CN100525719C - 支撑中空身体器官内组织的系统 - Google Patents

支撑中空身体器官内组织的系统 Download PDF

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CN100525719C
CN100525719C CNB2005800095706A CN200580009570A CN100525719C CN 100525719 C CN100525719 C CN 100525719C CN B2005800095706 A CNB2005800095706 A CN B2005800095706A CN 200580009570 A CN200580009570 A CN 200580009570A CN 100525719 C CN100525719 C CN 100525719C
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tissue
implant
hollow body
prosthese
body organ
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CN1997318A (zh
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艾伦·L·卡加诺夫
李·博尔达克
姜安久
菲利普·R·豪斯
吉尔贝特·S·拉罗亚
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Aptus Endosystems Inc
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Abstract

本发明涉及为了恢复或保持器官天然功能,在身体器官内对组织进行支撑的装置、系统和方法。所述装置、系统和方法不需要通过侵入性,开放性的外科手术方法实施,相反,却可通过基于导管的,血管内的和/或经由皮肤的技术来实施。

Description

支撑中空身体器官内组织的系统
相关申请
本申请要求的是申请日为2002年11月29日、同时待决的美国专利申请第10/307,226号的优先权,其要求的是申请日为2001年11月28日、同时待决的美国专利临时申请第60/333,937号的优先权。本申请还要求申请日为2002年10月15日、同时待决的美国专利申请第10/271,334号的优先权。
发明领域
本发明的特征一般适用于在中空身体器官中支撑组织和/或结构的装置、系统和方法。更具体地,本发明的特征可用于通过在心脏中支撑组织或相关结构来改善心脏功能,例如,对诸如充血性心力衰竭和/或心瓣膜机能障碍和/或心房纤维性颤动和/或中隔缺损的疾病进行治疗。
背景技术
中空的身体器官具有特殊的天然形状从而行使特殊的天然功能。当某种身体器官由于疾病、损伤或简单的自然老化过程而使其天然结构松弛时,其天然功能就会受到不利的影响。心脏可作为在天然形状和天然功能,以及当天然形状发生改变和机能障碍之间密切关系的良好例子。
I.健康心脏的解剖学
心脏(参见图1)比握紧的拳头略大。它是双侧(左侧和右侧)的自我调节的肌肉泵,其各部分和谐地工作从而将血液驱送至身体的各个部分。心脏的右侧接受来自身体上腔静脉和下腔静脉血氧含量较差的(“静脉的”)血液,并通过肺动脉将其泵入肺中进行氧化作用。其左侧接受来自通过肺静脉从肺输送来的血氧含量较高的(“动脉的”)血液,并将其泵入动脉从而分布于身体。
心脏有四个腔室,每侧各两个-----右心房和左心房,以及右心室和左心室。心房是接受血液的腔,其将血液泵入心室。由膜和肌肉部分组成的、称为房间隔的壁,将右心房和左心房分隔开来。心室是射出血液的腔。由膜状和肌肉部分组成的、称为室间隔的壁,将右心室和左心室分隔开来。
心脏左侧和右侧的同步泵动作构成了心动周期。该周期从心室舒张的阶段开始,称作心室舒张。该周期以心室的收缩终止,称为心室收缩。
心脏具有四个瓣膜(参见图2和图3)以确保在心动周期中血液不会流错方向;即确保血液不会从心室回流入对应的心房,或从心房回流入对应的心室。左心房和左心室之间的瓣膜是二尖瓣。右心房和右心室之间的瓣膜是三尖瓣。肺动脉瓣位于肺动脉的开口处。主动脉瓣位于主动脉的开口处。
在心室舒张(即心室充盈(ventricular filling))开始的时候(参见图2),主动脉瓣和肺动脉瓣闭合防止血液从动脉回流入心室。随后,三尖瓣和二尖瓣打开(如图2所示),允许血液从心房流入对应的心室。在心室收缩(即心室排空)开始后不久,三尖瓣和二尖瓣闭合(如图3所示)--防止血液从心室回流入对应的心房---同时主动脉瓣和肺动脉瓣打开—允许血液从对应的心室射入动脉。
心脏瓣膜是由胶原的纤维环组成的,每一个都称为环(annulus),其形成了心脏纤维骨架的一部分。环为瓣尖或小叶提供了附着物(心耳)。在健康的心脏中,肌肉及其腱索(腱索)支撑瓣膜,从而允许瓣膜的小叶随着其希望的功能开放和闭合。
II心脏功能障碍
感染、心肌梗塞、心房纤维颤动、其他疾病、或器质性的缺陷会在心动周期过程中对心脏左侧和右侧的正常同步泵作用和/或心脏瓣膜的动作造成不利的影响。
例如,由于以上的一种或多种原因,心脏的腔室会变得扩张和膨大。这样的情况会导致不良的后果。例如,(1)因为这种膨大的情况,心脏必须更努力地泵压来输送血液,和/或从心脏流入身体其余部分的血液太少。假以时日,心脏的其他腔室也会逐渐变得衰弱。例如,在左心室的心脏腔室的扩张和膨大会导致称为充血性心力衰竭的病症。如果不进行治疗,充血性心力衰竭会导致肺栓塞、循环抑制(circulationshutdown)和死亡。
心脏腔室的膨大也会导致心脏瓣膜环的膨大或扩张。同样,心脏瓣膜周围肌腱的扩张或撕裂,或这一区域其他形式的肌肉衰竭,甚至是在心脏腔室没有出现膨大的时候,也会改变心脏瓣膜环的形状。当心脏瓣膜环的形状发生改变时,该瓣膜的小叶就不能闭合(coapt)。于是会出现在心房和心室之间不希望的血液回流(称作反流),或在动脉和心室之间的回流。这样的功能障碍会最终使心脏变得衰弱并会导致心力衰竭。
器质性的、例如在隔膜的缺陷也会导致心脏功能障碍。这些缺陷可能是先天的,也有可能是由疾病或损伤导致的。
III.预治疗方法
药物疗法可成功地治疗心脏功能障碍。然而,对于慢性或极性功能障碍而言,通常需要进行手术。对充血性心力衰竭而言,需要进行心脏移植。诸如侵入性,开放性的心脏手术方法已被用于修补或更换功能障碍的心脏瓣膜或对中隔缺损进行矫正。
亟需简单、低成本以及侵入性较小的装置、系统和方法来治疗诸如充血性心力衰竭和/或心瓣膜机能障碍和/或中隔缺损的心脏病症。同样也需要对由其他身体器官无意识形状改变而引起的其他功能障碍进行类似的治疗。
发明内容
为了恢复或保持器官天然功能,本发明提供了支撑中空身体器官内组织的装置、系统和方法。所述装置、系统和方法不需要通过侵入性,开放性的外科手术方法实施,相反,却可借助于基于导管,血管内的和/或经由皮肤的技术来实施。
在一个方面,本发明提供了支撑中空身体器官内组织的系统和方法。所述系统和方法使用了偶合在一起的第一和第二植入物。对第一植入物进行尺寸和形状的处理从而能够穿透中空身体器官内组织的第一区域。对第二植入物进行尺寸大小和形状处理从而能够穿透空间上远离所述中空身体器官组织第一区域的第二区域。至少有一个拉紧元件将第一和第二植入物偶合在一起,从而将拉力施加在第一和第二植入物上,并由此向内牵拉组织,从而对其进行支撑。支撑作用,例如,将组织表面牵拉至一起从而降低所述中空身体器官内的组织体积,并且防止随后组织体积的膨大。所希望的是,所述支撑作用并不会与该中空身体器官的收缩相互干扰而使组织体积进一步缩小。然而,如果需要的话,这种支撑的形式还是可以成功的。
另一方面,本发明提供了在中空的身体器官内形成组织折叠的系统和方法。所述系统和方法采用了第一和第二植入物。对所述植入物进行尺寸大小和形状的调整从而穿透空间上远离所述中空身体器官组织区域。至少有一种拉紧元件将第一和第二植入物偶合在一起,将拉力施加在第一和第二植入物上。所述拉力在第一和第二植入物之间产生了一个组织折叠。组织折叠可以,例如,降低中空身体器官内的内部组织体积,同时防止随后组织体积的膨大。所希望的是,所述拉紧作用并不会与该中空身体器官的收缩相互干扰而使组织体积进一步缩小。然而,如果需要的话,这种支撑的形式还是可以伴随组织折叠成功的。
在一个实施方案中,第一和第二植入物是在中空身体器官内穿透空间上远离组织区域的植入物阵列的部分。在该实施方案中,至少有一种拉紧元件伸展于植入物阵列之间,从而将拉力施加于相邻的植入物之间,并由此产生了多个组织折叠的方式。所述多个组织折叠可以,例如,将组织的圆周区域牵拉到一起,形成闭合或封口。
在另一方面,本发明提供了支撑中空身体器官内组织的系统和方法。所述系统和方法应用使用了经过尺寸大小和形状处理适合放置于中空身体器官之内,或者围绕所述中空身体器官的假体。所述系统和方法还使用了将所述假体紧密固定于中空身体器官内组织的至少一个固定器。在一个实施方案中,所述固定器包含螺旋固定器。
在另一方面,本发明提供了利用伸长的植入物支撑中空身体器官内组织的系统和方法。对所述伸长的植入物进行尺寸大小和形状的调整从而能穿透组织并在组织壁内或部分地在组织壁内随着曲线的路径延伸。所述伸长的植入物可对中空身体器官的最大尺寸和/或形状进行调节。在一个实施方案中,所述伸长的植入物是螺旋形的。
如本文所述,体现将本发明多个方面全部或部分的系统和方法都可使良好地适用于,例如,心脏中。所述系统和方法可用于,例如,在充血性心力衰竭或其他心脏体积变大的疾病中的治疗中在心脏腔室内和/或在心脏瓣膜环内或附近支撑组织。所述系统和方法可用来密封或闭合组织内的孔眼,洞,或缺损。所述系统和方法可用来闭合或密封心耳(atrial appendages)或中隔缺损。
基于所附的说明,附图和权利要求,本发明的其他特征和优点是显而易见的。
附图说明
图1是健康心脏内部的透视和前解剖视图。
图2是去除了心房,显示在心室舒张过程中心脏瓣膜状态的健康心脏内部的解剖仰视图。
图3是去除了心房,显示在心室收缩过程中心脏瓣膜状态的健康心脏内部的解剖仰视图。
图4A是在中空身体器官内对组织进行支撑的植入物的透视图。
图4B是在组织中植入如图4A所示植入物的施加器械的侧视图。
图4C是如图4A所示植入物植入组织之后的侧视图。
图5A和5B是在中空身体器官内建立的组织支撑系统,其包括两个或更多通过夹具放置和保持拉紧的如图4A所示的植入物。
图6A和6B是在心脏的左心室中建立的如图5所示的组织支撑系统,图6A所示为在建立系统之前体积膨大的心室,图6B所示为系统降低了心室的体积。
图7A-7D所示为通过使用血管内工具和技术建立图6B所示系统的步骤。
图8A和8B所示为在心脏的左心室在主动脉瓣的环内或附近建立的图5所示的组织支撑系统,图8A所示为在建立该系统之前主动脉瓣环膨胀的状态,而图8B所示为该系统重塑了环从而恢复了小叶的闭合。
图9A-9D所示为使用血管内的工具和技术建立图8B所示系统的步骤。
图10A和10B所示为在心脏的左心室中建立的组织折叠系统,图10A所示为在该系统建立之前体积膨大的心室,图10B所示为该系统降低了心室的体积。
图11A-11D所示为使用血管内的工具和技术建立图10B所示系统的步骤。
图12所示为具有图10B所示系统特征的组织折叠系统的另一实施方案。
图13A-13C所示为使用血管内的工具和技术建立具有图10B所示系统特征的组织折叠系统的另一实施方案的步骤。
图14A和14B所示为使用血管内的工具和技术建立具有图10B所示系统特征的组织折叠系统的另一实施方案的步骤。
图15A所示为如图10B所示的组织折叠系统,包括了由固定器在组织折叠系统建立的组织折叠之上紧密固定的覆盖修补部件。
图15B所示为通过血管内通道配置图15A所示修补部件的导管。
图16A所示为在中空身体器官内建立的产生折叠模式的系统,其可将所述中空身体器官的一个区域与该中空身体器官的另一区域加以分隔或封闭。
图16B是采用通常沿着图16A中的16B-16B线、通过图16A所示系统产生的折叠模式的平面图。
图17A和17B所示为使用图16A和16B所示的系统在心耳和房间隔之间区域中建立的多种折叠模式,图17A所示为该系统建立之前的心房,图17B为该系统建立之后将心耳与房间隔进行隔离和/或封闭的心房。
图17C是采用通常沿着图17B中的17C-17C线、通过图17B所示系统产生的折叠模式的平面图。
图18A和18B所示为使用图16A和16B所示系统在中空身体器官内建立的将孔封闭的多种折叠方法,图18A所示为在建立该系统之前的孔,图18B所示为在建立所述系统后孔的闭合。
图19A至19F所示为可安装于中空身体器官内对该器官进行塑型并阻止其膨大的假体的多种实施方案。
图20A所示为安装于中空的身体器官内部的图19A-19F所示类型的假体。
图20B所示为安装于中空的身体器官外部的图19A-19F所示类型的假体。
图21A所示为安装于心脏腔室内部的图19A-19F所示类型的假体。
图22A-22D所示为使用血管内工具和技术建立图20A所示假体的步骤。
图23所示为安装于心脏外部的图19A-19F所示类型的假体。
图24A和24B所示为通过安装于心脏左心室的两个或更多修补部件阵列形成的、具有图19A-19F所示假体特征的复合假体。
图25所示为在形成放置于心脏瓣膜环内或附近的形式的环过程中形成的、具有图19A-19F所示假体特征的假体。
图26A所示为安装于主动脉瓣环内或附近的、如图25所示的假体。
图26B所示为安装于二尖瓣环内或附近的、如图25所示的假体。
图27所示为通过血管内通路配置图25所示假体的导管。
图28所示为经过尺寸大小和形状的调整用于对心脏中的中隔缺损进行修复的、具有图15A所示修补部件特征的修补部件。
图29A和29B所示为安装于心脏左右心室之间中隔缺损内的图28所示的修补部件。
图30A和30B所示为可植入中空身体器官塑造其器官形状并防止其膨大的伸长的植入物的多种实施方案,图30A所示为具有常见线性形状的植入物,而图30B所示为具有常见曲线形状的植入物。
图31所示为植入心脏左心室的图30A和30B所示的伸长的植入物。
图32所示为为了放置于心脏瓣膜环内或附近而形成的、具有多种图19A-19F所示假体特征的心脏瓣膜组件。
图33所示为安装于主动脉瓣环内或附近的、如图32所示的组件。
图34A-34C所示为通过使用血管内工具和技术,在主动脉瓣环内或附近,安装图32所示心脏瓣膜组件的步骤。
发明详述
虽然本文公开的内容非常详细且精确,足以使本领域所属技术人员实施本发明,但在此公开的物理性实施方案仅是为了对本发明进行示例性说明,其可在体现在其它具体的结构中。尽管对优选实施方案进行了描述,还是可以在不偏离由权利要求所限定的本发明范围内进行细节的变化。
本说明书所公开的技术被分为以下几部分用于进行详细说明:
I.在中空身体器官内对组织进行外在支撑的植入物
A.概述
B.在心脏腔室内对组织进行支撑的系统和方法
C.在心脏瓣膜环内或附近对组织进行支撑的系统和方法
II.产生组织折叠的植入物
A.概述
B.限定(defining)不连续组织折叠的系统和方法
1.使用覆盖修补部件进行组织折叠
C.限定组织折叠模式的系统和方法
1.概述
2.心耳(appendage)的分隔和封闭
3.封闭孔、洞或缺陷
III.在中空身体器官内对组织进行外在支撑的假体
A.概述
B.在心脏腔室内对组织进行支撑的系统和方法
C.在心脏瓣膜环内部或附近对组织进行支撑的系统和方法
IV.在中空身体器官内对组织进行内在支撑的植入物
应该理解在给定部分所描述的技术可以与在另一部分所描述的技术结合,且在此描述的特征为全部技术所共有。
I.在中空身体器官内对组织进行外在支撑的植入物
A.概述
图4A所示为经过尺寸大小和形状的调整用于放置于中空身体器官内的植入物10。所述植入物包括由成型塑料或金属或陶瓷材料制成的适于植入身体的小体12。
小体12包括远端区域14。对远端区域14进行尺寸大小和形状的调整从而能够穿入组织。对小体12及其远端区域14进行尺寸大小和形状的调整,从而充分地紧密抓紧组织(参见图4C),使其一旦被植入就能足以显著地防止小体12从组织释放和/或迁移出来。
小体12还包括近端区域16。对近端区域16进行尺寸大小和形状的调整,从而与用来施力引起植入物10穿入组织的器械或工具20配合(参见图4B)。
如图4A所示,小体12还包括束缚元件18。在说明性的实施方案中,束缚元件18位于小体12近端区域16上或附近。采用这样的方式,当小体12被植入血管或中空身体器官(参见图4C)的组织壁内时,束缚元件18延伸至组织壁的外侧。
束缚元件18包括具有金属或聚合物材料(例如,聚酯结构)的绳、编织物、丝或管结构,其希望的断裂强度至少相当于小体12的远端14从组织释放或迁移的阻力。所希望的束缚元件18是柔软的,从而使得其能够配置在整个血管内通路。所希望的束缚元件18是不明显具有弹性的,但根据所遇到的组织情况,也可以是具有弹性的。
束缚元件18可通过,例如,焊接、胶粘、铆接或类似的连接技术紧密地固定于近端区域16。所希望的是束缚元件18和小体12之间的连接具有比束缚元件18本身的材料强度更高的材料强度。
植入物10的小体12可以具有多种形式。在说明性的实施方案中(如图4A所示),小体12包含开放的螺旋型卷曲。在所述配置中,远端区域14包括削尖的引导尖端。这种类型的小体12和远端区域14可以通过施力器械20施加给植入物10的旋转运动配置入组织中。
同样,在说明性的实施方案中(如图4A所示),近端区域16包含L-型的支架。所希望的是该L-型支架将卷曲小体12的整个内部直径一分为二;换言之,L-型支架16完全伸展穿过了卷曲小体12的内部直径。L-型支架16可用作阻止卷曲小体12旋转穿入组织过于深入的限位器。此外,如图4B通常所示,可对施力器械20上的可旋转植入物驱动机械装置22进行尺寸大小和形状的调整来与L-型支架16配合,并且使卷曲小体12旋转从在组织中完成植入。
图5A和5B所示为包含至少两种图4A所示植入物10的组织成型系统24。植入物10以彼此分隔的-分离的关系或方式植入中空身体器官或血管(如图5A和5B通常所示)的组织壁中。所配置的束缚植入物10的数量会随着靶组织体积的尺寸和几何形状,以及组织支撑目的的变化而变化。
系统24包括连接于植入物10的束缚元件18的至少一个夹具26。图5A所示为单个夹具26。图5B所示为多个夹具26。所述夹具或元件26相互地将束缚元件18联合到一起,并允许对其施以拉力并保持在该组织的外面,如图5A和5B中的箭头所示。由分离的植入物10上的每个束缚元件18单独施加和保持的拉力,组合起来,可将周围的组织壁整体地向夹具26的内部牵拉,从而对所述中空身体器官或血管进行塑型。反之,在每个植入物10上的束缚元件18所施加和保持的拉力,组合起来,抵抗了组织壁整体地向远离夹具26的外部运动。所述拉力防止了组织壁发生超过由组织支撑系统24所产生体积的膨胀。不过,所希望的是组织支撑系统24不会与组织壁收缩产生缩小的体积相互干扰。
每个单独束缚元件18的长度和其施于各个植入物10上的拉力幅度共同地规定了身体器官的最大形状。以这种方式,系统24可在身体器官内对组织进行支撑和塑型。
可在身体的诸多部分建立上述系统24并用于各种治疗目的。出于说明性目的对两种实施方案进行描述。第一种实施方案旨在对充血性心力衰竭进行治疗和/或修复。第二种实施方案旨在心脏瓣膜重塑。
B.在心脏腔室内对组织进行支撑的系统和方法
图6A所示为遭受充血性心力衰竭的心脏。图6A所示病症的特征在于内部体积膨大的左心室。图6B所示为通过在左心室内植入具有束缚植入物10的系统24对所述病症进行治疗和/或修复。对植入物10的束缚18进行放置并通过夹子26保持拉力(如图6B的箭头所示)。如果需要的话,可使用多个夹子26。由系统24所施加的拉力对左心室进行了塑型,将腔室壁横向地一起拉近并由此减小了总的最大内部体积。所述拉力防止或限制了在心室舒张期间左心室的扩张超过适于高效心室泵压的形状。然而,在心室舒张期间支撑系统24并未与左心室的正常收缩相互干扰。
图7A-7D所示图6B所示支撑系统24在血管内的配置。或者,也可以采用常规的开放式心脏手术技术或胸腔镜手术技术建立系统24。
在图7A-7D所示的血管内方法中,引导部件28是由引导丝(未示出)通过主动脉瓣向左心室递送的。引导部件28可在荧光镜指导下,例如,通过动脉退行的路径(通过,例如股动脉或锁骨下动脉)(如图所示)或静脉顺行然后横穿隔膜的路径输送至脉管系统。
引导部件28可包括,例如,希望具有不锈钢或能转变方向末端尖端的引导鞘。引导丝可在引导部件28安置和固定之后取出,从而可通过引导部件28引入施力器械20,如图7A所示。图4B还显示了施力器械20通过引导部件28进行配置。
在这种配置中(参见图4B),施力器械20包括在其末端尖端上带有植入物驱动机械装置22的导管30。驱动机械装置22携带有至少一个束缚的植入物10。在由医生操作的,位于手柄34中的马达32驱动机械装置22旋转植入物10。其结果是导致植入物10穿入了心肌层(如图7A所示)。
所希望的是驱动机械装置22的植入力可以某种方式得以分解从而提供位置稳定性,并且防止该驱动机械装置22相对于所述植入位点无意识的运动。所希望的是施加分解力来抵消和/或对抗驱动机械装置22的植入力。所希望的是在血管内腔(或其他中空的身体器官)本身内,且优选地在尽可能靠近植入的位点将一些或全部或主要部分的植入力分解。
可对引导部件28的管状体和/或施力器械20的柄进行尺寸大小和形状的调整,从而拥有足够的裂断强度将血管内腔或中空身体器官内的一些或全部或至少一部分的植入力分解。图7A所示为由对心室壁进行支撑来施加平衡分解力的引导部件28。除此之外,或者,为了在驱动机械装置22或其附近施加平衡力,引导部件28和/或施力器械20可包括某些形式的稳定化装置。在2003年9月24日递交的、题为《具有植入力分解的基于导管的固定器植入装置和方法》(Catheter-BasedFastener Implantation Apparatus and Methods with Implantati on ForceResolution)的同时待决美国专利申请第10/669,881中公开了多种类型的稳定化装置。
引导部件28与其他希望的心肌传递位点相连配置。在每一个位点上,驱动施力器械20放置植入物10。以这种方式(参见图7B),植入物10以希望的空间(诸如放射性或类似于螺旋形的方式)分布于左心室内。
一旦将希望数量的植入物10放置在左心室内,就将施力器械20从引导部件28中取出。将留下的植入物10的束缚元件18集中于并成束穿过引导部件28,如图7B所示。
如图7C所示,夹子-应用器械36也穿过了引导部件28,并在束缚元件18束上进入左心室。束缚元件18作为复合引导丝来引导夹子-应用器械36进入左心室。
一旦进入了左心室,夹子-应用器械36就保持固定,而束缚元件则通过夹子-应用器械36被拉紧(如图7C中的箭头T所示)。由于单个的束缚元件18逐渐拉紧,它们对单独的植入物施加拉力,如图7C所示。这样的话,反过来,就将左心室的壁朝着夹子-应用器械36向内牵拉(作为图7B所示左心房与图7C所示左心房的比较)。一旦达到了希望的心室体积(例如,通过荧光透视法测定的),夹子-应用器械36就向束缚元件施加一个夹子26,将束缚元件18通过拉力集合起来(参见图7D)。夹子-应用器械36在最接近使用夹子26的位置的地方切断束缚元件18束。夹子-应用器械36和松散的束缚18随后通过引导部件28从左心室中取出,还取出了引导部件,如图7D所示。
建立了系统24来支撑左心室,从而治疗在这种情况下的充血性心力衰竭。
应该意识到,系统24的一个或多个植入物10可以与在心脏组织中操纵控制肌肉和/或电活性的装置电耦合。尽管缺乏这种希望的作用,还是希望植入物10不是天然导电的,从而不会与心脏内的电导相互干扰。
C.在心脏瓣膜环处或附近对组织进行支撑的系统和方法
图8A所示为患有充血性心力衰竭的心脏。如图8A所示,这种病症引起了左心室内部体积的膨大,导致了主动脉瓣环的膨胀或伸展。其结果是主动脉小叶在心室收缩的过程中不能适当地闭合。在心室收缩的过程中会发生从左心室进入主动脉的不希望的血液倒流。
图8B所示为通过在左心室内在主动脉瓣环或其邻近区域植入束缚植入物10的系统24来治疗和/或修复这种病症。对固定器的束缚18进行放置并通过夹子26经拉力固定(如图8B中的箭头所示)。如果需要的话,可以使用多个夹子26。由系统24施加的拉力重塑了主动脉瓣环,将小叶牵拉得更紧,从而在心室收缩时闭合完全,防止或降低了倒流。
图9A-9D所示为图8B所示系统24的血管内配置。或者,可以使用常规的开放性心脏手术技术或通过胸腔镜手术技术建立系统24。
图9A-9D所示的血管内方法与前述的图7A-7D所示的方法基本上相同。在荧光镜的导引下,引导部件28可由引导丝通过在主动脉瓣环或邻近其下部的区域穿过主动脉瓣(通过,例如股动脉或锁骨下动脉)或静脉顺行然后横穿隔膜的路线进入左心室。随后取出引导丝,并通过引导部件28引入施力器械20,如图9A所示。
引导部件28在主动脉瓣环下部区域或其邻近与希望的植入物投放位点相邻放置。在每一个位点上,驱动施力器械20放置植入物10。图9A所示为由对心室壁进行支撑来施加平衡分解力的引导部件28。以这种方式(参见图9B),植入物10以希望的方式分布于主动脉瓣环下部区域或其邻近。将植入物10的束缚元件集合并成束穿过引导部件28到达体外。
一旦将希望数量的植入物10放置在主动脉瓣环或其附近,就将施力器械20取出,并且夹子-应用器械36也穿过了引导部件28,并包在束缚元件18束之外进入左心室(参见图9C)。束缚元件18作为复合引导丝来引导夹子-应用器械36进入左心室。
一旦夹子-应用器械36就位,就将束缚元件18拉紧。随着拉紧程度的增加,束缚元件18就对单个植入物10施加拉力,如图9C中的箭头所示。这样的话,反过来,就将左心室壁在主动脉瓣环的区域朝着夹子-应用器械36向内牵拉。主动脉瓣小叶也被牵拉得更加集中,形成了更适于闭合的几何形状。夹子-应用器械36向束缚元件18施加一个夹子26,将束缚元件经拉力集合起来(参见图9D)。夹子-应用器械36在最接近使用夹子26的位置的地方切断束缚元件18束,并且将夹子-应用器械36和松散的束缚18取出。随后还取出了引导部件,如图9D所示。
建立了系统24来重塑主动脉瓣环,从而治疗在这种情况下的充血性心力衰竭和/或通过主动脉瓣的倒流。系统24还可以用来治疗通过任意其它心脏瓣膜,例如二尖瓣的倒流。
应该意识到,系统24的一个或多个植入物10可以与在心脏组织中操纵控制肌肉和/或电活性的装置电耦合。尽管缺乏这种希望的作用,还是希望植入物10不是天然导电的,从而不会与心脏内的电导相互干扰。
II.产生组织折叠的植入物
A.概述
图10B所示为含有至少一个图4A中束缚的植入物的组织折叠系统38。植入物10与其它植入物40组合使用,其采用图4B所示植入物形式,但不需要包括束缚元件18。将植入物10和40以空间-分隔的形式植入中空身体器官或血管(在图10B所示的左心室内)的组织壁中。植入物10的束缚元件18与植入物40紧密连接并通过夹具42保持拉力,从而在植入物10和40之间的组织区域内形成了折叠或缝摺44。正如图10A所示的左心室—在组织折叠系统38建立之前--和图10B所示的左心室—在组织折叠系统38建立之后的比较所证明的,折叠44的存在降低了中空身体器官或血管的总内部体积。植入物10和40的数量以及所形成的折叠44的数量可随着靶组织体积的尺寸和几何形状,以及体积降低目标的变化而变化。
可在身体的多个部分建立上述组织折叠系统38并用于多种治疗目的。
B.定义分离组织折叠的系统和方法
图10B所示的实施方案包括建立一个或多个离散的折叠44来例如治疗和/或修复充血性心力衰竭。可以采用多种方法来实现组织折叠系统38。
图11A-11D包括通常如图10B所示的在左心室内系统38在血管内的配置。或者,也可以采用常规的开放式心脏手术技术或胸腔镜手术技术建立所述系统38。还可以通过开放式的手术技术或血管内通道在身体内的其他中空身体器官或血管中配置系统38。
在进入左心室的血管内方法中,如图11A-11D所示,可通过引导部件28以如图7A所示的通过主动脉的方式(通过,例如股动脉或锁骨下动脉)或静脉顺行然后横穿隔膜的路线引入施力器械20。施力器械20能配置至少一个束缚的植入物10(如图11A所示)。取出施力器械20来接受植入物40,然后使用如图11B所示的作为引导丝的第一植入物10的束缚元件18,将其重新配置到邻近的组织区域。当对植入物40进行配置时,植入物10的束缚元件18受滑动限制或可穿过植入物40,如图11B所示。将施力器械20从引导部件28中取出,同时还有穿过引导部件28的植入物10的束缚元件18。
如图11C所示,夹子-应用器械36也穿过了引导部件28,并包围在束缚元件18之外直到组织位点上。将夹子-应用器械36保持不动,与此同时将束缚元件18通过夹子-应用器械36来拉紧(参见图11C)。束缚元件18在植入物10和40之间施加拉力,将植入物10和40牵拉到一起从而系紧中间组织。中间组织本身进行折叠,并产生了折叠44,如图11C所示。夹子-应用器械36施加了一个夹具42来保持拉力以及所得的折叠44(参见图11D)。夹子-应用器械36在最接近使用夹子42的位置的地方切断了束缚元件18。夹子-应用器械36随后通过引导部件28取出,还取出了引导部件,如图11D所示。
或者,可以与夹具42组合,植入物10和40可以包括通过将束缚元件18拉紧形成配合的互锁结构部件46(参见图12)。在其他实施方案中(未显示),通过将束缚元件拉紧使其最接近之后,可向互锁元件10和40施加分离的桥接元件。部件46之间的配合保持了植入物10和40的相对位置,从而保持了组织拉力和所得的折叠44。在这种方式中,可部分地安装植入物40,且施加于束缚元件18的拉力可将植入物10和40相互牵拉,从而产生所需要的折叠44。然后可完成植入物40的安装,从而将部件46带入互锁配合中。
如图13A-13C所示,在向束缚元件18施加拉力之后,植入物10和40之间的间隔可由在植入物10和40之间所使用的柔软的、可收缩的管子48来控制。在这种方式中,当收缩时,管子48的长度是预定的,从而反映了当拉伸时植入物10和40之间所希望的间隔。如图13A所示,在配置完植入物10之后,管子48是以包围在束缚元件18之外未收缩的状态进行引导。通过施力器械20以前述的方式对植入物40进行了配置,从而将管子48(未收缩的)放置于植入物10和40之间,如图13B所示。然后,如前所述,使用夹子-应用器械将束缚元件18拉紧,将管子48收缩到其预定的长度—抵抗任何进一步的系紧---在这一点上使用夹具42,得到了系统38,如图13C所示。或者,也可以在两种植入物10和40之间使用不可收缩的管子作为间隔物。
在前述实施方案中,使用了单个束缚元件18在携带束缚元件18的植入物10和不携带束缚元件18的另一植入物40之间施加拉力。或者,如图14A和14B所示,可以配置各自都具有束缚元件18的两个植入物10。在这一实施方案中,夹子-应用器械36是在两个束缚元件18之外进行引导的,因此可对每一个束缚元件18施加单独的拉力。夹子-应用器械36将束缚元件18上紧(如图14B所示),产生了折叠44。夹子-应用器械36随后使用了夹具42,来将两个单独的束缚元件18拉紧,形成了系统38。
以前述的任意方式可以建立系统38来减少心脏腔室的内部体积,来治疗在这种情况下受充血性心力衰竭影响的左心室。
在植入物10和40之间的区域,束缚元件18可以是具有弹性的和/或具有刚性常数和/或有形的和/或挠性的。这种材料特征能够帮助最小化或抑制对于系统38的峰负载状况,尤其是当该组织区域是动态时,比如心脏组织的情况。
1.使用覆盖修补部件进行组织折叠
如图15A所示,组织折叠系统38可包括由植入物56固定的修补部件50来跨越组织折叠44。修补部件50在系统28内将力量分散从而维持了折叠44。
当安装后,修补部件50包括有相对平坦的框架,或者假体材料片,或其组合。修补材料是根据其生物相容性、耐用性和柔性机械性质进行选择的。修补材料可包括聚合材料或金属材料,例如,聚酯,或ePTFE,或具有延展性的塑料或金属材料,或类似
Figure C200580009570D0022145722QIETU
丝的自我伸展的塑料或金属材料。例如,通过使用类似SpandexTM材料或具有弹性的腰带的可伸展材料和/或织物/编结物,希望修补材料能拥有一些弹性。还希望修补材料能抵抗扩张。所述材料可以使用诸如肝素的药物包衣或包。
对修补部件50进行所需要的尺寸大小和形状的调整从而允许通过血管内导管进行假体的非侵入性放置。在这方面,对修补部件50进行所需要的尺寸大小和形状的调整从而采取一种压缩或折叠的低轮廓的状态,允许通过导管向中空身体器官内进行血管内导入。类似地,为了与覆盖折叠44的组织相接触,对修补部件50进行所需要的尺寸大小和形状的调整,从折叠的状态原位张开成扩展的状态。
修补部件50带有辐射透不过的标记从而通过荧光协助性地对其进行定位。所述标记可以是,例如,由钛、钛/铱,或金的辐射透不过材料制成的标记带,紧密绕线线圈,或丝的形式。
图15B所示为使用通过血管内途径放置导管58对修补部件50进行递送的代表性实施方案。导管58携带有折叠状态的修补部件50。—旦被放置于折叠44的位置上,修补部件50就可以在锥形的引导元件60上从导管58的末端向外释放。
引导元件60包括具有眼62的丝。在说明性的实施方案中,通过可松开的缝合处64,将眼62紧密结合于修复部分50。缝合线64,例如,包括穿过了每个眼62和修补部件50的环。缝合环末端伸展至导管58的近端。从缝合环的一端进行牵拉可将缝合线64从眼62中拉出,从而释放修补部件50。
每当以开放和拉紧的方式完成释放时,都希望引导元件60(和/或修补部件50本身)是有偏向的,从而对修补部件50进行固定,如图15B所示。修补部件50放置于折叠44之上。使用固定器56将修补部件50的周边附着于组织上。如图15B所示,之前所述的施力器械20可以配置在引导元件上,从而将固定器56应用于修补部件50。或者,施力器械29可以独立于引导元件60进行配置。
应该意识到,系统38的一个或多个植入物10和/或40,或与修补部件50相连的植入物56,可以与在心脏组织中操纵控制肌肉和/或电活性的装置电耦合。尽管缺乏这种希望的作用,还是希望植入物10和/或40,或修补部件50不是天然导电的,从而不会与心脏内的电导相互干扰。
C.限定组织折叠模式的系统和方法
1.概述
如图16A和16B所示,组织折叠系统52可包括在中空身体器官内以预定的形式或阵列排列的多个折叠44。折叠44以环状形式排列于组织区域的周围。通过将至少一个束缚的植入物10(如图4A所示)与多个其它植入物40(不需要束缚的)相连放置形成折叠44。束缚元件18将相邻植入物之间的组织系紧,同时夹具54保持了束缚元件18间的拉力。如图16A所示,所得的相邻折叠44的模式产生了一个周围都受牵引,如荷包口缝合的方式缝合的组织区域。如图16B所示,系统52可用来在给定的中空身体器官中建立基本上将中空身体的一个区域与另一区域分离或缝合的限制。
可在身体的多个部分建立上述系统52并用于多种治疗目的。出于说明性的目的对两种实施方案进行描述。第一种实施方案旨在对例如,心房纤维性颤动的治疗中对心耳进行隔离或缝合。第二种实施方案旨在对组织中的孔、洞或缺损,例如,心房或心室的隔膜缺损进行修复。
2.心耳的分离和密封
出于说明性目的,图17A所示为心房的两个天然解剖部分(在此为左心房的)--即心耳(也称为耳状心耳)和心房的剩余部分(也称为窦)。图17B所示为在心房中建立的组织折叠系统52。系统52包括多个环形的折叠44(参见图17C),其基本上将左心耳从心房中分离或缝合起来。在这种方式中,可以使用例如,系统52来防止在心耳中血液静止区域的形成,其是作为在例如经过心房纤维性颤动的治疗后,心房收缩性降低的功能紊乱的结果。
如图17B和17C所示,系统52包括至少一个与多个其它植入物40(不需要束缚的)相连的束缚的植入物10。植入物10和40被植入于心耳和心房窦之间相对限定的天然结合部分或其附近。植入物10和40是以与这一结合部分的周围空间间隔开,呈环状的关系进行植入的。
植入物10的束缚元件18与相邻的植入物40紧密联合,其反过来再与其相邻的植入物40紧密联合,如此循环下去。相邻植入物之间的紧密联合产生了折叠44。相邻环形植入物顺序之间的紧密联合在天然结合周围产生了相邻方式的折叠44。
束缚元件18—顺序与植入物10和40紧密相连—是由夹具54通过张力维持的。系统52将结合牵拉至一起,由此基本上将心耳闭合防止与心室的剩余部分血流交换。系统52中植入物10和40的数量和方式会随着需要隔离和封闭的靶结合的尺寸和几何形状变化而变化。
可以通过开放性的手术技术或血管内途径,使用之前所述的器械和方法,配置系统52来对心耳进行封闭或分隔。
应该意识到,可将类似图15A所示的修补部件50配置于通过系统52形成的折叠44之上。还应该意识到,系统52的一个或多个植入物10和/或40可以与在心脏组织中操纵控制肌肉和/或电活性的装置电耦合。尽管缺乏这种预期的作用,还是希望植入物10和/或40不是天然导电的,从而不会与心脏内的电导相互干扰。
3.封闭洞、孔或缺陷
出于说明性目的,图18A所示为由例如,疾病,损伤或遗传缺陷引起的穿孔的组织区域。图18B所示为在所述组织区域穿孔位置或附近建立的组织折叠系统52。系统52包括多个环形的折叠44,其基本上以荷包缝合方式将组织牵拉到一起,从而闭合所述穿孔。系统52可用来,例如,封闭心房或心室中的隔膜缺陷,或者在身体的其他区域发生穿孔、洞或缺陷时对其进行封闭。
如图18B所示的系统52基本上与图17B和17C所示的52一样。系统52包括至少一个与多个其它植入物40相连的束缚的植入物10。植入物10和40是以与所述穿孔的周围空间间隔开,呈环状的关系进行植入的。植入物10的束缚元件18与相邻的植入物40紧密联合,其反过来再与其相邻的植入物40紧密联合,如此循环下去,产生了在所述穿孔附近相邻的折叠44。束缚元件18—顺序与植入物10和40紧密相连—是由夹具54通过张力维持的。系统52将穿孔周围的组织牵拉至一起,由此将其闭合,或至少降低其天然直径。
系统52中植入物10和40的数量和方式会随着需要隔离和封闭的靶结合的尺寸和几何形状变化而变化。此外,可以通过开放性的手术技术或血管内途径,使用之前所述的器械和方法,配置系统52来对组织中穿孔、洞的缺陷进行封闭。
应该意识到,一旦给定了穿孔、洞或缺陷的尺寸,就可以使用类似如图10B所示的分离的系统38将所述穿孔区域的组织牵拉至一起,从而对其进行修补。还应该意识到,类似于如图15A所示的修补部件50可用来配置于通过系统52或58修补的组织位点上方。
在一个实施方案中(参见图28),可对修补部件50进行尺寸大小和形状的调整从而覆盖分散的穿孔,例如心脏中的瓣膜缺陷,而不与组织折叠系统52或58相关。在这种方式中(参见图28),修补部件50包括,例如,小体部分66和茎部分68。在使用中,茎部分68占据了穿孔、洞或缺损(例如,如图29A和29B所示)来对所述位点进行牵拉。小体部分66从茎部分68像“翅膀”一样地伸出,来与相邻位点的壁组织接触和定位。
图29A和29B所示为在图28中所示的安装于覆盖心脏左右心室之间瓣膜缺陷的修补部件50。如图29A和29B所示,希望固定器56可用于将小体部分66锚定于相邻的壁组织上。可以通过开放性的手术技术或血管内途径,使用之前所述的器械和方法,配置图29A和29B中所示的修补部件50来封闭组织中缺损的穿孔和洞。
在前述心脏的适应症中,希望植入物10和/或40,修补部件50及其相连的固定器56不是天然导电的,从而不会与心脏内的电导相互干扰。
III.在中空身体器官内对组织进行外在支撑的假体
A.概述
图19A-19F所示为假体70的多种说明性实施方案,对其进行尺寸大小和形状的调整从而放置于中空身体器官之内或中空身体器官的外部(例如,分别参见图20A和20B)。假体70具有基于所述中空身体器官的解剖学和形态学制成的具有与其尺寸和形状的小体72。当放置于中空身体器官或其附近时,假体小体72的尺寸和形状对组织进行了限制,以达到希望治疗结果的方式对所述中空身体器官的最大尺寸和形状进行调节。然而,希望假体小体72不会与该中空身体器官的收缩相如干扰使得尺寸和形状进一步缩小。
小体72可包括完全成形的三维结构,如图19A-19D所示。或者,小体72可包括如图19E所示的部件(A,B,C),其可原位组装形成组合体结构。部件A,B和C可以相邻关系进行末端-末端的组装,或者部件A,B和C可以重叠关系进行组装。在图19E中,部件A,B和C包括箍,碗或截柱,其可以进行轴向组装。或者,正如之后将详细描述地,所述部件可包括以末端-末端或以重叠关系组装在一起的修补部件(类似于图15A所示)。或者,小体72还可以包括片状结构,如图19F所示,其可以原位卷曲形成复合的三维体结构。小体72还可以包括与相互连接的铰链或弹簧(spring)耦合在一起的部件。应该意识到多种结构构象是可能的。
在说明性的实施方案中,小体72包括假体材料74。假体材料74是根据其生物相容性,耐用性和柔性机械性质进行选择的。材料74可包括,例如,织制的聚酯或ePTFE。希望修补材料拥有一些弹性,例如,通过使用类似SpandexTM材料或具有弹性的腰带的可伸展材料和/或织物/编结物。还希望假体材料74拥有限制性的扩展能力或对增加其快速扩展的抵抗能力。假体材料74可以在其内表面使用诸如肝素的药物进行包衣或包埋。或者,假体材料74可以是相对非适应性的,但可通过随着揉皱、折叠等方式沿着该假体的其余部分进行压缩。假体材料74还可包括聚合或金属网格结构。
在说明性的实施方案中,假体材料74是由类脚手架结构76进行支撑的。应该意识到,然而,假体材料74也可以不具有类脚手架结构76,或者,反之,类脚手架结构76可以不具有假体材料74。
所希望的是对假体材料74和/或类脚手架结构76进行尺寸大小和形状的调整从而允许通过血管内导管的方式进行非侵入性的假体放置。考虑到这种标准,对假体材料74和/或类脚手架结构76进行尺寸大小和形状的调整从而采取一种压缩或折叠的低分布状态,允许通过导管向中空身体器官内进行血管内导入。还考虑到这种标准,为了从折叠的状态原位扩张为扩展的状态与靶区域组织相接触,可对假体材料74和/或类脚手架结构76进行尺寸大小和形状的调整。
在这方面,如果存在的话,类脚手架结构76可以包括,例如,在施加外力的情况下能够扩展的有延展性的塑料或金属材料。在这种方式中,放置导管可包括,例如,扩张体,例如气球,来向类脚手架结构76原位地施加扩展力。或者,如果存在的话,类脚手架结构76可以包括自我扩展的塑料或金属材料(例如,来自
Figure C200580009570D0022145722QIETU
丝),其能够在存在外力的时候压缩,而在去除了压缩力之后自我扩展。在这种情况下,放置导管可包括,例如,套子,可对其进行操作将类脚手架结构76以压缩状态封闭在内由此施加压缩力,并当希望允许类脚手架结构76原位自我扩展时释放类脚手架结构76。
类脚手架结构76可以采取多种其他形式,其中一些可以说明性的目的表示出来。类脚手架结构76可以包括纵向伸展的中心,其形成了如图19A所示的类似伞的结构。或者,类脚手架结构76可以包括之字型伸张的环形物(图19B),其可以是独立的或者是一个接另一个互联的,或者是其组合;或者是螺旋型卷曲伸张的支持物(图19C);或者是编织的或十字形方式。类脚手架结构76不需要一直出现在体72中;换言之,小体72可包括含有类脚手架结构76的区域和未包括类脚手架结构76的区域。类脚手架结构76可以,例如,缝制于假体材料74上。也可以采用其他附着方式将类脚手架结构76紧密固定于假体材料74上。这些方法包括结合;将类脚手架结构76俘获于两层假体材料74之间;以及将类脚手架结构76直接整合于假体材料74中。类脚手架结构76可以存在于假体小体72的内部,或存在于假体小体72的外部,或存在于假体小体72之内,或其组合。所希望的是,暴露于血流或体液的假体70的表面是相对光滑的从而使液体的湍流最小化。
假体小体72可以携带辐射透不过的标记从而协助对假体进行荧光定位。所述标记可以是,例如,由钛、钛/铱,或金的辐射透不过材料制成的标记带,紧密绕线线圈,或丝的形式。
图20A和20B所示为安装于靶中空身体器官内(图20A)或靶中空身体器官周围(图20B)的假体70。至少有部分的假体外表面用诸如胶或药物,或诸如倒钩或钩子的结构包被,从而增强与所述中空的身体器官的附着或连接。
假体70的结构强度可以抵抗整体组织壁的伸展超过由假体小体72所限定的最大尺寸和形状。以这种方式,假体小体72规定了所述身体器官的最大尺寸和形状。然而,假体小体72并不与所述中空身体器官的收缩成更小的尺寸和形状相互干扰。
如图20A和20B所示,希望假体小体72可以容纳引入一个或多个固定器56从而在原位锚定假体70。出于这一目的,可对假体小体72的区域进行特别的尺寸大小和形状的调整从而对固定器进行容纳和保持。例如,可在所述区域对类脚手架结构76的尺寸和间隔进行调整来特异性地容纳固定器56的放置;和/或在所述区域可使用具有“X-图案”或“正弦图案”的编织纤维来特异性地容纳固定器56的放置;和/或可将所述假体材料折叠形成多层来增强放置固定器56区域的假体;和/或可使用更密的编织图案或更强韧的纤维,选自,例如KevlarTM材料或VectranTM材料或金属丝在放置固定器56的区域单独编织或与常见的聚酯纤维交织。还希望的是使用辅助性的辐射透不过的标记在假体材料14上,和/或在类脚手架结构76上荧光指明所述区域,从而帮助固定器56的定位。
固定器56可以多种方式构造。其可以是,例如,包括订书钉或(如图所示)类似于图4A所示的情况,但没有束缚元件18的螺旋固定器。
上述的假体70可以安装于身体的多个部分并用于多种治疗目的。出于说明性目的对两种实施方案进行描述。第一种实施方案旨在为了治疗和/或修复充血性心力衰竭从而在心脏腔室内进行植入。第二种实施方案旨为了心脏瓣膜重塑从而在心脏瓣膜环内进行植入。
B.在心脏腔室内对组织进行支撑的系统和方法
图21所示为上述安装于心脏左心室内的假体70。由于充血性心力衰竭的影响导致了左心室的膨大。如图21所示,希望使用固定器56将假体紧密固定于心室壁。
假体70的存在可将左心室塑造成所希望的方式,横向地将腔室壁牵拉靠近在一起并由此降低总的最大内部体积。假体70的存在抵抗了左心室在心室舒张过程中进一步膨大,并且提供了更适于高效心室泵压的形状。然而,在心室舒张的过程中,假体70的存在并未与左心室的收缩相互干扰。
在这种实施方案中,希望假体70不是天然导电的,从而不会与心脏内的电导相互干扰。
图22A-22D所示为图21所示假体70的血管内配置。或者,可以使用常规的开放性心脏手术技术或通过胸腔镜手术技术安装假体70。
在图22A-22D所示的血管内方法中,第一导管78是由引导丝80引导通过主动脉瓣进入左心室的(参见图22A)。第一导管78可以在荧光镜指导下,例如,通过动脉退行的路线(通过,例如股动脉或锁骨下动脉)(如图所示)或静脉顺行然后横穿隔膜的路线,输送至脉管系统。
第一导管78携带有放射状缩少或折叠构型的假体70。一旦到达左心室内部(参见图22B),第一导管78就释放出假体70,其最终放射性扩展至图21所示的构型。随后将第一导管78从引导丝80外周取出。
引导部件28(如前所述)是通过引导丝80(随后也将其取出)(参见图22C)递送的并对应用了固定器56的每个区域进行调整。如图22C所示,且也可见于图4B,通过引导部件28导入施力器械20(如前所述)。在这种实施方案中,施力器械20携带有图4A所示普通类型,没有束缚元件18的螺旋固定器56。施力器械20使固定器56旋转,导致其穿入心肌层。
如图22D所示,将引导部件28重新放置从而与每个固定器56希望的附着位点相毗邻。在每个位点上,开动施力器械20放置固定器56。图22C和22D所示为引导部件28对心室壁进行支撑从而对植入力施加平衡分解力。以这种方式,可以应用具有所希望方式的固定器56,将假体70紧密固定于左心室,如图21所示。随后取出施力器械20和引导部件28。
安装假体70对左心室进行塑型从而在这种情况下治疗充血性心力衰竭。
在其他实施方案中,对假体70进行尺寸大小和形状的调整从而含有液体,例如,盐水或血液。例如,假体70可携带液体接受管或袋。液体的递送导致了所述管或袋有所扩张,由此扩大了假体70所占据的体积。因此,减少了心脏腔室内可使用的内部体积。
图23所示为其他的实施方案,其中上述假体70安装于遭受充血性心力衰竭的心脏心室外围。可使用常规的开放式心脏手术技术或胸腔镜技术安装假体70。
如图23所示,所希望的是使用固定器56将假体70紧密固定于心室外壁。使用血管内方法和刚才所描述的技术可在心脏内应用固定器56。假体70的存在可对心室进行塑型,减少其总最大内部体积。假体70的存在还防止了心室进一步膨大,并且提供了更适于高效心室泵压的形状。然而,并不希望假体70的存在会与心室的收缩相互干扰从而使得体积进一步缩小。
图24A和24B所示为含有两个或更多修补部件50的阵列的假体系统82,如参照图15A的之前的描述。在图24A和24B中,中空身体器官包括心脏的左心室,但应该意识到系统82也可以建立在其他身体器官内。在这种实施方案中,每一个修补部件50都通过一个或多个固定器56独立地与中空身体器官中的局部组织区域连接。修补部件50以重叠的阵列放置(参见图24B),但阵列并不需要重叠。图24A所示为引导部件28对心室壁进行支撑从而对植入力施加平衡分解力。使用多个修补部件50,系统82可以在中空身体器官的整个内部形成复合的假体,或者,可选择地,系统82可以形成仅占据一部分整个内部的假体从而提供局部的组织塑型。尽管未示出,还应该意识到修补部件50的系统82可以安装在中空身体器官的外部。
含有不连续修补部件50的阵列的系统82可以对全部或部分心室进行塑型,从而防止心室进一步膨大并提供更适于高效心室泵压的形状。然而,并不希望假体70的存在会与心室的收缩相互干扰使得体积进一步缩小。
之前在图19-24中所示的假体70和假体系统82可以单独或与图10-15中所示和描述的组织折叠系统组合使用,以及与图5-10描述和所示的组织支撑系统组合使用。此外,之前所述的植入物10和/或40可以与单个的修补部件50联合植入,也可以与排列成旨在保护下层组织免受磨损和为植入物10/40和组织之间提供顺应性排列的修补部件50联合植入。同样,用来使给定的假体与任意组织壁紧密固定的固定器56(例如,如图21或23所示)可以与单独的修补部件50联合应用,而与这种排列的修补部件50联合应用能够保护假体70免受由于固定器56的磨擦,并提供固定器56和假体70之间的顺应性。
C.在心脏瓣膜环内或其附近对组织进行支撑的系统和方法
图25所示为假体70,其中对假体小体72进行尺寸大小和形状的调整使其成环,来用于被放置心脏瓣膜环中。假体小体72可以是连续环或不连续环的形式。以这种方式,可将假体小体72以需要的尺寸和形状预成形从而仿效健康、天然环的形状。假体小体72由此能够对经历了膨胀的环进行塑型,并防止进一步的膨胀。希望假体小体72能够对环进行塑型从而产生正常的小叶闭合,和/或防止或减少通过所述瓣膜的倒流。
在这种实施方案中,小体72包括促进组织向内生长的假体材料74,从而帮助将假体70固定于环或其附近的组织上。在这种实施方案中,希望假体小体72的材料不是天然导电的,从而不会与心脏内的电导相互干扰。
如前所述,本实施方案中的假体小体72也需要进行尺寸大小和形状的调整从而允许其能够通过血管内导管进行非侵入性的放置。或者,然而,可以使用常规的开放式心脏手术技术或胸腔镜手术技术安装假体小体72。
在这种方式中,希望假体小体72包括孔眼区域84从而接受固定器56,由此假体70可以紧密固定于靶心脏瓣膜环或其附近的组织。
出于说明目的,图26A所示为安装于二尖瓣环或其附近的假体70。出于说明目的,图26B所示为安装于主动脉瓣环或其附近的假体70。假体70可以连接于心室内主动脉瓣或其附近(如图26B所示)或在心室外在主动脉内主动脉瓣或其附近。
如图27所示,假体小体72可以由图15B所示的导管58通过血管内途经递送。导管58携带有折叠状态的假体小体72。一旦定位于目标心脏环,假体小体72就可以在引导元件60上从导管58的末端释放出来。引导元件60包括具有眼62的丝,其通过可释放的缝合线64可释放地固定于假体小体72的孔眼区域84,如前所述。一旦将假体放置并定位,就可以使用固定器56将假体小体连接于环,并随后释放缝合线64从而将假体小体72从导管58中释放出来。如图15B所示,可将前述的施力器械20配置于引导元件60之上,或者施力器械20可以与引导元件相互独立配置(如图27所示),从而将固定器56应用于孔眼区域。
在之前图25-27中所示和所描述的假体70可以单独使用或与图8和9中所描述和所示的组织支撑系统组合使用。
图32所示为由可折叠类脚手架结构102形成的具有一般圆柱形的心脏瓣膜组件100。如图所示,类脚手架结构102携带有假体材料104,尽管结构102可以不含有假体材料104。如前所示,考虑到假体70,对心脏瓣膜组件100的假体材料104和/或类脚手架结构102进行了尺寸大小和形状的调整从而达到预期的压缩或折叠的低分布状态,从而允许通过导管向中空身体器官内进行血管内导入。同样如之前所讨论的,对假体材料104和/或类脚手架结构102进行尺寸大小和形状的调整从而进行扩张,以及优选的自我扩张,从折叠的状态原位形成扩张状态与目标区域的组织相接触。例如,类脚手架结构102可包含自我扩张的可在受力情况下压缩,但在去除压力之后自我扩张的塑料或金属材料(例如,来自
Figure C200580009570D0022145722QIETU
丝)。如图所示,类脚手架结构102可包含之字型伸张的环形物。
心脏瓣膜组件100包括柔软的瓣膜构件106。在说明实施方案中,瓣膜构件包括三个、闭合的小叶108,尽管小叶108的数量可以在例如,两个到四个之间变化。
在使用时(参见图33),瓣膜组件100安装于心脏瓣膜环或其附近。在图33中,靶心脏瓣膜环是主动脉瓣。所希望的是,如图33所示,瓣膜组件100能容纳引入一个或多个固定器56在其安装过程期间或之后来原位地锚定所述组件100。
正如之前参照假体70的描述,可对类脚手架结构102和/或假体材料104的区域进行具体的尺寸大小和形状的调整来接纳和维持固定器56。固定器56可以多种方式构造。其可以是,例如,包括钩环或(如图所示)类似于图4A所示的情况,但没有束缚元件18的螺旋固定器。
上述的瓣膜组件100可通过血管内方法安装于心脏瓣膜环的区域内。然而,还应该意识到,可以使用开放式的手术过程来安装部件100。
使用血管内方法(参见图34A),可首先将部件100折叠和/或压缩至贯通-血管(trans-vascular)导管110的腔中进行递送来放置部件100。如果左边心脏通路需要外周血管通路,导管110可以通过动脉退行的路线(通过,例如股动脉或锁骨下动脉)(如图34所示)或静脉顺行然后横穿隔膜的路线,先行通过脉管系统进入到心脏。使用标准的可获得的引导丝112和/或引导鞘能够协助操作人员将导管110递送并放置到位。
瓣膜组件100随后被推出导管110的腔(如图34B所示)。当原位释放时,部件100自我伸展成所需要的形状和张力状态(如图34C所示)。当瓣膜组件100部分或完全伸展之后,抽出导管110,并通过引导丝112递送引导部件28(如前所述)。将引导部件28对应用了固定器56的每一个区域进行调整。通过引导部件28引入施力器械20(如前所述),如图34C所示。
施力器械20携带有螺旋固定器56。施力器械20使固定器56旋转,导致其穿入心肌层。图34C所示为引导部件28对动脉壁进行支撑从而对植入力施加平衡分解力。对引导部件28重新放置从而与每个固定器56希望的附着位点相毗邻。在每个位点上,开动施力器械20放置固定器56。以这种方式,固定器56以所希望的方式得以应用,从而将瓣膜组件100紧密固定在靶心脏瓣膜环或其附近。随后取出施力器械20和引导部件28。
安装瓣膜组件100来对天然心脏瓣膜进行修复或替换、或补充。
在之前图32-34所示和描述的瓣膜组件100可以单独使用或与图8和9中所描述和所示的组织支撑系统组合使用。
IV.在中空身体器官内对组织进行内在支撑的植入物
图30A和30B所示为进行了尺寸大小和形状调整的适于放置于中空身体器官内的植入物86。植入物86包括由成形的塑料或金属或陶瓷材料制成的适于植入身体的延长的小体88。
小体88可具有常规的笔直或线性构型,如图30A所示。或者,小体88可具有曲线构型,如30B所示。如图30A和30B所示,小体88具有螺旋型卷曲构型。
小体88包括远端区域90。可对远端区域90进行尺寸大小和形状的调整从而穿入组织。
小体88还包括近端区域92。如图30A和30B所示,近端区域92包含L-型的支架。与图4A所示L-型支架16相类似,图30A和30B所示的L-型支架92希望将卷曲小体88的整个内部直径一分为二。如前所述,L-型支架92可用作防止卷曲小体88旋转时穿入组织过于深入的限位器。此外,可对施力器械20上的可旋转植入物驱动机械装置22进行尺寸大小和形状的调整(如图4B所示)来与L-型支架92配合,并且对卷曲小体88施加旋转从在组织中完成植入。
对小体88及其远端端区域90进行尺寸大小和形状的调整从而将其植入或部分地植入中空身体器官的组织中。图30A所示的线性小体88可在组织中纵向地或圆周的运动,如图31所示。图30B所示的曲线小体88可退出组织并通过蜿蜒的路径中再次进入组织,亦如图31所示。当植入时,植入物86抵抗了中空身体器官内部的扩张。然而,所希望的是植入物86并不会与所述中空身体器官的收缩相互干扰使得其内部体积进一步降低。
出于说明目的,图31所示为植入心脏左心室的植入物86。植入物86的存在防止了由于,例如,充血性心力衰竭引起的心脏腔室扩张。当然,植入物86也可移植入其它中空的身体器官,并且获得可比较的治疗效果。
类似于之前所述的植入物10,可使用前述的器械和技术通过血管内放置来安装图30A和30B所示的植入物86。或者,可使用常规的开放式心脏手术技术或通过胸腔镜技术安装植入物86。
在诸多上述基于导管的植入技术中,用来将给定的假体放置与组织接触的导管通常都在放置固定器之前被操纵离开了假体。如果需要的话,导管和假体可以在固定过程中保持偶合在一起。以这种方式,可以在直到固定过程以及在固定过程中保持对假体的控制。
在对本发明的说明书和实施进行思考之后,本发明的其他实施方案和用途对本领域所属技术人员而言是显而易见的。应该理解本说明书和实施例是示例性,且仅是对关键技术;特征和原理进行说明,而并非对其进行限制。本发明的真正范围和精神是由以下权利要求定义的。正如本领域所属技术人员容易理解地,可在以下权利要求定义的本发明范围之内对每个公开的实施方案进行变化和修改。

Claims (8)

1.支撑中空身体器官内组织的系统,包括:
经过尺寸大小和形状的调整从而放置于中空身体器官内部用于调节中空身体器官尺寸大小和/或形状的假体组件,该假体组件包括第一假体部件和与第一假体部件分隔开的第二假体部件,所述第一和第二假体部件各自包括脚手架结构和被该脚手架结构支撑的假体材料,所述脚手架结构和/或假体材料经尺寸大小和形状的调整从而采取折叠状态,从而允许通过导管向所述中空身体器官内进行导入,及原位扩张为扩展的状态与组织接触,所述第一和第二假体部件经相互进行尺寸大小和形状的调整,从而在扩展的状态时以相邻重叠的关系原位组装在一起而形成组合假体结构,所述第一和第二假体部件包括经过尺寸大小和形状的调整从而用于容纳螺旋固定器的特定区域,所述螺旋固定器用于将所述第一和第二假体部件以组装的相邻重叠的关系锚定于组织,形成组合假体结构,
螺旋固定器,其各自包括尖锐的远端区域,该远端区域通过施用植入力从而配置入组织中,
施力器械,其用于将螺旋固定器递送至中空身体器官的内部,并用于施加植入力从而将螺旋固定器配置入组织中第一与第二假体部件的特定区域,从而固定中空身体器官的组合假体结构,和
引导部件,所述施力器械通过该引导部件而导入,该引导部件经过尺寸大小和形状的调整,从而对中空身体器官的内壁进行支撑,并具有足够的裂断强度,从而施加平衡力由此将中空身体器官内的至少一部分的植入力分解。
2.权利要求1的系统,其中所述引导部件包括能转变方向的末端尖端。
3.权利要求1的系统,其中所述第一和第二假体部件中至少之一包括箍。
4.权利要求1的系统,其中所述第一和第二假体部件中至少之一包括碗。
5.权利要求1的系统,其中所述第一和第二假体部件中至少之一包括截柱。
6.权利要求1的系统,其中所述脚手架结构包括自我扩展的材料。
7.权利要求1的系统,其中所述脚手架结构包括具有延展性的材料。
8.权利要求1的系统,其中所述螺旋固定器各自包括具有内部直径并包含L-型支架的近端区域,所述L-型支架将内部直径一分为二,从而用作防止螺旋固定器穿入组织过于深入的限位器,且其中所述施力器械与L-型支架配合。
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CN1997318A (zh) 2007-07-11
CA2558317A1 (en) 2005-11-03
US20110238088A1 (en) 2011-09-29
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US9023065B2 (en) 2015-05-05
US20050177180A1 (en) 2005-08-11
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US20060287661A1 (en) 2006-12-21
AU2005235108A1 (en) 2005-11-03

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