US3031387A - Anodic oxidation of aluminum - Google Patents

Anodic oxidation of aluminum Download PDF

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Publication number
US3031387A
US3031387A US857562A US85756259A US3031387A US 3031387 A US3031387 A US 3031387A US 857562 A US857562 A US 857562A US 85756259 A US85756259 A US 85756259A US 3031387 A US3031387 A US 3031387A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
aluminum
sulfuric acid
voltage
acid
anodizing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US857562A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Bruce E Deal
Swanson Larry
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kaiser Aluminum and Chemical Corp
Original Assignee
Kaiser Aluminum and Chemical Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to NL238065D priority Critical patent/NL238065A/xx
Priority to GB12242/59A priority patent/GB850576A/en
Priority to NL238065A priority patent/NL123241C/xx
Priority to FR792042A priority patent/FR1221531A/fr
Priority to CH7202659A priority patent/CH380483A/de
Priority to DEK37475A priority patent/DE1145888B/de
Application filed by Kaiser Aluminum and Chemical Corp filed Critical Kaiser Aluminum and Chemical Corp
Priority to US857562A priority patent/US3031387A/en
Priority to GB36805/60A priority patent/GB957865A/en
Priority to NL257650D priority patent/NL257650A/xx
Priority to NL257650A priority patent/NL128732C/xx
Priority to BE597275A priority patent/BE597275A/fr
Priority to CH1354960A priority patent/CH394755A/de
Priority to FR846226A priority patent/FR78842E/fr
Priority to DE1446002A priority patent/DE1446002C3/de
Priority to US123655A priority patent/US3098018A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3031387A publication Critical patent/US3031387A/en
Priority to DE19621446461 priority patent/DE1446461B2/de
Priority to GB23389/62A priority patent/GB965836A/en
Priority to NL280383D priority patent/NL280383A/xx
Priority to NL280383A priority patent/NL131370C/xx
Priority to CH834862A priority patent/CH432974A/de
Priority to FR904031A priority patent/FR81995E/fr
Priority to BE620217D priority patent/BE620217A/xx
Priority to US30990863 priority patent/USRE25566E/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
    • C25D11/02—Anodisation
    • C25D11/04—Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • C25D11/18—After-treatment, e.g. pore-sealing
    • C25D11/24—Chemical after-treatment
    • C25D11/246—Chemical after-treatment for sealing layers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
    • C25D11/02—Anodisation
    • C25D11/04—Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
    • C25D11/02—Anodisation
    • C25D11/04—Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • C25D11/14—Producing integrally coloured layers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
    • C25D11/02—Anodisation
    • C25D11/04—Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • C25D11/18—After-treatment, e.g. pore-sealing

Definitions

  • an oxide coating produced on the surface by exposure as an anode in an acid electrolyte capable of yielding oxygen on electrolysis, such as an aqueous solution of sulfuric. acid.
  • the operation of forming such coatings is commonly termed anodizing and the aluminum surface thus protected is commonly termed anodized.
  • Electrolysis in solutions of sulfuric acid with direct or alternating current generally provide colorless to grayish layers of oxide coating on aluminum.
  • the abrasion resistance of these layers is in general not very great which can be demonstrated by the fact that the oxide layer can generally be scraped off with a knife. It has long been desired to produce abrasion resistant oxide layers and to produce colored oxide coated aluminum surfaces.
  • abrasion resistant oxide layers were produced only by anodizing at low temperatures, i.e. from about 0 to 30 F. Such process possesses certain inherent disadvantages particularly with regard to the necessity for expensive refrigeration equipment to maintain the coating bath at temperatures below 30 F.
  • an abrasion resistant oxide coating on aluminum metal can be produced at temperatures which do not necessitate subjecting the anodizing bath to refrigeration. For example, temperatures in the range of 55 to 85 F. have been found quite satisfactory. Further, it has been discovered that colored oxide coated aluminum metal surfaces characterized by pleasing appearance and superior light fastness can be produced without subjecting the coated surfaces to a separate coloring treatment. The colors are produced during production of the oxide coating in a bath with special reagents but wherein no dyes or pigments are used.
  • the aluminum metal is subjected to anodic oxidation in an aqueous solution consisting essentially of sulfosalicylic acid and at least one substance selected from the group consisting of metal sulfates and sulfuric acid, balance water.
  • the aluminum metal may comprise a single layer or multiple layers of the same or differing aluminum metals bonded together.
  • the electrolytes of this invention consist essentially of an aqueous solution of from about 5 to 50% by weight of sulfosalicylic acid and at least one substance selected from the group consisting of metal sulfates'and sulfuric acid in an amount equivalent to not more than 15% by weight sulfuric acid.
  • sulfosalicylic acid a substance selected from the group consisting of metal sulfates'and sulfuric acid in an amount equivalent to not more than 15% by weight sulfuric acid.
  • sulfuricacid Even a small amount of metal sulfate or sulfuric acid is beneficial to the electrolyte embodying the principles of this invention, e.g. an amount of metal sulfate or sulfuric acid equivalent to 0.1% by weight of sulfuric acid is beneficial.
  • the preferred ranges are from about 7 to 15 by weight sulfosalicylic acid and an amount of metal sulfate or sulfuric acid equivalent to from about 0.3 to 4% by weight sulfuric acid. It has been found that anodic coatings on samples of various aluminum alloys anodized in electrolytes having compositions within the broad ranges recited above have superior abrasion resistance as demonstrated by the fact that the coatings cannot be easily scraped off with a knife.
  • a distinct advantage of the present invention is the production of abrasion resistant oxide coatings at bath temperatures such as 55 to F. rather than at freezing temperatures, i.e. 030 F. required by prior art methods wherein expensive refrigeration is needed. Further, depending on the aluminum base alloy and the composition and concentrations of the electrolyte employed, various shades of various colors may be produced. In general the coatings produced are uniform.
  • the aluminum metal may be subjected to various pretreatments prior to anodizing.
  • the-base metal may be subjected to conventional polishing or brightening treatments, e.g. mechanical, chemical or electrochemical.
  • polishing or brightening treatments e.g. mechanical, chemical or electrochemical.
  • the base metal can be subjected to a suitable etching treatment. Examples of satisfactory pretreatment and anodizing procedure utilizing the novel electrolyte embodying the principles of this invention are set forth below, it being understood that the conventional water rinsing operations after various steps are not recited.
  • An example of one suitable cleaning solution isone composed of 40 grams per liter sodium carbonate, 20 grams per liter trisodium phosphate, 5 grams per liter sodium metasilicate, balance water. The solution may be maintained at atemperature of about F.
  • the oxide coatings may be sealed by lns d 50% by volume nitric acid.
  • various treatments for example, the anodized metal can 111 C ld W t r. be immersed in hot water maintained at a temperature of The samples were anodiz d for a period of 60 min- .f t 212 R d having a H f fro 5 t 6 55 utes 1n the electrolytes as. set forth in Table 11 below, for a period of 10 to 30 minutes.
  • e Contained tains a significant amount of copper, involves immersion twenty bier rectangular y J flqP Pp with for from about 0.5 .to 10 minutes in an aqueous solution surfing d f lead cathOdBS- A e P of from about 0.1 to 5% of common soaps or their compp t y full Wave 86161110111 horrs 1n ponents, e.g. mixtures of the sodium salts of fatty acids Serlessuch as lauric, myristic, oleic, palmitic and stearic acids 65 All the Samples were anodllfid With dlrect current at 72 F. The current densities employed were 27 a.s.f.
  • the samples were anodlzed 1n 511111 1 10 suliuic 5 tfrgict 1 a cid t varlous electrolyte composltlons and under various time, gi fi ib 55,2 e 90 m y e current density, voltage and temperature conditions with resulting abrasion resistances as set forth in table III. 33.0 19.0 27.9 11.5
  • the electrolytes were contained in SO-gallon, rubber-lined gig 1 391% ii; I tanks and were circulated by means of mechanical stir- 31.0 21.5 7.0 ring or air agitation. Power was supplied by a motor generator and perforated lead cathodes were used.
  • Table V Further examples illustrating colors obtained by pracnice of this invention are set forth in Table V below which includes alloy designation, color, and operational conditions, i.e. initial current density, average time to maximum volts, maximum volts and total anodizing time.
  • the samples used were in the form of a sheet or extrusions, the sheets ranging in size from about one foot square to four feet by eight feet.
  • the extrusions used involved various typical cross-sectional shapes in lengths up to about 10 feet.
  • the colored aluminum product of the present invention is characterized by a dense anodic coating.
  • the products set forth in Table V generally are found to have an oxide coating Weighing not less than about 20 milligrams per square inch per side of surface and the oxide coating generally is at least .0005 inch thick.
  • aluminum is meant to cover high purity aluminum, commercial purity aluminum and aluminum alloys.
  • the method offorming colored coatings on aluminum electrolytically comprising the'steps of subjecting said aluminum to anodic oxidation for a period of time of from 1 to 150 minutes at an initial current density of from about 10 to a.s. f. and a voltage of from about 20 to volts in an aqueous solution consisting essentially of from 5 to 50% sulfosalicylic acid, at least one substance selected from the group consisting of metal claims are by weight of the total sulfates and sulfuric acid in an amount equivalent to from about 0.1 to 4% sulfuric acid and the balance water, said solution being maintained at a temperature of from about 55 to 85 F., maintaining said initial current density approximately constant until a selected maximum voltage is reached at which voltage a coating of a desired color is obtained, and thereafter maintaining said selected maximum voltage approximately constant until said anodic oxidation forms a coating of a desired thickness.
  • the method of forming colored coatings on aluminum electrolytically comprising the steps of subjecting said aluminum to anodic oxidation for a period of time of from to 60 minutes at an initial current density of from about to a.s.f. and a voltage from about 25 to about volts in an aqueous solution consisting essentially of from 7 to 15% sulfosalicyclic acid, from 0.1
  • aqueous solution consists essentially of 10% sulfosalicyclic acid,”0.5% sulfuric acid and the balance water.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Treatment Of Metals (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
  • Preventing Corrosion Or Incrustation Of Metals (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
  • Printing Plates And Materials Therefor (AREA)
  • Electroplating And Plating Baths Therefor (AREA)
  • Cleaning And De-Greasing Of Metallic Materials By Chemical Methods (AREA)
  • Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)
  • Sealing Battery Cases Or Jackets (AREA)
  • ing And Chemical Polishing (AREA)
US857562A 1958-04-14 1959-12-07 Anodic oxidation of aluminum Expired - Lifetime US3031387A (en)

Priority Applications (23)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL238065D NL238065A (d) 1958-04-14
GB12242/59A GB850576A (en) 1958-04-14 1959-04-10 Improvements in or relating to the electrolytic treatment of aluminium
NL238065A NL123241C (d) 1958-04-14 1959-04-13
CH7202659A CH380483A (de) 1958-04-14 1959-04-14 Verfahren zur Erzeugung von Oxydüberzügen auf Aluminium oder dessen Legierungen
FR792042A FR1221531A (fr) 1958-04-14 1959-04-14 Procédé de formation de revêtement d'oxyde sur de l'aluminium
DEK37475A DE1145888B (de) 1958-04-14 1959-04-14 Waessrige Loesung und Verfahren zur Erzeugung von gefaerbten und abriebfesten UEberzuegen auf Aluminium durch anodische Oxydation
US857562A US3031387A (en) 1958-04-14 1959-12-07 Anodic oxidation of aluminum
GB36805/60A GB957865A (en) 1958-04-14 1960-10-26 Improvements in or relating to the electrolytic treatment of aluminium
NL257650D NL257650A (d) 1958-04-14 1960-11-05
NL257650A NL128732C (d) 1958-04-14 1960-11-05
BE597275A BE597275A (fr) 1958-04-14 1960-11-21 Procédé de formation de revêtements d'oxyde sur de l'aluminium
CH1354960A CH394755A (de) 1958-04-14 1960-12-02 Verfahren zur elektrolytischen Erzeugung von Oxydschutzüberzügen auf Aluminium oder dessen Legierungen
FR846226A FR78842E (fr) 1958-04-14 1960-12-07 Procédé de formation de revêtements d'oxyde sur de l'aluminium
DE1446002A DE1446002C3 (de) 1958-04-14 1960-12-07 Verfahren zur Herstellung gleichmäßig gefärbter Oxidschichten auf Aluminium und Aluminiumlegierungen durch anodische Oxydation
US123655A US3098018A (en) 1958-04-14 1961-07-13 Sealing anodized aluminum
DE19621446461 DE1446461B2 (de) 1958-04-14 1962-06-07 Versiegelungsbad für anodisch oxydierte AlUDiiniumflächen, Verwendung desselben und Verfahren zum Versiegeln anodisch oxydierter Aluminiumflächen
GB23389/62A GB965836A (en) 1958-04-14 1962-06-18 Improvements in or relating to aluminium oxide coating sealing methods
NL280383A NL131370C (d) 1958-04-14 1962-06-29
NL280383D NL280383A (d) 1958-04-14 1962-06-29
CH834862A CH432974A (de) 1958-04-14 1962-07-11 Verfahren zum Versiegeln der Oberfläche von anodisch oxydierten, gefärbten Aluminiumgegenständen
FR904031A FR81995E (fr) 1958-04-14 1962-07-13 Procédé de formation de revêtements d'oxyde sur de l'aluminium
BE620217D BE620217A (d) 1958-04-14 1962-07-13
US30990863 USRE25566E (en) 1958-04-14 1963-09-18 Anodic oxidation of aluminum

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US72809058A 1958-04-14 1958-04-14
US857562A US3031387A (en) 1958-04-14 1959-12-07 Anodic oxidation of aluminum
US123655A US3098018A (en) 1958-04-14 1961-07-13 Sealing anodized aluminum

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3031387A true US3031387A (en) 1962-04-24

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Family Applications (3)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US857562A Expired - Lifetime US3031387A (en) 1958-04-14 1959-12-07 Anodic oxidation of aluminum
US123655A Expired - Lifetime US3098018A (en) 1958-04-14 1961-07-13 Sealing anodized aluminum
US30990863 Expired USRE25566E (en) 1958-04-14 1963-09-18 Anodic oxidation of aluminum

Family Applications After (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US123655A Expired - Lifetime US3098018A (en) 1958-04-14 1961-07-13 Sealing anodized aluminum
US30990863 Expired USRE25566E (en) 1958-04-14 1963-09-18 Anodic oxidation of aluminum

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (3) US3031387A (d)
BE (2) BE597275A (d)
CH (3) CH380483A (d)
DE (3) DE1145888B (d)
FR (3) FR1221531A (d)
GB (3) GB850576A (d)
NL (6) NL123241C (d)

Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3098018A (en) * 1958-04-14 1963-07-16 Kaiser Aluminium Chem Corp Sealing anodized aluminum
US3143485A (en) * 1961-11-28 1964-08-04 Aluminum Co Of America Aluminum anodizing
US3227639A (en) * 1961-10-24 1966-01-04 Aluminum Co Of America Method of anodizing aluminum with electrolyte containing sulfophthalic acid
US3243362A (en) * 1963-05-02 1966-03-29 Aluminum Co Of America Method of anodizing aluminum
US3265239A (en) * 1962-10-23 1966-08-09 American Can Co Coated metal container
US3265597A (en) * 1962-06-16 1966-08-09 Vaw Ver Aluminium Werke Ag Anodizing process and electrolyte
US3280013A (en) * 1964-06-02 1966-10-18 Aluminum Co Of America Anodizing electrolyte and process
US3284321A (en) * 1962-07-19 1966-11-08 Howard A Fromson Manufacture of aluminum articles with anodized surfaces presenting multicolor effects
US3425918A (en) * 1965-11-12 1969-02-04 Alusuisse Electrolyte for the production of selfcolored anodic oxide layers on aluminum and aluminum alloys
US3505181A (en) * 1963-05-29 1970-04-07 Secr Defence Brit Treatment of titanium surfaces
US4022670A (en) * 1975-07-16 1977-05-10 Swiss Aluminium Ltd. Process for preparation of lithographic printing plates
US4086148A (en) * 1975-12-08 1978-04-25 Societe Anonyme De Traitement Des Metaux Et Alliages (Satma) Process of making etched aluminum sheets and electrolytic capacitors formed therefrom
US4126483A (en) * 1977-06-03 1978-11-21 Ford Motor Company Method of adherency of electrodeposits on light weight metals
DE3327191A1 (de) * 1982-08-07 1984-02-09 Sandoz-Patent-GmbH, 7850 Lörrach Verfahren zum verdichten von anodisch oxydierten oberflaechen aus aluminium
US5066368A (en) * 1990-08-17 1991-11-19 Olin Corporation Process for producing black integrally colored anodized aluminum components
US5120405A (en) * 1990-03-02 1992-06-09 Yoshida Kogyo K.K. Method of coloring aluminum or aluminum alloy material
US5288372A (en) * 1992-07-07 1994-02-22 Alumax Inc. Altering a metal body surface
WO2001006040A1 (en) * 1999-07-14 2001-01-25 Nielsen & Bainbridge Llc Process for electrochemically depositing multi-colored layers on aluminum picture frames using an anodizing technique
US20070080068A1 (en) * 2005-10-12 2007-04-12 Ferralli Michael W Method for preparing thermally transmissive anodized surface and products therefrom
US20130224406A1 (en) * 2012-02-24 2013-08-29 Htc Corporation Casing of handheld electronic device and method of manufacturing the same

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3370943A (en) * 1965-11-04 1968-02-27 Kaiser Aluminium Chem Corp Aluminum alloy
US3669855A (en) * 1970-01-28 1972-06-13 Kaiser Aluminium Chem Corp Control of integral color anodizing process
US3790208A (en) * 1972-06-07 1974-02-05 Toyoda Chuo Kenkyusho Kk Safety belt
US4177299A (en) 1978-01-27 1979-12-04 Swiss Aluminium Ltd. Aluminum or aluminum alloy article and process
US8512872B2 (en) 2010-05-19 2013-08-20 Dupalectpa-CHN, LLC Sealed anodic coatings
US8609254B2 (en) 2010-05-19 2013-12-17 Sanford Process Corporation Microcrystalline anodic coatings and related methods therefor
CN113549928B (zh) * 2020-04-23 2022-05-10 成都飞机工业（集团）有限责任公司 一种铝合金管材清洗剂及工艺方法
CN112354976A (zh) * 2020-10-14 2021-02-12 富乐德科技发展（天津）有限公司 一种去除阳极氧化铝表面沉积污染物的清洗方法

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE657902C (de) * 1935-12-11 1938-03-16 Schering Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung von Oxydschichten auf Aluminium
US2233785A (en) * 1935-12-11 1941-03-04 Sherka Chemical Co Inc Process for the manufacture of oxide layers on aluminum and aluminum alloys and to electrolytes therefor
US2260278A (en) * 1935-01-08 1941-10-21 Firm Ematal Electrochemical Co Process for the production of opaque protective coatings on aluminum and its alloys

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL64809B (d) * 1932-05-26
US2888388A (en) * 1957-08-26 1959-05-26 Sandoz Ag Sealing of dyed anodized aluminum
NL238065A (d) * 1958-04-14

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2260278A (en) * 1935-01-08 1941-10-21 Firm Ematal Electrochemical Co Process for the production of opaque protective coatings on aluminum and its alloys
DE657902C (de) * 1935-12-11 1938-03-16 Schering Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung von Oxydschichten auf Aluminium
US2233785A (en) * 1935-12-11 1941-03-04 Sherka Chemical Co Inc Process for the manufacture of oxide layers on aluminum and aluminum alloys and to electrolytes therefor

Cited By (25)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3098018A (en) * 1958-04-14 1963-07-16 Kaiser Aluminium Chem Corp Sealing anodized aluminum
US3227639A (en) * 1961-10-24 1966-01-04 Aluminum Co Of America Method of anodizing aluminum with electrolyte containing sulfophthalic acid
US3143485A (en) * 1961-11-28 1964-08-04 Aluminum Co Of America Aluminum anodizing
US3265597A (en) * 1962-06-16 1966-08-09 Vaw Ver Aluminium Werke Ag Anodizing process and electrolyte
US3284321A (en) * 1962-07-19 1966-11-08 Howard A Fromson Manufacture of aluminum articles with anodized surfaces presenting multicolor effects
US3265239A (en) * 1962-10-23 1966-08-09 American Can Co Coated metal container
US3243362A (en) * 1963-05-02 1966-03-29 Aluminum Co Of America Method of anodizing aluminum
US3505181A (en) * 1963-05-29 1970-04-07 Secr Defence Brit Treatment of titanium surfaces
US3280013A (en) * 1964-06-02 1966-10-18 Aluminum Co Of America Anodizing electrolyte and process
US3425918A (en) * 1965-11-12 1969-02-04 Alusuisse Electrolyte for the production of selfcolored anodic oxide layers on aluminum and aluminum alloys
US4022670A (en) * 1975-07-16 1977-05-10 Swiss Aluminium Ltd. Process for preparation of lithographic printing plates
US4086148A (en) * 1975-12-08 1978-04-25 Societe Anonyme De Traitement Des Metaux Et Alliages (Satma) Process of making etched aluminum sheets and electrolytic capacitors formed therefrom
US4126483A (en) * 1977-06-03 1978-11-21 Ford Motor Company Method of adherency of electrodeposits on light weight metals
DE3327191A1 (de) * 1982-08-07 1984-02-09 Sandoz-Patent-GmbH, 7850 Lörrach Verfahren zum verdichten von anodisch oxydierten oberflaechen aus aluminium
US4531979A (en) * 1982-08-07 1985-07-30 Sandoz Ltd. Sealing of anodically oxidized aluminum or aluminum alloy surfaces and compounds useful therefor
US5120405A (en) * 1990-03-02 1992-06-09 Yoshida Kogyo K.K. Method of coloring aluminum or aluminum alloy material
US5066368A (en) * 1990-08-17 1991-11-19 Olin Corporation Process for producing black integrally colored anodized aluminum components
WO1992003846A1 (en) * 1990-08-17 1992-03-05 Olin Corporation Anodized aluminum electronic package components
US5403975A (en) * 1990-08-17 1995-04-04 Olin Corporation Anodized aluminum electronic package components
US5288372A (en) * 1992-07-07 1994-02-22 Alumax Inc. Altering a metal body surface
WO2001006040A1 (en) * 1999-07-14 2001-01-25 Nielsen & Bainbridge Llc Process for electrochemically depositing multi-colored layers on aluminum picture frames using an anodizing technique
US6342145B1 (en) 1999-07-14 2002-01-29 Nielsen & Bainbridge Llc Process for manufacturing multi-colored picture frames
US20070080068A1 (en) * 2005-10-12 2007-04-12 Ferralli Michael W Method for preparing thermally transmissive anodized surface and products therefrom
US8007651B2 (en) * 2005-10-12 2011-08-30 Transys, Llc Method for preparing thermally transmissive anodized surface and products therefrom
US20130224406A1 (en) * 2012-02-24 2013-08-29 Htc Corporation Casing of handheld electronic device and method of manufacturing the same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1145888B (de) 1963-03-21
GB957865A (en) 1964-05-13
NL238065A (d)
NL123241C (d) 1967-11-15
NL257650A (d) 1964-04-10
US3098018A (en) 1963-07-16
DE1446461B2 (de) 1970-09-10
DE1446461A1 (de) 1969-01-23
FR78842E (fr) 1962-09-14
CH394755A (de) 1965-06-30
NL280383A (d) 1964-12-10
BE620217A (d) 1962-07-31
CH432974A (de) 1967-03-31
GB965836A (en) 1964-08-06
DE1446002A1 (de) 1969-01-16
NL131370C (d) 1971-05-17
CH380483A (de) 1964-07-31
DE1446002C3 (de) 1974-09-26
USRE25566E (en) 1964-04-28
FR81995E (fr) 1963-12-06
GB850576A (en) 1960-10-05
DE1446002B2 (de) 1972-09-07
FR1221531A (fr) 1960-06-02
NL128732C (d) 1970-05-15
BE597275A (fr) 1961-03-15

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