WO2022036669A1 - 一种双面自动打磨装置及其打磨方法 - Google Patents

一种双面自动打磨装置及其打磨方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022036669A1
WO2022036669A1 PCT/CN2020/110435 CN2020110435W WO2022036669A1 WO 2022036669 A1 WO2022036669 A1 WO 2022036669A1 CN 2020110435 W CN2020110435 W CN 2020110435W WO 2022036669 A1 WO2022036669 A1 WO 2022036669A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
rotating
grinding
clamping
fixed
plate
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2020/110435
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
杨海
李松涛
赵伟伟
徐思秋
陈显东
许朝栋
Original Assignee
南京智欧智能技术研究院有限公司
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Publication of WO2022036669A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022036669A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B27/00—Other grinding machines or devices
    • B24B27/0076—Other grinding machines or devices grinding machines comprising two or more grinding tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B41/00—Component parts such as frames, beds, carriages, headstocks
    • B24B41/02—Frames; Beds; Carriages
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B41/00—Component parts such as frames, beds, carriages, headstocks
    • B24B41/06—Work supports, e.g. adjustable steadies
    • B24B41/067—Work supports, e.g. adjustable steadies radially supporting workpieces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B47/00—Drives or gearings; Equipment therefor
    • B24B47/02—Drives or gearings; Equipment therefor for performing a reciprocating movement of carriages or work- tables
    • B24B47/08—Drives or gearings; Equipment therefor for performing a reciprocating movement of carriages or work- tables by mechanical gearing combined with fluid systems
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B47/00—Drives or gearings; Equipment therefor
    • B24B47/10—Drives or gearings; Equipment therefor for rotating or reciprocating working-spindles carrying grinding wheels or workpieces
    • B24B47/12—Drives or gearings; Equipment therefor for rotating or reciprocating working-spindles carrying grinding wheels or workpieces by mechanical gearing or electric power
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B7/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding plane surfaces on work, including polishing plane glass surfaces; Accessories therefor
    • B24B7/10—Single-purpose machines or devices
    • B24B7/16—Single-purpose machines or devices for grinding end-faces, e.g. of gauges, rollers, nuts, piston rings
    • B24B7/17—Single-purpose machines or devices for grinding end-faces, e.g. of gauges, rollers, nuts, piston rings for simultaneously grinding opposite and parallel end faces, e.g. double disc grinders

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of grinding, and in particular relates to a double-sided automatic grinding device and a grinding method thereof.
  • the grinding device generally grinds one side and then turns it over to grind the other side to achieve the effect of double-sided grinding.
  • the following issues need to be considered in the process of flipping: the space between the part to be flipped and the grinding device is relatively high during flipping, that is, if the distance between the part to be flipped and the grinding device is not elongated, the part to be flipped cannot be realized. flip between. And after flipping, it is necessary to adjust the height of the part to be flipped to the original position, and the accuracy requirements are high to make the flipped part return to the original position to grind the other side to ensure that the grinding effect of both sides is consistent.
  • the present invention provides a double-sided automatic grinding device and a grinding method thereof.
  • a stand a carrier plate fixed on the stand, a lower grinding mechanism arranged at the bottom of the stand, and an upper grinding mechanism installed on the lower surface of the carrier plate through a lifting device and located directly above the lower grinding mechanism , a lifting mechanism arranged inside the vertical frame and located on one side of the lower grinding mechanism, a rotating mechanism installed on the top of the lifting mechanism, and a clamping mechanism arranged at the end of the rotating mechanism;
  • the vertical frame is used to install the upper grinding mechanism and the lower grinding mechanism; the lifting mechanism is used to control the height of the clamping mechanism, the rotating mechanism is used to realize the rotation of the clamping mechanism on the horizontal plane, and the clamping mechanism Then the workpiece to be polished is clamped and fixed; before polishing, the workpiece to be polished is firstly clamped in the clamping mechanism.
  • the clamping mechanism, the lower polishing mechanism and the upper polishing mechanism do not overlap each other, and the above
  • the rotating mechanism is located at the lowest end; during grinding, under the drive of the lifting mechanism and the rotating mechanism, the clamping mechanism at this time is located between the lower grinding mechanism and the upper grinding mechanism, and the lower grinding mechanism and the upper grinding mechanism treat the upper surface of the grinding piece respectively. and the lower surface for grinding.
  • the lifting mechanism includes: a mounting plate fixed on the bottom plate of the vertical frame, an electric cylinder installed laterally on the mounting plate, a clamping block fixed on the mounting plate, and There is a rack with interference fit between the clamping blocks, a mounting bracket fixed on the mounting plate adjacent to the mounting plate, and a rotating shaft rotatably mounted on the mounting bracket, which is tightly sleeved on the mounting plate.
  • the rotating gear on the rotating shaft, the guide rods symmetrically arranged on both sides of the clamping block, the lifting plate sleeved on the guide rod, and the driving connection between the lifting plate and the rotating shaft.
  • the first connecting rod assembly ;
  • the rotating gear and the rack are meshed with each other, and one end of the rack and the piston rod of the electric cylinder are in a transmission connection.
  • the first link assembly includes: a connecting plate whose bottom end is fixed on the rotating shaft, and a connecting rod whose top end is hinged to the lifting plate;
  • the top end of the connecting plate and the low end of the lifting rod are hinged to each other.
  • the rotating mechanism includes: a mounting seat fixed on the lifting plate, a first driving motor mounted on the mounting seat, and is drive-connected to the output shaft of the first driving motor and located at the The first rotating gear above the mounting seat, the transmission shaft mounted on the mounting seat and adjacent to the first drive motor, the second rotating gear fixed and adjusted on the transmission shaft, and the The rotating arm at the top of the drive shaft;
  • first rotating gear and the second rotating gear are meshed with each other, and the end of the rotating arm is fixedly connected with a clamping mechanism.
  • a base is fixed on the top surface of the transmission shaft, a first connecting shaft rotatably installed inside the base, and a first rotating rod fixed on the top of the first connecting shaft are inserted into the base.
  • the clamping mechanism includes: a fixing plate, a second driving motor fixed on the fixing plate, a third rotating gear connected to the output shaft of the second driving motor, and can a rotating gear ring that is clamped on the third rotating gear, and a clamping assembly fixed inside the gear ring;
  • the interior of the fixing plate is an open structure, even if the upper and lower surfaces of the workpiece to be polished are exposed to the outside, it is convenient for the upper polishing mechanism and the lower polishing mechanism to polish;
  • the clamping component is clamped by the circumferential surface of the workpiece to be polished, and has no contact with the upper and lower surfaces of the workpiece to be polished.
  • the clamping assembly includes: an upper fixing ring and a lower fixing ring fixed inside the gear ring, and a plurality of arc-shaped grooves on the upper fixing ring, which are movably clamped on the upper fixing ring. a column in the arc-shaped groove, a cover plate fixed on the column and located between the upper fixing ring and the lower fixing ring, and a miniature cylinder that is drive-connected to one of the columns;
  • the adjacent cover plates are connected to each other through the front and rear in turn; under the transmission of the micro cylinder, when the column moves from the outside to the inside of the arc-shaped groove, the inner sides of the cover plates approach each other, so as to realize At this time, the contact area between the front and the back of the adjacent cover plates gradually increases.
  • a turning assembly is arranged between the clamping assembly and the gear ring, and the turning assemblies are two groups, and are symmetrically distributed inside the gear ring along the radial direction of the gear ring ;
  • the inversion assembly is used to realize 0-360° inversion of the clamping assembly and the workpiece to be ground on the clamping assembly along the radial direction of the gear ring.
  • the turning assembly includes: a mounting groove corresponding to the inside of the gear ring, a bracket fixed inside the mounting groove, and a bracket inserted in the bracket along the length direction of the mounting groove A push rod, a block fixed on the push rod close to one end of the clamping assembly, a pressing wheel fixed on the block, and sleeved on the push rod with both ends connected to the bracket and the The compression spring of the block;
  • the corresponding position between the upper fixing ring and the lower fixing ring is provided with a U-shaped slot, the thickness of the U-shaped slot is consistent with the thickness of the pressing wheel, and the pressing wheel is just clamped on the U-shaped slot. At the same time, the depth of the U-shaped slot is greater than the outer diameter of the pressing wheel.
  • the square is clamped inside the installation slot, there is a gap between the pressing wheel and the bottom surface of the U-shaped slot. There is an elastic space.
  • the pressing wheel moves inward in the U-shaped groove until the block is separated from the installation groove, and the clamping assembly is turned over.
  • a grinding method using the above-mentioned double-sided automatic grinding device specifically comprises the following steps:
  • Step 1 Lift the component to be polished inside the clamping component, open the micro cylinder, and the micro cylinder pushes the column connected with it to move inward, because the cover plate on the column and the adjacent cover plate are the end. Therefore, the other cover plates are pushed inwardly and rotated inwardly, and the workpiece to be polished is clamped by contacting the edge of the workpiece to be polished; at this time, under the action of the rotating mechanism, the clamping component is connected with the lower polishing mechanism and the upper polishing mechanism. There is no overlapping part between the mechanisms, and the rotating mechanism and the clamping mechanism are located at the lowest end of the lifting mechanism under the action of the lifting mechanism;
  • Step 2 The lifting mechanism works. Under the transmission of the electric cylinder, the connecting plate, which is coaxially connected with the rotating gear, is driven to rotate by the meshing action of the rack and the rotating gear. Move up, that is, realize the upward movement of the rotating mechanism and the clamping mechanism;
  • Step 3 When the rotating mechanism and the clamping mechanism move to the top of the lower grinding mechanism, the lifting plate stops moving upward, and the first driving motor in the rotating mechanism is turned on at this time. Under the transmission, rotate the clamping mechanism along the transmission shaft to just above the lower grinding mechanism;
  • Step 4 Adjust the lifting mechanism for the second time, so that the lower surface of the workpiece to be polished in the clamping assembly is in effective contact with the polishing disc in the lower polishing mechanism;
  • Step 5 By adjusting the rotation of the first connecting shaft installed on the base, combined with the transmission connection between the first rotating rod, the second rotating rod and the transmission rod, the fine adjustment of the clamping mechanism is realized, so as to ensure that the inside of the clamping assembly is The part to be ground can have the largest area of contact with the grinding disc;
  • Step 6 When the upper surface of the workpiece to be polished needs to be polished, the lifting device is controlled to move the polishing disc in the upper polishing mechanism down and contact the upper surface of the workpiece to be polished;
  • Step 7 Open the second driving motor included in the clamping mechanism, and realize the rotation of the clamping assembly in the upper grinding mechanism and the lower grinding mechanism under the action of the third rotating gear and the gear ring on the second driving motor.
  • the upper grinding mechanism and the lower grinding mechanism respectively grind the upper surface and the lower surface under the rotation of the clamping assembly;
  • Step 8 In Step 1, considering that the grinding strength of the upper grinding mechanism and the lower grinding mechanism may be different, it is necessary to distinguish the upper surface and the lower surface first during installation. Simple and easy to operate.
  • the present invention develops a device capable of both single-sided grinding and double-sided grinding, and improves the fixture to be installed on the grinding piece according to the actual needs, without affecting the grinding effect, and at the same time. It is easy to install and disassemble; and considering the inconsistency of the grinding force of the upper grinding mechanism and the lower grinding mechanism, it is necessary to pay attention to distinguish the upper surface and the small surface during installation. Therefore, in order to avoid installation errors, there is also a setting that can be used for grinding parts. Flip Flip Assembly.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the lifting mechanism in the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a first structural schematic diagram of the rotating mechanism in the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a second structural schematic diagram of the rotating mechanism in the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a plan view of the rotating mechanism in the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a top plan view 1 of the clamping mechanism in the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a partial structural schematic diagram of the clamping mechanism in the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of the clamping assembly in the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is a cross-sectional view of the clamping assembly of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a second top view of the clipping mechanism in the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is an enlarged schematic view of the structure at A in FIG. 10 .
  • 1 to 11 are marked as: stand 1, carrying plate 2, lower grinding mechanism 3, lifting device 4, upper grinding mechanism 5, lifting mechanism 6, rotating mechanism 7, turning assembly 8, mounting plate 601, electric Cylinder 602, clamping block 603, rack 604, mounting frame 605, rotating shaft 606, rotating gear 607, guide rod 608, lifting plate 609, connecting plate 610, connecting rod 611, mounting seat 701, first drive motor 702, A rotating gear 703, a transmission shaft 704, a second rotating gear 705, a rotating arm 706, a base 707, a first connecting shaft 708, a first rotating rod 709, a second connecting shaft 710, a second rotating rod 711, a transmission rod 712, Fixed plate 713, third rotating gear 714, gear ring 715, upper fixed ring 716, lower fixed ring 717, arc groove 718, cover plate 719, column 720, bracket 801, push rod 802, square 803, pressure roller 804, Compression spring 805.
  • the inventor has found through many practices that the existing grinding device generally grinds one side and then flips the other side to grind the other side, so as to achieve the effect of double-sided grinding.
  • the following issues need to be considered in the process of flipping: the space between the part to be flipped and the grinding device is relatively high during flipping, that is, if the distance between the part to be flipped and the grinding device is not elongated, the part to be flipped cannot be realized. flip between.
  • it is necessary to adjust the height of the part to be flipped to the original position, and the accuracy requirements are high to make the flipped part return to the original position after flipping, and grind the other side to ensure that the grinding effect on both sides is consistent.
  • a device capable of both single-sided grinding and double-sided grinding including: a vertical frame 1, a carrier plate 2, a lower grinding mechanism 3, a lifting device 4, and an upper grinding mechanism 5.
  • the top of the stand 1 is fixed with a carrying plate 2, and the lower surface of the carrying board 2 is provided with an upper grinding mechanism 5 through a lifting device 4; the bottom of the stand 1 is provided with a lower grinding mechanism 3, the upper grinding The mechanism 5 is used for grinding the upper surface of the workpiece to be ground, and the lower grinding mechanism 3 is used for grinding the lower surface of the workpiece to be ground.
  • the lifting device 4 may be a commonly used lifting mechanism 6, which may be driven by a screw thread, driven by a rack and pinion 604, or driven by a cylinder, and will not be described in detail.
  • the lower grinding mechanism 3 and the upper grinding mechanism 5 respectively comprise a lower grinding disc and an upper grinding disc, and a drive assembly for driving the rotation of the lower grinding disc and the upper grinding disc. It is the prior art such as the rotation of the gear ring 715, so it is not repeated here.
  • the lower grinding mechanism 3 in the prior art is provided with the upper grinding mechanism 5.
  • the double-sided grinding of the workpiece to be ground can be realized, the following problems occur during the loading (fixing of the grinding device) : Due to the limitation of the upper grinding mechanism 5, normal loading cannot be performed from the top of the lower grinding mechanism 3.
  • the inventor has made some improvements: as shown in Figure 1, one side of the stand 1 A lifting mechanism 6 is provided, a rotating mechanism 7 is installed on the lifting mechanism 6, and a clamping mechanism is provided at the end of the rotating mechanism 7.
  • the lifting mechanism 6 is used to control the height of the clamping mechanism
  • the rotating mechanism 7 is used to realize the rotation of the clamping mechanism on the horizontal plane
  • the clamping mechanism is used for clamping and fixing the workpiece to be polished;
  • the workpiece to be polished is fixedly clamped in the clamping mechanism.
  • the clamping mechanism, the lower polishing mechanism 3 and the upper polishing mechanism 5 do not overlap each other, and the rotating mechanism 7 is located at the lowest end;
  • the clamping mechanism at this time is located between the lower grinding mechanism 3 and the upper grinding mechanism 5, and the lower grinding mechanism 3 and the upper grinding mechanism 5 respectively treat the upper surface and Sand the bottom surface.
  • the lifting mechanism 6 includes a mounting frame 605 fixed on the floor of the stand 1 , and the mounting frame 605 is used to carry other components.
  • An electric cylinder 602 is laterally fixed on the mounting frame 605 , and the electric cylinder 602 may be an existing model.
  • the mounting plate 601 is also fixed with a clamping block 603, the upper surface of the clamping block 603 is provided with a groove with a convex cross section, and a rack 604 is clamped in the groove by interference fit. There is a transmission connection between one end of the rack 604 and the piston rod of the electric cylinder 602 .
  • a mounting frame 605 is fixed near the clamping block 603, a rotating shaft 606 is rotatably mounted on the mounting frame 605, and a rotating gear 607 is tightly sleeved on the rotating shaft 606.
  • the racks 604 mesh with each other.
  • the rotating shaft 606 is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the connecting plate 610 , the top end of the connecting plate 610 is hinged with the bottom end of the connecting rod 611 , and the top end of the connecting rod 611 and the lifting plate 609 are hinged to each other.
  • two sides of the clamping block 603 are symmetrically fixed with guide rods 608 in the vertical direction, and the lifting plate 609 is sleeved on the guide rods 608 .
  • the working principle of the lifting mechanism 6 is as follows: the electric cylinder 602 works, the piston rod pushes the rack 604 to move on the block 603, and the left and right movement of the rack 604 drives the rotating gear 607 meshing with it to rotate, and the rotation
  • the gears 607 are coaxially connected to the connecting plate 610 and rotate.
  • the angle between the connecting plate 610 and the connecting rod 611 is equal to 180°, the height of the lifting plate 609 is the highest.
  • the lifting plate 609 When the included angle between the connecting plate 610 and the connecting rod 611 gradually decreases from 180° to nearly 0°, the lifting plate 609 is in a downward state; on the contrary, when the connecting plate 610 and the connecting rod When the included angle between 611 gradually decreases from 0° to nearly 180°, the lift plate 609 is in a rising state.
  • the mechanism using the gear transmission lever mainly considers the following factors: if the transmission of the gear rack 604 in the prior art is directly used to control the lifting of the lifting plate 609, there will be a possibility that the gear is clamped by the clamping mechanism. Gravity, the gravity of the workpiece to be ground, and the upper grinding mechanism 5 have a downward force on the lifting plate 609 during the grinding process, which will push the gears to roll down unexpectedly, causing grinding accidents; the same is driven by a threaded screw. , will cause the threaded sleeve to roll down unexpectedly.
  • the present application adds lever transmission on the basis of gear transmission, so that the gravity of the clamping mechanism that the lifting plate 609 bears, the gravity of the workpiece to be polished, and the upper polishing mechanism 5 during the polishing process have a downward force on the lifting plate 609
  • the connecting plate 610 and the connecting rod 611 are provided for disassembly, and the force when finally reaching the rotating shaft is already very small, and the existence of the above-mentioned problems is solved ingeniously.
  • the air cylinder is not directly used to push the lifting plate 609 because the speed and force of the air cylinder pushing are relatively large, and the stroke cannot be controlled slowly and accurately.
  • the lifting mechanism The top is provided with a rotating mechanism 7 .
  • the rotating mechanism 7 includes a mounting seat 701 , and the mounting seat 701 is fixed on the lifting plate 609 , that is, moves up and down with the lifting plate 609 .
  • a first driving motor 702 is fixed on the mounting seat 701 , and a first rotating gear 703 is drivingly connected to the output shaft of the first driving motor 702 , and the first rotating gear 703 is located above the mounting seat 701 .
  • a transmission shaft 704 is installed on one side of the first drive motor 702, the transmission shaft 704 is also located above the mounting seat 701, and a second rotating gear 705 is tightly sleeved on the transmission shaft 704.
  • the second rotating gear 705 meshes with the first rotating gear 703 .
  • the top end of the transmission shaft 704 is fixed with a rotating arm 706 , and the end of the rotating arm 706 is fixedly connected with a clamping mechanism, and the clamping mechanism is used for fixing the clamping and receiving grinding piece.
  • the working principle of the rotating mechanism 7 is as follows: during the lifting and lowering of the clamping mechanism, the rotating arm 706 controls the clamping mechanism to deviate from the upper and lower grinding mechanisms 3;
  • the output shaft of a drive motor 702 drives the first rotating gear 703 and the second rotating gear 705 to mesh with each other.
  • the drive shaft 704 drives the rotating arm 706 to rotate, that is, the clamping mechanism is rotated to the upper grinding position.
  • Above mechanism 5 It is convenient for the upper grinding mechanism 5 to grind the workpiece to be polished inside the clamping mechanism.
  • a base 707 is fixedly arranged on the top end surface of the transmission shaft 704, and a first connection is rotatably installed on the base 707.
  • a shaft 708, the top end of the first connecting shaft 708 is fixedly connected with a first rotating rod 709.
  • a second connecting shaft 710 is inserted through the end of the rotating arm 706 , a second rotating rod 711 is fixed at the top of the second connecting shaft 710 , and the first rotating rod 709 and the second rotating rod 711 are between the first rotating rod 709 and the second rotating rod 711 .
  • the transmission is connected through the transmission rod 712 .
  • the bottom end of the second connecting shaft 710 is used for connecting the clamping mechanism.
  • the above structure is used to realize fine adjustment of the clamping mechanism: that is, by rotating the first connecting shaft 708, the first connecting shaft 708 drives the transmission rod 712, and the transmission rod 712 drives the second connecting shaft 710 to rotate, and the second connecting shaft 710
  • the clamping mechanism is driven to rotate, so as to realize the fine adjustment of the angle of the clamping mechanism in the horizontal direction.
  • a ratchet check valve is set at the edge of the first connecting shaft 708.
  • the ratchet check valve is manually controlled. The valve is disengaged from the first rotating shaft; when the check is required, the ratchet check valve is activated, and the ratchet check valve is in the prior art, so it is not repeated here.
  • the clamping mechanism cannot be in contact with the upper and lower surfaces of the workpiece to be polished during clamping, and can only be performed from the edge to be polished. clamped.
  • the clamping mechanism includes: a fixing plate 713 , and the fixing plate 713 is used for fixedly connecting with the bottom end of the second connecting shaft 710 .
  • a second driving motor is installed on the fixing plate 713
  • a third rotating gear 714 is connected to the output shaft of the second driving motor
  • a gear ring 715 is movably clamped on the fixing plate 713 .
  • the cross section of the fixing plate 713 is small enough to support the third rotating gear 714 and part of the gear ring 715 .
  • the inside of the gear ring 715 is provided with a clamping assembly, and the clamping assembly is used to clamp the workpiece to be polished.
  • the interior of the fixing plate 713 is an open structure, so that the clamping assembly is located inside the open structure, so that the upper and lower surfaces of the workpiece to be polished are exposed to the outside, which is convenient for the upper grinding mechanism 5 and the lower grinding
  • the mechanism 3 performs grinding; the clamping component is clamped by the circumferential surface of the workpiece to be ground, and has no contact with the upper and lower surfaces of the workpiece to be ground.
  • the second drive motor drives the third rotating gear 714 to rotate, and realizes the rotation of the gear ring 715 through meshing, and the clamping assembly located inside the gear ring 715 drives the workpiece to be polished to rotate, that is, when both sides need to be polished at the same time, it can be turned on
  • the second drive motor only needs to realize the rotation of the workpiece to be polished.
  • the clamping assembly includes: an upper fixing ring 716 and a lower fixing ring 717 fixed inside the gear ring 715 , a plurality of arc-shaped grooves 718 starting on the upper fixing ring 716 , The upright post 720 movably clamped in the arc-shaped groove 718, the cover plate 719 fixed on the upright post 720 and located between the upper fixing ring 716 and the lower fixing ring 717, and a drive connected to one of the upright posts 720
  • the adjacent cover plates 719 are connected to each other through the front and rear in turn; under the transmission of the micro cylinder, when the column 720 moves from the outside to the inside of the arc groove 718, the cover plate The inner sides of the 719 are close to each other to achieve the clamping effect. At this time, the contact area between the front and the rear of the adjacent cover plates 719 gradually increases.
  • the present invention can realize simultaneous grinding on both sides, and can also grind one side, and because the height of the upper grinding mechanism 5 is adjustable, there will be different grinding strengths between the upper grinding mechanism 5 and the lower grinding mechanism 3 Therefore, there will be differences between the top and the bottom when installing the parts to be polished. Therefore, if there is a little carelessness during installation, the problem of reverse installation will occur.
  • the inventor provides a turning assembly 8 between the clamping assembly and the gear ring 715 .
  • the inversion assemblies 8 are divided into two groups, which are symmetrically distributed inside the gear ring 715 along the radial direction of the gear ring 715 ; the inversion assemblies 8 are used for clamping the clamping assemblies.
  • the workpiece to be ground on the clamping assembly can be turned 0-360° along the radial direction of the gear ring 715 .
  • the turning assembly 8 includes: a mounting groove corresponding to the inside of the gear ring 715, a bracket 801 fixed inside the mounting groove, and inserted into the mounting groove along the length direction of the mounting groove A push rod 802 in the bracket 801, a block 803 fixed on the push rod 802 near one end of the clamping assembly, a pressure wheel 804 fixed on the block 803, and sleeved on the push rod 802 And the two ends are respectively connected to the compression spring 805 of the bracket 801 and the block 803; the corresponding position between the upper fixing ring 716 and the lower fixing ring 717 is provided with a U-shaped slot, the thickness of the U-shaped slot is Consistent with the thickness of the pressing wheel 804 , the pressing wheel 804 is just snapped into the U-shaped slot, and the depth of the U-shaped slot is greater than the outer diameter of the pressing wheel 804 .
  • the turning assembly 8 can be manually controlled to turn the grinding piece, which is simple, convenient and easy to operate, and does not need to be fixed and installed again.
  • the grinding method of the double-sided automatic grinding device specifically includes the following steps:
  • Step 1 Lift the component to be polished inside the clamping component, open the micro cylinder, and the micro cylinder pushes the column connected with it to move inward, because the cover plate on the column and the adjacent cover plate are the end. Therefore, the other cover plates are pushed inwardly and rotated inwardly, and the workpiece to be polished is clamped by contacting the edge of the workpiece to be polished; at this time, under the action of the rotating mechanism, the clamping component is connected with the lower polishing mechanism and the upper polishing mechanism. There is no overlapping part between the mechanisms, and the rotating mechanism and the clamping mechanism are located at the lowest end of the lifting mechanism under the action of the lifting mechanism;
  • Step 2 The lifting mechanism works. Under the transmission of the electric cylinder, the connecting plate, which is coaxially connected with the rotating gear, is driven to rotate by the meshing action of the rack and the rotating gear. Move up, that is, realize the upward movement of the rotating mechanism and the clamping mechanism;
  • Step 3 When the rotating mechanism and the clamping mechanism move to the top of the lower grinding mechanism, the lifting plate stops moving upward, and the first driving motor in the rotating mechanism is turned on at this time. Under the transmission, rotate the clamping mechanism along the transmission shaft to just above the lower grinding mechanism;
  • Step 4 Adjust the lifting mechanism for the second time, so that the lower surface of the workpiece to be polished in the clamping assembly is in effective contact with the polishing disc in the lower polishing mechanism;
  • Step 5 By adjusting the rotation of the first connecting shaft installed on the base, combined with the transmission connection between the first rotating rod, the second rotating rod and the transmission rod, the fine adjustment of the clamping mechanism is realized, so as to ensure that the inside of the clamping assembly is The part to be ground can have the largest area of contact with the grinding disc;
  • Step 6 When the upper surface of the workpiece to be polished needs to be polished, the lifting device is controlled to move the polishing disc in the upper polishing mechanism down and contact the upper surface of the workpiece to be polished;
  • Step 7 Open the second driving motor included in the clamping mechanism, and realize the rotation of the clamping assembly in the upper grinding mechanism and the lower grinding mechanism under the action of the third rotating gear and the gear ring on the second driving motor.
  • the upper grinding mechanism and the lower grinding mechanism respectively grind the upper surface and the lower surface under the rotation of the clamping assembly;
  • Step 8 In Step 1, considering that the grinding strength of the upper grinding mechanism and the lower grinding mechanism may be different, it is necessary to distinguish the upper surface and the lower surface first during installation. Simple and easy to operate.

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Abstract

一种双面自动打磨装置及其打磨方法。打磨装置包括：立架（1），固定在立架（1）上的承载板（2），设置在立架（1）底部的下打磨机构（3），通过升降装置（4）安装在承载板（2）的下表面处且位于下打磨机构（3）正上方的上打磨机构（5），设置在立架（1）内部且位于下打磨机构（3）一侧的升降机构（6），安装在升降机构（6）顶部的旋转机构（7），以及设置在旋转机构（7）末端处的卡接机构，是一种既能够单面打磨又能够双面打磨的装置，并且改进了打磨件的安装夹具，在不影响打磨效果的同时还便于安装和拆卸。

Description

一种双面自动打磨装置及其打磨方法 技术领域
本发明属于打磨的技术领域，特别是涉及一种双面自动打磨装置及其打磨方法。
 背景技术
现有技术中，打磨装置一般是单面打磨后经翻转后对另一面进行打磨，实现双面打磨的效果。但是考虑在翻转的过程需要考虑到以下问题：翻转时对待翻转件与打磨装置之间的空间要求较高，即如果不拉长待翻转件与打磨装置之间的距离，则无法实现对待翻转件之间的翻转。并且翻转后还需要将待翻转件所在的高度调整到原来所在的位置，精度要求较高才能做到翻转后的待翻转件回归到原始位置对另一个面进行打磨，保证两侧面的打磨效果是一致的。
 技术问题
本发明为了解决上述背景技术中存在的技术问题，提供一种双面自动打磨装置及其打磨方法。
 技术解决方案
立架，固定在所述立架上的承载板，设置在所述立架底部的下打磨机构，通过升降装置安装在所述承载板的下表面处且位于下打磨机构正上方的上打磨机构，设置在所述立架内部且位于所述下打磨机构一侧的升降机构，安装在所述升降机构顶部的旋转机构，以及设置在所述旋转机构末端处的卡接机构；
其中，所述立架用于安装上打磨机构、下打磨机构；所述升降机构用于控制卡接机构所在的高度，所述旋转机构用于实现卡接机构在水平面上的转动，卡接机构则是对待打磨件进行卡接固定；打磨之前，先将待打磨件固定卡接在卡接机构内，此时的卡接机构与下打磨机构、上打磨机构相互之间没有重叠，且所述旋转机构位于最低端；在打磨时，在升降机构和旋转机构的传动下，此时的卡接机构位于下打磨机构与上打磨机构之间，下打磨机构与上打磨机构分别对待打磨件上表面和下表面进行打磨。
在进一步的实施例中，所述升降机构包括：固定在所述立架的底板上的安装板，横向安装在所述安装板上的电动气缸，固定在所述安装板上的卡块，与所述卡块之间为过盈配合的齿条，与所述安装板相邻固定在所述安装板上的安装架，可转动的安装在所述安装架上的转动轴，紧密套接在所述转动轴上的旋转齿轮，对称设置在所述卡块两侧的导向杆，套接在所述导向杆上的升降板，以及传动连接于所述升降板与所述转动轴之间的第一连杆组件；
其中，所述旋转齿轮与所述齿条相互啮合，所述齿条的一端与所述电动气缸的活塞杆之间为传动连接。
在进一步的实施例中，所述第一连杆组件包括：底端固定在所述转动轴上的连接板，以及顶端铰接于所述升降板的连接杆；
所述连接板的顶端与所述升降杆的低端相互铰接。
在进一步的实施例中，所述旋转机构包括：固定在升降板上的安装座，安装在所述安装座上的第一驱动电机，传动连接于所述第一驱动电机的输出轴且位于所述安装座上方的第一转动齿轮，安装在所述安装座上且与所述第一驱动电机相邻的传动轴，固定调节在所述传动轴上的第二转动齿轮，以及固定在所述传动轴的顶端的旋转臂；
其中，所述第一转动齿轮与所述第二转动齿轮相互啮合，所述旋转臂的末端固定连接有卡接机构。
在进一步的实施例中，所述传动轴的顶端面固定有底座，可转动的安装在所述底座内部的第一连接轴，固定在所述第一连接轴顶端的第一旋转杆，穿插在所述旋转臂末端处的第二连接轴，固定在所述第二连接轴的顶端的第二旋转杆，以及铰接于所述第一旋转杆与第二旋转杆之间的传动杆；所述第二连接轴的低端用于连接所述卡接机构。
在进一步的实施例中，所述卡接机构包括：固定板，固定在所述固定板上的第二驱动电机，传动连接于所述第二驱动电机的输出轴上的第三转动齿轮，可转动的卡接在所述第三转动齿轮上的齿轮圈，以及固定在齿轮圈内部的夹紧组件；
所述固定板的内部为敞开结构，即便于待打磨件将上、下两面暴露在外面，便于上打磨机构、下打磨机构进行打磨；
所述夹紧组件是通过对待打磨件的圆周面进行夹持，与待打磨件的上、下两面无接触。
在进一步的实施例中，所述夹紧组件包括：固定在所述齿轮圈内部的上固定圈和下固定圈，开始在所述上固定圈上的若干个弧形槽，活动卡接在所述弧形槽内的立柱，固定在所述立柱上且位于所述上固定圈和下固定圈之间的盖板，以及传动连接于其中一个立柱的微型气缸；
所述盖板相邻之间通过前后面依次首位相连；在所述微型气缸的传动下，当所述立柱从弧形槽的外侧向内侧移动时，所述盖板的内侧面相互靠近，实现夹紧的作用，此时相邻盖板的前、后面之间的接触面积逐渐增大。
在进一步的实施例中，所述夹紧组件与所述齿轮圈之间设置有翻转组件，所述翻转组件为两组，沿所述齿轮圈的径向呈对称分布在所述齿轮圈的内部；所述翻转组件用于对夹紧组件，及夹紧组件上的待打磨件沿齿轮圈的径向实现0-360°的翻转。
在进一步的实施例中，所述翻转组件包括：对应开设在所述齿轮圈内部的安装槽，固定在所述安装槽内部的支架，沿所述安装槽的长度方向穿插在所述支架内的推杆，固定在所述推杆上靠近所述夹紧组件一端处的方块，固定在所述方块上的压轮，以及套接在所述推杆上且两端分别连接于所述支架和方块的压缩弹簧；
所述上固定圈和下固定圈之间的对应位置处设置有U型卡槽，所述U型卡槽的厚度与所述压轮的厚度一致，所述压轮恰好卡接在所述U型卡槽内，同时所述U型卡槽的深度大于所述压轮的外径，当方块卡接在所述安装槽内部时，所述压轮与所述U型卡槽的底面之间留有弹性空间，当所述方块受外力作用沿安装槽的长度方向夹紧组件靠近时，压轮在U型卡槽内向里移动直至方块与所述安装槽脱离，夹紧组件翻转。
一种使用如上所述的双面自动打磨装置的打磨方法，具体包括以下步骤：
步骤一、将待打磨组件托举在夹紧组件的内部，开启微型气缸，所述微型气缸推动与之传动连接的立柱向内部移动，因为立柱上的盖板与相邻盖板之间为收尾相连，因此其他盖板被顺势推动向内旋转，通过与待打磨件的边缘处相接触实现夹紧待打磨件；此时的夹紧组件在旋转机构的作用下，与下打磨机构、上打磨机构相互之间没有重叠的部分，所述旋转机构和所述卡接机构在升降机构的作用下，位于所述升降机构的最低端；
步骤二、升降机构工作，在电动气缸的传动下，通过齿条与旋转齿轮的啮合作用带动与旋转齿轮为同轴连接的连接板旋转，在导向杆和连接杆的作用下，实现升降板的上移，即实现旋转机构和所述卡接机构的向上移动；
步骤三、当旋转机构和所述卡接机构移动到下打磨机构的上方时，升降板停止上移，此时开启旋转机构中的第一驱动电机，在第一转动齿轮和第二转动齿轮的传动下，将卡接机构沿传动轴绕转到下打磨机构的正上方处；
步骤四、通过第二次调节升降机构，使得夹紧组件中的待打磨件的下表面与下打磨机构中的打磨盘有效接触；
步骤五、通过调整安装在所述底座上的第一连接轴的转动，结合第一旋转杆、第二旋转杆和传动杆之间的传动连接实现对卡接机构的微调，保证夹紧组件内部的待打磨件能够与打磨盘有着最大面积的接触；
步骤六、需要对待打磨件的上表面进行打磨时，则控制升降装置将上打磨机构中的打磨盘下移并与待打磨件的上表面相接触；
步骤七、开启卡接机构包括中的第二驱动电机，在第二驱动电机上的第三转动齿轮与齿轮圈的作用下，实现夹紧组件在上打磨机构和下打磨机构中自转，此时上打磨机构和下打磨机构在夹紧组件的自转下分别进行上表面和下表面的打磨；
步骤八、在步骤一中，考虑到上打磨机构和下打磨机构的打磨力度可能不一样，则在安装时则需要优先区分上表面和下表面，如果安装错误则通过翻转组件实现翻转换面，简单易操作。
 有益效果
本发明不同于现有的单面打磨装置，研发了一种既能够单面打磨又能够双面打磨的装置，并且根据实际需求改进了对待打磨件安装的夹具，在不影响打磨效果的同时还便于安装和拆卸；并且考虑到上打磨机构和下打磨机构的打磨力度的不一致，故在安装中是需要注意区分上表面和小表面的，因此为了避免安装错误，还设置了可以对待打磨件进行翻转的翻转组件。
 附图说明
图1为本发明的结构示意图。
图2为本发明中的升降机构的结构示意图。
图3为本发明中的旋转机构的结构示意图一。
图4为本发明中的旋转机构的结构示意图二。
图5为本发明中的旋转机构的俯视图。
图6为本发明中的卡接机构的俯视图一。
图7为本发明中的卡接机构的局部结构示意图。
图8为本发明中的夹紧组件的结构示意图。
图9为本发明中的夹紧组件的剖视图。
图10为本发明中的卡接机构的俯视图二。
图11为图10中A处的放大结构示意图。
图1至图11中的各标注为：立架1、承载板2、下打磨机构3、升降装置4、上打磨机构5、升降机构6、旋转机构7、翻转组件8、安装板601、电动气缸602、卡块603、齿条604、安装架605、转动轴606、旋转齿轮607、导向杆608、升降板609、连接板610、连接杆611、安装座701、第一驱动电机702、第一转动齿轮703、传动轴704、第二转动齿轮705、旋转臂706、底座707、第一连接轴708、第一旋转杆709、第二连接轴710、第二旋转杆711、传动杆712、固定板713、第三转动齿轮714、齿轮圈715、上固定圈716、下固定圈717、弧形槽718、盖板719、立柱720、支架801、推杆802、方块803、压轮804、压缩弹簧805。
 本发明的实施方式
下面结合附图说明和具体实施例对本发明做进一步的描述。
发明人经多次实践发现：现有的打磨装置一般是单面打磨后经翻转后对另一面进行打磨，实现双面打磨的效果。但是考虑在翻转的过程需要考虑到以下问题：翻转时对待翻转件与打磨装置之间的空间要求较高，即如果不拉长待翻转件与打磨装置之间的距离，则无法实现对待翻转件之间的翻转。并且翻转后还需要将待翻转件所在的高度调整到原来所在的位置，精度要求较高才能做到翻转后的待翻转件回归到原始位置对另一个面进行打磨，保证两侧面的打磨效果是一致的。
为此，发明人做了以下改进，设计出了一种既能够单面打磨又能够双面打磨的装置，包括：立架1、承载板2、下打磨机构3、升降装置4、上打磨机构5、升降机构6、旋转机构7、翻转组件8、安装板601、电动气缸602、卡块603、齿条604、安装架605、转动轴606、旋转齿轮607、导向杆608、升降板609、连接板610、连接杆611、安装座701、第一驱动电机702、第一转动齿轮703、传动轴704、第二转动齿轮705、旋转臂706、底座707、第一连接轴708、第一旋转杆709、第二连接轴710、第二旋转杆711、传动杆712、固定板713、第二驱动电机713、第三转动齿轮714、齿轮圈715、上固定圈716、下固定圈717、弧形槽718、盖板719、支架801、推杆802、方块803、压轮804、压缩弹簧805。
所述立架1的顶端固定有承载板2，所述承载板2的下表面通过升降装置4设置有上打磨机构5；所述立架1的底部设置有下打磨机构3，所述上打磨机构5用于实现对待打磨件的上表面打磨，所述下打磨机构3则是用于实现对待打磨件的下表面进行打磨。在上述描述中，所述升降装置4为常用的升降机构6即可，可以是螺纹螺杆传动、也可以是齿轮齿条604传动、还可以是气缸传动等现有技术，故不作赘述。所述下打磨机构3和上打磨机构5分别包含了下打磨盘和上打磨盘，以及用于传动下打磨盘和上打磨盘转动的驱动组件，该驱动组件可以是齿轮相互的啮合、也可以是齿轮圈715的转动等现有技术，故不作赘述。
如上所述，在现有技术中的下打磨机构3上设置有上打磨机构5，虽然能够实现对待打磨件的双面打磨，但是却在装盘（对待打磨装置的固定）时出现了以下问题：因受到上打磨机构5的限制，无法从下打磨机构3的上方进行正常的装盘，发明人为了解决上述问题，做了一些改进：如图1所示，所述立架1的一侧设置有升降机构6，所述升降机构6上安装有旋转机构7，所述旋转机构7的末端处设置有卡接机构。
具体的，所述升降机构6用于控制卡接机构所在的高度，所述旋转机构7用于实现卡接机构在水平面上的转动，所述卡接机构则是对待打磨件进行卡接固定；打磨之前，先将待打磨件固定卡接在卡接机构内，此时的卡接机构与下打磨机构3、上打磨机构5相互之间没有重叠，且所述旋转机构7位于最低端；在打磨时，在升降机构6和旋转机构7的传动下，此时的卡接机构位于下打磨机构3与上打磨机构5之间，下打磨机构3与上打磨机构5分别对待打磨件上表面和下表面进行打磨。
在进一步的实施例中，所述升降机构6如图2所示，包括：固定在所述立架1的地板上的安装架605，所述安装架605用于承载其他的零部件。所述安装架605上横向固定有电动气缸602，所述电动气缸602采用现有的型号即可。所述安装板601上还固定有卡块603，所述卡块603的上表面设置有横截面为凸字的凹槽，所述凹槽内通过过盈配合卡接有齿条604，所述齿条604的一端与所述电动气缸602的活塞杆之间为传动连接。所述卡块603的临近处固定有安装架605，所述安装架605上可转动的安装有转动轴606，所述转动轴606上紧密的套接有旋转齿轮607，所述旋转齿轮607与所述齿条604相互啮合。所述转动轴606与连接板610底端固定连接，所述连接板610的顶端与连接杆611的底端铰接，所述连接杆611的顶端与升降板609之间相互铰接。为了配合连接板610与连接杆611之间的传动连接，所述卡块603的两侧对称固定有竖直方向上的导向杆608，所述升降板609套接在所述导向杆608上。
所述升降机构6的工作原理如下：电动气缸602工作，活塞杆推动齿条604在卡块603上移动，齿条604的左右向移动带动与之啮合的旋转齿轮607自转，则与所述旋转齿轮607为同轴连接的连接板610发生绕转，当所述连接板610与所述连接杆611之间的夹角等于180°时，所述升降板609所在的高度为最高，当所述连接板610与所述连接杆611之间的夹角从180°逐渐减小到接近0°时，所述升降板609处于下降的状态；相反的，当所述连接板610与所述连接杆611之间的夹角从0°逐渐减小到接近180°时，所述升降板609处于上升的状态。
此处需要说明的是，采用齿轮传动杠杆的机构主要是考虑到以下因素：如果直接采用现有技术中的齿轮齿条604的传动控制升降板609的升降，则会存在齿轮受到卡接机构的重力、待打磨件的重力、以及打磨过程中上打磨机构5对升降板609有着向下的作用力，会推动齿轮在非预期的情况下向下滚动，造成打磨事故；同样的采用螺纹螺杆传动，会造成螺纹套在非预期的情况下向下滚动。因此本申请在齿轮传动的基础上增加了杠杆传动，将升降板609承受的卡接机构的重力、待打磨件的重力、以及打磨过程中上打磨机构5对升降板609有着向下的作用力提供连接板610和连接杆611进行分解，最后到旋转轴时的作用力已经是很小的了，很巧妙的解决了上述问题的存在。
同时没有直接使用气缸推送升降板609的是因为，气缸推送的速度和力度都是较大的，无法缓慢且精确的控制行程。
为了能够使卡接机构在上、下移动的过程中，不受下打磨机构3的阻碍且最后还能够将卡接机构转移到所述下打磨机构3的上方，故在所述顶升机构的顶部设置有旋转机构7。所述旋转机构7具体如图3所示，包括：安装座701，所述安装座701固定在所述升降板609上，即跟随着升降板609上下移动。所述安装座701上固定有第一驱动电机702，所述第一驱动电机702的输出轴上传动连接有第一转动齿轮703，所述第一转动齿轮703位于所述安装座701的上方。所述第一驱动电机702的一侧安装有传动轴704，所述传动轴704同样位于所述安装座701的上方，所述传动轴704上紧密的套接有第二转动齿轮705，所述第二转动齿轮705与所述第一转动齿轮703相互啮合。所述传动轴704的顶端固定有旋转臂706，所述旋转臂706的末端处于固定连接有卡接机构，所述卡接机构用于固定卡接待打磨件。
所述旋转机构7的工作原理如下：卡接机构在升降的过程中，旋转臂706控制卡接机构偏离上、下打磨机构3；当移动到指定的位置后，开启第一驱动电机702，第一驱动电机702的输出轴传动第一转动齿轮703与第二转动齿轮705相互啮合，在第二转动齿轮705的作用下，传动轴704带动旋转臂706发生转动，即将卡接机构转动到上打磨机构5的上方。便于上打磨机构5对卡接机构内部的待打磨件进行打磨。
但是在上述旋转机构7的作用下，仅仅是将卡接机构转动到位于下打磨机构3的上方，但是很难保证卡接机构中的待打磨件能够与下打磨机构3中的下打磨盘很好的匹对。故发明人对上述旋转机构7做了以下改进：如图4至图5所示，在所述传动轴704的顶端面固定设置有底座707，所述底座707上可转动的安装有第一连接轴708，所述第一连接轴708的顶端固定连接有第一旋转杆709。所述旋转臂706的末端处穿插有第二连接轴710，所述第二连接轴710的顶端固定有第二旋转杆711，所述第一旋转杆709与所述第二旋转杆711之间通过传动杆712传动连接。所述第二连接轴710的底端用于连接所述卡接机构。
上述结构用于实现对卡接机构的精调：即通过转动第一连接轴708，第一连接轴708传动传动杆712，传动杆712传动第二连接轴710转动，所述第二连接轴710带动卡接机构转动，实现卡接机构在水平方向上的角度微调。为了避免第一连接轴708在非预期的状态下发生转动，在所述第一连接轴708的边缘处设置了棘轮止逆阀，当需要转动第一连接轴708时，人为的控制棘轮止逆阀与第一旋转轴发生脱离；当需要止逆时，启用棘轮止逆阀，所述棘轮止逆阀为现有技术，故不再赘述。
在上述过程中，是对待打磨件的上、下两面进行打磨，因此在夹持的时候卡接机构是不能够与待打磨件的上、下两面有接触，只能从待打磨的边缘处进行夹紧。
在进一步的实施例中，如图6至图9所示，所述卡接机构包括：固定板713，所述固定板713用于与所述第二连接轴710的底端固定连接，在所述固定板713上安装第二驱动电机，所述第二驱动电机的输出轴上传动连接有第三转动齿轮714，并在所述固定板713上活动卡接有齿轮圈715。为了对待打磨件的上、下面不造成任何遮挡，所述固定板713的横截面较小，能够支撑第三转动齿轮714和部分齿轮圈715即可。所述齿轮圈715的内部设置有夹紧组件，所述夹紧组件用于夹持待打磨件。或者，所述固定板713的内部为敞口结构，使得所述夹紧组件位于所述敞口结构的内部，便于待打磨件将上、下两面暴露在外面，便于上打磨机构5、下打磨机构3进行打磨；所述夹紧组件是通过对待打磨件的圆周面进行夹持，与待打磨件的上、下两面无接触。
所述第二驱动电机带动第三转动齿轮714自转，并通过啮合实现齿轮圈715的转动，位于齿轮圈715内部的夹紧组件带动待打磨件转动，即当需要两面同时打磨时，可以通过开启第二驱动电机实现待打磨件的转动即可。
在进一步的实施例中，所述夹紧组件包括：固定在所述齿轮圈715内部的上固定圈716和下固定圈717，开始在所述上固定圈716上的若干个弧形槽718，活动卡接在所述弧形槽718内的立柱720，固定在所述立柱720上且位于所述上固定圈716和下固定圈717之间的盖板719，以及传动连接于其中一个立柱720的微型气缸；所述盖板719相邻之间通过前后面依次首位相连；在所述微型气缸的传动下，当所述立柱720从弧形槽718的外侧向内侧移动时，所述盖板719的内侧面相互靠近，实现夹紧的作用，此时相邻盖板719的前、后面之间的接触面积逐渐增大。
通过盖板719相互配合，从待打磨件的边缘处实现对待打磨件的夹持。
因为本发明可以实现双面同时打磨，也可以对单面进行打磨，并且因为上打磨机构5的高度为可调控的，因此会存在上打磨机构5与下打磨机构3之间的打磨力度不一样的情形，故在安装待打磨件时也会存在上面、和下面的区别。因此在安装时如果稍有不慎就会出现反装的问题，为了解决这个技术问题，发明人在夹紧组件与所述齿轮圈715之间设置有翻转组件8。如图10至11所示，所述翻转组件8为两组，沿所述齿轮圈715的径向呈对称分布在所述齿轮圈715的内部；所述翻转组件8用于对夹紧组件，及夹紧组件上的待打磨件沿齿轮圈715的径向实现0-360°的翻转。
在进一步的实施例中，所述翻转组件8包括：对应开设在所述齿轮圈715内部的安装槽，固定在所述安装槽内部的支架801，沿所述安装槽的长度方向穿插在所述支架801内的推杆802，固定在所述推杆802上靠近所述夹紧组件一端处的方块803，固定在所述方块803上的压轮804，以及套接在所述推杆802上且两端分别连接于所述支架801和方块803的压缩弹簧805；所述上固定圈716和下固定圈717之间的对应位置处设置有U型卡槽，所述U型卡槽的厚度与所述压轮804的厚度一致，所述压轮804恰好卡接在所述U型卡槽内，同时所述U型卡槽的深度大于所述压轮804的外径，当方块803卡接在所述安装槽内部时，所述压轮804与所述U型卡槽的底面之间留有弹性空间，当所述方块803受外力作用沿安装槽的长度方向夹紧组件靠近时，压轮804在U型卡槽内向里移动直至方块803与所述安装槽脱离，夹紧组件翻转。
也就是当装反时，人为的控制翻转组件8对待打磨件进行翻转即可，简单便捷、易操作，不需要重新固定安装。
双面自动打磨装置的打磨方法，具体包括以下步骤：
步骤一、将待打磨组件托举在夹紧组件的内部，开启微型气缸，所述微型气缸推动与之传动连接的立柱向内部移动，因为立柱上的盖板与相邻盖板之间为收尾相连，因此其他盖板被顺势推动向内旋转，通过与待打磨件的边缘处相接触实现夹紧待打磨件；此时的夹紧组件在旋转机构的作用下，与下打磨机构、上打磨机构相互之间没有重叠的部分，所述旋转机构和所述卡接机构在升降机构的作用下，位于所述升降机构的最低端；
步骤二、升降机构工作，在电动气缸的传动下，通过齿条与旋转齿轮的啮合作用带动与旋转齿轮为同轴连接的连接板旋转，在导向杆和连接杆的作用下，实现升降板的上移，即实现旋转机构和所述卡接机构的向上移动；
步骤三、当旋转机构和所述卡接机构移动到下打磨机构的上方时，升降板停止上移，此时开启旋转机构中的第一驱动电机，在第一转动齿轮和第二转动齿轮的传动下，将卡接机构沿传动轴绕转到下打磨机构的正上方处；
步骤四、通过第二次调节升降机构，使得夹紧组件中的待打磨件的下表面与下打磨机构中的打磨盘有效接触；
步骤五、通过调整安装在所述底座上的第一连接轴的转动，结合第一旋转杆、第二旋转杆和传动杆之间的传动连接实现对卡接机构的微调，保证夹紧组件内部的待打磨件能够与打磨盘有着最大面积的接触；
步骤六、需要对待打磨件的上表面进行打磨时，则控制升降装置将上打磨机构中的打磨盘下移并与待打磨件的上表面相接触；
步骤七、开启卡接机构包括中的第二驱动电机，在第二驱动电机上的第三转动齿轮与齿轮圈的作用下，实现夹紧组件在上打磨机构和下打磨机构中自转，此时上打磨机构和下打磨机构在夹紧组件的自转下分别进行上表面和下表面的打磨；
步骤八、在步骤一中，考虑到上打磨机构和下打磨机构的打磨力度可能不一样，则在安装时则需要优先区分上表面和下表面，如果安装错误则通过翻转组件实现翻转换面，简单易操作。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种双面自动打磨装置，其特征在于，包括：
    立架，固定在所述立架上的承载板，设置在所述立架底部的下打磨机构，通过升降装置安装在所述承载板的下表面处且位于下打磨机构正上方的上打磨机构，设置在所述立架内部且位于所述下打磨机构一侧的升降机构，安装在所述升降机构顶部的旋转机构，以及设置在所述旋转机构末端处的卡接机构；
    其中，所述立架用于安装上打磨机构、下打磨机构；所述升降机构用于控制卡接机构所在的高度，所述旋转机构用于实现卡接机构在水平面上的转动，卡接机构则是对待打磨件进行卡接固定；打磨之前，先将待打磨件固定卡接在卡接机构内，此时的卡接机构与下打磨机构、上打磨机构相互之间没有重叠，且所述旋转机构位于最低端；在打磨时，在升降机构和旋转机构的传动下，此时的卡接机构位于下打磨机构与上打磨机构之间，下打磨机构与上打磨机构分别对待打磨件上表面和下表面进行打磨。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种双面自动打磨装置，其特征在于，所述升降机构包括：固定在所述立架的底板上的安装板，横向安装在所述安装板上的电动气缸，固定在所述安装板上的卡块，与所述卡块之间为过盈配合的齿条，与所述卡块相邻固定在所述安装板上的安装架，可转动的安装在所述安装架上的转动轴，紧密套接在所述转动轴上的旋转齿轮，对称设置在所述卡块两侧的导向杆，套接在所述导向杆上的升降板，以及传动连接于所述升降板与所述转动轴之间的连杆组件；
    其中，所述旋转齿轮与所述齿条相互啮合，所述齿条的一端与所述电动气缸的活塞杆之间为传动连接。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种双面自动打磨装置，其特征在于，所述第一连杆组件包括：底端固定在所述转动轴上的连接板，以及顶端铰接于所述升降板的连接杆；
    所述连接板的顶端与所述升降杆的低端相互铰接。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种双面自动打磨装置，其特征在于，所述旋转机构包括：固定在升降板上的安装座，安装在所述安装座上的第一驱动电机，传动连接于所述第一驱动电机的输出轴且位于所述安装座上方的第一转动齿轮，安装在所述安装座上且与所述第一驱动电机相邻的传动轴，固定调节在所述传动轴上的第二转动齿轮，以及固定在所述传动轴的顶端的旋转臂；
    其中，所述第一转动齿轮与所述第二转动齿轮相互啮合，所述旋转臂的末端固定连接有卡接机构。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的一种双面自动打磨装置，其特征在于，所述传动轴的顶端面固定有底座，可转动的安装在所述底座内部的第一连接轴，固定在所述第一连接轴顶端的第一旋转杆，穿插在所述旋转臂末端处的第二连接轴，固定在所述第二连接轴的顶端的第二旋转杆，以及铰接于所述第一旋转杆与第二旋转杆之间的传动杆；所述第二连接轴的底端用于连接所述卡接机构。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种双面自动打磨装置，其特征在于，所述卡接机构包括：固定板，固定在所述固定板上的第二驱动电机，传动连接于所述第二驱动电机的输出轴上的第三转动齿轮，可转动的卡接在所述固定板上的齿轮圈，以及固定在齿轮圈内部的夹紧组件；
    所述固定板的内部为敞口结构，即便于待打磨件将上、下两面暴露在外面，便于上打磨机构、下打磨机构进行打磨；
    所述夹紧组件是通过对待打磨件的圆周面进行夹持，与待打磨件的上、下两面无接触。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的一种双面自动打磨装置，其特征在于，所述夹紧组件包括：固定在所述齿轮圈内部的上固定圈和下固定圈，开始在所述上固定圈上的若干个弧形槽，活动卡接在所述弧形槽内的立柱，固定在所述立柱上且位于所述上固定圈和下固定圈之间的盖板，以及传动连接于其中一个立柱的微型气缸；
    所述盖板相邻之间通过前后面依次首位相连；在所述微型气缸的传动下，当所述立柱从弧形槽的外侧向内侧移动时，所述盖板的内侧面相互靠近，实现夹紧的作用，此时相邻盖板的前、后面之间的接触面积逐渐增大。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的一种双面自动打磨装置，其特征在于，所述夹紧组件与所述齿轮圈之间设置有翻转组件，所述翻转组件为两组，沿所述齿轮圈的径向呈对称分布在所述齿轮圈的内部；所述翻转组件用于对夹紧组件，及夹紧组件上的待打磨件沿齿轮圈的径向实现0-360°的翻转。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的一种双面自动打磨装置，其特征在于，所述翻转组件包括：对应开设在所述齿轮圈内部的安装槽，固定在所述安装槽内部的支架，沿所述安装槽的长度方向穿插在所述支架内的推杆，固定在所述推杆上靠近所述夹紧组件一端处的方块，固定在所述方块上的压轮，以及套接在所述推杆上且两端分别连接于所述支架和方块的压缩弹簧；
    所述上固定圈和下固定圈之间的对应位置处设置有U型卡槽，所述U型卡槽的厚度与所述压轮的厚度一致，所述压轮恰好卡接在所述U型卡槽内，同时所述U型卡槽的深度大于所述压轮的外径，当方块卡接在所述安装槽内部时，所述压轮与所述U型卡槽的底面之间留有弹性空间，当所述方块受外力作用沿安装槽的长度方向夹紧组件靠近时，压轮在U型卡槽内向里移动直至方块与所述安装槽脱离，夹紧组件翻转。
  10. 一种使用如权利要求1至9中任一项所述的双面自动打磨装置的打磨方法，其特征在于，具体包括以下步骤：
    步骤一、将待打磨组件托举在夹紧组件的内部，开启微型气缸，所述微型气缸推动与之传动连接的立柱向内部移动，因为立柱上的盖板与相邻盖板之间为收尾相连，因此其他盖板被顺势推动向内旋转，通过与待打磨件的边缘处相接触实现夹紧待打磨件；此时的夹紧组件在旋转机构的作用下，与下打磨机构、上打磨机构相互之间没有重叠的部分，所述旋转机构和所述卡接机构在升降机构的作用下，位于所述升降机构的最低端；
    步骤二、升降机构工作，在电动气缸的传动下，通过齿条与旋转齿轮的啮合作用带动与旋转齿轮为同轴连接的连接板旋转，在导向杆和连接杆的作用下，实现升降板的上移，即实现旋转机构和所述卡接机构的向上移动；
    步骤三、当旋转机构和所述卡接机构移动到下打磨机构的上方时，升降板停止上移，此时开启旋转机构中的第一驱动电机，在第一转动齿轮和第二转动齿轮的传动下，将卡接机构沿传动轴绕转到下打磨机构的正上方处；
    步骤四、通过第二次调节升降机构，使得夹紧组件中的待打磨件的下表面与下打磨机构中的打磨盘有效接触；
    步骤五、通过调整安装在所述底座上的第一连接轴的转动，结合第一旋转杆、第二旋转杆和传动杆之间的传动连接实现对卡接机构的微调，保证夹紧组件内部的待打磨件能够与打磨盘有着最大面积的接触；
    步骤六、需要对待打磨件的上表面进行打磨时，则控制升降装置将上打磨机构中的打磨盘下移并与待打磨件的上表面相接触；
    步骤七、开启卡接机构包括中的第二驱动电机，在第二驱动电机上的第三转动齿轮与齿轮圈的作用下，实现夹紧组件在上打磨机构和下打磨机构中自转，此时上打磨机构和下打磨机构在夹紧组件的自转下分别进行上表面和下表面的打磨；
    步骤八、在步骤一中，考虑到上打磨机构和下打磨机构的打磨力度可能不一样，则在安装时则需要优先区分上表面和下表面，如果安装错误则通过翻转组件实现翻转换面，简单易操作。
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