其要被涂敷的表面之间形成更永久的粘接,因此该干颜料组分片被基本永久地粘着到该表面上,即在偶然接触、轻柔洗涤等情况下,该片不会自行地分离和移动。各种压敏粘合剂已为本领域所熟知并且可被用于本发明的制品中。可在低涂层重量下或以成图案的或带纹理的方式提供此种压敏粘合剂,以便在提供潜在永久附着力时能够重新定位。
压敏粘合剂的实施例包括包含用于一层、两层或多层中的微球体的粘合剂。此种微球体在对粘合剂或制品施加力时可以是诸如易破裂的或可变形的。例如,授予Erwin的美国专利3,314,838和授予Danielson等人的美国专利3,331,729中描述了包含易破裂的或可变形的微球体的组合物。包含微球体的粘合剂可从市场上购买,其一个实施例为从3M公司以商品名购买。例如,在授予Questel等人的美国专利6,020,062中也公开了压敏粘合剂。授予Blackwell的美国专利5,073,457和授予Sagoff等人的美国专利4,151,319中公开了压敏粘合剂组合物的另外的制剂,其中该粘合剂提供重新定位和潜在永久附着力,和授予Reaves等人的美国专利5,939,479公开了提供重新定位附着力的粘合剂。其它的压敏粘合剂可从市场上购买并且包括2001,一种可从Avery Dennison公司购买的潜在永久附着力产品。
粘合剂的粘合性也可如上所述通过在粘合剂的裸露表面上涂敷阻断剂来改变。阻断剂具有降低在粘合剂的裸露表面处的初始粘合性的作用。因此本发明所定义的阻断剂降低粘合剂的低压粘合性,同时容许通过施加较高的压力移动阻断剂来得到高粘合性。合适的阻断剂可为固体结构,其覆盖表面的至少一部分并且遍布粘合剂的外表面。阻断剂可形成多个离散的结构或可形成一个互连的网络。本领域的普通技术人员会识别供这样一种实施方案使用的各种合适的阻断剂。
在一种实施方案中,阻断剂可包括包含可重新定位的微球体的组合物。这样的组合物可如授予Parrotta的美国专利4,376,151中所述的那样设置在一个或多个层中。其它的阻断剂的实施例包括但不限于在授予Ochi的美国专利4,556,595中公开的那些阻断剂,团粒;粉末或颗粒例如淀粉,包括但不限于马铃薯淀粉或玉米淀粉、滑石、二氧化硅、二氧化钛、沸石或其它材料;聚合物或聚合物造粒;玻璃或陶瓷珠等。这样的材料的量和尺寸将取决于各自粘合剂的类型和粘合性。在一个实施例中,按约2至约6g/m2的量涂敷具有平均粒径为约0.1mm的滑石颗粒,其足以降低初始粘着性以允许重新定位,而没有按比例降低最终的粘合性。在另一个实施例中,按约1至约3g/m2的量涂敷具有平均粒径为约25nm的二氧化硅颗粒。在又一个实施例中,按约1至约3g/m2的量涂敷平均粒径为约50nm的二氧化钛颗粒。阻断剂可根据需要以均匀或非均匀的图案涂敷。
在本发明制品的一种实施方案中,干色料片被永久地粘附到表面上,这样要想将其去除就必须毁坏该干颜料组分片。在本发明制品的一种其它的实施方案中,干色料片被永久地粘附到表面上,这样通过偶然接触、洗涤等不能将其去除,但基本上不用破坏该片就可去除它。
在一种实施方案中,如图1所示,干颜料组分片12还可包括在其外表面15上即在片12的与粘合剂14相对,即,不相邻的表面上的分离剂涂层。以下详细地讨论合适的分离剂。可供选择地,或另外,干颜料组分片12可包括在其表面上的一个顶或外裸露薄膜或涂层,即在下文中的“外涂层”。由于必须提供所需的光学效果和/或给干颜料组分片提供加强的保护、硬度和/或支撑结构,外涂层可包括一个透明的、半透明的、珠母般的、不透明的或其它的制剂。例如,外涂层可被用来给干颜料组分提供所需的光泽即无光泽、缎子般光泽、蛋壳色、半光泽或光泽以在涂敷到一个表面上时,增加干颜料组分的不透明性、漫射或反射等。在其它实施方案中,外涂层可包括一个或多个附加组分,所述组分给干颜料组分片提供改进的耐久性、抗碎性、可洗性、抗污性、抗褪色性包括抗紫外光褪色性、荧光性、磷光性、杀菌特性、香味、除气味性、非永久可写性(允许擦掉或洗掉)、隔噪声和/或隔热性、传导性、静耗散性和/或环境相互影响例如使色调或颜料能够根据温度等改变。
外涂层设置在片12的外表面上并且可被永久地或临时地粘附到下层上。图1B显示包括一个干颜料组分片12B和粘合剂14B的制品10B。片12B包括一个干颜料组分层13B和一个外涂层17。外涂层17同样可在其外表面19上具有一个分离剂涂层。外涂层可用任何合适的材料形成,其实施例包括聚合物例如聚氨酯、聚氯乙烯、聚偏二氟乙烯、聚丙烯酸酯、纤维素材料等以及其掺合物,和可任选地用于改变干颜料组分片表面的光学效应或纹理的各种颗粒。外涂层的具体的实施例包括聚氨酯以及聚丙烯酸酯和聚偏二氟乙烯的掺合物。外涂层可为透明的。在其它的实施方案中,外涂层可为半透明的或至少部分不透明的。对于本领域的普通技术人员来说,适用于本发明其它的外涂层材料将是显而易见的。
在一种实施方案中,外涂层在微观上或在宏观上被配置为使干颜料组分片和粘合剂能够给覆盖的表面提供所需的WVTR的形式,例如当根据ASTM F1249-90测量时,在100%相对湿度和40℃的条件下,WVTR大于1g-μm/cm2/24小时。例如,外涂层可设置冲孔、细孔、针孔等,或者可用显示具有这样的WVTR的材料来形成。在一种实施方案中,外涂层用聚合涂层例如但不限于聚氨酯涂层来形成,其具有非常小的厚度以提供所需的WVTR,例如约0.5密耳(0.013mm)或更薄,并且在其它的实施方案中,约0.25密耳(.007mm)或更薄。
图2显示根据本发明将颜料涂敷到一个表面上的制品的另一种实施方案的示意图;制品20包括一个干颜料组分片22、在该干颜料组分片的表面26上的粘合剂24和一个可分离衬料28。干颜料组分片22被布置在可分离衬料28和粘合剂24之间。制品可包括可分离衬料28,这是为了给干颜料组分片22提供支撑结构和/或强度例如当可分离衬料呈薄膜形式时,和/或便于在制造、存储和使用期间处理该制品。可分离衬料适于在将干颜料组分片涂敷到待着色的表面之前或之后从该干颜料组分片上去除。典型地,可分离衬料将通过从干油漆片上将其剥离来去除。如图2所示,可分离衬料可设置一个伸出干颜料组分片之外的突出部32来帮助衬料28从干颜料组分片22上剥离。可供选择地,分离衬料可利用一个胶带来去除,胶带可被粘贴到分离衬料的角部(或其它边缘)上,然后扯开,例如在干色料片已经被涂敷到一个表面上之后。胶带将分离衬料扯离干色料片,保留粘附到表面上的干色料片。胶带不破会坏干色料片或与干色料片相邻的表面。合适的胶带的一个实施例为可从Saint Gobain公司购买的Temp RLTM胶带。在一种其它的实施方案中,制品适于使用有助于可分离衬料从干色料片上分离的简单的分离器工具。这样一种工具可具备至少一条直边,其在制品的边缘处动作以分离可分离衬料。
在一种实施方案中,本发明的制品包括与干颜料组分片相邻的可分离衬料,并且在如图2所示的制品的平面构型中在粘合剂上无可分离衬料。因此,在图2的实施方案中,当制品呈平面的、非卷形构型时,粘合剂24的上表面无可分离衬料。当如图2所示的制品呈卷形时,可分离衬料28将会设置在与裸露的粘合剂24相邻并可能接触的位置,并因此提供一个分离表面以使制品能够展卷而不会受到粘合剂的干扰,如下文更详细地描述的那样。
在其它的实施方案中,制品可包括两个或多个可分离衬料。例如,图2A的制品20A包括一个包括干颜料组分层23和外涂层27的干颜料组分片22A和粘合剂24A,与在与粘合剂24A的表面相对的干颜料组分片22A的表面上的可分离衬料28A和在粘合剂24A上的可分离衬料36结合。在片22A和可分离衬料28A之间的在干颜料组分片22A上的外涂层27可给颜料组分提供以上所讨论的附加性质。
可分离衬料可以用给干颜料组分片提供所需支撑结构或强度的任何材料制成,以便于制品的制造、处理或将制品涂敷到一个所需的表面上。典型地,可分离衬料的基重、厚度和刚度的组合会提供所需的对于制品的支撑结构和/或强度。例如,可分离衬料可用聚合材料例如薄聚合薄膜、纺织薄片或无纺薄片来形成,或者用纤维性的木质纤维素材料如纸来形成。在一种实施方案中,可分离衬料包括聚合薄膜。通常,干颜料组分片可在聚合薄膜上进行成形,例如通过直接在聚合薄膜表面上涂敷或印刷颜料组分。分离表面可相当平直和光滑,但也可通过压花、微压花、用热和压力热成型、真空成型或本领域技术人员已知的其它方法形成纹理或形成三维的构型。
在一种实施方案中,可分离衬料用具有从干颜料组分片的固有分离性的材料形成。可被用来形成具有固有分离性衬料的合适材料包括但不限于硅氧烷基聚合物及其共聚物、氟烃聚合物及其共聚物、氟代丙烯酸盐(酯)及其共聚物、和其中包括分离添加剂例如硅氧烷或氟代烃添加剂的聚合物及其共聚物。包含这样的添加剂的聚合物的实施例包括聚烯烃例如聚乙烯均聚物和共聚物、聚丙烯均聚物和共聚物和聚甲基戊烯均聚物和共聚物;聚苯乙烯均聚物和共聚物;聚酯均聚物和共聚物例如聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET);和包括一种或多种分离添加剂例如硅氧烷油、硅氧烷表面活性剂、硅氧烷均聚物和共聚物、氟代烃油、氟代烃表面活性剂、氟代烃均聚物和共聚物例如氟代丙烯酸盐(酯)均聚物和共聚物、和它们的混合物的聚酰胺均聚物和共聚物。合适的分离添加剂在室温下可单独为液体或固体。合适的分离添加剂在室温下可为液体或固体。美国专利5,476,901和5,641,835公开了适用于形成本发明的制品中的可分离衬料的合适的硅氧烷聚烯烃共聚物的实施例,其每一个均引入本发明以供参考。美国专利5,728,469公开了用于压敏粘合剂的其它的合适的嵌段共聚物分离材料,其引入本发明以供参考。欧洲专利申请EP 1 018 533 A2还公开了适合用作分离层的含硅氧烷的树脂,其引入本发明以供参考。
可供选择地或另外,为了便于从干颜料组分片上去除可分离衬料,可将分离剂设置在可分离衬料和干颜料组分片之间。例如,在图2的制品中,分离剂被设置在干颜料组分片22和可分离衬料28之间的界面30上。分离剂可被设置成在制品中的一个薄膜或一个单独的薄膜层。在一种具体的实施方案中,分离剂被设置成在干颜料组分片和可分离衬料之间的其中一个或两个界面表面上的一个涂层。各种分离剂在本领域已为人所熟知并适用于本发明,其包括但不限于硅氧烷油、硅氧烷表面活性剂、硅氧烷均聚物或共聚物、氟代烃油、氟代烃表面活性剂、氟代烃均聚物或共聚物例如氟代丙烯酸盐(酯)均聚物和共聚物及它们的混合物。分离剂可被设置成在紧邻可分离衬料的界面30处颜料组分干片的表面上的一个涂层、在紧邻干颜料组分的界面30处的可分离衬料表面上的一个涂层、在干颜料组分片和可分离衬料之间的一个层或它们的任何组合。根据需要,这样的涂层可以是连续的或非连续的,以便让衬料能从干颜料组分片上分离而不破坏干颜料组分片的表面。在一种实施方案中,分离剂包括聚合材料例如聚硅氧烷,其作为连续的或非连续的涂层被涂敷在界面30处的可分离衬料28的表面上。
在一种实施方案中,可分离衬料还可包括在其外表面34处、即,在与干颜料组分片相对,即,不相邻的衬料的表面上的隔离剂。在图2制品的实施方案中,其中可分离衬料28在与干颜料组分片相对的表面34上具有隔离剂,表面34上的隔离剂防止表面34在制品的存储、处理和使用期间粘附到粘合剂24上。例如,表面34上的隔离剂的构造便于以卷的方式存储制品。同样地,在图1的实施方案中,干颜料组分片12的表面15可具有隔离剂以防止表面15和粘合剂14在制品10的存储、处理和使用期间粘附到表面15上。以上所讨论的类型的隔离剂适于涂敷到表面15或表面34上。
在图2的实施方案中,粘合剂14可包括以上所讨论的类型的阻断剂,其中该阻断剂使粘合剂具有压力活化性,因此粘合剂粘着性在低应用压力下降低以允许待着色表面上的制品的初始重新定位,同时在施加较高的压力时,粘合剂将干颜料组分片永久地粘接到该表面上。
在一种备选的实施方案中,可分离衬料28被布置在界面30处干颜料组分片22的表面上,在它们之间没有任何附加的层、涂层或组分。在这种实施方案中,可分离衬料28优选地由与在界面30处干颜料组分片22的表面具有固有分离性的材料制成。这种实施方案在从其中去除了可分离衬料28的情况下,消除了干颜料组分片22的表面上的分离剂的任何残余。
图3显示根据本发明将颜料涂敷到一个表面上的制品的又一种实施方案的示意图。制品40包括一个干颜料组分片42,其包括一个干颜料组分层43和一个在干颜料组分层43的一个表面46上的背衬层45。在背衬层45的表面47上具有粘合剂44。包括片42和粘合剂44的制品的厚度为约3密耳(0.08mm)或更薄,更具体地讲,为约2密耳(0.05mm)或更薄,和甚至更具体地讲,为约1密耳(0.3mm)或更薄。因此,这种实施方案的制品比常规的典型地具有非常厚的载体基片的壁纸产品要薄的多。例如,为了给干颜料组分片42提供支撑结构和/或强度、为了提供附加的不透明、增白或颜料强化效果、和/或为了便于在存储和使用期间处理制品,制品中可包括背衬层45。背衬层可用任何合适的薄材料制成,其实施例包括但不限于纸和其它的纤维素材料、聚合物薄膜和纺织或无纺纤维、纺织品、玻璃或陶瓷织物、金属化层等。在一种实施方案中,背衬层在涂敷到一个待着色的表面上后可提高制品的不透明性。例如,背衬层可包括二氧化钛、金属填充剂等以提高不透明性。优选地,背衬层将显示具有足以使制品能够进行弯曲、滚压和其它类似操作的柔韧性。
在一种实施方案中,背衬层包括一个镀金属薄膜,即一个具有两个或多个聚合物薄膜的层压材料,层压材料在聚合物薄膜的两个内表面之间具有一个金属化层或涂层。如图3所示,背衬层45可包括有例如由聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯形成的两个聚合物薄膜50、52的层压材料,在两层薄膜中间具有一个例如由银墨、金属氧化物、铝、不锈钢等制成的镀金属涂层54。铝墨的一个实施例为可从Eckart WerkeGmbH and Company的Eckart美国分公司(Avery Dennison Corp.生产)购买的铝墨。根据需要,镀金属涂层可为连续的或不连续的,以及成图案的或不成图案的。优选地,聚合物薄膜52很薄并可包括一个对于干颜料组分片的联结层或涂层。聚合物薄膜50可为镀金属涂层54提供一个表面并可给制品提供支撑结构。在一种实施方案中,干颜料组分片42还可包括一个在其外表面,即在片42的与包括背衬层45的表面相对,即,不相邻的表面上的分离剂涂层。在又一种实施方案中,可除去聚合物薄膜50或52的一个层,使制品变得更薄并仍保持不透明。
根据本发明的制品的尺寸的宽度和长度可按照待着色的表面尺寸而改变。例如,制品可按相对大的长度提供,适于对一个内建筑表面的整个长度和多个长度着色。如此长度的片可以卷的形式存储。可供选择地,制品可以较小的片例如按瓷砖大小提供以适应小区域。同样,制品可以带或较小尺寸的形式提供,供尺寸较小的区域使用,例如象围绕嵌条的板条、边缘、塑型片(例如镂花模板)、出口、角部和与不打算涂敷颜料的表面相邻的区域。对于修复受损的区域,尺寸较小的制品也会方便一些。
根据本发明的制品使人们能够通过将干颜料组分递送到一个表面而将颜料涂敷到该表面上。更具体地讲,该制品使人们能够在一个表面上产生基本永久的颜料效果。有利的是,干颜料组分被递送到表面上而不用使用用于递送该干颜料组分的湿工具,例如不用使用湿油漆涂料器象油漆刷、油漆喷涂器或油漆滚筒之类,或油漆盘;不用使用污染防护物如胶带或防溅布;不用使用通常需要清洗油漆涂料器的颜料组分清洗材料;和/或不用使用挥发性的液体有机组分赋形剂如对于颜料组分的油基溶剂,因此,可更快更容易地获得颜料效果,同时避免了与本发明所讨论的湿涂敷相关的很多问题。
因此,在本方法的一种实施方案中,包括干颜料组分的制品被涂敷到一个建筑表面上。在涂敷后和在去除任何包含在该制品中的可分离衬料后,制品余下的部分,例如干颜料组分和任何粘附部件即粘合剂,具有约3密耳(0.08mm)或更薄的厚度。
在本方法的一种优选的实施方案中,干颜料组分以上述干颜料组分片的形式被递送到表面上。优选地,干颜料组分片在其一个表面上具有一层粘合剂。根据本发明的方法,还可包括最初将干颜料组分粘附到表面上的步骤,例如通过在干颜料组分片上施加轻柔的压力暂时将干颜料组分片粘接到待着色的表面上;可供选择地,通过调整片的位置或准线;和/或通过在干颜料组分片上施加更大的压力暂时将干颜料组分片粘接到待着色的表面上。例如,当干颜料组分片按如图1所描述的制品10提供时,可将压力施加到制品的表面15上以将粘合剂14粘附到待着色的表面上。在图2的制品20中,为了将包括干颜料组分片22的制品20粘附到待着色的一个表面上,当粘合剂24接触到待着色的表面时,对表面34施加压力。
本发明的制品可只通过用手放置、或通过使用简单的涂敷装置例如壁纸辊子和/或分配器、或其它工具涂敷到一个表面上。同样,可用手或用工具来施加粘附制品所需的任何压力。可在制品的上面用单个道次或用两个或多个道次施加这样的压力。
根据本发明的制品和方法改进了对于一个表面例如建筑表面象内墙壁之类提供颜料的方法,并且避免了与常规的湿涂漆和糊裱壁纸相关的很多缺点。消除了油漆溢出和溅散的危险和给不需要涂漆的表面涂上漆的危险,因为干颜料组分如油漆在涂敷之前或期间已被固定或包纳。因此,不需要通常用于地板、家具和相邻区域的胶带、防溅布和其它保护性的措施。另外,该制品和方法使着色能够按时间的增加而实现,并且不需要连续的大段时间来施行。同样,可以中断涂敷而不会产生不便。此外,由于颜料组分被固定或包纳在本发明的制品中,与涂料器的各种附属表面、保护性的胶带、防溅布等浪费了过多油漆的传统的湿涂漆相比,获得所需的结果所需要的颜料组分的总量减少了。而且,由于该制品可在永久粘接之前重新定位,因此允许精确定位,并且由于该制品基本上无液体载体,片避免了在涂敷后象通常壁纸发生的那样产生收缩。因此,容易达到相邻片的边匹配。可供选择地,仅仅通过将相邻的片重叠就可避免边匹配问题。
由以上看来,很显然,本发明的制品可用各种方法和技术来制成。本发明公开了仅用于说明性的目的这样一种方法。更尤其是,根据图4,其显示了一种小的实验室规模的半自动化方法。可分离衬料100以卷的形式供应并通过辊子104、106、108、110、112和114进行展卷来穿过装置102以形成一个完整的缠绕在辊118上的制品116。正如以下所要更详细描述的那样,切下的部分120流向辊122。通过辊118和122和输送机124例如真空输送机的组合,可分离衬料100被拉成纤网101穿过该装置。合适的真空输送机可包括一个带有两个滑轮的传送带,其具有一排正下方直接地暴露于真空室的有一定间隔的孔洞。通过一个强制通风的鼓风机产生负压(真空)。当皮带从腔室上面经过时,在每个孔洞处产生了负压,致使当可分离衬料100从皮带上面经过时,被牢固地吸附到皮带上。当应用的颜料组分烘干时,这种作用有助于防止可分离衬料100起皱。真空输送机带速可与用驱动器119传动的传动辊118和122的速度匹配。供给可分离衬料100的辊子126的转轴与一个可调整的摩擦离合器128连接起来以在纤网101上获得足够的张力,使其在整个过程中平稳行进。可设置Fife导向单元130来追踪纤网穿过装置时的移动。
采用涂料器132将颜料组分例如湿油漆涂敷到紧邻辊子106的可分离衬料的纤网101上。根据需要,油漆或其它颜料组分可为水基的或溶剂基的。在一种实施方案中,涂料器132包括一个#50绕线刮棒,其可通过弹簧张力等顶靠在辊子106上以使纤网101在辊子106和涂料器132之间通过。在绕线刮棒式涂料器132的上游一侧通过一个歧管134引入颜料组分如油漆。通过管136从一个将湿油漆从一个储液器140中抽出的蠕动泵138中给该导管给料。油漆在纤网101上例如当其从真空输送机124上面经过时通过使用烘干机进行烘干以形成干颜料组分片。在图4的实施方案中,烘干机包括两个靠强制通风的管道144协助的红外线加热器142。空气管道144可方便地吹走来自真空输送机124的废气。本领域的技术人员会很容易理解,根据需要,在干燥过程期间清除的溶剂或其它载体可被收集起来并进行回收。因此在可分离衬料纤网上形成了干颜料组分片。
然后,在与可分离衬料相对的表面上将粘合剂涂敷到干颜料组分片上。例如,在图4的装置102中,在辊子108处,用一个涂料器148将粘合剂涂敷到在纤网101上面的干颜料组分片的表面上,涂料器可包括例如一个#20绕线刮棒。绕线刮棒式涂料器148可通过弹簧张力等顶靠在辊子108上以使纤网101在辊子和涂料器之间通过。在绕线刮棒式涂料器148的上游一侧通过一个歧管146引入液体粘合剂。通过管150从一个将液体粘合剂从一个储液器154中抽出的蠕动泵152中给歧管146给料。在一个储液器154中的液体粘合剂周一个搅拌机156连续地搅拌。在其上面有施加的粘合剂的纤网101行进到在一个滑板160上方、在加工方向上来回移动的振动的覆盖着织物的辊子158处,使涂敷到在纤网101上的干颜料组分片上的液体粘合剂产生纹理。带纹理的粘合剂可使制品能够在永久粘结前更容易重新定位。然后,烘干粘合剂,例如通过使纤网101在辊子110处的一个红外线加热器162下方经过。
在一种优选的实施方案中,纤网101穿过辊子112和114,其中的一个辊子优选地是呈旋转切刀形式。在一种更具体的实施方案中,辊子114包括紧邻纤网的边缘布置的两个旋转切刀以便修整纤网的边缘并且提供具有整齐边缘的最终制品。在另一种实施方案中,辊子114包括多个旋转切刀装置,其如此布置是为了将纤网切成两条或多条带以提供尺寸较小的制品,其适合用于将颜料涂敷到如以上所讨论的较小区域。然后,将所得到的制品116缠绕在辊118上,同时将切下的边缘120缠绕在辊122上。如上所述,所述的装置102和制备方法仅为示例性的,并且对于本领域的技术人员来说显而易见的是可对其进行变化。例如,在本方法中,分离剂可以涂层、层等形式提供。另外,在无分离衬料的情况下,干颜料组分片可按最终制品供应。例如,干颜料组分片可在加工纤网或成形带上制成,然后在以卷或片的形式存储之前与加工纤网或成形带分离。
在一种备选的实施方案中,例如如图2A所示的根据本发明的制品可用如上所述本方法的改进型式来制成,其中采用了两个可分离衬料纤网。例如,根据图2A,用于形成外涂层27的外涂层组合物可用逆转辊、挤压涂布等技术涂敷到可分离衬料上并且在上面通过例如加热被烘干。然后,可用如逆转辊、凹版涂敷、印刷等技术将颜料组分涂敷到干燥的外涂层并且通过加热来烘干。然后,可将粘合剂涂敷到第二可分离衬料纤网上,接着,将可分离衬料-外涂层-干颜料组分元件和粘合剂-可分离衬料以干颜料组分和粘合剂面对的关系层压在一起。可在这整个过程中用任何合适的方法包括对流和辐射例如红外线加热、紫外线加热等进行加热。本领域普通技术人员也会认识到,通过在已经将可分离衬料-外涂层-干颜料组分片和粘合剂-可分离衬料组装在一起后仅仅从粘合剂上去除第二可分离衬料,这种方法可被用来提供包括单个可分离衬料的例如如图2所示的制品。
由现有的公开内容看来,对于本领域的技术人员来说,其它的或备选的装置和/或工艺步骤将变得显而易见。例如,颜料组分或粘合剂可利用各种已知的涂敷技术包括挤出、喷射、印刷、逆转辊、凹版涂敷、辊涂和本领域已知的其它技术作为单个层或多个层来应用。各个层可具有相同的性质或可采用彼此不同的各个层将各种性质如颜料、强度、不透明性等组合在一起。如以上所述的阻断剂可被涂敷到粘合剂表面上和/或可与粘合剂混合在一起。可用紫外线、对流或辐射装置或本领域已知的其它技术进行加热。可在制品的一个或多个层上或之中进行纹理化。
本发明所描述的具体说明和实施方案其本质仅为示例性的,并非旨在对由本权利要求限定的本发明进行限制。其它实施方案和实施例对本领域任一技术人员而言根据上述说明是显而易见的,并且属于本发明的范围之内。
Claims (17)
1.用于将颜料涂敷到建筑表面上的制品,所述制品包括:
(a)具有两个表面的干颜料组分片;和
(b)在所述干颜料组分片的一个表面上的粘合剂;
其中,所述干颜料组分片和所述粘合剂的组合厚度为3.3密耳或更小,所述干颜料组分片可延展以允许弯曲和滚压而不会破裂、破坏或对所述干颜料组分片造成其它损伤,并且显示具有小于50%的伸长率。
2.如权利要求1所述的制品,其中所述制品没有可分离衬料,也没有承载片。
3.如权利要求1所述的制品,所述粘合剂包括能够重新定位的压敏粘合剂。
4.如权利要求3所述的制品,其中所述粘合剂适合显示具有响应第一条件的初始粘着性和响应第二条件的大于所述初始粘着性的后续粘着性。
5.如权利要求4所述的制品,其中所述粘合剂适合在施加第一压力时显示初始粘着性,在施加第二压力时显示大于所述初始粘着性的后续粘着性,其中第二压力大于第一压力。
6.如权利要求4所述的制品,所述粘合剂适于在第一时间段之后显示初始粘着性,在第二时间段之后显示大于所述初始粘着性的后续粘着性,其中第二时间段比第一时间段长。
7.如权利要求1所述的制品,其中所述干颜料组分片包括不透明层。
8.如权利要求7所述的制品,其中所述不透明层包括在其至少一个表面上具有一个层的薄膜,其中所述薄膜选自由聚合物薄膜、金属薄膜、纤维薄膜、以及它们的组合构成的组。
9.如权利要求1所述的制品,所述制品还包括不透明剂;其中所述不透明剂在所述粘合剂中。
10.如权利要求1所述的制品,其中所述干颜料组分片包括在与所述粘合剂相对的表面上的外涂层。
11.如权利要求1所述的制品,所述制品还包括可分离衬料,其中所述干颜料组分片被布置在所述可分离衬料和所述粘合剂之间。
12.如权利要求11所述的制品,其中分离剂被设置在所述可分离衬料和所述干颜料组分片之间。
13.如权利要求11所述的制品,其中所述可分离衬料的与所述干颜料组分片相对的表面在其上面具有分离剂。
14.如权利要求11所述的制品,其中所述可分离衬料由具有分离特性的聚合物形成。
15.如权利要求4所述的制品,其中所述粘合剂在其表面具有阻断剂;其中所述阻断剂选自由淀粉、滑石、二氧化硅、二氧化钛、沸石、聚合物、玻璃、陶瓷、以及它们的混合物构成的组。
16.如权利要求1所述的制品,其中所述片和粘合剂适于提供水蒸气传输速率大于1g-μm/cm2/24小时的表面覆盖物。
17.用于将颜料涂敷到表面上的制品,所述制品包括:
(a)干颜料组分片,其包括:(i)在聚合粘合剂中的颜料、染料或其组合,和(ii)外涂层,
(b)粘合剂,其在与所述外涂层相对的所述干颜料组分片的表面上,和
(c)可分离衬料,其中所述干颜料组分片被布置在所述可分离衬料和所述粘合剂之间,所述可分离衬料在其紧邻所述干颜料组分的表面上具有分离剂;
其中所述干颜料组分片和所述粘合剂的组合厚度为3.3密耳或更薄;
其中所述粘合剂适合显示具有响应第一条件的初始粘着性和响应第二条件的大于所述初始粘着性的后续粘着性;
其中所述粘着剂适于在室温下和在施加小于50lb/in2的压力后将所述制品粘附到表面上;和
其中所述制品显示具有小于50%的伸长率。
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US20070251632A1 (en) | 2006-04-28 | 2007-11-01 | Westendorf Roxanne D | Method for applying a decorative laminate to a target surface |
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2002
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