WO2024114734A1 - 一种电动车辆及电动车辆的换电方法 - Google Patents

一种电动车辆及电动车辆的换电方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024114734A1
WO2024114734A1 PCT/CN2023/135456 CN2023135456W WO2024114734A1 WO 2024114734 A1 WO2024114734 A1 WO 2024114734A1 CN 2023135456 W CN2023135456 W CN 2023135456W WO 2024114734 A1 WO2024114734 A1 WO 2024114734A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery pack
battery
vehicle body
bracket
electric vehicle
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2023/135456
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张建平
于新瑞
褚佳玮
Original Assignee
奥动新能源汽车科技有限公司
上海电巴新能源科技有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 奥动新能源汽车科技有限公司, 上海电巴新能源科技有限公司 filed Critical 奥动新能源汽车科技有限公司
Publication of WO2024114734A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024114734A1/zh

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/80Exchanging energy storage elements, e.g. removable batteries
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S17/00Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
    • G01S17/02Systems using the reflection of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
    • G01S17/06Systems determining position data of a target
    • G01S17/08Systems determining position data of a target for measuring distance only
    • GPHYSICS
    • G08SIGNALLING
    • G08BSIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B7/00Signalling systems according to more than one of groups G08B3/00 - G08B6/00; Personal calling systems according to more than one of groups G08B3/00 - G08B6/00
    • G08B7/06Signalling systems according to more than one of groups G08B3/00 - G08B6/00; Personal calling systems according to more than one of groups G08B3/00 - G08B6/00 using electric transmission, e.g. involving audible and visible signalling through the use of sound and light sources
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N7/00Television systems
    • H04N7/18Closed-circuit television [CCTV] systems, i.e. systems in which the video signal is not broadcast
    • H04N7/181Closed-circuit television [CCTV] systems, i.e. systems in which the video signal is not broadcast for receiving images from a plurality of remote sources
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of new energy vehicle technology, and in particular to an electric vehicle and a battery replacement method for an electric vehicle.
  • the battery swap model came into being. Compared with charging, firstly, battery swap can save a lot of time, and secondly, battery swap can avoid peak electricity consumption for charging.
  • the whole battery pack is generally installed on the vehicle body.
  • the common problem is that the battery pack is heavy and the installation position is too concentrated, which easily affects the battery replacement and also requires a high load-bearing capacity of the locking mechanism on the electric vehicle.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present application is to improve the utilization of the installation space of an electric vehicle battery replacement pack, and to provide an electric vehicle and a battery replacement method for an electric vehicle.
  • an electric vehicle including a body and a battery pack, wherein at least one battery pack is installed on each side of the body along the width direction of the body, and at least one battery pack is a battery replacement battery pack detachably connected to the body; wherein a first locking mechanism is provided on the body, and the battery replacement battery pack is provided with a second locking mechanism cooperating with the first locking mechanism, and the battery replacement battery pack moves between a locking position and an unlocking position along the length direction of the body, and when the battery replacement battery pack is in the locking position, the first locking mechanism cooperates with the second locking mechanism to lock the battery replacement battery pack to the body.
  • the electric vehicle of the present application installs battery packs in the width direction of the vehicle body, so that multiple battery packs can provide power to the electric vehicle at the same time.
  • the battery packs are distributed on the sides of the vehicle body, and the space on the sides of the vehicle body can be utilized.
  • the battery pack By moving the battery pack between the locked position and the unlocked position along the length direction of the vehicle body, the battery pack can be more easily moved on the side of the vehicle body when installing and removing the battery pack.
  • By moving closer to the vehicle body the space between the battery pack and the width of the vehicle body can be optimized.
  • the safe distance between the battery pack and the front and rear structures of the vehicle body (such as wheels) in the length direction can also be used to provide space for the battery pack to move, thereby increasing space utilization efficiency.
  • the vehicle body includes a vehicle beam; the first locking mechanism is disposed on the vehicle beam, and the battery pack can be detachably mounted on the vehicle beam.
  • the present application can make the connection between the battery pack and the vehicle body more stable by directly mounting the battery pack on the vehicle beam through the first locking mechanism and the second locking mechanism.
  • the first locking mechanism is arranged on the side and/or bottom of the vehicle beam.
  • This application utilizes the space on the side of the vehicle and the side of the battery pack, which is conducive to setting up the installation locking mechanism.
  • the first locking mechanism is set at the bottom of the vehicle beam, and the corresponding battery pack is set at the lower section of the second locking mechanism, which provides the possibility of optimizing the installation space of the battery pack, and can also provide the battery pack with the installation fixing force of the lower section, so as to improve the fixing effect of the vehicle beam on the battery pack.
  • the vehicle body includes a vehicle beam and a battery pack bracket, the battery pack bracket is fixedly connected to the vehicle beam, the first locking mechanism is arranged on the battery pack bracket, and the battery-changing battery pack is detachably mounted on the battery pack bracket.
  • This application installs the battery pack on the battery pack bracket, which can conveniently optimize the arrangement and installation structure of the first locking mechanism, so as to break through the structural limitations of the vehicle beam itself.
  • the battery pack bracket includes a first connecting portion connected to the vehicle body, and the first locking mechanism is arranged at a lower side of the first connecting portion.
  • the present application sets a first connecting part by means of a battery pack bracket, so that the battery replacement battery pack can be installed on the lower side of the first connecting part, so that the battery replacement battery pack has relatively ample installation space in the horizontal direction, and also allows sufficient space for setting a locking and fixing structure at the top of the battery pack and the first connecting part.
  • first locking structures there are multiple first locking structures, and the multiple first locking structures are arranged at intervals on the first connecting portion along the length direction of the vehicle body.
  • the present application can thus provide the battery replacement battery pack with more installation and fixing areas in its length direction, making the connection and installation of the battery replacement battery pack more stable.
  • the battery pack is provided with a first connector at one end along the length direction of the vehicle body, and the vehicle body is provided with a second connector that cooperates with the first connector; the first connector is connected to the second connector to achieve electrical connection and/or liquid cooling connection between the battery pack and the vehicle body.
  • the present application can complete the connection and separation of the first connector and the second connector while installing and disassembling the mobile battery pack.
  • the safe distance between the front and rear sides of the battery pack and the vehicle body structure can be utilized.
  • the battery pack bracket also includes a connector mounting portion for mounting the second connector, and the connector mounting portion is connected to one end of the first connecting portion along the length direction of the vehicle body.
  • a guide portion is provided on the top of the battery-exchange battery pack, and the guide portion cooperates with the first connecting portion along the moving direction of the battery-exchange battery pack.
  • the present application can limit the relative position between the battery swap pack and the first connecting part to guide the movement of the battery swap pack, so that the battery swap pack moves smoothly during disassembly, and can also make the battery swap battery pack more stably fixed after installation.
  • the guide portion includes at least two guide ribs arranged at intervals along the width direction of the vehicle body.
  • One of the inner side or the outer side of the guide rib is provided with an inclined guide surface, and the other side is folded to form a guide folded edge extending along the length direction of the vehicle body.
  • the guide part can limit and fix the battery pack in the width direction of the vehicle body, and the first connecting part includes two longitudinal ribs, and the guide ribs slide with the two longitudinal ribs.
  • the guide slope it is also convenient to move the guide rib vertically to the set position, so as to facilitate the alignment of the first locking mechanism and the second locking mechanism.
  • the guide rib is provided with a hanging hole.
  • This application provides hanging holes to facilitate the lifting and fixing of battery replacement battery packs during transportation and maintenance.
  • the first locking mechanism is disposed at at least one of the top, side and bottom of the battery pack bracket.
  • the application can fix the top of the battery pack after the battery pack is installed, and the force on the battery pack is increased and balanced.
  • the first locking mechanism at the side of the battery pack bracket By setting the first locking mechanism at the side of the battery pack bracket, the side of the battery pack can be directly fixed to utilize the space between the side of the battery pack and the body of the vehicle, so as to utilize the space of the body of the vehicle while improving the fixing effect.
  • battery replacement packs are installed on both sides of the vehicle body.
  • the present application can perform battery replacement on both sides of the vehicle body, so that the electric vehicle provides more replaceable battery packs and improves the battery replacement efficiency of the electric vehicle.
  • a battery replacement battery pack can also be set on only one side of the electric vehicle.
  • the battery pack bracket includes a first bracket and a second bracket, the first bracket and the second bracket are respectively arranged on both sides of the vehicle beam, and the first bracket and the second bracket are respectively installed with at least one battery replacement battery pack.
  • the present application can perform battery replacement on both sides of the vehicle body, so that the electric vehicle provides more replaceable battery packs and improves the battery replacement efficiency of the electric vehicle.
  • a battery replacement battery pack can also be set only on one side of the electric vehicle.
  • the first locking structure includes a lock base and a locking portion
  • the lock base is provided with a lock slot extending along the moving direction of the battery replacement battery pack, and the locking portion can be moved into the lock slot
  • the second locking mechanism is a lock shaft provided on the battery replacement battery pack; when the battery replacement battery pack is in the locking position, the locking portion locks the lock shaft in the lock slot.
  • the present application arranges the first locking mechanism and the second locking mechanism into a lock slot and a lock shaft, so that when the battery replacement battery pack is in the locked position, the lock shaft is located in the lock slot, and the top and bottom walls of the lock slot limit the vertical position of the lock shaft.
  • the locking part is only used to stop the lateral movement of the lock shaft, so that the locking part bears less load, which can help maintain the locking stability of the locking part.
  • the lock slot includes a connected horizontal section and a vertical section; wherein, when the lock shaft is located at one end where the horizontal section and the vertical section are connected, the battery replacement battery pack is located at the unlocking position, and when the lock shaft is located at the other end of the horizontal section, the battery replacement battery pack is located at the locking position.
  • the present application arranges the lock slot into horizontal and vertical sections.
  • the lock shaft is guided up and down by the vertical section.
  • the side walls of the vertical section can also play a certain degree of anti-slip limiting role in the lateral direction of the lock shaft, and the bottom of the horizontal section supports the lock shaft.
  • one end of the lock shaft is connected to the battery pack, so that the lock shaft is cantilevered as a whole.
  • the outer end of the lock shaft can easily enter the lock slot;
  • the lock shaft is installed on the battery pack through a mounting bracket, and the two ends of the lock shaft are respectively connected to the mounting bracket.
  • the present application supports the lock shaft at both ends of the mounting bracket, which can make the lock shaft more evenly stressed and more stable to use.
  • a first connector is provided on the top and/or side of the battery replacement battery pack, and the vehicle body is provided with a second connector that cooperates with the first connector; the first connector is connected to the second connector to achieve electrical connection and/or liquid cooling connection between the battery replacement battery pack and the vehicle body.
  • the first locking mechanism is located at the side and/or top of the battery-swap battery pack
  • the second locking mechanism is arranged on the side and/or top of the battery replacement battery pack.
  • the present application can directly fix the side of the battery pack to utilize the space between the side of the battery pack and the vehicle body.
  • the first locking mechanism on the top of the battery pack the force on the battery pack can be increased and balanced and stable after the battery pack is installed.
  • the vehicle beam includes two supporting beam bodies spaced apart along the width direction of the vehicle body; the vehicle body also includes a first reinforcement portion, and two ends of the first reinforcement portion are respectively connected to the two supporting beam bodies.
  • the present application enables the vehicle beam to form a frame structure as a whole, thereby strengthening the structural strength of the vehicle beam on the basis of reducing the weight of the vehicle beam, so that the structure can be stable when the vehicle beam bears the load of the battery pack.
  • the battery pack bracket includes a first bracket and a second bracket respectively arranged on both sides of the vehicle beam, and the battery pack bracket also includes a second reinforcement part;
  • the second reinforcement portion passes through the lower side of the vehicle beam, and the two ends of the second reinforcement portion are respectively connected to the first bracket and the second bracket, so that the space under the beam can be used to reinforce the connection between the first bracket and the second bracket, especially the first bracket and the second bracket have a portion extending from the lower side of the vehicle beam for reinforcement connection, so that the structure of the first bracket and the second bracket is more stable;
  • the second reinforcement portion passes through the upper side of the vehicle beam, and the two ends of the second reinforcement portion are respectively connected to the first bracket and the second bracket, so that the space on the beam can be used to reinforce the connection between the first bracket and the second bracket.
  • the installation space can be used, and the second reinforcement portion can also be provided with an installation structure of other structural components, such as fixing of a battery pack to a vehicle body connecting pipeline, etc.;
  • the second reinforcement portion passes through the vehicle beam, and two ends of the second reinforcement portion are respectively connected to the first bracket and the second bracket, so that the connection position of the second reinforcement portion between the first bracket and the second bracket can be optimized;
  • the vehicle beam includes two supporting beam bodies spaced apart along the width direction of the vehicle body, the first bracket and the second bracket are respectively connected to the two supporting beam bodies, and the two ends of the second reinforcement portion are respectively connected to the corresponding positions of the first bracket and the second bracket on the two supporting beam bodies.
  • the second reinforcement portion includes horizontal reinforcement bars arranged at intervals along the height direction of the vehicle body, and vertical reinforcement bars connecting adjacent horizontal reinforcement bars;
  • the middle portion of the horizontal reinforcing rod located on the upper side and/or the lower side is recessed in a direction away from the vehicle beam.
  • the vehicle body further comprises a connector mounting portion for mounting the second connector;
  • the battery pack bracket also includes a third reinforcement portion; both ends of the third reinforcement portion are respectively connected to the connector mounting portions on both sides of the vehicle body.
  • a plurality of first locking mechanisms are provided at intervals on the vehicle body, and/or a plurality of second locking mechanisms are provided at intervals on the battery replacement battery pack.
  • the vehicle body also includes a protective plate, and in the length direction of the vehicle body, the protective plate is located at least on one side of the battery pack.
  • At least one outer edge of the battery pack is provided with a linear or arc chamfer.
  • the linear or arc-shaped chamfer is arranged toward the front direction of the electric vehicle.
  • the present application provides a battery replacement method for an electric vehicle, which is applied to any of the above electric vehicles, comprising:
  • a battery replacement battery pack is installed on both sides of the vehicle body, the number of the battery replacement device is one, and the step of controlling the battery replacement device to move to a preset position corresponding to the battery replacement battery pack on the electric vehicle includes:
  • the battery replacement equipment is controlled to move to a preset position corresponding to the battery replacement battery pack on the other side of the vehicle body.
  • the step of controlling the battery replacement device to move to a preset position corresponding to the battery replacement pack on the electric vehicle includes:
  • the step of controlling the battery replacement equipment to remove the battery replacement battery pack on the vehicle body includes:
  • the step of controlling the battery replacement equipment to install the battery replacement battery pack onto the vehicle body includes:
  • Control the battery exchange equipment to drive the battery exchange battery pack to move horizontally to a locking position so that the first locking mechanism cooperates with the second locking mechanism.
  • the positive progressive effect of the present application is that the present application provides an electric vehicle and a battery replacement method for an electric vehicle.
  • By arranging battery packs on both sides of the vehicle body it avoids the difficulty of battery replacement caused by the excessive volume and weight of a single battery pack, balances the load on both sides of the vehicle body, reduces the load-bearing requirements of the locking mechanism, and uses a locking mechanism that locks in the horizontal direction to prevent the moving parts of the locking mechanism from bearing when the battery pack is in the locked position, thereby improving the firmness and stability of the connection between the battery pack and the electric vehicle.
  • the presence of other battery packs ensures the normal operation of the electric vehicle.
  • FIG1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electric vehicle provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the embodiment shown in FIG1 after removing the battery pack for replacement;
  • FIG3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the battery pack in the embodiment shown in FIG1 ;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery pack bracket in another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery replacement pack corresponding to the embodiment shown in FIG. 4 .
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the top view of the structure of the example in FIG. 4 .
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a first locking mechanism provided in the present application in a locked state.
  • FIG8 is a schematic structural diagram of a first locking mechanism provided in the present application in an unlocked state.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the battery pack bracket, battery replacement battery pack, and vehicle beam after coordination in another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG10 is a schematic diagram of the partially enlarged structure of the battery replacement battery pack in FIG9 .
  • FIG11 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the battery pack bracket and the battery replacement battery pack after they are matched in the embodiment shown in FIG9 .
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the battery pack bracket in the embodiment shown in FIG. 9 .
  • FIG13 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the battery replacement battery pack in the embodiment shown in FIG9 .
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic side sectional view of the first locking mechanism in FIG. 9 .
  • Vehicle body 1 vehicle beam 101; supporting beam body 1011; first reinforcing portion 1012; first bracket 1021; second bracket 1022; second reinforcing portion 1023; horizontal reinforcing rod 10231; vertical reinforcing rod 10232; third reinforcing portion 103; connector mounting portion 1024;
  • Battery replacement pack 2 ; first locking mechanism 3; lock base 301; locking portion 302; second locking mechanism 4; lock shaft 401; mounting bracket 402; lock slot 5; horizontal section 501; vertical section 502; first connector 6; second connector 7;
  • FIG. 1-14 An embodiment of the present application provides an electric vehicle, and its implementation method is explained according to the examples in Figures 1-14. It should be understood that the implementation methods provided by the present application include but are not limited to the forms shown in Figures 1-14, including a vehicle body 1 and a battery pack, along the width direction of the vehicle body 1, at least one battery pack is installed on each side of the vehicle body 1, and at least one battery pack is a battery replacement battery pack 2 that is detachably connected to the vehicle body 1; wherein, a first locking mechanism 3 is provided on the vehicle body 1, and the battery replacement battery pack 2 is provided with a second locking mechanism 4 that cooperates with the first locking mechanism 3, and the battery replacement battery pack 2 moves between a locked position and an unlocked position along the length direction of the vehicle body, and when the battery replacement battery pack 2 is in the locked position, the first locking mechanism 3 cooperates with the second locking mechanism 4 to lock the battery replacement battery pack 2 on the vehicle body 1.
  • the electric vehicle of the present application is provided with battery packs respectively installed in the width direction of the vehicle body 1 to achieve the purpose of
  • the battery pack is installed on the side of the vehicle body 1, so that multiple battery packs can provide power to the electric vehicle at the same time.
  • the battery packs are distributed on the side of the vehicle body panel, and the space on the side of the vehicle body 1 can be utilized.
  • the battery pack can be operated by horizontal movement on the side of the vehicle body 1 to facilitate loading or unloading the battery pack on the side of the vehicle body 1.
  • the battery-swap battery pack 2 By moving the battery-swap battery pack 2 between the locked position and the unlocked position along the length direction of the vehicle body, the battery-swap battery pack 2 can be moved closer to the vehicle body 1 when it moves laterally to the vehicle body 1 during installation and removal, and the space between the battery-swap battery pack 2 and the width direction of the vehicle body 1 can be optimized.
  • the safe distance between the battery-swap battery pack 2 and the front-rear direction structure (such as wheels) of the vehicle body 1 in its length direction can also be used to provide movement space for the battery-swap battery pack 2, thereby increasing space utilization efficiency.
  • a second connector 7 can be provided on the front side of the battery-swap battery pack 2 to complete the connection between the first connector 6 and the second connector 7 when the battery-swap battery pack 2 moves along the length direction of the vehicle body 1.
  • the vehicle body 1 includes a vehicle beam 101; the first locking mechanism 3 is arranged on the vehicle beam 101, and the battery pack 2 is detachably mounted on the vehicle beam 101.
  • the connection between the battery pack 2 and the vehicle body 1 can be made more stable.
  • the installation position of the first locking mechanism 3 includes but is not limited to the following embodiments: first, the first locking mechanism 3 is arranged on the side of the vehicle beam 101. By arranging the first locking mechanism 3 on the side of the vehicle beam 101, the second locking mechanism 4 can be arranged on the side of the battery pack. The side of the vehicle and the side of the battery pack have a large space, which is conducive to the installation of the locking mechanism. Second, the first locking mechanism 3 is arranged at the bottom of the vehicle beam 101. Correspondingly, the battery pack 2 is provided with the second locking mechanism 4 in the lower section.
  • the battery pack can have a locking installation position in the lower section, providing the possibility of optimizing the installation space of the battery pack 2, and can also provide the battery pack 2 with the installation fixing force of the lower section, so as to improve the fixing effect of the vehicle beam 101 on the battery pack 2.
  • the first locking mechanism 3 can also be arranged on the side and bottom of the vehicle beam 101 at the same time.
  • the vehicle body 1 includes a vehicle beam 101 and a battery pack bracket, the battery pack bracket is fixedly connected to the vehicle beam 101, the first locking mechanism 3 is arranged on the battery pack bracket, and the battery-swap battery pack 2 is detachably mounted on the battery pack bracket.
  • the vehicle's connector and other auxiliary mechanisms can also be arranged on the battery pack bracket to realize the overall installation and disassembly of the battery-swap battery pack 2 structure, simplify the installation steps and processes, improve the installation efficiency, and facilitate the modification of existing electric vehicles.
  • the battery pack bracket further includes a first connection portion connected to the vehicle body 1, and the first locking mechanism 3 is arranged at the lower side of the first connection portion.
  • the battery pack bracket is provided with the first connection portion, so that the battery pack 2 can be replaced.
  • the battery replacement battery pack 2 has relatively ample installation space in the lateral direction, and also allows the top of the battery pack and the first connecting part to have sufficient space to set the locking and fixing structure.
  • the first locking mechanism 3 is also convenient to arrange the first locking mechanism 3 in the width direction of the vehicle body, so that the battery replacement battery pack 2 has more ample installation and fixing space and setting space, which is conducive to optimizing the mobility and installation stability of the battery replacement battery pack 2.
  • the number of the first locking mechanisms 3 is multiple, and the multiple first locking mechanisms 3 are arranged at intervals on the first connection part along the length direction of the vehicle body 1. In this way, the battery pack 2 can have more installation and fixing areas in its length direction, making the connection and installation of the battery pack 2 more stable.
  • a first connector 6 is provided at one end of the battery pack along the length direction of the vehicle body 1, and the vehicle body 1 is provided with a second connector 7 that cooperates with the first connector 6; the first connector 6 is connected to the second connector 7 to achieve electrical connection and/or liquid cooling connection between the battery pack and the vehicle body 1.
  • the connection and separation of the first connector 6 and the second connector 7 can be completed while installing and disassembling the battery pack 2 by moving it.
  • the safe distance between the front and rear sides of the battery pack 2 and the vehicle body structure can be utilized.
  • the first connector 6 can also be set on the top of the battery swap pack 2 or on the side of the vehicle body 1, and the second connector can be correspondingly set to be able to slide along the vehicle body 1 to follow the movement of the battery swap pack 2.
  • the second connector 7 is optionally arranged on the battery pack bracket, and the battery pack bracket further includes a connector mounting portion 1024 for mounting the second connector 7, and the connector mounting portion 1024 is connected to one end of the first connecting portion along the length direction of the vehicle body 1. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the connector mounting portion 1024 is arranged on the front side of the battery pack 2.
  • a guide portion is further provided on the top of the battery swap battery pack 2 to limit the relative position between the battery swap battery pack and the first connecting portion to guide the movement of the battery swap battery pack, and the guide portion cooperates with the first connecting portion along the moving direction of the battery swap battery pack 2.
  • the guide portion includes at least two guide ribs 801 arranged at intervals along the width direction of the vehicle body 1.
  • One of the inner or outer sides of the guide rib 801 is provided with an inclined guide surface 802, and the other side is folded to form a guide folded edge 803 extending along the length direction of the vehicle body 1.
  • the first connecting portion includes two longitudinal ribs, and the guide rib 801 slides with the two longitudinal ribs.
  • the guide rib 801 is provided with a hanging hole 11. As shown in Fig. 3, by providing the hanging hole 11, it is convenient to hoist and fix the battery pack 2 for battery replacement during transportation and maintenance.
  • the installation position of the first locking mechanism 3 is optional.
  • the first locking mechanism 3 is arranged on the top, side and bottom of the battery pack bracket. At least one of them.
  • the upper side of the battery pack 2 has a battery pack bracket structure and a first locking mechanism 3.
  • the battery pack 2 is separated from the vehicle body on the upper side, which is conducive to protecting the battery pack 2 from the top. As shown in FIG. 2 and FIG.
  • the structure of the battery pack bracket fixing the top of the battery pack 2 is located on the upper side of the battery pack 2.
  • the side of the battery pack 2 can be directly fixed to utilize the space between the side of the battery pack and the vehicle body 1, so as to utilize the space of the vehicle body 1 on the basis of improving the fixing effect.
  • a battery pack 2 is installed on both sides of the vehicle body 1. In this way, the battery replacement operation can be performed on both sides of the vehicle body 1, so that the electric vehicle provides more battery packs 2 for replacement, thereby improving the battery replacement efficiency of the electric vehicle.
  • a battery pack 2 can also be set on only one side of the electric vehicle.
  • the battery pack bracket includes a first bracket 1021 and a second bracket 1022, and the first bracket 1021 and the second bracket 1022 are respectively arranged on both sides of the vehicle beam 101, and the first bracket 1021 and the second bracket 1022 are respectively installed with at least one battery replacement battery pack 2.
  • the battery replacement action can be performed on both sides of the vehicle body 1, so that the electric vehicle provides more battery replacement battery packs 2, thereby improving the battery replacement efficiency of the electric vehicle.
  • the battery replacement battery pack 2 can also be set only on one side of the electric vehicle.
  • the first locking structure includes a lock base 301 and a locking portion 302, and the lock base 301 is provided with a lock slot 5 extending along the moving direction of the battery replacement battery pack 2, and the locking portion 302 can be moved into the lock slot 5;
  • the second locking mechanism 4 is a lock shaft 401 provided on the battery replacement battery pack 2; when the battery replacement battery pack 2 is in the locked position, the locking portion 302 locks the lock shaft 401 in the lock slot 5.
  • the lock shaft 401 is located in the lock slot 5, and the top and bottom walls of the lock slot 5 limit the vertical position of the lock shaft 401.
  • the locking portion 302 is only used to stop the lock shaft 401 from moving horizontally, so that the locking portion 302 bears less load, which can help maintain the locking stability of the locking portion 302.
  • the lock slot 5 includes a horizontal section 501 and a vertical section 502 that are connected; wherein, when the lock shaft 401 is located at one end where the horizontal section 501 and the vertical section 502 are connected, the battery pack 2 is located in the unlocking position, and when the lock shaft 401 is located at the other end of the horizontal section 501, the battery pack 2 is located in the locking position.
  • the lock slot 5 By setting the lock slot 5 into a horizontal section 501 and a vertical section 502, when the battery pack 2 is installed and disassembled, the lock shaft 401 is guided to move up and down by the vertical section 502.
  • the vertical section 502 can optimize the guide structure of the vertical section 502 on the basis of less or no additional increase in the vertical height of the lock base 301, so as to facilitate guiding the lock shaft 401 to the horizontal section 501, so as to facilitate the lock shaft 401 to enter the lock slot 5 more easily.
  • the side wall of the vertical section 502 can also play a certain degree of anti-slip limit role for the lock shaft 401 in the horizontal direction, and the bottom of the horizontal section 501 plays a supporting role for the lock shaft 401.
  • the locking slot 5 may also be configured to have only a horizontal section 501 .
  • connection structure of the lock shaft 401 in the battery replacement battery pack in the embodiment of the present application optionally, one end of the lock shaft 401 is connected to the battery replacement battery pack 2, as shown in Figures 5 and 13, the lock shaft 401 is arranged in a cantilever manner as a whole, and the outer end of the lock shaft 401 is convenient to enter the lock slot 5.
  • the connection structure between the lock shaft 401 and the battery replacement battery pack 2 can also adopt the arrangement shown in Figure 3, the lock shaft 401 is installed on the battery replacement battery pack 2 through the mounting bracket 402, and the two ends of the lock shaft 401 are respectively connected to the mounting bracket 402. As shown in Figure 3, the two ends of the mounting bracket 402 support the lock shaft 401, which can make the lock shaft 401 more evenly stressed and more stable to use.
  • a first connector 6 is provided on the top and/or side of the battery replacement battery pack 2, and a second connector 7 that cooperates with the first connector 6 is provided on the vehicle body 1; the first connector 6 is connected to the second connector 7 to realize electrical connection and/or liquid cooling connection between the battery replacement battery pack 2 and the vehicle body 1.
  • the first locking mechanism 3 is located on the side of the battery-swap battery pack 2, and the second locking mechanism 4 is arranged on the side of the battery-swap battery pack 2.
  • the first locking mechanism 3 is located on the side of the battery-swap battery pack 2
  • the side of the battery-swap battery pack 2 can be directly fixed to utilize the space between the side of the battery pack and the vehicle body 1, so as to utilize the space of the vehicle body 1 while improving the fixing effect.
  • the first locking mechanism 3 can also be located at the top of the battery-swap battery pack 2; the second locking mechanism 4 is arranged at the top of the battery-swap battery pack 2.
  • the upper side of the battery-swap battery pack 2 has a battery pack bracket structure and a first locking mechanism 3, which form a separation between the battery-swap battery pack 2 and the vehicle body on the upper side, which is conducive to protecting the battery-swap battery pack 2 from the top.
  • the structure of the battery pack bracket fixing the top of the battery-swap battery pack 2 is located on the upper side of the battery-swap battery pack 2 as a whole.
  • the vehicle beam 101 may optionally include two support beams 1011 spaced apart along the width direction of the vehicle body 1; the vehicle body 1 may also include a first reinforcement portion 1012, and the two ends of the first reinforcement portion 1012 are respectively connected to the two support beams 1011.
  • the vehicle beam 101 forms a frame structure as a whole, and the structural strength of the vehicle beam 101 is strengthened on the basis of reducing the weight of the vehicle beam 101, so that the structure can be stable when the vehicle beam 101 bears the battery pack 2 for battery replacement, especially by providing the second reinforcement portion 1023, the second reinforcement portion 1023 is provided at the battery pack installation position to ensure the installation and fixing effect of the battery pack.
  • the battery pack bracket includes a first bracket 1021 and a second bracket 1022 respectively arranged on both sides of the vehicle beam 101, and the battery pack bracket also includes a second reinforcement portion 1023;
  • the second reinforcement portion 1023 passes through the lower side of the vehicle beam 101, and the two ends of the second reinforcement portion 1023 are respectively connected to the first bracket 1021 and the second bracket 1022, so that the space under the beam can be used to reinforce the connection between the first bracket 1021 and the second bracket 1022, especially the first bracket 1021 and the second bracket 1022 have a reinforced connection extending from the lower side of the vehicle beam 101, so that the structure of the first bracket 1021 and the second bracket 1022 is more stable.
  • the second reinforcement part 1023 passes through the upper side of the vehicle beam 101, and the two ends of the second reinforcement part 1023 are respectively connected to the first bracket 1021 and the second bracket 1022, so that the space on the beam can be used to strengthen the connection with the first bracket.
  • the installation space can be utilized when there is installation space on the beam, and the installation structure of other structural components can also be set in the second reinforcement part 1023, such as the fixation of the connection pipeline of the battery replacement battery pack 2 on the vehicle body 1, etc.
  • the second reinforcement portion 1023 passes through the vehicle beam 101, and the two ends of the second reinforcement portion 1023 are respectively connected to the first bracket 1021 and the second bracket 1022, that is, a space for the second reinforcement portion 1023 to pass through is set in the vehicle beam 101, so as to optimize the connection position of the second reinforcement portion 1023 between the first bracket 1021 and the second bracket 1022.
  • the vehicle beam 101 includes two support beams 1011 spaced apart along the width direction of the vehicle body 1, the first bracket 1021 and the second bracket 1022 are respectively connected to the two support beams 1011, and the two ends of the second reinforcement part 1023 are respectively connected to the corresponding positions of the first bracket 1021 and the second bracket 1022 on the two support beams 1011.
  • the second reinforcement part 1023 directly acts on the battery pack installation position, and the first bracket 1021 and the second bracket 1022 are fixed while reinforcing the vehicle beam 101.
  • the second reinforcing part 1023 includes horizontal reinforcing bars 10231 arranged at intervals along the height direction of the vehicle body 1, and vertical reinforcing bars 10232 connecting adjacent horizontal reinforcing bars 10231; wherein, the middle part of the horizontal reinforcing bars 10231 located on the upper side and/or the lower side is recessed in the direction away from the vehicle beam 101.
  • the middle part of the horizontal reinforcing bar 10231 is recessed, which can avoid the vehicle beam 101, so that the horizontal reinforcing bar 10231 has a longer installation space in the first bracket 1021 and the second bracket 1022 in the vertical direction, which is conducive to the installation of the horizontal reinforcing bar 10231, and can also make the first bracket 1021 and the second bracket 1022 more balanced in force.
  • the bearing capacity of the second reinforcing part 1023 in the opposite direction of the recess can be strengthened, so that the horizontal reinforcing bar 10231 is not easily deformed in the vertical direction.
  • the second reinforcement portion 1023 may take the form of a straight beam and/or a recessed form as shown by the horizontal reinforcement rod 10231 .
  • the vehicle body 1 further includes a connector mounting portion 1024 for mounting the second connector 7;
  • the battery pack bracket further includes a third reinforcing portion 103; and both ends of the third reinforcing portion 103 are respectively connected to the connector mounting portions 1024 on both sides of the vehicle body 1.
  • the lower sections of the first bracket 1021 and the second bracket 1022 extend to the lower side of the vehicle beam 101 to form a connector mounting portion 1024
  • the third reinforcement portion 103 is configured to include a horizontal reinforcement rod 10231, which can stabilize the installation of the first bracket 1021 and the second bracket 1022, and can also strengthen and fix the connector mounting portion 1024.
  • the configuration of the third reinforcement portion 103 is not limited to the form shown in the figure, and in an alternative embodiment, it can also be configured in other forms, such as the horizontal reinforcement rod 10231 passing through the vehicle beam 101; or directly configuring a separate connector mounting portion 1024 on the vehicle beam 101.
  • the vehicle body 1 is provided with a plurality of first locking mechanisms 3 at intervals, and/or the battery pack 2 is provided with a plurality of second locking mechanisms 4 at intervals.
  • the battery pack 2 can have more and larger fixed areas, thereby making the force on the battery pack 2 more balanced and stable.
  • the first locking mechanism 3 and the second locking mechanism 4 can be arranged at intervals in the horizontal direction or in the vertical direction.
  • the vehicle body 1 further includes a protective plate 9, In the length direction of the vehicle body 1, the protective plate 9 is at least located on one side of the battery pack.
  • the protective plate can also be set between the battery pack and the wheel to protect the battery pack when foreign objects are caught in the wheel.
  • At least one side of the outer edge of the battery pack is provided with a linear or arc chamfer.
  • a linear or arc-shaped chamfer is arranged toward the front direction of the electric vehicle.
  • the present application also provides a battery replacement method for an electric vehicle, which is applied to any of the above electric vehicles, comprising:
  • a battery replacement battery pack 2 is installed on both sides of the vehicle body 1, the number of battery replacement devices is one, and the steps of controlling the battery replacement device to move to the preset position corresponding to the battery replacement battery pack 2 on the electric vehicle include:
  • the battery replacement device is controlled to move to the preset position corresponding to the battery replacement battery pack 2 on the other side of the vehicle body 1. In this way, the battery replacement of all the battery replacement battery packs 2 of the vehicle can be completed by a single battery replacement device.
  • battery swapping packs 2 are installed on both sides of the vehicle body 1, the number of battery swapping devices is multiple, and the step of controlling the battery swapping devices to move to the preset positions corresponding to the battery swapping battery packs 2 on the electric vehicle includes: controlling multiple battery swapping devices to move to the preset positions corresponding to the multiple battery swapping battery packs 2 respectively.
  • the step of controlling the battery replacement equipment to remove the battery replacement battery pack 2 on the vehicle body 1 includes:
  • the step of controlling the battery replacement equipment to install the battery replacement battery pack 2 on the vehicle body 1 includes:
  • the locking part 302 includes a lock tongue hinged on the lock base 301 and a connecting rod connected to the lock tongue.
  • the lock tongue extends into the lock slot 5 and can switch between the state of locking the lock shaft 401 and allowing the lock shaft 401 to pass. By pushing the connecting rod up and down, the lock tongue can be driven to rotate.
  • the locking portion 302 adopts an electromagnetic valve that can lock and open the lock slot 5, and the battery replacement equipment is provided with a trigger switch or push rod that can trigger the battery valve to unlock.

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Abstract

一种电动车辆,包括车身本体(1)以及电池包,沿车身本体(1)的宽度方向,车身本体(1)的两侧各至少安装有一个电池包,至少一个电池包为与车身本体(1)可拆卸连接的换电电池包(2);车身本体(1)上设有第一锁止机构(3),换电电池包(2)上设有与第一锁止机构(3)配合的第二锁止机构(4),换电电池包(2)沿车身本体(1)的长度方向在锁止位置和解锁位置之间移动,且换电电池包(2)位于锁止位置时,第一锁止机构(3)与第二锁止机构(4)相配合以将换电电池包(2)锁止于车身本体(1)上。还公开了一种电动车辆的换电方法。通过在车身两侧分别设置电池包,避免单个电池包的体积重量过大导致换电困难,平衡了车身两侧的负载,降低对锁止机构的承重要求;通过在水平方向锁止的锁止机构,使电池包在锁止位置时,避免锁止机构的活动部件承重,提高电池包与电动车辆连接的牢固性与稳定性;当其中一个电池包损坏时,其他电池包保证了电动车辆的正常运行。

Description

一种电动车辆及电动车辆的换电方法
本申请要求2022年12月01日提交中国专利局、申请号为202211531864.7、发明名称为“应用于换电设备和换电车辆的相关装置及工作方法”的中国专利申请的优先权,以及2022年12月30日提交中国专利局、申请号为202211732715.7、发明名称为“一种电动车辆及电动车辆的换电方法”的中国专利申请的优先权,其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及新能源汽车技术领域,尤其涉及一种电动车辆及电动车辆的换电方法。
背景技术
目前电动商用车,如电动卡车逐渐出现在很多应用场景中,对于这些车辆。由于电动卡车等商用车辆对电池包的容量需求较大,电池包的充电时间过长,目前无论哪种电池包如用快速充电都会大幅度降低电池包的容量和使用寿命,而且即便是所谓快速充电也需要近半小时,而且在用电高峰期充电成本也会大大增加,并且影响电动重卡车辆的使用效率。
基于上述原因,换电模式营运而生,相比充电而言,首先换电可以节省大量的时间,其次换电可以避开用电高峰进行充电。
当前,相关技术方案中,一般是将整个电池包设置在车身上。但是其普遍存在的问题是,由于电池包重量较大,且安装位置过于集中,容易对换电造成影响,对电动车辆上锁止机构的承重能力要求也较高。
发明内容
本申请要解决的技术问题是为了改善电动车辆换电电车包安装空间利用,提供一种电动车辆及电动车辆的换电方法。
本申请是通过下述技术方案来解决上述技术问题:提供了一种电动车辆,包括车身本体以及电池包,沿所述车身本体的宽度方向,所述车身本体的两侧各至少安装有一个电池包,其中至少一个电池包为与所述车身本体可拆卸连接的换电电池包;其中,所述车身本体上设有第一锁止机构,所述换电电池包设有与所述第一锁止机构配合的第二锁止机构,所述换电电池包沿所述车身本体的长度方向在锁止位置和解锁位置之间移动,且所述换电电池包位于锁止位置时,所述第一锁止机构与所述第二锁止机构相配合以将所述换电电池包锁止于所述车身本体上。
本申请的电动车辆,通过在车身本体的宽度方向分别安装电池包,使得多个电池包能够同时对电动车辆提供电能,电池包分布在车身板体的侧方,能够利用车身本体侧方的空间。通过换电电池包沿所述车身本体的长度方向在锁止位置和解锁位置之间移动,可以在安装和拆卸换电电池包时,使得换电电池包在车身本体侧方移动时更加 靠近车身本体方向,可以优化换电电池包和车身本体宽度方向之间的空间。还可利用换电电池包在其长度方向上与车身本体前后方向结构(如车轮)的安全距离提供换电电池包的移动空间,增加空间利用效率。
进一步地,所述车身本体包括车梁;所述第一锁止机构设置于所述车梁上,所述换电电池包可拆卸地安装于所述车梁。本申请通过将换电电池包通过第一锁止机构、第二锁止机构直接安装于车梁,可以使得换电电池包与车身本体连接更加稳定。
进一步地,所述第一锁止机构设置于所述车梁的侧部和/或底部。
本申请以此利用车辆的侧方和电池包的侧方的空间,有利于设置安装锁止机构。在将第一锁止机构设置于所述车梁的底部,对应的换电电池包在下段设置第二锁止机构,提供优化换电电池包安装空间的可能性,还可对换电电池包提供下段的安装固定力,以提高车梁对换电电池包的固定效果。
进一步地,所述车身本体包括车梁以及电池包支架,所述电池包支架与所述车梁固定连接,所述第一锁止机构设置于所述电池包支架上,所述换电电池包可拆卸地安装于所述电池包支架。
本申请通过将换电电池包安装在电池包支架。可以方便优化设置第一锁止机构的布置方式以及安装结构,以便于突破车梁本身的结构限制。
进一步地,所述电池包支架包括与所述车身本体相连的第一连接部,所述第一锁止机构设于所述第一连接部下侧。
本申请通过电池包支架设置第一连接部,可以将换电电池包安装在第一连接部的下侧,使得换电电池包在横向上具有相对充裕的安装空间,还可使得电池包的顶部和第一连接部具有充足的空间设置锁止固定结构。
进一步地,所述第一锁止结构的数量为多个,多个第一锁止机构沿所述车身本体的长度方向在所述第一连接部上间隔设置。
本申请以此可以使得换电电池包在其长度方向具有较多的安装固定区域,使得换电电池包的连接安装更加稳定。
进一步地,所述电池包沿所述车身本体长度方向的一端设有第一连接器,所述车身本体设有与所述第一连接器配合的第二连接器;所述第一连接器与所述第二连接器相连接以实现所述电池包与所述车身本体之间的电连接和/或液冷连接。
本申请以此可以通过移动换电电池包安装、拆卸的同时,完成第一连接器和第二连接器的连接和分离。并且,可以利用换电电池包前后两侧与车身结构的安全距离。
进一步地,所述电池包支架还包括用于安装所述第二连接器的连接器安装部,所述连接器安装部沿所述车身本体的长度方向连接于所述第一连接部的一端。
进一步地,所述换电电池包顶部设有导向部,所述导向部与所述第一连接部沿所述换电电池包的移动方向相配合。
本申请以此可以限制换电电池包与第一连接部之间的相对位置,以对换电电池包的移动进行导向,使得换电电池包在拆卸时移动顺畅,还可使得换电电池包安装后固定更加稳定。
进一步地,所述导向部包括至少两个沿所述车身本体宽度方向间隔布置的导向筋, 所述导向筋的内侧或外侧中的一侧设有倾斜的导向面,另一侧翻折形成沿所述车身本体长度方向延伸的导向折边。
本申请以此在换电电池包安装后,导向部能够在车身本体宽度方向对换电电池包进行限位固定,第一连接部包括两个纵筋,导向筋与两个纵筋滑动配合。通过设置导向斜面,还可方便将导向筋沿竖向移动至设定位置,以利于第一锁止机构和第二锁止机构对正动作。
进一步地,所述导向筋设有挂孔。
本申请通过设置挂孔,可以方便在转运维修等过程吊装固定换电电池包。
进一步地,所述第一锁止机构设置于所述电池包支架的顶部、侧部以及底部中的至少一处。
本申请通过将第一锁止机构设置于电池包支架的顶部,可以在换电电池包安装后,实现换电电池包的顶部固定,换电电池包的受力增加均衡稳定。通过将第一锁止机构设置在电池包支架的侧方,能够对换电电池包侧方直接进行固定,以利用电池包侧方与车身本体之间的空间,以在提高固定效果的基础上,利用车身本体的空间。
进一步地,所述车身本体的两侧均安装有换电电池包。
本申请以此可以在车身本体两侧分别进行换电动作,使得电动车辆提供更多的可换电电池包,提高电动车辆的换电效率。对于一些可替换的实施例中,也可仅在电动车辆的单侧设置换电电池包。
进一步地,所述电池包支架包括第一支架以及第二支架,所述第一支架与所述第二支架分别设于所述车梁的两侧,所述第一支架与所述第二支架分别安装有至少一个换电电池包。
本申请以此可以在车身本体两侧分别进行换电动作,使得电动车辆提供更多的可换电电池包,提高电动车辆的换电效率。对于一些可替换的实施例,也可仅在电动车辆的单侧设置换电电池包。
进一步地,所述第一锁止结构包括锁基座与锁止部,所述锁基座上设置有沿所述换电电池包移动方向延伸的锁槽,所述锁止部可移动伸入所述锁槽;第二锁止机构为所述换电电池包上设置的锁轴;所述换电电池包位于锁止位置时,所述锁止部将所述锁轴锁止于所述锁槽内。
本申请通过将第一锁止机构和第二锁止机构设置成锁槽和锁轴,使得换电电池包处于锁止位置时,锁轴位于锁槽内,锁槽的顶底壁对锁轴在竖向上限位,锁止部仅做止动锁轴横向移动用,使得锁止部承受较少的负荷,能够利于保持锁止部的锁止稳定。
进一步地,所述锁槽包括相连通的水平段与竖直段;其中,所述锁轴位于所述水平段与竖直段相连的一端时,所述换电电池包位于所述解锁位置,所述锁轴位于所述水平段的另一端时,所述换电电池包位于所述锁止位置。
本申请通过将锁槽设置成水平段和竖直段,换电电池包在进行安装和拆卸时,通过竖直段引导锁轴上下移动,而且,竖直段的侧壁还可对锁轴在横向上起到一定程度的防脱限位作用,水平段的底部则对锁轴起到支撑作用。
可选的,所述锁轴的一端连接在所述换电电池包,以此使得锁轴整体呈悬臂的设 置方式,锁轴的外端方便进入锁槽;
可选的,所述锁轴通过安装支架安装在所述换电电池包,所述锁轴的两端分别连接于所述安装支架。本申请通过安装支架两端支撑锁轴,可以使得锁轴受力更加均衡,使用更加稳定。
进一步地,所述换电电池包的顶部和/或侧部设有第一连接器,所述车身本体设置与所述第一连接器配合的第二连接器;所述第一连接器与所述第二连接器相连接以实现所述换电电池包与所述车身本体之间的电连接和/或液冷连接。
进一步地,在所述换电电池包位于所述锁止位置时,所述第一锁止机构位于所述换电电池包的侧部和/或顶部;
所述第二锁止机构设置于所述换电电池包的侧部和/或顶部。
本申请通过将第一锁止机构设置在换电电池包的侧方,能够对换电电池包侧方直接进行固定,以利用电池包侧方与车身本体之间的空间。本申请通过将第一锁止机构设置于换电电池包的顶部,可以在换电电池包安装后,换电电池包的受力增加均衡稳定。
进一步地,所述车梁包括两个沿所述车身本体宽度方向间隔设置的支梁体;所述车身本体还包括第一加强部,且所述第一加强部的两端分别连接于两个所述支梁体。
本申请通过如此设置,使得车梁整体形成框架结构,在减轻车梁重量的基础上加强车梁的结构强度,以在车梁承重换电电池包时能够结构稳定。
进一步地,所述电池包支架包括分别设于所述车梁的两侧的第一支架与第二支架,所述电池包支架还包括第二加强部;
可选的,所述第二加强部由所述车梁下侧穿过,且所述第二加强部的两端分别连接于所述第一支架与所述第二支架,以此可以利用梁下空间进行加强连接第一支架和第二支架,尤其是第一支架第二支架具有延下车梁下侧部分进行加强连接,使得第一支架和第二支架结构更加稳定;
可选的,所述第二加强部由所述车梁上侧穿过,且所述第二加强部的两端分别连接于所述第一支架与所述第二支架,以此可以利用梁上空间进行加强连接第一支架和第二支架,在一些实施例中,可以在梁上具有安装空间时利用安装空间,还可在第二加强部设置其他结构部件的安装结构,如电池包的在车身本体连接管线的固定等;
可选的,所述第二加强部穿过车梁,且所述第二加强部的两端分别连接于所述第一支架与所述第二支架,以此可以便于优化第一支架和第二支架之间第二加强部的连接位置,以此可以便于优化第一支架和第二支架之间第二加强部的连接位置;
可选的,所述车梁包括两个沿所述车身本体宽度方向间隔设置的支梁体,所述第一支架与所述第二支架分别连接与两个所述支梁体,且所述第二加强部的两端分别连接于两个所述支梁体上所述第一支架与所述第二支架的对应位置。
进一步地,所述第二加强部包括沿所述车身本体的高度方向间隔设置的水平加强杆、连接相邻所述水平加强杆的竖直加强杆;
其中,位于上侧和/或下侧的所述水平加强杆的中部朝远离所述车梁的方向凹陷。
进一步地,所述车身本体还包括用于安装所述第二连接器的连接器安装部;所述 电池包支架还包括第三加强部;所述第三加强部的两端分别连接于所述车身本体的两侧的连接器安装部。
进一步地,在竖直方向上,所述车身本体间隔设有多个第一锁止机构,和/或所述换电电池包上间隔设有多个第二锁止机构。
进一步地,所述车身本体还包括防护板,在所述车身本体的长度方向上,所述防护板至少位于所述电池包的一侧。
进一步地,所述电池包的至少一侧外缘设有直线型或圆弧型倒角。
进一步地,在所述车身本体的长度方向上,所述直线型或圆弧型倒角朝向所述电动车辆的车头方向设置。
本申请提供了一种电动车辆的换电方法,应用于上述任意一项所述的电动车辆,包括:
控制换电设备移动至电动车辆上换电电池包对应的预设位置;
控制所述换电设备将所述车身本体上的换电电池包拆下;
和/或,控制所述换电设备将换电电池包安装至所述车身本体上。
进一步地,所述车身本体的两侧均安装有换电电池包,所述换电设备的数量为一个,控制换电设备移动至电动车辆上换电电池包对应的预设位置的步骤包括:
在位于所述车身本体一侧的换电完成后,控制所述换电设备移动至所述车身本体另一侧的换电电池包对应的预设位置。
进一步地,所述车身本体的两侧均安装有换电电池包,所述换电设备的数量为多个,控制换电设备移动至电动车辆上换电电池包对应的预设位置的步骤包括:
控制多个所述换电设备分别移动至多个换电电池包对应的预设位置。
进一步地,控制所述换电设备将所述车身本体上的换电电池包拆下的步骤包括:
控制所述换电设备对所述换电电池包进行解锁动作,以使所述第一锁止机构与所述第二锁止机构解除配合状态;
控制所述换电设备带动所述电池包沿水平方向移动,以使所述电池包移动至解锁位置;
控制所述换电设备带动所述换电电池包与所述车身本体分离。
进一步地,控制所述换电设备将换电电池包安装至所述车身本体上的步骤包括:
控制所述换电设备带动所述电池包移动至解锁位置;
控制所述换电设备带动所述换电电池包沿水平方向移动至锁止位置,以使所述第一锁止机构与所述第二锁止机构相配合。
本申请的积极进步效果在于:本申请提供了电动车辆及电动车辆的换电方法,通过在车身两侧分别设置电池包,避免单个电池包的体积重量过大导致换电困难,平衡了车身两侧的负载,降低对锁止机构的承重要求,通过水平方向锁止的锁止机构,使电池包在锁止位置时,避免锁止机构的活动部件进行承,提高电池包与电动车辆连接的牢固性与稳定性;另一方面,当其中一个电池包损坏时,其他电池包的存在保证了电动车辆的正常运行。
附图说明
本申请的上述和/或附加的方面和优点从结合下面附图对实施例的描述中将变得明显和容易理解,其中:
图1为本申请实施例提供的一种电动车辆的结构示意图;
图2为图1所示实施例中去掉换电电池包后的结构示意图;
图3为图1所示实施例中电池包的结构示意图;
图4为本申请另一个实施例中电池包支架的结构示意图。
图5为图4所示实施例对应的换电电池包的结构示意图。
图6为图4示例的俯视结构示意图。
图7为本申请提供的一种第一锁止机构在锁止状态下的结构示意图。
图8为本申请提供的一种第一锁止机构在解锁状态下的结构示意图。
图9为本申请另一个实施例中电池包支架、换电电池包、车梁配合后的结构示意图。
图10为图9中换电电池包处的局部放大结构示意图。
图11为图9所示实施例中电池包支架和换电电池包配合后的结构示意图。
图12为图9所示实施例中电池包支架的结构示意图。
图13为图9所示实施例中换电电池包的结构示意图。
图14为图9中第一锁止机构处的侧向剖视结构示意图。
附图标记说明
车身本体1;车梁101;支梁体1011;第一加强部1012;第一支架1021;第二支架1022;第二加强部1023;水平加强杆10231;竖直加强杆10232;第三加强部103;连接器安装部1024;
换电电池包2;第一锁止机构3;锁基座301;锁止部302;第二锁止机构4;锁轴401;安装支架402;锁槽5;水平段501;竖直段502;第一连接器6;第二连接器7;
导向筋801;导向面802;导向折边803;防护板9;挂孔11。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例的方式进一步说明本申请,但并不因此将本申请限制在所述的实施例范围之中。
本申请实施例提供了一种电动车辆,其实现方式按照如图1-14中示例进行实施说明,应该理解的是,本申请提供的实施方式包括并不限于图1-14中所示的形式,包括车身本体1以及电池包,沿车身本体1的宽度方向,车身本体1的两侧各至少安装有一个电池包,其中至少一个电池包为与车身本体1可拆卸连接的换电电池包2;其中,车身本体1上设有第一锁止机构3,换电电池包2设有与第一锁止机构3配合的第二锁止机构4,换电电池包2沿车身本体的长度方向在锁止位置和解锁位置之间移动,且换电电池包2位于锁止位置时,第一锁止机构3与第二锁止机构4相配合以将换电电池包2锁止于车身本体1上。
本申请的电动车辆,通过在车身本体1的宽度方向分别安装电池包,以达到将电 池包安装在车身本体1侧方的设置方式,使得多个电池包能够同时对电动车辆提供电能,电池包分布在车身板体的侧方,能够利用车身本体1侧方的空间。而且,通过设置换电电池包2,并使得换电电池包2在水平方向移动实现锁止和解锁,可以在车身本体1的侧方通过水平移动对电池包进行操作,以方便在车身本体1的侧方对电池包进行装入或取出,还可在水平方向移动换电电池包2至锁止位置后,在不施加外力移动换电电池包2时换电电池包2难以移动至解锁位置,使得换电电池包2在使用状态连接稳定,不易连接失效。
通过换电电池包2沿车身本体的长度方向在锁止位置和解锁位置之间移动,可以在安装和拆卸换电电池包2时,使得换电电池包2在车身本体1侧方移动时更加靠近车身本体1方向,可以优化换电电池包2和车身本体1宽度方向之间的空间。还可利用换电电池包2在其长度方向上与车身本体1前后方向结构(如车轮)的安全距离提供换电电池包2的移动空间,增加空间利用效率。还可在一些实施例中,如图所示,在换电电池包2前侧设置第二连接器7,以在换电电池包2沿车身本体1长度方向移动时,完成第一连接器6和第二连接器7的连接。
作为本申请的一种实现方式,如图1、图4、图9所示的实施方式,对于第一锁止机构3的设置,在可选的实施例中,车身本体1包括车梁101;第一锁止机构3设置于车梁101上,换电电池包2可拆卸地安装于车梁101。通过将换电电池包2通过第一锁止机构3、第二锁止机构4直接安装于车梁101,可以使得换电电池包2与车身本体1连接更加稳定。
对于第一锁止机构3设置于车梁101的实施方式中,第一锁止机构3的安装位置,包括但不限于如下实施例,其一,第一锁止机构3设置于车梁101的侧部,通过将第一锁止机构3设置于车梁101的侧方,对应的可以在换电电池包的侧方设置第二锁止机构4,车辆的侧方和电池包的侧方具有较大的空间,有利于设置安装锁止机构。其二,第一锁止机构3设置于车梁101的底部,对应的,换电电池包2在下段设置第二锁止机构4,通过如此设置可以使得电池包在下段具有锁止安装位置,提供优化换电电池包2安装空间的可能性,还可对换电电池包2提供下段的安装固定力,以提高车梁101对换电电池包2的固定效果。再或者,也可同时将第一锁止机构3设置在车梁101的侧部、底部。
对于换电电池包2在车身本体1的安装方式,如图1、图4、图9所示的实施方式,车身本体1包括车梁101以及电池包支架,电池包支架与车梁101固定连接,第一锁止机构3设置于电池包支架上,换电电池包2可拆卸地安装于电池包支架。通过将换电电池包2安装在电池包支架。可以方便优化设置第一锁止机构3的布置方式以及安装结构,以便于突破车梁101本身的结构限制。而且,还可将车辆的连接器等附属机构设置于电池包支架上,实现换电电池包2结构的整体安装、拆卸,简化安装步骤和流程,提升安装效率,方便对现有电动车辆进行改装。
在本申请提供的换电电池包2在车身本体1长度方向移动的实施方式中,进一步地,电池包支架包括与车身本体1相连的第一连接部,第一锁止机构3设于第一连接部下侧。如图1和图2所示,通过电池包支架设置第一连接部,可以将换电电池包2 安装在第一连接部的下侧,使得换电电池包2在横向上具有相对充裕的安装空间,还可使得电池包的顶部和第一连接部具有充足的空间设置锁止固定结构。
还可以便于在车身宽度方向布置第一锁止机构3,使得换电电池包2具有更充裕的安装固定空间和设置空间,利于对换电电池包2的移动便捷性、安装稳定性进行优化设置。
对于在第一连接部下侧设置第一锁止机构3的实施方式中,作为可选的,第一锁止结构3的数量为多个,多个第一锁止机构3沿车身本体1的长度方向在第一连接部上间隔设置。以此可以使得换电电池包2在其长度方向具有较多的安装固定区域,使得换电电池包2的连接安装更加稳定。
作为换电电池包2沿车身本体1长度方向移动的实施方式中,进一步地,电池包沿车身本体1长度方向的一端设有第一连接器6,车身本体1设有与第一连接器6配合的第二连接器7;第一连接器6与第二连接器7相连接以实现电池包与车身本体1之间的电连接和/或液冷连接。以此可以通过移动换电电池包2安装、拆卸的同时,完成第一连接器6和第二连接器7的连接和分离。并且,可以利用换电电池包2前后两侧与车身结构的安全距离。
对于第一连接器6和第二连接器7的设置方式,在换电电池包2沿车身本体1长度方向移动的实施方式中,还可将第一连接器6设置于换电电池包2的顶部或车身本体1的侧方,对应的将第二连机器设置成可沿车身本体1滑动,以跟随换电电池包2移动。
换电电池包2沿车身本体1长度方向移动的实施方式中,对于第二连接器7在电池包支架的设置方式,作为可选的,电池包支架还包括用于安装第二连接器7的连接器安装部1024,连接器安装部1024沿车身本体1的长度方向连接于第一连接部的一端。如图2和图3所示,连接器安装部1024设置于换电电池包2的前侧。
对于图1所示的实施例,为了换电电池包2的安装拆卸更加顺畅,固定后连接更加稳定,进一步地,换电电池包2顶部设有导向部,限制换电电池包与第一连接部之间的相对位置,以对换电电池包的移动进行导向,导向部与第一连接部沿换电电池包2的移动方向相配合。
在图示的实施例中,导向部的结构设置如图3,导向部包括至少两个沿车身本体1宽度方向间隔布置的导向筋801,导向筋801的内侧或外侧中的一侧设有倾斜的导向面802,另一侧翻折形成沿车身本体1长度方向延伸的导向折边803。以此在换电电池包2安装后,导向部能够在车身本体1宽度方向对换电电池包2进行限位固定,第一连接部包括两个纵筋,导向筋801与两个纵筋滑动配合。通过设置导向斜面,还可方便将导向筋801沿竖向移动至设定位置,以利于第一锁止机构3和第二锁止机构4对正动作。
对于图1所示的实施例,进一步地,导向筋801设有挂孔11。如图3所示,通过设置挂孔11,可以方便在转运维修等过程吊装固定换电电池包2。
对于换电电池包2通过电池包支架安装在车身本体1的实施例中,第一锁止机构3的安装位置,作为可选的,第一锁止机构3设置于电池包支架的顶部、侧部以及底部 中的至少一处。如图1所示的实施方式,通过将第一锁止机构3设置于电池包支架的顶部,可以在换电电池包2安装后,实现换电电池包2的顶部固定,换电电池包2的受力增加均衡稳定,换电电池包2上侧具有电池包支架结构、第一锁止机构3,换电电池包2在上侧与车身的分隔,有利于从顶部对换电电池包2进行防护,如图2和图3所示,电池包支架固定换电电池包2顶部的结构整体位于换电电池包2的上侧。如图4和图9所示的实施方式,通过将第一锁止机构3设置在电池包支架的侧方,能够对换电电池包2侧方直接进行固定,以利用电池包侧方与车身本体1之间的空间,以在提高固定效果的基础上,利用车身本体1的空间。
在本申请可选的实施例中,车身本体1的两侧均安装有换电电池包2。以此可以在车身本体1两侧分别进行换电动作,使得电动车辆提供更多的可换电电池包2,提高电动车辆的换电效率。对于一些可替换的实施例中,也可仅在电动车辆的单侧设置换电电池包2。
在本申请提供的实施方式中,可选地,如图1、图4、图9所示的实施方式,电池包支架包括第一支架1021以及第二支架1022,第一支架1021与第二支架1022分别设于车梁101的两侧,第一支架1021与第二支架1022分别安装有至少一个换电电池包2。以此可以在车身本体1两侧分别进行换电动作,使得电动车辆提供更多的可换电电池包2,提高电动车辆的换电效率。对于一些可替换的实施例中,也可仅在电动车辆的单侧设置换电电池包2。
对于第一锁止机构3的设置方式,在可选的实施方式中,如图1、图4、图9所示的实施方式,进一步地,第一锁止结构包括锁基座301与锁止部302,锁基座301上设置有沿换电电池包2移动方向延伸的锁槽5,锁止部302可移动伸入锁槽5;第二锁止机构4为换电电池包2上设置的锁轴401;换电电池包2位于锁止位置时,锁止部302将锁轴401锁止于锁槽5内。如图2、图3、图4、图5、图7、图8、图12、图13所示,通过将第一锁止机构3和第二锁止机构4设置成锁槽5和锁轴401,使得换电电池包2处于锁止位置时,锁轴401位于锁槽5内,锁槽5的顶底壁对锁轴401在竖向上限位,锁止部302仅做止动锁轴401横向移动用,使得锁止部302承受较少的负荷,能够利于保持锁止部302的锁止稳定。
作为可选的实施方式,进一步地,如图7、图8所示,锁槽5包括相连通的水平段501与竖直段502;其中,锁轴401位于水平段501与竖直段502相连的一端时,换电电池包2位于解锁位置,锁轴401位于水平段501的另一端时,换电电池包2位于锁止位置。通过将锁槽5设置成水平段501和竖直段502,换电电池包2在进行安装和拆卸时,通过竖直段502引导锁轴401上下移动,作为优化设置,竖直段502可以在较少或者不额外增加锁基座301竖向高度的基础上优化竖直段502的导向结构,以方便将锁轴401引导至水平段501,利于使得锁轴401较为容易的进入锁槽5。而且,竖直段502的侧壁还可对锁轴401在横向上起到一定程度的防脱限位作用,水平段501的底部则对锁轴401起到支撑作用。通过如此设置,在安装换电电池包2时,可以以先水平移动至锁轴401位于竖直段502下端,再向上移动、横向移动的安装方式,以此动作,可以在上下移动、横向移动时将换电电池包2的连接结构与车身本体1对应结 构对正或者进行连接。
本申请另外的实施方式中,也可将锁槽5设置为仅具有水平段501。
对于本申请实施方式中的锁轴401在换电电池包的连接结构,可选地,锁轴401的一端连接在换电电池包2,如图5和图13所示,锁轴401整体呈悬臂的设置方式,锁轴401的外端方便进入锁槽5。锁轴401与换电电池包2的连接结构,还可采用如图3所示的设置方式,锁轴401通过安装支架402安装在换电电池包2,锁轴401的两端分别连接于安装支架402。如图3所示,安装支架402两端支撑锁轴401,可以使得锁轴401受力更加均衡,使用更加稳定。
在本申请的实施方式中,进一步地,换电电池包2的顶部和/或侧部设有第一连接器6,车身本体1设置与第一连接器6配合的第二连接器7;第一连接器6与第二连接器7相连接以实现换电电池包2与车身本体1之间的电连接和/或液冷连接。
作为第一锁止结构可选的设置方式,在换电电池包2位于锁止位置时,第一锁止机构3位于换电电池包2的侧部,第二锁止机构4设置于换电电池包2的侧部。通过将第一锁止机构3设置在换电电池包2的侧方,能够对换电电池包2侧方直接进行固定,以利用电池包侧方与车身本体1之间的空间,以在提高固定效果的基础上,利用车身本体1的空间。
作为第一锁止结构可选的设置方式,在换电电池包2位于锁止位置时,如图2、图3所示,还可将第一锁止机构3位于换电电池包2的顶部;第二锁止机构4设置于换电电池包2的顶部。通过将第一锁止机构3设置于换电电池包2的顶部,可以在换电电池包2安装后,实现换电电池包2的顶部固定,换电电池包2的受力增加均衡稳定,换电电池包2上侧具有电池包支架结构、第一锁止机构3,形成换电电池包2在上侧与车身的分隔,有利于从顶部对换电电池包2进行防护,如图2所示,电池包支架固定换电电池包2顶部的结构整体位于换电电池包2的上侧。
在本申请设置车梁101的实施方式中,可选地,车梁101包括两个沿车身本体1宽度方向间隔设置的支梁体1011;车身本体1还包括第一加强部1012,且第一加强部1012的两端分别连接于两个支梁体1011。通过如此设置,使得车梁101整体形成框架结构,在减轻车梁101重量的基础上加强车梁101的结构强度,以在车梁101承重换电电池包2时能够结构稳定,尤其是通过设置第二加强部1023,在电池包安装位置设置第二加强部1023,保证电池包的安装固定效果。
作为对于车梁101、电池包支架的设置方式,本申请提供但不限于如下实施方式的设置,电池包支架包括分别设于车梁101的两侧的第一支架1021与第二支架1022,电池包支架还包括第二加强部1023;
其一,如图4所示,第二加强部1023由车梁101下侧穿过,且第二加强部1023的两端分别连接于第一支架1021与第二支架1022,以此可以利用梁下空间进行加强连接第一支架1021和第二支架1022,尤其是第一支架1021第二支架1022具有延下车梁101下侧部分进行加强连接,使得第一支架1021和第二支架1022结构更加稳定。
其二,第二加强部1023由车梁101上侧穿过,且第二加强部1023的两端分别连接于第一支架1021与第二支架1022,以此可以利用梁上空间进行加强连接第一支架 1021和第二支架1022,在一些实施例中,可以在梁上具有安装空间时利用安装空间,还可在第二加强部1023设置其他结构部件的安装结构,如换电电池包2的在车身本体1连接管线的固定等。
其三,第二加强部1023穿过车梁101,且第二加强部1023的两端分别连接于第一支架1021与第二支架1022,即在车梁101设置第二加强部1023穿过的空间,以此可以便于优化第一支架1021和第二支架1022之间第二加强部1023的连接位置。
其四,车梁101包括两个沿车身本体1宽度方向间隔设置的支梁体1011,第一支架1021与第二支架1022分别连接与两个支梁体1011,且第二加强部1023的两端分别连接于两个支梁体1011上第一支架1021与第二支架1022的对应位置。以此使得第二加强部1023直接作用在电池包安装位置,对车梁101进行加固的同时,完成对第一支架1021和第二支架1022的固定。
作为本申请设置第二加强部1023的实施方式,如图4所示,进一步地,第二加强部1023包括沿车身本体1的高度方向间隔设置的水平加强杆10231、连接相邻水平加强杆10231的竖直加强杆10232;其中,位于上侧和/或下侧的水平加强杆10231的中部朝远离车梁101的方向凹陷。如图4所示,水平加强杆10231中部凹陷,可以避让车梁101,使得水平加强杆10231在第一支架1021和第二支架1022在竖向上具有更长的安装空间,利于安装水平加强杆10231,还可使得第一支架1021和第二支架1022受力更加均衡。如图4所示,通过将部分水平加强杆10231设置成凹陷,还可使得第二加强部1023在凹陷的反方向上承载力变强,使得水平加强杆10231在竖向不易变形。
至于第二加强部1023由车梁101穿过或者设置于支梁体1011之间的实施例中,第二加强部1023可以采用直梁和/或者水平加强杆10231所示的凹陷形式。
在本申请提供的实施方式中,如图1、图4、图9所示,对于第二连接器7的设置,进一步地,车身本体1还包括用于安装第二连接器7的连接器安装部1024;电池包支架还包括第三加强部103;第三加强部103的两端分别连接于车身本体1的两侧的连接器安装部1024。通过第三加强部103连接车身本体1两侧的连接器安装部1024成一体,可以提高对于连接器安装部1024在车身本体1的安装结构稳定。
在图4、图9所示的实施例中,进一步地,第一支架1021和第二支架1022的下段延伸至车梁101下侧形成连接器安装部1024,第三加强部103设置成包括水平加强杆10231的方式,水平加强杆10231能够使得第一支架1021和第二支架1022的安装固定稳定,还可加强固定连接器安装部1024。当然,对于第三加强部103的设置,并不限于图中的形式,在可替换的实施例中,还可设置成其他的形式,如水平加强杆10231穿过车梁101;再或者如直接在车梁101设置单独的连接器安装部1024。
在本申请提供的实施方式中,进一步地,如图9所示的实施例,在竖直方向上,车身本体1间隔设有多个第一锁止机构3,和/或换电电池包2上间隔设有多个第二锁止机构4。通过设置多个第一锁止机构3和第二锁止机构4,可以使得换电电池包2具有更多更大的固定区域,进而使得换电电池包2的受力更加均衡稳定。作为可选的设置,第一锁止机构3、第二锁止机构4可以沿横向间隔设置,也可以沿竖向间隔设置。
在本申请提供的实施方式中,进一步地,如图1所示,车身本体1还包括防护板9, 在车身本体1的长度方向上,防护板9至少位于电池包的一侧。如图1所示,通过设置护板,可以对电池包在车梁101行进方向进行防护,可以减少行进过程中外界对电池包的影响或损坏,还可将护板设置于电池包与车轮之间位置,在异物卷入车轮时对电池包进行防护。
在本申请提供的实施方式中,进一步地,电池包的至少一侧外缘设有直线型或圆弧型倒角。通过设置倒角,可以在移动电池包时,使得倒角位置位于电池包的侧端,以减少电池包与外界磕碰损伤的概率。
在本申请提供的实施方式中,进一步地,在车身本体1的长度方向上,直线型或圆弧型倒角朝向电动车辆的车头方向设置。
本申请还提供了一种电动车辆的换电方法,应用于上述任意一项的电动车辆,包括:
控制换电设备移动至电动车辆上换电电池包2对应的预设位置;
控制换电设备将车身本体1上的换电电池包2拆下;
和/或,控制换电设备将换电电池包2安装至车身本体1上。
作为对换电方法的进一步优化,车身本体1的两侧均安装有换电电池包2,换电设备的数量为一个,控制换电设备移动至电动车辆上换电电池包2对应的预设位置的步骤包括:
在位于车身本体1一侧的换电完成后,控制换电设备移动至车身本体1另一侧的换电电池包2对应的预设位置。以此可以通过单个换电设备完成对车辆所有换电电池包2的换电。
在可替换的实施例中,还可如此设置,车身本体1的两侧均安装有换电电池包2,换电设备的数量为多个,控制换电设备移动至电动车辆上换电电池包2对应的预设位置的步骤包括:控制多个换电设备分别移动至多个换电电池包2对应的预设位置。
在可选的实施例中,对于换电方法,进一步地,控制换电设备将车身本体1上的换电电池包2拆下的步骤包括:
控制换电设备对换电电池包2进行解锁动作,以使第一锁止机构3与第二锁止机构4解除配合状态;
控制换电设备带动电池包沿水平方向移动,以使电池包移动至解锁位置;
控制换电设备带动换电电池包2与车身本体1分离。
在可选的实施例中,对于换电方法,进一步地,控制换电设备将换电电池包2安装至车身本体1上的步骤包括:
控制换电设备带动电池包移动至解锁位置;
控制换电设备带动换电电池包2沿水平方向移动至锁止位置,以使第一锁止机构3与第二锁止机构4相配合。
对于本申请中的锁止部302的设置,在其中一种实施例中,如图所示,锁止部302包括了铰接在锁基座301的锁舌、与锁舌相连的连杆,锁舌伸入锁槽5内能够在锁止锁轴401允许锁轴401通过的状态之间切换,通过上下推动连杆,可以带动锁舌转动。此并不作为对本申请中的锁止部302的实施方式限制,在可替换的实施例中,还可采 用其他形式,例如,锁止部302采用能够锁止和打开锁槽5的电磁阀,换电设备设置能够触发电池阀解锁的触发开关或推杆。
虽然以上描述了本申请的具体实施方式,但是本领域的技术人员应当理解,这仅是举例说明,本申请的保护范围是由所附权利要求书限定的。本领域的技术人员在不背离本申请的原理和实质的前提下,可以对这些实施方式做出多种变更或修改,但这些变更和修改均落入本申请的保护范围。

Claims (32)

  1. 一种电动车辆,其特征在于,包括车身本体以及电池包,沿所述车身本体的宽度方向,所述车身本体的两侧各至少安装有一个电池包,其中至少一个电池包为与所述车身本体可拆卸连接的换电电池包;
    其中,所述车身本体上设有第一锁止机构,所述换电电池包设有与所述第一锁止机构配合的第二锁止机构,所述换电电池包沿所述车身本体的长度方向在锁止位置和解锁位置之间移动,且所述换电电池包位于锁止位置时,所述第一锁止机构与所述第二锁止机构相配合以将所述换电电池包锁止于所述车身本体上。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电动车辆,其特征在于,所述车身本体包括车梁;所述第一锁止机构设置于所述车梁上,所述换电电池包可拆卸地安装于所述车梁。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电动车辆,其特征在于,所述第一锁止机构设置于所述车梁的侧部和/或底部。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的电动车辆,其特征在于,所述车身本体包括车梁以及电池包支架,所述电池包支架与所述车梁固定连接,所述第一锁止机构设置于所述电池包支架上,所述换电电池包可拆卸地安装于所述电池包支架。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的电动车辆,其特征在于,所述电池包支架包括与所述车身本体相连的第一连接部,所述第一锁止机构设于所述第一连接部下侧。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的电动车辆,其特征在于,所述第一锁止结构的数量为多个,多个第一锁止机构沿所述车身本体的长度方向在所述第一连接部上间隔设置。
  7. 根据权利要求4所述的电动车辆,其特征在于,所述电池包沿所述车身本体长度方向的一端设有第一连接器,所述车身本体设有与所述第一连接器配合的第二连接器;所述第一连接器与所述第二连接器相连接以实现所述电池包与所述车身本体之间的电连接和/或液冷连接。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的电动车辆,其特征在于,所述电池包支架还包括用于安装所述第二连接器的连接器安装部,所述连接器安装部沿所述车身本体的长度方向连接于所述第一连接部的一端。
  9. 根据权利要求5所述的电动车辆,其特征在于,所述换电电池包顶部或朝向所述车身本体的侧部设有导向部,所述导向部与所述第一连接部沿所述换电电池包的移动方向相配合。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的电动车辆,其特征在于,所述导向部包括至少两个沿所述车身本体宽度方向间隔布置的导向筋,所述导向筋的内侧或外侧中的一侧设有倾斜的导向面,另一侧翻折形成沿所述车身本体长度方向延伸的导向折边。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的电动车辆,其特征在于,所述导向筋设有挂孔。
  12. 根据权利要求1所述的电动车辆,其特征在于,所述第一锁止机构设置于所述电池包支架的顶部、侧部以及底部中的至少一处。
  13. 根据权利要求1所述的电动车辆,其特征在于,所述车身本体的两侧均安装有换电电池包。
  14. 根据权利要求4所述的电动车辆,其特征在于,所述电池包支架包括第一支架以及第二支架,所述第一支架与所述第二支架分别设于所述车梁的两侧,所述第一支 架与所述第二支架分别安装有至少一个换电电池包。
  15. 根据权利要求1所述的电动车辆,其特征在于,所述第一锁止结构包括锁基座与锁止部,所述锁基座上设置有沿所述换电电池包移动方向延伸的锁槽,所述锁止部可移动伸入所述锁槽;第二锁止机构为所述换电电池包上设置的锁轴;所述换电电池包位于锁止位置时,所述锁止部将所述锁轴锁止于所述锁槽内。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的电动车辆,其特征在于,所述锁槽包括相连通的水平段与竖直段;其中,所述锁轴位于所述水平段与竖直段相连的一端时,所述换电电池包位于所述解锁位置,所述锁轴位于所述水平段的另一端时,所述换电电池包位于所述锁止位置。
  17. 根据权利要求15所述的电动车辆,其特征在于,所述锁轴的一端连接在所述换电电池包,和/或
    所述锁轴通过安装支架安装在所述换电电池包,所述锁轴的两端分别连接于所述安装支架。
  18. 根据权利要求1所述的电动车辆,其特征在于,所述换电电池包的顶部和/或侧部设有第一连接器,所述车身本体设置与所述第一连接器配合的第二连接器;所述第一连接器与所述第二连接器相连接以实现所述换电电池包与所述车身本体之间的电连接和/或液冷连接。
  19. 根据权利要求1所述的电动车辆,其特征在于,在所述换电电池包位于所述锁止位置时,所述第一锁止机构位于所述换电电池包的侧部和/或顶部;
    所述第二锁止机构设置于所述换电电池包的侧部和/或顶部。
  20. 根据权利要求2或4所述的电动车辆,其特征在于,所述车梁包括两个沿所述车身本体宽度方向间隔设置的支梁体;所述车身本体还包括第一加强部,且所述第一加强部的两端分别连接于两个所述支梁体。
  21. 根据权利要求4所述的电动车辆,其特征在于,所述电池包支架包括分别设于所述车梁的两侧的第一支架与第二支架,所述电池包支架还包括第二加强部;
    所述第二加强部由所述车梁下侧穿过,且所述第二加强部的两端分别连接于所述第一支架与所述第二支架,和/或
    所述第二加强部由所述车梁上侧穿过,且所述第二加强部的两端分别连接于所述第一支架与所述第二支架,和/或
    所述第二加强部穿过车梁,且所述第二加强部的两端分别连接于所述第一支架与所述第二支架,和/或
    所述车梁包括两个沿所述车身本体宽度方向间隔设置的支梁体,所述第一支架与所述第二支架分别连接与两个所述支梁体,且所述第二加强部的两端分别连接于两个所述支梁体上所述第一支架与所述第二支架的对应位置。
  22. 根据权利要求21所述的电动车辆,其特征在于,所述第二加强部包括沿所述车身本体的高度方向间隔设置的水平加强杆、连接相邻所述水平加强杆的竖直加强杆;
    其中,位于上侧和/或下侧的所述水平加强杆的中部朝远离所述车梁的方向凹陷。
  23. 根据权利要求18所述的电动车辆,其特征在于,所述车身本体还包括用于安装所述第二连接器的连接器安装部;所述电池包支架还包括第三加强部;所述第三加强部的两端分别连接于所述车身本体的两侧的连接器安装部。
  24. 根据权利要求1所述的电动车辆,其特征在于,在竖直方向上,所述车身本体间隔设有多个第一锁止机构,和/或所述换电电池包上间隔设有多个第二锁止机构。
  25. 根据权利要求1所述的电动车辆,其特征在于,所述车身本体还包括防护板,在所述车身本体的长度方向上,所述防护板至少位于所述电池包的一侧。
  26. 根据权利要求1所述的电动车辆,其特征在于,所述电池包的至少一侧外缘设有直线型或圆弧型倒角。
  27. 根据权利要求26所述的电动车辆,其特征在于,在所述车身本体的长度方向上,所述直线型或圆弧型倒角朝向所述电动车辆的车头方向设置。
  28. 一种电动车辆的换电方法,应用于权利要求1-27中任一项所述的电动车辆,其特征在于,包括:
    控制换电设备移动至电动车辆上换电电池包对应的预设位置;
    控制所述换电设备将所述车身本体上的换电电池包拆下;
    和/或,控制所述换电设备将换电电池包安装至所述车身本体上。
  29. 如权利要求28所述的换电方法,其特征在于,所述车身本体的两侧均安装有换电电池包,所述换电设备的数量为一个,控制换电设备移动至电动车辆上换电电池包对应的预设位置的步骤包括:
    在位于所述车身本体一侧的换电完成后,控制所述换电设备移动至所述车身本体另一侧的换电电池包对应的预设位置。
  30. 如权利要求28所述的换电方法,其特征在于,所述车身本体的两侧均安装有换电电池包,所述换电设备的数量为多个,控制换电设备移动至电动车辆上换电电池包对应的预设位置的步骤包括:控制多个所述换电设备分别移动至多个换电电池包对应的预设位置。
  31. 如权利要求28所述的换电方法,其特征在于,控制所述换电设备将所述车身本体上的换电电池包拆下的步骤包括:
    控制所述换电设备对所述换电电池包进行解锁动作,以使所述第一锁止机构与所述第二锁止机构解除配合状态;
    控制所述换电设备带动所述电池包沿水平方向移动,以使所述电池包移动至解锁位置;
    控制所述换电设备带动所述换电电池包与所述车身本体分离。
  32. 根据权利要求28所述的换电方法,其特征在于,控制所述换电设备将换电电池包安装至所述车身本体上的步骤包括:
    控制所述换电设备带动所述电池包移动至解锁位置;
    控制所述换电设备带动所述换电电池包沿水平方向移动至锁止位置,以使所述第一锁止机构与所述第二锁止机构相配合。
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CN213989087U (zh) * 2020-12-30 2021-08-17 国网智慧能源交通技术创新中心(苏州)有限公司 一种换电电池箱及电动矿车
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CN115303045A (zh) * 2021-11-30 2022-11-08 奥动新能源汽车科技有限公司 电动汽车用电池包及电动汽车
CN219600897U (zh) * 2022-12-01 2023-08-29 奥动新能源汽车科技有限公司 一种电动车辆
CN219600989U (zh) * 2022-12-01 2023-08-29 奥动新能源汽车科技有限公司 一种电动车辆
CN116653574A (zh) * 2022-12-01 2023-08-29 奥动新能源汽车科技有限公司 一种电池包及电动车辆
CN219600898U (zh) * 2022-12-01 2023-08-29 奥动新能源汽车科技有限公司 一种电动车辆
CN219769680U (zh) * 2022-12-01 2023-09-29 奥动新能源汽车科技有限公司 一种电动车辆

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