CH380483A - Verfahren zur Erzeugung von Oxydüberzügen auf Aluminium oder dessen Legierungen - Google Patents
Verfahren zur Erzeugung von Oxydüberzügen auf Aluminium oder dessen LegierungenInfo
- Publication number
- CH380483A CH380483A CH7202659A CH7202659A CH380483A CH 380483 A CH380483 A CH 380483A CH 7202659 A CH7202659 A CH 7202659A CH 7202659 A CH7202659 A CH 7202659A CH 380483 A CH380483 A CH 380483A
- Authority
- CH
- Switzerland
- Prior art keywords
- sep
- aqueous solution
- acid
- sulfuric acid
- iii
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 32
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims description 24
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 23
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 19
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 9
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 13
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title description 13
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 61
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- WXHLLJAMBQLULT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[[6-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]-2-methylpyrimidin-4-yl]amino]-n-(2-methyl-6-sulfanylphenyl)-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxamide;hydrate Chemical compound O.C=1C(N2CCN(CCO)CC2)=NC(C)=NC=1NC(S1)=NC=C1C(=O)NC1=C(C)C=CC=C1S WXHLLJAMBQLULT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- RUTXIHLAWFEWGM-UHFFFAOYSA-H iron(3+) sulfate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[Fe+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O RUTXIHLAWFEWGM-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000360 iron(III) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- AOHAPDDBNAPPIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-Methoxy-4,5-methylenedioxybenzoic acid Chemical compound COC1=CC(C(O)=O)=CC2=C1OCO2 AOHAPDDBNAPPIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008149 soap solution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000021314 Palmitic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Pentadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002888 oleic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011253 protective coating Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- MOODSJOROWROTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N salicylsulfuric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1OS(O)(=O)=O MOODSJOROWROTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 17
- 238000007743 anodising Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 5
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium hydroxide Inorganic materials [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoferriooxy)iron hydrate Chemical compound O.O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[Na+] PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- ZEYKLMDPUOVUCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)benzenesulfonyl chloride Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1=CC=C(Cl)C(S(Cl)(=O)=O)=C1 ZEYKLMDPUOVUCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 B. 1-6 0 / a Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003568 Sodium, potassium and calcium salts of fatty acids Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012459 cleaning agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004043 dyeing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005562 fading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005871 repellent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013024 sodium fluoride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011775 sodium fluoride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013875 sodium salts of fatty acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
- C25D11/02—Anodisation
- C25D11/04—Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C25D11/18—After-treatment, e.g. pore-sealing
- C25D11/24—Chemical after-treatment
- C25D11/246—Chemical after-treatment for sealing layers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
- C25D11/02—Anodisation
- C25D11/04—Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
- C25D11/02—Anodisation
- C25D11/04—Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C25D11/14—Producing integrally coloured layers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
- C25D11/02—Anodisation
- C25D11/04—Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C25D11/18—After-treatment, e.g. pore-sealing
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Treatment Of Metals (AREA)
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
- Preventing Corrosion Or Incrustation Of Metals (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
- Printing Plates And Materials Therefor (AREA)
- Electroplating And Plating Baths Therefor (AREA)
- Cleaning And De-Greasing Of Metallic Materials By Chemical Methods (AREA)
- Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Sealing Battery Cases Or Jackets (AREA)
- ing And Chemical Polishing (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US72809058A | 1958-04-14 | 1958-04-14 | |
| US857562A US3031387A (en) | 1958-04-14 | 1959-12-07 | Anodic oxidation of aluminum |
| US123655A US3098018A (en) | 1958-04-14 | 1961-07-13 | Sealing anodized aluminum |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CH380483A true CH380483A (de) | 1964-07-31 |
Family
ID=27382988
Family Applications (3)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH7202659A CH380483A (de) | 1958-04-14 | 1959-04-14 | Verfahren zur Erzeugung von Oxydüberzügen auf Aluminium oder dessen Legierungen |
| CH1354960A CH394755A (de) | 1958-04-14 | 1960-12-02 | Verfahren zur elektrolytischen Erzeugung von Oxydschutzüberzügen auf Aluminium oder dessen Legierungen |
| CH834862A CH432974A (de) | 1958-04-14 | 1962-07-11 | Verfahren zum Versiegeln der Oberfläche von anodisch oxydierten, gefärbten Aluminiumgegenständen |
Family Applications After (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH1354960A CH394755A (de) | 1958-04-14 | 1960-12-02 | Verfahren zur elektrolytischen Erzeugung von Oxydschutzüberzügen auf Aluminium oder dessen Legierungen |
| CH834862A CH432974A (de) | 1958-04-14 | 1962-07-11 | Verfahren zum Versiegeln der Oberfläche von anodisch oxydierten, gefärbten Aluminiumgegenständen |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (3) | US3031387A (d) |
| BE (2) | BE597275A (d) |
| CH (3) | CH380483A (d) |
| DE (3) | DE1145888B (d) |
| FR (3) | FR1221531A (d) |
| GB (3) | GB850576A (d) |
| NL (6) | NL123241C (d) |
Families Citing this family (28)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NL238065A (d) * | 1958-04-14 | |||
| US3227639A (en) * | 1961-10-24 | 1966-01-04 | Aluminum Co Of America | Method of anodizing aluminum with electrolyte containing sulfophthalic acid |
| US3143485A (en) * | 1961-11-28 | 1964-08-04 | Aluminum Co Of America | Aluminum anodizing |
| NL121366C (d) * | 1962-06-16 | |||
| US3284321A (en) * | 1962-07-19 | 1966-11-08 | Howard A Fromson | Manufacture of aluminum articles with anodized surfaces presenting multicolor effects |
| US3265239A (en) * | 1962-10-23 | 1966-08-09 | American Can Co | Coated metal container |
| US3243362A (en) * | 1963-05-02 | 1966-03-29 | Aluminum Co Of America | Method of anodizing aluminum |
| GB1075634A (en) * | 1963-05-29 | 1967-07-12 | Secr Defence | Electrolytic treatment of titanium surfaces |
| US3280013A (en) * | 1964-06-02 | 1966-10-18 | Aluminum Co Of America | Anodizing electrolyte and process |
| US3370943A (en) * | 1965-11-04 | 1968-02-27 | Kaiser Aluminium Chem Corp | Aluminum alloy |
| CH452310A (de) * | 1965-11-12 | 1968-05-31 | Alusuisse | Elektrolyt zur Erzeugung eigenfarbener, anodischer Oxidschichten auf Aluminium und Aluminiumlegierungen |
| US3669855A (en) * | 1970-01-28 | 1972-06-13 | Kaiser Aluminium Chem Corp | Control of integral color anodizing process |
| US3790208A (en) * | 1972-06-07 | 1974-02-05 | Toyoda Chuo Kenkyusho Kk | Safety belt |
| US4022670A (en) * | 1975-07-16 | 1977-05-10 | Swiss Aluminium Ltd. | Process for preparation of lithographic printing plates |
| FR2335027A1 (fr) * | 1975-12-08 | 1977-07-08 | Traitement Metaux Alliages | Procede d'amelioration des condensateurs electrolytiques |
| US4157941A (en) * | 1977-06-03 | 1979-06-12 | Ford Motor Company | Method of adherency of electrodeposits on light weight metals |
| US4177299A (en) | 1978-01-27 | 1979-12-04 | Swiss Aluminium Ltd. | Aluminum or aluminum alloy article and process |
| CH654853A5 (de) * | 1982-08-07 | 1986-03-14 | Sandoz Ag | Verfahren zum verdichten von anodisch oxydierten aluminiumoberflaechen. |
| JPH0747836B2 (ja) * | 1990-03-02 | 1995-05-24 | ワイケイケイ株式会社 | アルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金材の着色法 |
| US5066368A (en) * | 1990-08-17 | 1991-11-19 | Olin Corporation | Process for producing black integrally colored anodized aluminum components |
| US5288372A (en) * | 1992-07-07 | 1994-02-22 | Alumax Inc. | Altering a metal body surface |
| US6342145B1 (en) | 1999-07-14 | 2002-01-29 | Nielsen & Bainbridge Llc | Process for manufacturing multi-colored picture frames |
| US8007651B2 (en) * | 2005-10-12 | 2011-08-30 | Transys, Llc | Method for preparing thermally transmissive anodized surface and products therefrom |
| US8512872B2 (en) | 2010-05-19 | 2013-08-20 | Dupalectpa-CHN, LLC | Sealed anodic coatings |
| US8609254B2 (en) | 2010-05-19 | 2013-12-17 | Sanford Process Corporation | Microcrystalline anodic coatings and related methods therefor |
| US20130224406A1 (en) * | 2012-02-24 | 2013-08-29 | Htc Corporation | Casing of handheld electronic device and method of manufacturing the same |
| CN113549928B (zh) * | 2020-04-23 | 2022-05-10 | 成都飞机工业（集团）有限责任公司 | 一种铝合金管材清洗剂及工艺方法 |
| CN112354976A (zh) * | 2020-10-14 | 2021-02-12 | 富乐德科技发展（天津）有限公司 | 一种去除阳极氧化铝表面沉积污染物的清洗方法 |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NL64809B (d) * | 1932-05-26 | |||
| DE655700C (de) * | 1935-01-08 | 1938-01-21 | Max Schenk Dr | Verfahren zur Herstellung opaker, emailaehnlicher Schutzschichten auf Aluminium und dessen Legierungen |
| DE657902C (de) * | 1935-12-11 | 1938-03-16 | Schering Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Oxydschichten auf Aluminium |
| NL48557C (d) * | 1935-12-11 | |||
| US2888388A (en) * | 1957-08-26 | 1959-05-26 | Sandoz Ag | Sealing of dyed anodized aluminum |
| NL238065A (d) * | 1958-04-14 |
-
0
- NL NL238065D patent/NL238065A/xx unknown
-
1959
- 1959-04-10 GB GB12242/59A patent/GB850576A/en not_active Expired
- 1959-04-13 NL NL238065A patent/NL123241C/xx active
- 1959-04-14 FR FR792042A patent/FR1221531A/fr not_active Expired
- 1959-04-14 DE DEK37475A patent/DE1145888B/de active Pending
- 1959-04-14 CH CH7202659A patent/CH380483A/de unknown
- 1959-12-07 US US857562A patent/US3031387A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1960
- 1960-10-26 GB GB36805/60A patent/GB957865A/en not_active Expired
- 1960-11-05 NL NL257650A patent/NL128732C/xx active
- 1960-11-05 NL NL257650D patent/NL257650A/xx unknown
- 1960-11-21 BE BE597275A patent/BE597275A/fr unknown
- 1960-12-02 CH CH1354960A patent/CH394755A/de unknown
- 1960-12-07 FR FR846226A patent/FR78842E/fr not_active Expired
- 1960-12-07 DE DE1446002A patent/DE1446002C3/de not_active Expired
-
1961
- 1961-07-13 US US123655A patent/US3098018A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1962
- 1962-06-07 DE DE19621446461 patent/DE1446461B2/de active Pending
- 1962-06-18 GB GB23389/62A patent/GB965836A/en not_active Expired
- 1962-06-29 NL NL280383A patent/NL131370C/xx active
- 1962-06-29 NL NL280383D patent/NL280383A/xx unknown
- 1962-07-11 CH CH834862A patent/CH432974A/de unknown
- 1962-07-13 FR FR904031A patent/FR81995E/fr not_active Expired
- 1962-07-13 BE BE620217D patent/BE620217A/xx unknown
-
1963
- 1963-09-18 US US30990863 patent/USRE25566E/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE1145888B (de) | 1963-03-21 |
| GB957865A (en) | 1964-05-13 |
| NL238065A (d) | |
| NL123241C (d) | 1967-11-15 |
| NL257650A (d) | 1964-04-10 |
| US3098018A (en) | 1963-07-16 |
| US3031387A (en) | 1962-04-24 |
| DE1446461B2 (de) | 1970-09-10 |
| DE1446461A1 (de) | 1969-01-23 |
| FR78842E (fr) | 1962-09-14 |
| CH394755A (de) | 1965-06-30 |
| NL280383A (d) | 1964-12-10 |
| BE620217A (d) | 1962-07-31 |
| CH432974A (de) | 1967-03-31 |
| GB965836A (en) | 1964-08-06 |
| DE1446002A1 (de) | 1969-01-16 |
| NL131370C (d) | 1971-05-17 |
| DE1446002C3 (de) | 1974-09-26 |
| USRE25566E (en) | 1964-04-28 |
| FR81995E (fr) | 1963-12-06 |
| GB850576A (en) | 1960-10-05 |
| DE1446002B2 (de) | 1972-09-07 |
| FR1221531A (fr) | 1960-06-02 |
| NL128732C (d) | 1970-05-15 |
| BE597275A (fr) | 1961-03-15 |
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